阅读说明：本技术 一种水处理设备、系统和方法 (Water treatment equipment, system and method ) 是由 陈栋 张朝升 洪庆辉 于 2019-10-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种水处理设备,包括外筒体、内筒体和驱动装置,所述内筒体固接于外筒体内,所述驱动装置用于驱动内筒体在外筒体内转动,所述内筒体的筒底和筒壁设有多个脱水孔,所述外筒体底部设有浓缩液出口和淡水出口；所述内筒体的上部设有进料管；所述水处理设备处理的液体为过冷液体。本发明所述水处理设备处理的原水为过冷液体,通过将过冷液体经过在水处理设备中进行过冷水动态制冰、重力过滤和离心分离,实现原水中淡水和杂质的分离。该设备具有水处理成本低,适用性广泛的特点,可用于各种工业废水处理(包括强酸性、强碱性)和海水淡化。本发明还公开了包含该水处理设备的水处理系统。本发明还公开了水处理方法。(The invention discloses water treatment equipment, which comprises an outer barrel, an inner barrel and a driving device, wherein the inner barrel is fixedly connected in the outer barrel, the driving device is used for driving the inner barrel to rotate in the outer barrel, the barrel bottom and the barrel wall of the inner barrel are provided with a plurality of dewatering holes, and the bottom of the outer barrel is provided with a concentrated solution outlet and a fresh water outlet; a feeding pipe is arranged at the upper part of the inner cylinder body; the liquid treated by the water treatment equipment is supercooled liquid. Raw water treated by the water treatment equipment is supercooled liquid, and the supercooled liquid is subjected to dynamic ice making, gravity filtration and centrifugal separation of supercooled water in the water treatment equipment, so that separation of fresh water and impurities in the raw water is realized. The equipment has the characteristics of low water treatment cost and wide applicability, and can be used for various industrial wastewater treatments (including strong acidity and strong basicity) and seawater desalination. The invention also discloses a water treatment system comprising the water treatment equipment. The invention also discloses a water treatment method.)

1. The water treatment equipment is characterized by comprising an outer barrel, an inner barrel and a driving device, wherein the inner barrel is fixedly connected into the outer barrel, the driving device is used for driving the inner barrel to rotate in the outer barrel, a plurality of dewatering holes are formed in the barrel bottom and the barrel wall of the inner barrel, filter cloth is arranged on the inner wall of the inner barrel, and a concentrated solution outlet and a fresh water outlet are formed in the bottom of the outer barrel; a feeding pipe is arranged at the upper part of the inner cylinder body; the liquid treated by the water treatment equipment is supercooled liquid.

2. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one partition plate is provided in the inner cylinder, and the partition plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner cylinder through the central axis of the inner cylinder or parallel to the central axis of the inner cylinder.

3. The water treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein a solid sensor is disposed in the inner cylinder, the solid sensor is electrically connected to the driving device, and when ice crystals in the inner cylinder reach a predetermined height, the solid sensor controls the driving device to drive the inner cylinder to rotate by a predetermined angle; when ice crystals in each region in the inner cylinder body reach a set height, the solid inductor controls the concentrated solution outlet to be opened and controls the driving device to drive the inner cylinder body to rotate centrifugally.

4. A water treatment system, characterized by comprising the water treatment equipment of any one of claims 1 to 3 and a refrigeration system, wherein the refrigeration system is used for preparing a raw liquid into a supercooled liquid.

5. The water treatment system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the refrigeration system comprises a raw water pre-cooling regulation pool, a liquid outlet of the raw water pre-cooling regulation pool is connected with the water treatment equipment, a raw water outlet is arranged on the water treatment equipment, and the raw water outlet is sequentially connected with the evaporator and a feed pipe of the water treatment equipment through a circulating pump; the concentrated solution outlet is connected with the concentrated water tank sequentially through the first condensation tank and the raw water pre-cooling regulation tank, and the fresh water outlet is connected with the fresh water tank sequentially through the second condensation tank and the raw water pre-cooling regulation tank.

6. The water treatment system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the refrigeration system further comprises an auxiliary condenser, and the refrigerant of the auxiliary condenser flows through the throttle valve, the evaporator, the compressor, the first condensation tank and the second condensation tank in sequence through the pipeline.

7. The water treatment system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the refrigeration system further comprises a raw water heating system for heating raw water flowing out of the water treatment equipment and before entering the circulating pump to a temperature of 0 ℃ or more; preferably, a raw water branch is arranged on a water outlet pipeline of the circulating pump, and the raw water branch flows through the auxiliary condenser and returns to a water inlet pipeline of the circulating pump.

8. The water treatment system of claim 7, wherein a fresh water circulating pipe is disposed at the bottom of the second condensation tank, and the fresh water circulating pipe is connected to the water distributor.

9. A method of water treatment comprising the steps of:

s1, cooling the raw water to obtain a supercooled liquid, and freezing the supercooled liquid into ice crystals by adopting a supercooled water dynamic ice making method;

s2, separating ice and concentrated raw water from the supercooled liquid by adopting gravity filtration;

and S3, removing the concentrated raw water attached to the ice surface through centrifugation to obtain concentrated raw water and low-concentration ice crystals.

10. The water treatment method according to claim 9, wherein any one of the following (a) to (c):

(a) the concentrated raw water and/or the low-concentration ice crystals are used for pre-cooling raw water;

(b) the thickness of the low-concentration ice crystals is 0.5-1 mm;

(c) the raw water is electroplating wastewater, and the temperature of the supercooled liquid is-1 to-2.5 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to water treatment equipment, a system and a method.

Background

The electroplating wastewater contains a large amount of heavy metals which are harmful to the environment and human body. Meanwhile, the recovery value of the heavy metals is high. How to change waste into valuable and realize clean production is a key research direction of the electroplating wastewater treatment technology.

In the existing electroplating process, a reverse-flow multi-stage washing tank is arranged behind each electroplating bath to wash the plated part, so that the electroplating solution attached to the surface of the plated part can be washed off, and then the next electroplating procedure can be carried out. The washing wastewater of the plated parts generally exceeds 85 percent of the total wastewater of the electroplating plant, and is the largest object of electroplating wastewater treatment. After each electroplating process is finished, the plating piece is washed in a countercurrent multi-stage manner, and the electroplating solution attached to the surface of the plated piece is actually diluted step by step.

The development trend of electroplating wastewater treatment is clean production. Clean production means that advanced process technology and equipment are adopted, pollution is reduced from the source, resource utilization efficiency is improved, and generation and emission of pollutants in the processes of production, service and product use are reduced or avoided. The electroplating water washing wastewater is concentrated and reused in the electroplating bath, thus achieving the purpose of clean production. The electroplating water washing wastewater used in practical application is concentrated by reverse osmosis and evaporation concentration.

The reverse osmosis method is used for concentrating the nickel plating washing wastewater for the electroplating bath, and achieves good economic return. However, in the common electroplating process, the washing wastewater of the acid copper process, the coke copper process and the chromium plating process is strongly acidic with the pH value less than 2, and the washing wastewater of the alkali copper process and the zincate galvanizing process is strongly alkaline with the pH value more than 12, which are all beyond the allowable pH value range of the existing reverse osmosis membrane.

The evaporation concentration method is a method of concentrating the waste water by heating the waste water at normal pressure or reduced pressure to evaporate the water in the solvent. The concentrated solution can be returned to the plating bath, and the evaporated water vapor can be used as cleaning water after being condensed and recovered. However, the evaporation concentration method has large energy consumption and high cost. At present, in electroplating wastewater treatment, evaporation concentration method is rarely used alone, and is generally used as a link in combined treatment, such as treatment of reverse osmosis concentrated solution.

In the process of crystallization, impurities in water can be automatically removed to keep the water pure, and the freezing method water treatment technology is based on the basic principle. The freezing water treatment method has wide application range, almost has no selectivity to the waste water, and has obvious advantages for treating the waste water which is difficult to degrade (particularly the toxic and heavy metal waste water). The energy consumption of the freezing method is far lower than that of processes such as concentration and evaporation. The latent heat of vaporization at 100 ℃ is 2257.2kJ/kg, the latent heat of solidification of water is 335kJ/kg, and the theoretical energy consumption of evaporation concentration is 7 times that of freezing concentration. The freezing concentration adopts the normal pressure heat pump technology, and the average freezing energy consumption of the heat pump is 1/3 of the theoretical energy consumption. When the refrigerating end (evaporator) of the heat pump cools and makes ice, the similar heat can be transferred to the heat dissipation end (condenser) for melting ice, and the ice can be melted without extra heat energy. And evaporation concentration needs an additional cold source to cool the steam.

Supercooled water dynamic ice making is the latest ice making technology used in ice storage air conditioners. After the water reaches the freezing point temperature (the freezing point temperature of tap water under the standard atmospheric pressure is 0 ℃), the water cannot be frozen immediately, the supercooling phenomenon can occur, and the safe supercooling degree of the tap water is-3.8 ℃. Supercooled water is in a metastable state and ice crystals appear when the temperature of the water is lower than the supercooling degree. However, when such metastable states are artificially destroyed, ice crystals will also form without exceeding the supercooling degree. Because the supercooling degree is not needed to be reached to form ice, and the heat transfer efficiency between small ice crystals and solid and liquid is high, compared with other existing ice making methods, the supercooled water dynamic ice making and freezing method has higher ice making rate and energy efficiency. The supercooled water dynamic ice making method can form fine ice crystals with higher purity. The process of making ice by using supercooled water is a dynamic process, ice crystals and water continuously move mutually, and the ice crystals and the water are more easily separated automatically.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention seeks to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a water treatment apparatus, system and method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a water treatment device comprises an outer barrel, an inner barrel and a driving device, wherein the inner barrel is fixedly connected in the outer barrel, the driving device is used for driving the inner barrel to rotate in the outer barrel, a plurality of dewatering holes are formed in the barrel bottom and the barrel wall of the inner barrel, filter cloth is arranged on the inner wall of the inner barrel, and a concentrated solution outlet and a fresh water outlet are formed in the bottom of the outer barrel; a feeding pipe is arranged at the upper part of the inner cylinder body; the liquid treated by the water treatment equipment is supercooled liquid.

The water treatment equipment of the invention treats the supercooled liquid, the condition of dynamically making ice by the supercooled water is formed by the flowing state of the supercooled liquid flowing from the feeding pipe to the inner cylinder, ice crystals are gradually formed on the inner wall of the inner cylinder along with the flowing of the supercooled water, impurities in raw water and unfrozen liquid flow out from the dehydration holes to form concentrated liquid, the ice crystals are more and more increased along with the increase of time, after the ice crystals reach a certain height, the driving device drives the inner cylinder to centrifugally move, impurities remained on the surfaces of the ice crystals are centrifugally separated out, the ice crystals and the concentrated liquid containing low impurity concentration are obtained, and the separation of fresh water and impurities in the raw water is realized. And finally, the concentrated solution flows out from a concentrated solution outlet, and the ice crystals can flow out from a fresh water outlet after being melted or added with fresh water to form ice slurry. The equipment has the characteristics of low water treatment cost and wide applicability, and can be used for various industrial wastewater treatments (such as the freezing treatment of electroplating water washing wastewater with strong acidity, subacidity and strong basicity, and the problem that the electroplating wastewater treatment meets the requirement of clean production) and seawater desalination.

The aperture of the filter cloth is smaller than that of the dewatering holes. The aperture size of the filter cloth can be designed to be the size which can lead the concentrated solution to flow out and lead the ice crystals to be retained in the inner cylinder body.

Preferably, at least one partition plate is arranged in the inner cylinder body, and the partition plate is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the inner cylinder body through the central axis of the inner cylinder body or the central axis parallel to the inner cylinder body. On one hand, the arrangement of the partition plate is to avoid the pollution of the prepared ice crystals by overflowing wastewater, the partition plate is fixedly arranged in the inner cylinder body to divide the inner cylinder body into different areas, when the ice crystals in one area reach a certain height, the feeding pipe is moved to the other area to feed stock solution, and the impurity removal rate is higher; on the other hand, raw water entering the water treatment equipment from the feeding pipe impacts the partition plate to destroy stability, a condition of dynamically making ice by the supercooled water is formed, and ice crystals are formed, otherwise, if the supercooled water directly flows into the inner cylinder body from the feeding pipe, the ice crystals are difficult to form the partition plate due to the buffering of liquid in the inner cylinder body, and the partition plate is preferably arranged in a mode of passing through the central axis of the inner cylinder body. The height of the partition plate is preferably lower than that of the inner cylinder. Preferably, the pump pressure of the circulating pump can make the raw water of the feeding pipe impact the partition plate, and a certain impact force destroys the stability of the supercooled water.

Preferably, a solid inductor is arranged in the inner cylinder body and electrically connected with the driving device, and when ice crystals in the inner cylinder body reach a set height, the solid inductor controls the driving device to drive the inner cylinder body to rotate by a set angle; when ice crystals in each region in the inner cylinder body reach a set height, the solid inductor controls the concentrated solution outlet to be opened and controls the driving device to drive the inner cylinder body to rotate centrifugally.

The turned angle is decided according to the region that the baffle of interior barrel divided, turned angle satisfies and makes the inlet pipe mouth of pipe be located the top in another region after rotating, if the baffle sets up to 2 the central axis through interior barrel and with the inner wall rigid coupling of interior barrel, two baffle mutually perpendicular, the baffle is equallyd divide into four regions with interior barrel promptly, reach the settlement height when the ice crystal in one of them region, can set for barrel rotation 90 in the solid inductor control drive arrangement drive, make the inlet pipe mouth of pipe be located the top in another region and continue to form the ice crystal, until the ice crystal in every region all reaches the settlement height, the export of solid inductor control concentrate is opened and is discharged concentrate and control drive arrangement drive interior barrel centrifugation rotation. The treatment capacity of the water treatment equipment is determined according to the volume of the inner cylinder body.

Preferably, a water distributor is arranged above the inner barrel and used for providing fresh water, so that the fresh water is mixed with the ice crystals to form ice slurry which falls off from the inner barrel and flows out.

Preferably, the bottom of the inner cylinder body is also provided with a raw water outlet, and the raw water outlet is connected with a feeding pipe. In the process of crystallizing the supercooled liquid, the uncrystallized liquid is circulated back to the feeding pipe to be continuously crystallized in a circulating way, the concentration of the concentrated liquid is higher and higher along with the prolonging of the time, and a refrigerating system is preferably arranged between the raw water outlet and the pipe orifice of the feeding pipe and is used for compensating heat loss in the flowing process and keeping the temperature of the liquid.

The invention also aims to provide a water treatment system, which comprises the water treatment equipment and a refrigerating system, wherein the refrigerating system is used for preparing the stock solution into a supercooled liquid.

Preferably, the refrigeration system comprises a raw water precooling regulating reservoir, a liquid outlet of the raw water precooling regulating reservoir is connected with the water treatment equipment, a raw water outlet is arranged on the water treatment equipment, and the raw water outlet is sequentially connected with the evaporator and a feed pipe of the water treatment equipment through a circulating pump; the concentrated solution outlet is connected with the concentrated water tank sequentially through the first condensation tank and the raw water pre-cooling regulation tank, and the fresh water outlet is connected with the fresh water tank sequentially through the second condensation tank and the raw water pre-cooling regulation tank.

Forming concentrated solution and ice crystals in the water treatment equipment, opening a concentrated solution outlet to discharge the concentrated solution, and allowing the concentrated solution to flow through a first condensation tank and a raw water precooling regulation tank to a concentrated water tank; ice crystals are mixed with fresh water and then are mixed through stirring or a driving device is started to enable an inner cylinder body to rotate and mix to form ice slurry, a fresh water outlet is opened to discharge the ice slurry to flow through a second condensation tank and a raw water precooling adjusting tank to a fresh water tank, raw water in the precooling adjusting tank is subjected to heat exchange with low-temperature concentrated solution and low-temperature fresh water and then is subjected to primary cooling, then the raw water enters water treatment equipment, the raw water flows out of a raw water outlet on the water treatment equipment and then flows into an evaporator, the raw water flows out of the evaporator and then enters the water treatment equipment through a feeding pipe, and the raw water circulates between the water treatment equipment and the evaporator until the.

Preferably, the refrigeration system further comprises an auxiliary condenser, and a refrigerant of the auxiliary condenser sequentially flows through the throttle valve, the evaporator, the compressor, the first condensation tank and the second condensation tank through a pipeline. The auxiliary condenser is used for refrigerating the system at the initial starting stage of the system and auxiliary heat dissipation in the working process of the system. Preferably, the refrigerant pipelines in the first condensation tank and the second condensation tank are arranged at the bottoms of the first condensation tank and the second condensation tank.

Preferably, a fresh water circulating pipe is arranged at the bottom of the second condensation tank and is connected with the water distributor. And circulating the fresh water after the ice crystals are melted for separating the ice crystals in the inner cylinder body to form ice slurry.

Preferably, the inlet pipes of the first condensation tank and the second condensation tank are arranged above the highest liquid level, the outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom, and the top of the outlet pipe is provided with a siphon breaking hole.

Preferably, the refrigeration system further comprises a raw water heating system, and the raw water heating system is used for heating the raw water entering the circulating pump to a temperature of more than or equal to 0 ℃. The ice crystal blocks up the circulating pump and the pipeline in front of the circulating pump, which is a common problem in the existing supercooled water dynamic ice making process, so that raw water forms supercooled water after being refrigerated by the evaporator, the temperature of the supercooled water is still lower after passing through the water treatment equipment, if the supercooled water is continuously circulated to the evaporator, the pipeline in front of the circulating pump and the circulating pump easily forms ice crystals to block up the circulating pump, and therefore, a raw water temperature rising system is arranged to heat up the raw water after the water treatment equipment and before the circulating pump.

Preferably, a raw water branch is arranged on a water outlet pipeline of the circulating pump, and the raw water branch flows through the auxiliary condenser and returns to a water inlet pipeline of the circulating pump. The temperature is preferably raised in the above manner, the temperature of the temperature rise can be controlled to be about 0 ℃, and the energy of the system is saved.

The invention also discloses a water treatment method, which comprises the following steps:

s1, cooling the raw water to obtain a supercooled liquid, and freezing the supercooled liquid into ice crystals by adopting a supercooled water dynamic ice making method;

s2, separating ice and concentrated raw water from the supercooled liquid by adopting gravity filtration;

and S3, removing the concentrated raw water attached to the ice surface through centrifugation to obtain concentrated raw water and low-concentration ice crystals.

The water treatment method adopts the steps of forming raw water into supercooled liquid and separating impurities from the fresh water by adopting dynamic ice making, gravity filtration and centrifugal separation. The inventor finds that the ice crystals formed by dynamically making ice from the waste water through supercooling water have high water purity, the amount of impurities wrapped in the ice crystals is small, the impurities mainly exist in the concentrated waste water attached to the surfaces of the ice crystals and the concentrated waste water existing in gaps between the ice crystals, the high impurity removal rate can be realized through the gravity filtration and centrifugal separation method, and the obtained low-concentration ice crystals can be separated and purified again according to actual needs.

Preferably, the concentrated raw water and/or low-concentration ice crystals are used for raw water precooling treatment. The water treatment method adopts the steps of forming raw water into supercooled liquid and separating impurities from the fresh water by adopting dynamic ice making, gravity filtration and centrifugal separation.

Preferably, the thickness of the low-concentration ice crystals is 0.5-1 mm. The inventor finds that the impurity removal rate effect is high when the ice crystals with the thickness of 0.5-1 mm are obtained.

Preferably, the raw water is electroplating wastewater, and the temperature of the supercooled liquid is-1 to-2.5 ℃. For electroplating wastewater, the impurity removal efficiency is higher when the temperature of the supercooled liquid is-1 to-2.5 ℃, and especially the impurity removal efficiency is highest when the temperature of the supercooled liquid is-1.5 to-2.5 ℃.

The specific method for water treatment comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that raw water enters water treatment equipment after being initially cooled in a precooling adjusting tank, flows out from a raw water outlet on the water treatment equipment and then flows into an evaporator, the evaporator flows out and then enters the water treatment equipment from a feeding pipe, the raw water circulates between the water treatment equipment and the evaporator until the temperature is reduced to form supercooled liquid, ice crystals are formed, and the liquid without the ice crystals is concentrated liquid; opening a concentrated solution outlet to discharge concentrated solution, and enabling the concentrated solution to flow through a first condensation tank and a raw water precooling regulation tank to a concentrated water tank; the ice crystals are mixed with fresh water and then the inner cylinder body is rotated and mixed to form ice slurry through stirring or starting a driving device, a fresh water outlet is opened to discharge the ice slurry to flow through a second condensation tank and a raw water precooling adjusting tank to a fresh water tank, and the raw water in the precooling adjusting tank is subjected to heat exchange with low-temperature concentrated solution and low-temperature fresh water to be primarily cooled.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a water treatment device. Raw water treated by the water treatment equipment is supercooled liquid, and the supercooled liquid is subjected to dynamic ice making, gravity filtration and centrifugal separation of supercooled water in the water treatment equipment, so that separation of fresh water and impurities in the raw water is realized. The equipment has the characteristics of low water treatment cost and wide applicability, and can be used for various industrial wastewater treatments (for example, three electroplating water-washing wastewater with strong acidity, subacidity and strong basicity are subjected to freezing treatment, so that the problem that the electroplating wastewater treatment meets the requirement of clean production) and seawater desalination. The invention also provides a water treatment system which can realize water treatment with energy conservation and high efficiency. The invention also provides a water treatment method, and the method can realize the recycling of the concentrated water and the fresh water.

Drawings

FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic structural views of a water treatment apparatus according to embodiment 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a water treatment system according to embodiment 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a water-filling state of the water treatment apparatus according to embodiment 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a freeze-separated state of the water treatment apparatus according to example 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a centrifugal separation state of the water treatment apparatus according to example 1;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second condensation tank in example 2;

FIG. 8 shows the results of an ice crystal centrifugal dehydration experiment for washing wastewater from a nickel plating process;

wherein, 1, water treatment equipment; 2. a raw water precooling regulating pool; 3. an evaporator; 4. a first condensation tank; 5. a concentration water tank; 6. a second condensation tank; 7. a fresh water pool; 8. an auxiliary condenser; 9. a throttle valve; 10. a compressor; 11. a water distributor; 12. a filter; 13. a first circulation pump; 14 a second circulation pump; 15. a flow regulating valve; 16. a third circulation pump; 101. an outer cylinder; 102. an inner cylinder; 103. a drive device; 104. a concentrated solution outlet; 105. a fresh water outlet; 106. a feed pipe; 107. filtering cloth; 108. a partition plate; 109. a water distributor; 110. a raw water outlet; 111. a support; 601. a water inlet pipe of the second condensation tank; 602. a water outlet pipe of the second condensation tank; 603. siphoning off the hole; 604. fresh water circulating pipe.

Detailed Description

To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.