阅读说明：本技术 一种利用磁通调速的永磁无刷电机 (Permanent magnet brushless motor utilizing magnetic flux to regulate speed ) 是由 张继美 杨洪开 于 2019-10-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种利用磁通调速的永磁无刷电机,其包括机壳、设置于机壳内部的定子部件、设置于机壳内并且延伸至机壳外部的转子部件以及设置于机壳外部并且延伸至机壳内部的调节部件,定子部件与转子部件同轴布置并且定子部件套接于转子部件的外部,定子部件与转子部件之间的距离可活动调节,转子部件设置成可相互切换的收缩状态、展开状态以及介于收缩状态与展开状态之间的过渡状态并且初始状态为过渡状态,收缩状态的转子部件与定子部件之间的距离最大、展开状态的转子部件与定子部件之间的距离最小,调节部件用于驱动转子部件在收缩状态与展开状态之间相互切换,所述的机壳内还设置有电子换向器与转子位置传感器。(The invention provides a permanent magnet brushless motor utilizing magnetic flux to regulate speed, which comprises a machine shell, a stator component arranged in the machine shell, a rotor component arranged in the machine shell and extending to the outside of the machine shell, and an adjusting component arranged outside the machine shell and extending to the inside of the machine shell, wherein the stator component and the rotor component are coaxially arranged, the stator component is sleeved outside the rotor component, the distance between the stator component and the rotor component can be movably adjusted, the rotor component is arranged into a contraction state and an expansion state which can be mutually switched, and a transition state between the contraction state and the expansion state and an initial state are transition states, the distance between the rotor component and the stator component in the contraction state is the largest, the distance between the rotor component and the stator component in the expansion state is the smallest, and the adjusting component is used for driving the mutual switching between the contraction, an electronic commutator and a rotor position sensor are also arranged in the casing.)

1. A permanent magnet brushless motor using magnetic flux to regulate speed is characterized in that: the device comprises a machine shell, a stator component arranged inside the machine shell, a rotor component arranged inside the machine shell and extending to the outside of the machine shell, and an adjusting component arranged outside the machine shell and extending to the inside of the machine shell, wherein the stator component and the rotor component are coaxially arranged and are sleeved outside the rotor component, the distance between the stator component and the rotor component can be movably adjusted, the rotor component is set into a contraction state, an expansion state and a transition state between the contraction state and the expansion state, the initial state is a transition state, the distance between the rotor component and the stator component in the contraction state is maximum, the distance between the rotor component and the stator component in the expansion state is minimum, and the adjusting component is used for driving the rotor component to be mutually switched between the contraction state and the expansion state;

the motor is characterized in that an electronic commutator and a rotor position sensor are further arranged in the machine shell, the electronic commutator comprises a power conversion circuit and a control circuit, and the electronic commutator and the position sensor are matched for controlling the direct current electrifying sequence of windings in the stator part and enabling the magnetic field generated by the stator part and the magnetic field generated by the rotor part to always keep a ninety-degree space angle.

2. The permanent magnet brushless motor using magnetic flux for speed regulation according to claim 1, wherein: the casing including be the cylinder and both ends opening arrangement's installation barrel, the one end opening part coaxial of installation barrel be provided with rather than can dismantle and be connected the circular front end housing of complex, the other end opening part coaxial be provided with rather than can dismantle and be connected the circular rear end housing of complex.

3. The permanent magnet brushless motor using magnetic flux for speed regulation according to claim 1, wherein: the stator component comprises a mounting ring which is coaxially and fixedly embedded on the inner circular surface of the mounting cylinder body, an armature winding in a rectangular shape is embedded on the inner circular surface of the mounting ring, the length direction of the armature winding is parallel to the axial direction of the mounting ring, the width direction of the armature winding is parallel to the tangential direction of the circumferential direction of the mounting ring, the armature winding is electrically connected with the electronic commutator, and the armature winding is provided with a plurality of mounting rings and is arranged in an array mode along the circumferential direction of the mounting ring.

4. The permanent magnet brushless motor using magnetic flux for speed regulation according to claim 1, wherein: the rotor component is coaxially and rotatably arranged on a main rotating shaft in the installation barrel, one end of the main rotating shaft is in rotating connection and matching with the rear end cover, the other end of the main rotating shaft is in rotating connection and matching with the front end cover, the output end of the main rotating shaft extends to the outside of the installation barrel, the main rotating shaft is coaxially provided with an annular external boss, the external boss is positioned in the installation barrel and is arranged close to the front end cover, the main rotating shaft is coaxially sleeved with a fixed cylinder and a movable cylinder, the fixed cylinder is positioned between the external boss and the rear cover plate and is in spline connection and matching with the main rotating shaft, one end face of the fixed cylinder, which is close to the front cover plate, is fixedly connected with the external boss, the movable cylinder is positioned between the fixed cylinder and the rear cover plate, the movable cylinder is in spline connection and matching with the main rotating shaft and can, the length direction of lifter plate is on a parallel with the axial of main pivot, width direction is on a parallel with the tangential direction of main pivot place circumferencial direction, and the lifter plate is provided with a plurality ofly and arranges along main pivot place circumferencial direction array, and the lifter plate is close to that armature winding terminal surface is fixed to inlay the rectangle permanent magnet and the permanent magnet that are equipped with rather than the adaptation and armature winding to mutually, the lifter plate is close to and is provided with between main pivot terminal surface and the solid fixed cylinder movable cylinder and be used for supporting and can lift adjustment the lifter plate link assembly.

5. The permanent magnet brushless motor using magnetic flux for speed regulation according to claim 4, wherein: the lifting connecting rod assembly comprises a first hinge rod and a second hinge rod which are arranged in a crossed mode and are equal in length, the middle position of the first hinge rod in the length direction of the first hinge rod is hinged to the middle position of the second hinge rod in the length direction of the second hinge rod, the axial direction of the hinge shaft is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft, the first hinge rod is arranged between the lifting plate and the fixed cylinder, one end of the first hinge rod is hinged to the outer circular surface of the fixed cylinder, the axial direction of the hinge shaft is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft, the other end of the hinge rod is hinged to the lifting plate, the hinge shaft is a movable shaft, the axial direction of the movable shaft is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft, a sliding groove which is arranged in a direction parallel to the length direction of the lifting plate is formed in the lifting groove in a sleeved mode, the two ends of the hinge rod are hinged to the outer circular surface of the movable cylinder, the other end is hinged with the lifting plate and the axial direction of the hinged shaft is vertical to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft.

6. The permanent magnet brushless motor using magnetic flux for speed regulation according to claim 4, wherein: the rotor component also comprises a linkage component fixedly connected with the movable cylinder, the linkage component is sleeved outside the main rotating shaft and positioned between the movable cylinder and the rear cover plate, the linkage component comprises a fixed ring coaxially sleeved outside the main rotating shaft, an annular connecting plate I for fixedly connecting the fixed ring and the movable cylinder is coaxially arranged between the fixed ring and the movable cylinder, the diameter of the connecting plate I is larger than that of the fixed ring, an annular connecting plate II is coaxially and fixedly arranged on one end face of the fixed ring, which is close to the rear cover plate, and the diameter of the connecting plate II is equal to that of the connecting plate I, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are sleeved outside the main rotating shaft, the fixing ring, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate form an annular groove together, the coaxial cover that rotates in the annular groove is equipped with the rotating ring, is provided with the arch along its radial outside on the outer disc of rotating ring, and the arch is provided with threely and arranges along rotating ring place circumferencial direction array.

7. The permanent magnet brushless motor using magnetic flux for speed regulation according to claim 1, wherein: the adjusting component comprises a mounting plate which is arranged outside the shell and is fixedly connected with the rear end cover, a stepping motor is fixedly arranged on the mounting plate, an output shaft of the stepping motor and the main rotating shaft are coaxially arranged and extend into the shell, the adjusting part also comprises a driving gear which is rotatably arranged on one end surface of the rear end cover close to the front end cover and is coaxially arranged with the main rotating shaft, and a driven gear which is rotatably arranged on one end surface of the rear end cover close to the front end cover and is parallel to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft, the driving gear is coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the stepping motor, the driven gears are meshed with the driving gear, three driven gears are arranged and are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the driving gear, the transmission gear is coaxially and fixedly provided with a screw rod extending towards the front end cover, the screw rods correspond to the bulges one by one, the bulges are sleeved outside the screw rod, and the screw rod and the bulges form threaded connection matching.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a brushless permanent magnet motor, in particular to a permanent magnet brushless motor utilizing magnetic flux to regulate speed.

Background

The permanent magnet brushless motor can be regarded as a direct current motor which replaces mechanical commutation with an electronic commutation device, the permanent magnet brushless motor mainly comprises a permanent magnet motor body, a rotor position sensor and an electronic commutation circuit, the permanent magnet brushless motor has many similarities with the traditional permanent magnet brush motor, a rotor provided with permanent magnets replaces the stator magnetic poles of the brush direct current motor, a stator provided with multiphase windings replaces the armature, an electronic commutator composed of a solid-state inverter and a shaft position detector replaces the mechanical commutator and the electric brush, compared with the traditional permanent magnet brush motor, the permanent magnet brushless motor has the obvious advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, small volume, small mass, less loss, high efficiency, flexible and various shapes and sizes of the motor, and the like, because the application range is very wide, the speed regulation of the permanent magnet brushless motor mainly carries out speed regulation by changing the size of loaded voltage, the permanent magnet brushless motor has the advantages of being ingenious in structure, simple in principle, low in production cost, convenient to overhaul and maintain, capable of being driven by constant voltage loading and capable of adjusting speed by utilizing magnetic flux.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a permanent magnet brushless motor which is ingenious in structure, simple in principle, low in production cost, convenient to overhaul and maintain, driven by constant voltage loading and speed-regulated by utilizing magnetic flux.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.

A permanent magnet brushless motor using magnetic flux to regulate speed comprises a machine shell, a stator component arranged in the machine shell, a rotor component arranged in the machine shell and extending to the outside of the machine shell, and an adjusting component arranged outside the machine shell and extending to the inside of the machine shell, wherein the stator component and the rotor component are coaxially arranged, the stator component is sleeved on the outside of the rotor component, the distance between the stator component and the rotor component can be movably adjusted, the rotor component is arranged in a mutually switchable contraction state, the rotor component is in a contracted state, the distance between the rotor component and the stator component in the contracted state is the largest, the distance between the rotor component and the stator component in the expanded state is the smallest, and the adjusting component is used for driving the rotor component to be mutually switched between the contracted state and the expanded state;

the motor is characterized in that an electronic commutator and a rotor position sensor are further arranged in the machine shell, the electronic commutator comprises a power conversion circuit and a control circuit, and the electronic commutator and the position sensor are matched for controlling the direct current electrifying sequence of windings in the stator part and enabling the magnetic field generated by the stator part and the magnetic field generated by the rotor part to always keep a ninety-degree space angle.

As a further optimization or improvement of the present solution.

The casing including be the cylinder and both ends opening arrangement's installation barrel, the one end opening part coaxial of installation barrel be provided with rather than can dismantle and be connected the circular front end housing of complex, the other end opening part coaxial be provided with rather than can dismantle and be connected the circular rear end housing of complex.

As a further optimization or improvement of the present solution.

The stator component comprises a mounting ring which is coaxially and fixedly embedded on the inner circular surface of the mounting cylinder body, an armature winding in a rectangular shape is embedded on the inner circular surface of the mounting ring, the length direction of the armature winding is parallel to the axial direction of the mounting ring, the width direction of the armature winding is parallel to the tangential direction of the circumferential direction of the mounting ring, the armature winding is electrically connected with the electronic commutator, and the armature winding is provided with a plurality of mounting rings and is arranged in an array mode along the circumferential direction of the mounting ring.

As a further optimization or improvement of the present solution.

The rotor component is coaxially and rotatably arranged on a main rotating shaft in the installation barrel, one end of the main rotating shaft is in rotating connection and matching with the rear end cover, the other end of the main rotating shaft is in rotating connection and matching with the front end cover, the output end of the main rotating shaft extends to the outside of the installation barrel, the main rotating shaft is coaxially provided with an annular external boss, the external boss is positioned in the installation barrel and is arranged close to the front end cover, the main rotating shaft is coaxially sleeved with a fixed cylinder and a movable cylinder, the fixed cylinder is positioned between the external boss and the rear cover plate and is in spline connection and matching with the main rotating shaft, one end face of the fixed cylinder, which is close to the front cover plate, is fixedly connected with the external boss, the movable cylinder is positioned between the fixed cylinder and the rear cover plate, the movable cylinder is in spline connection and matching with the main rotating shaft and can, the length direction of lifter plate is on a parallel with the axial of main pivot, width direction is on a parallel with the tangential direction of main pivot place circumferencial direction, and the lifter plate is provided with a plurality ofly and arranges along main pivot place circumferencial direction array, and the lifter plate is close to that armature winding terminal surface is fixed to inlay the rectangle permanent magnet and the permanent magnet that are equipped with rather than the adaptation and armature winding to mutually, the lifter plate is close to and is provided with between main pivot terminal surface and the solid fixed cylinder movable cylinder and be used for supporting and can lift adjustment the lifter plate link assembly.

As a further optimization or improvement of the present solution.

The lifting connecting rod assembly comprises a first hinge rod and a second hinge rod which are arranged in a crossed mode and are equal in length, the middle position of the first hinge rod in the length direction of the first hinge rod is hinged to the middle position of the second hinge rod in the length direction of the second hinge rod, the axial direction of the hinge shaft is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft, the first hinge rod is arranged between the lifting plate and the fixed cylinder, one end of the first hinge rod is hinged to the outer circular surface of the fixed cylinder, the axial direction of the hinge shaft is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft, the other end of the hinge rod is hinged to the lifting plate, the hinge shaft is a movable shaft, the axial direction of the movable shaft is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft, a sliding groove which is arranged in a direction parallel to the length direction of the lifting plate is formed in the lifting groove in a sleeved mode, the two ends of the hinge rod are hinged to the outer circular surface of the movable cylinder, the other end is hinged with the lifting plate and the axial direction of the hinged shaft is vertical to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft.

As a further optimization or improvement of the present solution.

The rotor component also comprises a linkage component fixedly connected with the movable cylinder, the linkage component is sleeved outside the main rotating shaft and positioned between the movable cylinder and the rear cover plate, the linkage component comprises a fixed ring coaxially sleeved outside the main rotating shaft, an annular connecting plate I for fixedly connecting the fixed ring and the movable cylinder is coaxially arranged between the fixed ring and the movable cylinder, the diameter of the connecting plate I is larger than that of the fixed ring, an annular connecting plate II is coaxially and fixedly arranged on one end face of the fixed ring, which is close to the rear cover plate, and the diameter of the connecting plate II is equal to that of the connecting plate I, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are sleeved outside the main rotating shaft, the fixing ring, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate form an annular groove together, the coaxial cover that rotates in the annular groove is equipped with the rotating ring, is provided with the arch along its radial outside on the outer disc of rotating ring, and the arch is provided with threely and arranges along rotating ring place circumferencial direction array.

As a further optimization or improvement of the present solution.

The adjusting component comprises a mounting plate which is arranged outside the shell and is fixedly connected with the rear end cover, a stepping motor is fixedly arranged on the mounting plate, an output shaft of the stepping motor and the main rotating shaft are coaxially arranged and extend into the shell, the adjusting part also comprises a driving gear which is rotatably arranged on one end surface of the rear end cover close to the front end cover and is coaxially arranged with the main rotating shaft, and a driven gear which is rotatably arranged on one end surface of the rear end cover close to the front end cover and is parallel to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft, the driving gear is coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the stepping motor, the driven gears are meshed with the driving gear, three driven gears are arranged and are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the driving gear, the transmission gear is coaxially and fixedly provided with a screw rod extending towards the front end cover, the screw rods correspond to the bulges one by one, the bulges are sleeved outside the screw rod, and the screw rod and the bulges form threaded connection matching.

Compared with the prior art, the permanent magnet synchronous motor has the advantages of ingenious structure, simple principle, low production cost and convenience in overhauling and maintenance, constant voltage is loaded on the armature winding of the stator part, and the magnetic flux between the magnetic field generated by the armature winding and the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet is changed by adjusting the distance between the armature winding of the stator part and the permanent magnet of the rotor part, so that the torque of the rotor part is changed, and the purpose of adjusting the rotating speed is realized.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is an exploded view of the enclosure.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the stator part.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the rotor part.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the main shaft.

Fig. 9 is a partial schematic view of the rotor part.

Fig. 10 is a partial schematic view of the rotor part.

Fig. 11 is a partial schematic view of the rotor part.

Fig. 12 is a partial schematic view of the rotor part.

Fig. 13 is a connection diagram of the movable tube and the link member.

Fig. 14 is a connection diagram of the movable tube and the link member.

Fig. 15 is a connection diagram of the movable tube and the link member.

Fig. 16 is a fitting view of the adjustment member and the rotary shaft member.

Fig. 17 is a fitting view of the adjustment member and the rotary shaft member.

Fig. 18 is a view showing the fitting of the adjustment member to the link member.

Fig. 19 is a partial structural view of the adjustment member.

Labeled as:

100. a housing; 101. installing a cylinder body; 102. a front end cover; 103. a rear end cap;

200. a stator component; 201. a mounting ring; 202. an armature winding;

300. a rotor component; 301. a main rotating shaft; 302. a boss is arranged outside; 303. a fixed cylinder; 304. a movable barrel; 305. a lifting plate; 306. a permanent magnet; 307. a first hinge rod; 308. a second hinge rod; 309a, a movable shaft; 309b, a chute; 310. a linkage member; 311. a fixing ring; 312. a first connecting plate; 313. a second connecting plate; 314. an annular groove; 315. a rotating ring; 316. a protrusion;

400. an adjustment member; 401. mounting a plate; 402. a stepping motor; 403. a driving gear; 404. a driven gear; 405. and a screw rod.

Detailed Description

A permanent magnet brushless motor using magnetic flux speed regulation comprises a housing 100, a stator part 200 arranged inside the housing 100, a rotor part 300 arranged inside the housing 100 and extending to the outside of the housing 100, and an adjusting part 400 arranged outside the housing 100 and extending to the inside of the housing 100, wherein the stator part 200 is coaxially arranged with the rotor part 300, the stator part 200 is sleeved outside the rotor part 300, the distance between the stator part 200 and the rotor part 300 can be movably adjusted, the rotor part 300 is arranged in a mutually switchable contraction state, a deployed state and a transition state between the retracted state and the deployed state and an initial state being the transition state, the distance between the rotor component 300 and the stator component 200 in the retracted state being the largest, the distance between the rotor component 300 and the stator component 200 in the deployed state being the smallest, the adjustment component 400 being used to drive the rotor component 300 to switch between the retracted state and the deployed state.

Specifically, an electronic commutator and a rotor position sensor (not shown in the figure) are further arranged in the casing 100, the electronic commutator includes two parts, namely a power conversion circuit and a control circuit, the electronic commutator and the position sensor are matched to control the direct current energization sequence of windings in the stator component 200 and enable the magnetic field generated by the stator component 200 and the magnetic field generated by the rotor component 300 to always keep a ninety-degree spatial angle, and the electronic commutator and the position sensor are consistent with the prior art and are not described again.

In the working process, a user loads constant voltage on the windings in the stator component 200, the electronic commutator and the position sensor are matched with each other to control the direct current sequence of the windings in the stator component 200, the magnetic field generated by the stator component 200 and the magnetic field generated by the rotor component 300 are always maintained at a space angle of ninety degrees, the rotor component 300 forms torque under the action of the magnetic force of the stator component 200, the rotor component 300 rotates around the axis of the rotor component, when the output rotating speed of the rotor component 300 needs to be reduced, the adjusting component 400 drives the rotor component 300 to be switched from a transition state to a unfolding state, the distance between the rotor component 300 and the stator component 200 is gradually reduced, the magnetic flux under the interaction between the rotor component 300 and the stator component 200 is gradually enhanced, the torque of the rotor component 300 is increased, and the; when it is desired to increase the output rotational speed of the rotor component 300, the adjustment component 400 drives the rotor component 300 from the transition state towards the contracted state, the distance between the rotor component 300 and the stator component 200 increases and the magnetic flux interacting between the rotor component 300 and the stator component 200 gradually weakens, the torque of the rotor component 300 decreases and the rotational speed of the rotor component 300 increases.

The casing 100 comprises a cylindrical installation cylinder 101 with openings at two ends, a circular front end cover 102 which is detachably connected and matched with the installation cylinder 101 is coaxially arranged at the opening at one end of the installation cylinder 101, and a circular rear end cover 103 which is detachably connected and matched with the installation cylinder is coaxially arranged at the opening at the other end of the installation cylinder.

The stator component 200 comprises a mounting ring 201 coaxially and fixedly embedded on the inner circular surface of the mounting cylinder 101, a rectangular armature winding 202 is embedded on the inner circular surface of the mounting ring 201, the length direction of the armature winding 202 is parallel to the axial direction of the mounting ring 201, the width direction of the armature winding is parallel to the tangential direction of the circumferential direction of the mounting ring 201, the armature winding 202 is electrically connected with an electronic commutator, the armature winding 202 is provided with a plurality of armature windings and is arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the mounting ring 201, and the armature winding 202 is sequentially electrified through the electronic commutator according to a certain sequence, so that a magnetic field generated by the armature winding 202 and a magnetic field generated by the rotor component 300 keep a ninety-degree space angle.

The rotor component 300 is coaxially and rotatably arranged on a main rotating shaft 301 inside the installation cylinder body 101, one end of the main rotating shaft 301 is in rotating connection and matching with the rear end cover 103, the other end of the main rotating shaft 301 is in rotating connection and matching with the front end cover 102, the output end of the main rotating shaft is extended to the outside of the installation cylinder body 101, an annular external boss 302 is coaxially arranged on the main rotating shaft 301, the external boss 302 is positioned in the installation cylinder body 101 and is arranged close to the front end cover 102, a fixed cylinder 303 and a movable cylinder 304 are coaxially sleeved on the main rotating shaft 301, the fixed cylinder 303 is positioned between the external boss 302 and the rear cover plate 103, the fixed cylinder 303 is in spline connection and matching with the main rotating shaft 301, one end face of the fixed cylinder 303 close to the front cover plate 102 is fixedly connected with the external boss 302, the movable cylinder 304 is positioned between the fixed cylinder 303 and the rear, a rectangular lifting plate 305 which is arranged opposite to the armature winding 202 is arranged between the main rotating shaft 301 and the armature winding 202, the length direction of the lifting plate 305 is parallel to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft 301, the width direction is parallel to the tangential direction of the circumferential direction of the main rotating shaft 301, a plurality of lifting plates 305 are arranged in an array manner along the circumferential direction of the main rotating shaft 305, a rectangular permanent magnet 306 matched with the lifting plate 305 is fixedly embedded on one end surface of the lifting plate 305 close to the armature winding 202, and the permanent magnet 306 is opposite to the armature winding 202, in order to support the lifting plate 305, a lifting connecting rod assembly which is used for supporting the lifting plate 305 and can be adjusted in a lifting way is arranged between one end surface of the lifting plate 305, which is close to the main rotating shaft 301, and the movable cylinder 304 of the fixed cylinder 303, and the lifting connecting rod assembly slides close to/away from the fixed cylinder 303 through the movable cylinder 304, the lifting and lowering of the lifting and lowering plate 305 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the distance between the armature winding 202 and the permanent magnet 306.

Specifically, the lifting link assembly includes a first hinge rod 307 and a second hinge rod 308 which are arranged in a crossed manner and have equal length, the middle position of the first hinge rod 307 along the length direction thereof is hinged with the middle position of the second hinge rod 308 along the length direction thereof, the axial direction of the hinge shaft is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft 301, the first hinge rod 307 is arranged between the lifting plate 305 and the fixed cylinder 303, one end of the first hinge rod 307 is hinged with the outer circumferential surface of the fixed cylinder 303, the axial direction of the hinge shaft is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft 301, the other end of the hinge shaft is hinged with the lifting plate 305 and is a movable shaft 309a, the axial direction of the movable shaft 309a is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft 301, one end surface of the lifting plate 305 close to the main rotating shaft 301 is provided with a chute 309b arranged in parallel to the length direction thereof, the movable shaft 309a is sleeved in the chute 309b and forms sliding, one end of the second hinge rod 308 is hinged to the outer circular surface of the movable cylinder 304, the axial direction of the hinge shaft is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft 301, the other end of the hinge shaft is hinged to the lifting plate 305, the axial direction of the hinge shaft is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft 301, the lifting link assembly drives the lifting plate 305 to move away from the main rotating shaft 301 by driving the movable cylinder 304 to slide close to the fixed cylinder 303, the armature winding 202 and the permanent magnet 306 are close to each other, and the lifting link assembly drives the lifting plate 305 to move close to the main rotating shaft 301 by driving the movable cylinder 304 to slide away from the fixed cylinder 303, so that the armature winding 202 and the permanent magnet.

More specifically, in order to drive the movable cylinder 304 to slide close to or away from the fixed cylinder 303 along the main rotating shaft 301, the rotor component 300 further includes a linking member 310 fixedly connected to the movable cylinder 304, the linking member 310 is sleeved outside the main rotating shaft 301 and is located between the movable cylinder 304 and the rear cover plate 103, the linking member 310 includes a fixed ring 311 coaxially sleeved outside the main rotating shaft 301, a first annular connecting plate 312 for fixedly connecting the fixed ring 311 and the movable cylinder 304 is coaxially disposed between the fixed ring 311 and the movable cylinder 304, the diameter of the first connecting plate 312 is greater than that of the fixed ring 311, a second annular connecting plate 313 is coaxially and fixedly disposed on one end surface of the fixed ring 311 close to the rear cover plate 103, the diameters of the second connecting plate 313 and the first connecting plate 312 are equal, the first connecting plate 312 and the second connecting plate 313 are both sleeved outside the main rotating shaft 301, and the fixed ring 311, the first connecting plate 312 and the second connecting plate, the rotating ring 315 is coaxially and rotatably sleeved in the annular groove 314, protrusions 316 are arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating ring 315 along the radial direction outwards, the three protrusions 316 are arranged and arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the rotating ring 315, and the adjusting component 400 drives the protrusions 316 to move close to or away from the fixed cylinder 303, so that the movable cylinder 304 can slide close to or away from the fixed cylinder 303 along the main rotating shaft 301.

During the working process of the stator component 200 and the rotor component 300, a user loads a constant voltage on the armature windings 202, the electronic commutator and the position sensor are matched with each other to control the electrifying sequence of the armature windings 202, so that the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets 306 and the magnetic field generated by the armature windings 202 always keep a space angle of ninety degrees, the rotor component 300 is wholly acted by magnetic torque and rotates around the axis thereof, the main rotating shaft 301 rotates to output power outwards, when the rotating speed of the main rotating shaft 301 needs to be reduced, the adjusting component 400 drives the protrusions 316 to move close to the fixed cylinders 303, the rotating rings 315 synchronously move and push the movable cylinders 304 to slide along the main rotating shaft 301 close to the fixed cylinders 303, the lifting connecting rod assembly drives the lifting plate 305 to move away from the main rotating shaft 301, the armature windings 202 and the permanent magnets 306 are close to each other and the mutual magnetic flux between the armature windings and the permanent magnets 306 is, the output rotation speed of the main rotating shaft 301 decreases; when the rotating speed of the main rotating shaft 301 needs to be increased, the adjusting component 400 drives the protrusion 316 to slide away from the fixed cylinder 303, the lifting link assembly drives the lifting plate 305 to move close to the main rotating shaft 301, the armature winding 202 and the permanent magnet 306 move away from each other, the interaction magnetic flux between the armature winding and the permanent magnet 306 is weakened, the torque of the main rotating shaft 301 is reduced, and the output rotating speed of the main rotating shaft 301 is increased.

In order to drive the protrusion 316 to approach/move toward the principle fixing cylinder 303, the adjusting member 400 includes a mounting plate 401 disposed outside the casing 100 and fixedly connected to the rear end cover 103, a stepping motor 402 is fixedly disposed on the mounting plate 401, an output shaft of the stepping motor 402 is coaxially disposed with the main rotating shaft 301 and extends into the casing 100, the adjusting member 40 further includes a driving gear 403 rotatably disposed on an end surface of the rear end cover 103 near the front end cover 102 and coaxially disposed with the main rotating shaft 301, a driven gear 404 rotatably disposed on an end surface of the rear end cover 103 near the front end cover 102 and parallel to an axial direction of the main rotating shaft 301, the driving gear 403 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output shaft of the stepping motor 402, the driven gear 404 is engaged with the driving gear 403, the driven gear 404 is provided with three screws 405 arranged in an array along a circumferential direction where the driving gear 403 is located, the driving gear 404 is coaxially and fixedly, the screw rods 405 are in one-to-one correspondence with the bulges 316, the bulges 316 are sleeved outside the screw rods 405 and are in threaded connection and matching, and the bulges 316 are driven to move close to/along with the principle fixing barrel 303 through rotation of the screw rods 405.

In the working process of the adjusting component 400, when the movable cylinder 304 needs to be close to the fixed cylinder 303 to move, the stepping motor 402 is started to rotate forward, the stepping motor 402 drives the driving gear 403 to rotate forward, the driving gear 403 drives the driven gear 404 to rotate in reverse, the driven gear 404 drives the screw rod 405 to rotate in reverse, the screw rod 405 drives the driving lug 316 to move close to the fixed cylinder 303, the movable cylinder 304 synchronously moves close to the fixed cylinder 303, the armature winding 202 and the permanent magnet 306 gradually approach, the torque of the main rotating shaft 301 is increased, and the rotating speed is reduced; when the movable barrel 304 needs to move away from the fixed barrel 303, the stepping motor 402 is started to rotate reversely, the stepping motor 402 drives the driving gear 403 to rotate reversely, the driving gear 403 drives the driven gear 404 to rotate in the forward direction, the driven gear 404 drives the screw rod 405 to rotate in the forward direction, the screw rod 405 drives the driving lug 316 to move away from the fixed barrel 303, the movable barrel 304 synchronously moves away from the fixed barrel 303, the armature winding 202 and the permanent magnet 306 are gradually away, the torque of the main rotating shaft 301 is smaller, and the rotating speed is increased.