阅读说明：本技术 一种计轴磁头传感器 (Axle counting magnetic head sensor ) 是由 张忠民 李扬 符逸 于 2019-09-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于铁路设备技术领域,具体是涉及结构简单的一种计轴磁头传感器。本发明包括励磁线圈3和感应线圈4,其特征在于,励磁线圈3包括10kHz正弦波信号发生器1和正弦波信号放大2,感应线圈4包括感应电压接收放大5,信号处理部分6和信号监测部分7。本发明的有益效果在于：使用的计轴磁头传感器只使用了一个感应线圈和一个励磁线圈,其结构相比于现使用的双侧计轴磁头传感器的结构大大简化,结构的简化使安装和维护的成本大大下降。该传感器励磁线圈安装的位置所产生的周围的磁场与牵引强电流产生的磁场相互垂直,避免了牵引强电流产生的磁场对传感器磁场的影响。(The invention belongs to the technical field of railway equipment, and particularly relates to an axle counting magnetic head sensor with a simple structure. The invention comprises an excitation coil 3 and an induction coil 4, and is characterized in that the excitation coil 3 comprises a 10kHz sine wave signal generator 1 and a sine wave signal amplifier 2, and the induction coil 4 comprises an induction voltage receiving amplifier 5, a signal processing part 6 and a signal monitoring part 7. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the used axle counting magnetic head sensor only uses one induction coil and one excitation coil, and compared with the structure of the existing double-side axle counting magnetic head sensor, the structure is greatly simplified, and the cost of installation and maintenance is greatly reduced due to the simplification of the structure. The magnetic field around the sensor generated by the installation position of the excitation coil of the sensor is vertical to the magnetic field generated by the strong traction current, so that the influence of the magnetic field generated by the strong traction current on the magnetic field of the sensor is avoided.)

1. The axle counting magnetic head sensor comprises an excitation coil (3) and an induction coil (4), and is characterized in that the excitation coil (3) comprises a 10kHz sine wave signal generator (1) and a sine wave signal amplifier (2), and the induction coil (4) comprises an induction voltage receiving amplifier (5), a signal processing part (6) and a signal monitoring part (7).

2. An axle counting head sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the excitation coil (3) uses a sine wave ac signal of 10kHz as the excitation signal.

3. A spindle head transducer according to claim 1, characterised in that the excitation coil (3) is formed by winding a wire-covered wire of 0.7mm diameter around a core of 30mm diameter and 40mm length for a total of 20 turns.

4. A spindle magnetic head sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the induction coil (4) is an air core coil wound from 0.7mm diameter wire, the total length of the induction coil is 80mm, the number of turns wound is 20 turns, the width of the wide part of the induction coil (4) is 50mm, the width of the narrow part is 20mm, and the length ratio of the wide part to the narrow part is 1: 1.

5. An axle-counting head sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the relative position of the induction coil (4) and the excitation coil (3) of the sensor is such that the induction coil (4) is positioned 3.5mm vertically above the excitation coil, the centre of the induction coil (4) and the centre of the excitation coil (3) being aligned.

6. An axle counting head sensor according to claim 1 characterised in that the sensor is mounted and secured by means of bolts on the inside of the rail (8), the bolts being located in the middle of the rail (8).

7. An axle-counting head sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor is adapted to be used with two identical sensors, in that the directions of the excitation coils (3) are reversed during use and are positioned symmetrically on the rail (8), and in that the directions of the induction coils (4) in the two sensors are reversed, i.e. the position where one induction coil is wide corresponds to the position where the other induction coil is narrow.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of railway equipment, and particularly relates to an axle counting magnetic head sensor with a simple structure.

Background

With the continuous improvement of the railway running speed and the running efficiency, the necessary condition for ensuring the running safety and the high-speed running of the train is to determine whether the train section is occupied.

At present, two main devices for detecting the occupation condition of an interval are provided, one is a track circuit, and the other is an axle counting device.

The track circuit uses steel rail as conducting wire, the rail gap is connected by connecting wire, one end is connected with power supply, another end is connected with relay, and it can be worked by track current. Track circuits face two problems, one is the red band problem and the other is the poor shunting of the track.

Track circuits are susceptible to environmental influences. Factors such as moisture, insulation damage, lightning impulse and the like may cause short circuit of rails in sections without vehicles, and abnormal red light bands or 'flash red' are displayed, namely the problem of the red light bands in railway technical terms.

The poor shunting of the track circuit is mainly caused by rusting of the rail surface of the steel rail and accounts for more than 85 percent of the poor shunting section of the track. The reason for the steel rail rusting is complex, mainly because the steel rail is influenced by wind, sunshine, rain and other rain and snow weather for a long time, a thin film oxide layer is easy to generate on the rail surface, meanwhile, the steel rail is easy to rust and cause the rail surface corrosion phenomenon because the steel rail does not run for a long time and does not run with less operation lines such as a drawing line, a machine standby line, a safety line, a refuge line, a plant area special line and the like of a vehicle. And the problem that the road is poor due to the formation of an insulating layer on the rail surface caused by oil stains of the vehicle or the surrounding environment even if the goods are loaded and unloaded for a long time is also solved.

The axle counting magnetic head sensor in use at present is based on electromagnetic induction basically, the working principle is that when a wheel passes through the axle counting magnetic head sensor, the distribution of magnetic fields around the sensor is influenced, so that the magnetic field in an induction coil in the sensor is influenced by the wheel to change, and therefore the phase or amplitude change of induction voltage or induction current in the induction coil is caused relatively to be idle, and the purpose of counting can be achieved by detecting the phase or amplitude change.

Most of the conventional axle counting magnetic head sensors used in China are double-side axle counting magnetic head sensors, but the double-side axle counting magnetic head sensors have the defects of complex structure, difficulty in installation, easiness in interference of a traction strong current magnetic field, easiness in interference of other ferromagnetic substances and the like. The single-side axle counting magnetic head sensor is researched at home, but the single-side axle counting magnetic head sensor is not popularized and used at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an axle counting magnetic head sensor.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:

an axle counting magnetic head sensor comprises an excitation coil 3 and an induction coil 4, wherein the excitation coil 3 comprises a 10kHz sine wave signal generator 1 and a sine wave signal amplifier 2, the induction coil 4 comprises an induction voltage receiving amplifier 5, a signal processing part 6 and a signal monitoring part 7.

The excitation coil 3 uses a sine wave ac signal of 10kHz as an excitation signal.

The excitation coil 3 is formed by winding a wire covered wire with the diameter of 0.7mm on an iron core with the diameter of 30mm and the length of 40mm, and 20 turns are wound in total.

The induction coil 4 is an air core coil formed by winding a wire covered wire with the diameter of 0.7mm, the total length of the induction coil is 80mm, the number of winding turns is 20 turns, the width of the wide part of the induction coil 4 is 50mm, the width of the narrow part is 20mm, and the length ratio of the wide part to the narrow part is 1: 1.

The relative position of the induction coil 4 and the excitation coil 3 of the sensor is that the induction coil 4 is placed 3.5mm vertically above the excitation coil, and the center of the induction coil 4 is aligned with the center of the excitation coil 3.

The sensor is mounted and fixed by means of bolts on the inner side of the rail 8, the bolt holes being located in the middle of the rail 8.

The sensors need to use two same sensors in cooperation during use, the winding directions of the exciting coils 3 are opposite during use, the exciting coils are placed at symmetrical positions of the rail 8, and the placing directions of the induction coils 4 of the two sensors are opposite, namely, the wide position of one induction coil corresponds to the narrow position of the other induction coil.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

first, the used axle counting magnetic head sensor only uses one induction coil and one excitation coil, and compared with the structure of the existing double-side axle counting magnetic head sensor, the structure is greatly simplified, and the installation and maintenance cost is greatly reduced due to the simplification of the structure.

Secondly, the magnetic field around the sensor generated by the installation position of the excitation coil of the sensor is perpendicular to the magnetic field generated by the strong traction current, so that the influence of the magnetic field generated by the strong traction current on the magnetic field of the sensor is avoided.

Thirdly, two sensors are respectively arranged at symmetrical positions of two sides of the track in the using process of the sensors, and phase information is used for judging whether wheels pass through, so that the possibility that the sensors are misjudged when strong interference or ferromagnetic substances beside a unilateral track pass through the sensors can be effectively avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of an induction coil section of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the position of the present invention during use;

FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of the signals generated by the first two sensors in the interval ideally after installation;

FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of the signal after digital processing in the ideal case after installation;

FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of signals generated by the first two sensors in the interval in the case of a deviation in the mounting position;

fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of a signal after digital processing in the case of deviation of the mounting position;

fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of signals generated by two sensors at the head of a section when ferromagnetic substances pass through a single-side rail after installation.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which, 1.10kHz sine wave signal generator, 2 sine wave signal amplification, 3 exciting coil, 4 induction coil, 5 induction voltage receiving and amplifying, 6 signal processing part, 7 signal monitoring part, 8 rail, 9 sensor exciting coil magnetic core, 10 sleeper, 11 sector, 12-15, 4 sets of sensors installed at different positions on two sides of rail, 16 sector head, 17 sector tail.

The sensor aims to overcome the defects that the existing double-side axle counting magnetic head sensor is complex in structure, difficult to mount and easy to interfere. The invention provides an axle counting magnetic head sensor with a simple structure, which can effectively solve the problems of the existing double-side axle counting magnetic head sensor. The collection work of the number of the axles is realized through a simple sensor device, and the use mode of the sensor is provided.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

1. the axle counting magnetic head sensor comprises an excitation coil part, an induction coil part (including a wide side and a narrow side), and signal modules arranged at the periphery of the sensor, such as an excitation signal generating part, a signal receiving and amplifying part, a signal processing part, a signal monitoring part and the like of the excitation coil in the sensor. The peripheral signal module is used for explaining the working principle of the sensor in a matching way, and is not specifically explained in the application.

2. The use mode of the sensor comprises the installation mode of the sensor in use, the generation mode of signals and how to count by the generated signals.

In the axle counting magnetic head sensor with simple structure, the sensor excitation signal generating part generates a sine wave signal which enables the sensor to normally work, and the sine wave signal is amplified and then is connected to the excitation coil of the sensor. Because the excitation coil is communicated with the sine wave signal, a time-varying magnetic field excited by a time-varying electric field exists around the excitation coil, the time-varying magnetic field can be formed in the induction coil in an air coupling mode, the time-varying magnetic field in the induction coil can generate time-varying induced electromotive force in the induction coil, the induced electromotive force is also a sine wave signal, the frequency of the induced electromotive force is the same as that of the sine wave signal communicated in the excitation coil, the amplitude of the induced electromotive force in the induction coil can be kept stable in the absence of a vehicle, when a wheel passes through the sensor, the magnetic field distribution in the induction coil is changed compared with that in the absence of the vehicle, and therefore the amplitude of the induced electromotive force generated in the induction coil is reduced, and whether the wheel passes through the sensor or not is distinguished. The induced electromotive force signal in the induction coil is connected to the signal amplification part for amplification, then sent to the signal processing part for a series of processing such as filtering, demodulation, shaping, sampling and judgment, and finally counted. The signal monitoring part realizes real-time monitoring of the power supply signal and the transmission line, so that interference is brought to normal work of the sensor due to the fact that the power supply is unstable or the transmission line is broken, and meanwhile the running direction of the train is judged.

Further, the excitation coil part of the axle counting magnetic head sensor with simple structure uses a cylindrical coil with an iron core.

Further, the induction coil part of the axle counting magnetic head sensor with the simple structure uses an air coil, and the induction coil is made into a shape with one wide side and one narrow side, so that the induced electromotive force amplitude in the induction coil is different when a wheel passes through the wide side and the narrow side of the induction coil, and 3 induced electromotive force values with different amplitudes are shared in different situations in the combined induction coil compared with the situation without the vehicle.

Further, the induction coil of the axle counting magnetic head sensor with the simple structure is arranged right above the excitation coil.

Furthermore, the axle counting magnetic head sensor with the simple structure is installed and fixed on a rail (fixed on the inner side of the rail) through bolts, the bolt holes are positioned in the middle of the rail, the axle counting magnetic head sensor with the simple structure can also be installed on a tramcar track, and the installation and the fixation can withstand serious environmental load and mechanical load when the rail runs.

Further, the axle counting magnetic head sensor with a simple structure needs two sensors to be matched for use in the using process, the installation position refers to the attached figure 4 of the specification, the two sensors are placed on the symmetrical positions of the rail, and the placing directions of the induction coils of the two sensors are opposite (namely, the wide position of one induction coil corresponds to the narrow position of the other induction coil).

Furthermore, the winding directions of the excitation coils in the two sensors are opposite in the using process of the axle counting magnetic head sensor with the simple structure, so that when the same sine wave signals (with the same frequency and the same phase) are introduced into the two coils, sine wave signals with the same frequency and the opposite direction can be generated in the induction coils of the two sensors.

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments to better appreciate the advantages of the present invention, including the manner in which the sensor is made and the manner in which the sensor is installed and operated during use. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

Fig. 1 shows a design architecture diagram of the whole present invention, the application focuses on the description of the design and use of the sensor portion, and the description of other portions is only combined with the description of this portion, so the specific implementation manner of other portions is not elaborated. The sine wave signal generator 1 with 10kHz generates signal excitation for enabling the sensor to work normally, and the sine wave signal generator is connected with the sine wave signal amplifying circuit 2, so that the power of the generated sine wave signal is improved to meet the power requirement when the sensor works normally. The amplified sine wave signal is directly connected with an excitation coil 3 of the sensor to generate a time-varying electromagnetic field around the excitation coil, then an induced electromotive force is generated in an induction coil 4 of the sensor in an air coupling mode, and the induced electromotive force generated in the induction coil of the sensor is transmitted to an induced voltage receiving and amplifying part 5 to amplify the power of the received induced voltage, so that the subsequent processing is facilitated. The amplified induced voltage signal is sent to a signal processing part for processing such as filtering, synthesis, demodulation, shaping, sampling and the like, and whether wheels pass is judged, so that counting is realized. Meanwhile, the amplified signal is sent to the signal monitoring part 7 to judge whether the running direction of the train and the transmission line are broken or not, and the power supply signal is also sent to the signal monitoring part 7 to judge whether the power supply voltage is in a normal working range or not.

In the present embodiment, first, a method of manufacturing the sensor of the present invention will be described. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, which illustrate the structure of the sensor and the relative positions of the induction coil and the excitation coil in the sensor, the excitation coil 3 of the sensor is formed by winding a 0.7mm diameter covered wire (one covered wire is composed of a plurality of strands) on a 30mm diameter and 40mm long iron core for a total of 20 turns. The sensor induction coil 4 is also wound from 0.7mm diameter wire-wrapped wire, but instead of using a ferrous core, it is an air-core coil, the total length of the induction coil is 80mm, the number of turns in the winding is also 20 turns, the width of the wide portion of the induction coil is 50mm, the width of the narrow portion is 20mm, and the ratio of the lengths of the wide portion and the narrow portion is 1:1 (i.e. 40mm for each of the wide portion and the narrow portion). The relative position of the induction coil and the excitation coil of the sensor is that the induction coil is placed 35mm vertically above the excitation coil, and the center of the induction coil is aligned with the center of the excitation coil. The exciting coil in the sensor is arranged to be vertical to a yz plane in the three-dimensional space coordinate system established in the figure 2, and the induction coil is arranged to be parallel to an xz plane in the three-dimensional space coordinate system established in the figure 2. The sensor is fixed on the rail (fixed on the inner side of the rail) by bolts, and the bolt holes are positioned in the middle of the rail.

In the present embodiment, a mounting method of the sensor of the present invention will be described next. Fig. 4 shows the installation of the sensor in actual use. Two sets of sensors, 12-15 in the figure, are placed at the beginning 16 and end 17 of a zone 11. Taking the interval head 16 as an example, two sensors are placed at the interval head 16, one sensor is a sensor 12, the other sensor is a sensor 13, the sensors in fig. 4 are represented by a one-way arrow, one side of the arrow represents the wide side of the induction coil 4, the directions of the induction coils in the two sensors are exactly opposite, the directions of the excitation coils 3 in the two sensors are opposite, and the introduced currents are sine wave signals with the same frequency and phase, so that the induced electromotive forces generated by the induction coils in the two sensors are signals with the same frequency and opposite directions. The two sensors at the tail 17 of the zone are mounted in the same way as the two sensors at the head 16 of the zone.

In the ideal case, where the two sensors are exactly aligned, after installation in the position of fig. 4, the resulting wave patterns are shown in fig. 5 and 6, the first and second graphs in figure 5 are waveforms generated by the two sensors 12 and 13 as one wheel-pair passes the sensors, it can be seen that there are 3 induced voltage values with different amplitudes when the wheel passes through the wide part and the narrow part of the sensor and no wheel passes through the sensor, and the phases of the 3 induced voltages having different amplitudes are continuous, the third graph in fig. 5 is the sum of the signals of the first graph and the second graph, it can be seen from the figure that the amplitude of the sum of the two signals is 0 in the absence of a vehicle, the sum of the signals is a modulated 2psk signal (the carrier frequency and the sine wave frequency are the same and 10kHz), the fourth diagram in fig. 5 is a waveform diagram obtained by multiplying the sum of two signals by a carrier wave to realize demodulation. The first plot in fig. 6 is a single-sided amplitude spectrum of the demodulated signal, which shows that the demodulated signal has larger frequency components at 20kHz and 0 Hz. The second diagram in fig. 6 is a signal waveform of the demodulated signal passing through the low-pass filter, and the low-pass filtered signal is sampled and compared with a threshold to realize counting.

If the sensor 12 and the sensor 13 are installed at different positions according to the position shown in fig. 4, the maximum deviation of the installation positions of the two sensors is allowed to be 40mm, fig. 7 and 8 are waveform diagrams generated when the deviation is installed, and the third diagram in fig. 7 shows that when the deviation is installed, when one wheel pair passes through the position of the sensor, the signal has two waveforms, but the time interval between the two waveforms is short compared with the arrival time of the next wheel pair, and the two waveforms can be regarded as one wheel pair when counting, and only once counting is carried out.

After the installation according to the position of fig. 4, if there is a ferromagnetic material passing through the sensor on the unilateral rail, it is assumed that there is a ferromagnetic material passing through the induction coil on the side of the sensor 12, and it can be seen from the waveform diagram of the third diagram of fig. 9 where the two signals are superimposed, in this case, the phase change will not occur, so that the interference of the system counting when there is a ferromagnetic material passing through the unilateral rail can be effectively avoided.

After the train is installed as shown in fig. 4, the single-path signals of the sensor 12 and the sensor 13 can be sent to the signal monitoring module 7 to judge the train running direction (according to the sequence of the induction voltage amplitudes), and whether the sensor is broken or damaged can be judged by the presence of the single-path signals of the sensor 12 and the sensor 13.

In this embodiment, the operation and advantages of the present invention will be described last. If both the section head 16 and the section tail 17 are counted as shown in fig. 4, and the two counting results are the same, indicating that the number of wheels entering the section and the number of wheels leaving the section are equal, the section is determined to be in the idle state. If the two counting results are different, the number of wheels entering the section is not equal to that of wheels leaving the section, and the section is judged to be in an occupied state. If the two counting results are not equal, the fault information can be reported.

The axle counting magnetic head sensor with the simple structure can finish the manufacture of one sensor only by one excitation coil and one induction coil, and has the advantages of simple manufacture cost and simple installation. The interference of a traction current magnetic field and the influence of ferromagnetic substance passing on the sensor can be effectively reduced.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.