阅读说明：本技术 一种逐次逼近型模数转换器的数字自校准装置及方法 (Digital self-calibration device and method of successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter ) 是由 张国和 董雷 刘沛 张海峰 王红义 于 2019-10-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于模拟集成电路设计领域,公开了一种逐次逼近型模数转换器的数字自校准装置及方法,数字自校准装置包括校准开关、比较器和逻辑控制单元；数字自校准方法包括采样,选取首位校准电容单元进行电荷重分配,通过逻辑控制电容的下极板接地或者基准电压之间的切换,逐次逼近首位校准电容单元进行电荷重分配带来的电压差,通过比较器的输出进行量化计算,按照量化结果进行校准计算,得到校准结果作为校准权重值,存在寄存器中用于模数转换器征程工作使用,重复进行完成所有高位电容的校准。本方法通过复用计算电路,减少了电路面积,同时保证了模数转换器的高精度量化。(The invention belongs to the field of analog integrated circuit design and discloses a digital self-calibration device and a digital self-calibration method of a successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter, wherein the digital self-calibration device comprises a calibration switch, a comparator and a logic control unit; the digital self-calibration method comprises the steps of sampling, selecting a first-order calibration capacitor unit to redistribute charges, sequentially approaching voltage difference caused by charge redistribution of the first-order calibration capacitor unit by switching between lower plate grounding or reference voltage of a logic control capacitor, carrying out quantitative calculation through the output of a comparator, carrying out calibration calculation according to the quantitative result to obtain a calibration result serving as a calibration weight value, storing the calibration result in a register for the routine work of an analog-digital converter, and repeatedly completing the calibration of all high-order capacitors. The method reduces the circuit area and ensures the high-precision quantization of the analog-digital converter by multiplexing the computing circuit.)

1. A successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter capacitor digital self-calibration device is characterized in that the analog-to-digital converter comprises a positive capacitor array and a negative capacitor array which are complementary, and the capacitor digital self-calibration device comprises a calibration switch, a comparator and a logic control unit;

corresponding complementary capacitors in the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array form a capacitor unit, and the capacitance values of all capacitors in the capacitor unit are equal; the upper polar plates of all capacitors in the positive capacitor array are connected with the first input end of the comparator and the first end of the calibration switch, and the lower polar plates are connected with reference voltage or ground; the upper polar plates of all capacitors in the negative capacitor array are connected with the second input end of the comparator and the second end of the calibration switch, and the lower polar plates are connected with reference voltage or ground; the output end of the comparator is connected with the logic control unit, and the logic control unit is connected with both the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array;

the logic control unit is used for switching the lower plate of the capacitor to reference voltage or ground.

2. The successive approximation analog-to-digital converter capacitance digital self-calibration device according to claim 1, further comprising a register for registering a calibration weight value after the capacitance calibration.

3. A capacitance digital self-calibration method of a successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter based on the digital self-calibration device of claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: connecting the lower electrode plates of all capacitors of the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array with reference voltage and closing the calibration switch;

s2: disconnecting the calibration switch, selecting a first calibration capacitor unit, grounding a lower pole plate of a positive capacitor of the first calibration capacitor unit, introducing a first voltage difference at two ends of the comparator, comparing the first voltage difference with 0 and outputting a comparison result;

s3: when the comparison result is 1, controlling the capacitance in the positive capacitor array through the logic control unit, and sequentially switching from the highest-order capacitance to the lowest-order capacitance from the lower electrode plate to the reference voltage to the grounding of the lower electrode plate; when the comparison result is 0, controlling the capacitance in the negative capacitor array through the logic control unit, and sequentially switching from the highest-order capacitance to the lowest-order capacitance from the lower electrode plate to the reference voltage to the grounding of the lower electrode plate;

s4: outputting the quantization result D by a comparator_n-1，D_n-2，…，D₀Wherein n is the number of the capacitor units;

s5: obtaining the positive capacitance result D of the first calibration capacitor unit by the formula (1)_{out_p}：

Wherein: d_iFor the non-redundant bit capacitance i, the corresponding quantization result, W_iIs the standard weight value of the non-redundant bit capacitor i, D_rSwitching the corresponding quantization result for the redundancy bit capacitance r, W_rThe standard weighted value of the redundant bit capacitor r;

s6: grounding the lower plate of the negative capacitor of the first calibration capacitor unit, connecting the lower plates of the rest capacitors with reference voltages, introducing a second voltage difference at two ends of the comparator, comparing the second voltage difference with 0 and outputting a comparison result;

s7: repeating S3-S5 to obtain the quantization result D of the negative capacitance of the first calibration capacitor unit_{out_n}：

S8: obtaining a quantization result D of the first calibration capacitor unit by the formula (2)_out：

D_out＝(D_{out_n}-D_{out_p})/2 (2)

S9: the calibration result W' of the first calibration capacitor unit is obtained by equation (3):

W'＝2×D_out-W (3)

wherein, W is a standard weight value of the first calibration capacitor unit; taking the calibration result W' of the first calibration capacitor unit as a calibration weight value of the first calibration capacitor unit to finish the calibration of the first calibration capacitor unit;

s10: and repeating the steps from S1 to S9 to sequentially calibrate the high-order capacitor units of the first-order calibration capacitor unit until all the high-order capacitor units are calibrated.

4. The digital self-calibration method of successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter according to claim 3, wherein the capacitance C of the positive/negative capacitance in the first calibration capacitance unit_iComprises the following steps:

wherein: c_minIs the minimum capacitance value of the analog-to-digital converter,

5. The digital self-calibration method of the successive approximation analog-to-digital converter according to claim 3, wherein the S9 is replaced by A9:

a9: repeating S1-S8 for several times to obtain the quantization results D of several first-position calibration capacitor units_outObtaining a plurality of calibration results W' of the first calibration capacitor unit by equation (4):

W'＝2×D_out-W (4)

wherein, W is a standard weight value corresponding to the first calibration capacitor unit; averaging a plurality of calibration results W' of the first calibration capacitor unit to obtain a final calibration result of the first calibration capacitor unit, and taking the final calibration result of the first calibration capacitor unit as a calibration weight value of the first calibration capacitor unit.

6. The digital self-calibration method of the successive approximation analog-to-digital converter according to claim 5, wherein the A9 is repeated from S1 to S8 for 500-1000 times.

7. The digital self-calibration method of the successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter according to claim 3, wherein at least 1 redundant bit capacitor is designed for each capacitor in the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array, and all capacitors in the positive capacitor array or the negative capacitor array satisfy the following conditions:

wherein, V_offsetOffset voltage of comparator, W_jIs the standard weight value of the capacitance j.

8. The successive approximation analog-to-digital converter capacitance-to-digital self-calibration device according to claim 3, wherein the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array each comprise at least 13 capacitors.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of analog integrated circuit design, and relates to a digital self-calibration device and method of a successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter.

Background

The main factors restricting the performance of the successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter include the factors of offset of a comparator, noise influence, capacitance parasitic and capacitance mismatch and the like. Due to manufacturing process variations, random mismatches in capacitance typically occur. When the capacitance mismatch occurs in the capacitor array of the successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter, the overall linearity of the successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter is affected. Calibrating the capacitor array of the successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter is an important technology for improving the linearity of the successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter. The calibration can be divided into digital calibration and analog calibration, and the digital calibration includes foreground calibration and background calibration. Analog calibration refers to using a designed analog circuit to cooperatively detect and compensate for the mismatch of the main DAC array, and digital calibration refers to analyzing digital codes to calculate and correct the capacitance mismatch. The foreground calibration means that the analog-to-digital converter is calibrated before normal work, and the calibration value is adopted to convert analog quantity into digital code; and background calibration refers to calibration performed simultaneously during the operation of the analog-to-digital converter. In general, digital background calibration requires a larger area to be consumed than foreground calibration.

Many researchers at home and abroad carry out a series of researches on the research direction of the analog calibration technology, and in 2007, Yasuhide Kuramochi et al design a 10-bit successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter, and part of capacitance is removed through analog calibration, so that the circuit area is reduced. The 2010 Zhenning Wang et al proposed a foreground calibration technique, which calibrates each capacitor to be calibrated by calibrating a DAC array, and further calculates the inversion result of the calibrated DAC array as a correction term through an ALU, thereby completing the calibration of the capacitor mismatch. 2016, Yaguang Zhu et al designed a calibration capacitor array, and at the beginning of calibration, the calibration capacitor array was continuously accessed to compensate the voltage across the comparator until the comparator reversed, at which time the consumed calibration capacitance was recorded, and when the digital code was normally converted, the calibration capacitance and the conversion capacitor array reversed simultaneously to compensate the loss of capacitance mismatch. The research of digital calibration techniques can be divided into foreground and background calibrations. In the research direction of foreground calibration, Xian Gu et al propose a calibration algorithm to adjust the configurable capacitors by calculating the frequency of occurrence of code values according to the code density. In 2017, Junhua Shen proposes an LSB repeating structure to reduce noise, and simultaneously, a foreground calibration algorithm for calibrating a high-order capacitor by using a low-order capacitor is used, and meanwhile, the LSB repeating structure increases the measurable range of errors, so that the calibration precision is improved. In addition, Chang Dong-Jin et al propose that the calibration algorithm can be optimized to reduce the amount of capacitance for foreground calibration. On background calibration, McNeill John a et al propose an LMS background calibration algorithm to iterate until the code values change linearly, at which time the capacitive array is stored and used for subsequent calculations. And a disturbance-based calibration algorithm proposed by Liu W et al designs an extra capacitor on the capacitor array, introduces disturbance voltage according to the switching of the capacitor, and uses the disturbance to iteratively calculate the capacitor array. In addition, the circuit area can be reduced through off-chip calibration, and meanwhile, the performance loss caused by capacitor mismatch can be minimized, and Yingying Chi improves the precision through designing off-chip calibration, a bootstrap switch, a dynamic latch type voltage amplifier and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of complex calculation circuit and low precision of a digital foreground calibration algorithm of a successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter in the prior art, and provides a digital self-calibration device and a digital self-calibration method of the successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:

a successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter capacitance digital self-calibration device comprises a positive capacitance array and a negative capacitance array which are complementary, and the capacitance digital self-calibration device comprises a calibration switch, a comparator and a logic control unit;

corresponding complementary capacitors in the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array form a capacitor unit, and the capacitance values of all capacitors in the capacitor unit are equal; the upper polar plates of all capacitors in the positive capacitor array are connected with the first input end of the comparator and the first end of the calibration switch, and the lower polar plates are connected with reference voltage or ground; the upper polar plates of all capacitors in the negative capacitor array are connected with the second input end of the comparator and the second end of the calibration switch, and the lower polar plates are connected with reference voltage or ground; the output end of the comparator is connected with the logic control unit, and the logic control unit is connected with both the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array;

the logic control unit is used for switching the lower plate of the capacitor to reference voltage or ground.

The invention further improves the capacitance digital self-calibration device of the successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter, and comprises the following steps:

the register is used for registering a calibration weight value after the capacitor is calibrated.

In another aspect of the present invention, a successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter capacitance digital self-calibration method includes the following steps:

s1: connecting the lower electrode plates of all capacitors of the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array with reference voltage and closing the calibration switch;

s2: disconnecting the calibration switch, selecting a first calibration capacitor unit, grounding a lower pole plate of a positive capacitor of the first calibration capacitor unit, introducing a first voltage difference at two ends of the comparator, comparing the first voltage difference with 0 and outputting a comparison result;

s3: when the comparison result is 1, controlling the capacitance in the positive capacitor array through the logic control unit, and sequentially switching from the highest-order capacitance to the lowest-order capacitance from the lower electrode plate to the reference voltage to the grounding of the lower electrode plate; when the comparison result is 0, controlling the capacitance in the negative capacitor array through the logic control unit, and sequentially switching from the highest-order capacitance to the lowest-order capacitance from the lower electrode plate to the reference voltage to the grounding of the lower electrode plate;

s4: outputting the quantization result D by a comparator_n-1，D_n-2，…，D₀Wherein n is the number of the capacitor units;

s5: obtaining the positive capacitance result D of the first calibration capacitor unit by the formula (1)_{out_p}：

Wherein: d_iFor the non-redundant bit capacitance i, the corresponding quantization result, W_iIs the standard weight value of the non-redundant bit capacitor i, D_rSwitching the corresponding quantization result for the redundancy bit capacitance r, W_rThe standard weighted value of the redundant bit capacitor r;

s6: grounding the lower plate of the negative capacitor of the first calibration capacitor unit, connecting the lower plates of the rest capacitors with reference voltages, introducing a second voltage difference at two ends of the comparator, comparing the second voltage difference with 0 and outputting a comparison result;

s7: repeating S3-S5 to obtain the quantization result D of the negative capacitance of the first calibration capacitor unit_{out_n}：

S8: obtaining a quantization result D of the first calibration capacitor unit by the formula (2)_out：

D_out＝(D_{out_n}-D_{out_p})/2 (2)

S9: the calibration result W' of the first calibration capacitor unit is obtained by equation (3):

W'＝2×D_out-W (3)

wherein, W is a standard weight value of the first calibration capacitor unit; taking the calibration result W' of the first calibration capacitor unit as a calibration weight value of the first calibration capacitor unit to finish the calibration of the first calibration capacitor unit;

s10: and repeating the steps from S1 to S9 to sequentially calibrate the high-order capacitor units of the first-order calibration capacitor unit until all the high-order capacitor units are calibrated.

The digital self-calibration method of the successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter is further improved in that:

the capacitance value C of the positive capacitor/negative capacitor in the first calibration capacitor unit_iComprises the following steps:

wherein: c_minIs the minimum capacitance value of the analog-to-digital converter,

the capacitance mismatch ratio of the positive/negative capacitance in the capacitance unit is calibrated for the first place.

The S9 was replaced with a 9:

a9: repeating S1-S8 for several times to obtain the quantization results D of several first-position calibration capacitor units_outObtaining a plurality of calibration results W' of the first calibration capacitor unit by equation (4):

W'＝2×D_out-W (4)

wherein, W is a standard weight value corresponding to the first calibration capacitor unit; averaging a plurality of calibration results W' of the first calibration capacitor unit to obtain a final calibration result of the first calibration capacitor unit, and taking the final calibration result of the first calibration capacitor unit as a calibration weight value of the first calibration capacitor unit.

The A9 is repeated from S1 to S8 for 500-1000 times.

The capacitors in the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array are respectively provided with at least 1 redundant potential capacitor, and all the capacitors in the positive capacitor array or the negative capacitor array meet the following conditions:

wherein, V_offsetOffset voltage of comparator, W_jIs the standard weight value of the capacitance j.

The positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array each include at least 13 capacitors.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the digital self-calibration device of the successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter ensures that the voltages of the upper electrode plates of capacitors in the capacitor units are kept consistent by closing the calibration switch, the lower electrode plates of the capacitor units to be calibrated are connected with reference voltages or the ground, analog voltage differences can be introduced at the two ends of the comparator through the switching of the reference voltages or the ground, the switching of the lower electrode plates of the rest capacitors to the reference voltages or the ground is controlled through the logic control unit, and then the analog voltage differences introduced by the capacitor units to be calibrated are successively approximated, so that the calibration of the capacitor units to be calibrated is realized.

The invention relates to a digital self-calibration method of a successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter, which obtains a digital code D corresponding to a first voltage difference by quantizing a positive capacitor in a mode of calibrating a high capacitor by using a low capacitor_{out_p}Quantizing the negative capacitance to obtain a digital code D corresponding to the second voltage difference_{out_n}Then to D_{out_p}、D_{out_n}The method for making difference and averaging eliminates the influence of offset voltage of the comparator on the weight value of the calibration capacitor, improves the calibration precision, sequentially calibrates the high-order capacitor units of the first calibration capacitor unit through the low-order capacitor through the multiplexing circuit until all the high-order capacitor units are calibrated, is simple and easy to realize, does not need an additional calibration circuit, and greatly reduces the design complexity of the computing circuit of the digital foreground calibration algorithm.

Furthermore, the initial bit capacitor calibrated by the method is accurately judged according to the mismatch error of the specific process capacitor, so that the calibration process is effectively simplified, and the calibration precision is not lost.

Furthermore, by means of a method of averaging after 500-1000 times of calibration, noise obeys normal distribution with an average value of 0, so that the influence of circuit noise on a calibration capacitance weight value is eliminated, and a more accurate standard weight value is obtained.

Furthermore, a redundant bit capacitor of the DAC capacitor array is set, so that the standard weight value of any capacitor in the capacitor array is larger than the sum of the standard weight value of the low-order capacitor of the capacitor and the offset voltage of the comparator, and the low-order capacitor array can quantize the sum of the high-order capacitor weight value and the offset voltage of the comparator.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a digital self-calibration apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the digital self-calibration method of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the analog-to-digital converter of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph of the INL results of the present invention before calibration;

FIG. 5 is a graph of the INL results after calibration of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a graph of DNL results of the present invention before calibration;

FIG. 7 is a graph of DNL results after calibration according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a graph of multiple ENOB simulation results prior to calibration in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a graph of multiple ENOB simulation results after calibration of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

referring to fig. 1, in one aspect of the present invention, a successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter capacitance digital self-calibration apparatus includes a positive capacitance array and a negative capacitance array that are complementary to each other, and the capacitance digital self-calibration apparatus includes a calibration switch, a comparator, a register, and a logic control unit; corresponding complementary capacitors in the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array form a capacitor unit, and the capacitance values of all capacitors in the capacitor unit are equal; the upper polar plates of all capacitors in the positive capacitor array are connected with the first input end of the comparator and the first end of the calibration switch, and the lower polar plates are connected with reference voltage or ground; the upper polar plates of all capacitors in the negative capacitor array are connected with the second input end of the comparator and the second end of the calibration switch, and the lower polar plates are connected with reference voltage or ground; the output end of the comparator is connected with the logic control unit, and the logic control unit is connected with both the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array; the logic control unit is used for switching a lower electrode plate of the capacitor to reference voltage or ground, and the register is used for registering a calibrated weight value of the capacitor after calibration.

Referring to fig. 2, in another aspect of the present invention, a method for digital self-calibration of capacitance of a successive approximation analog-to-digital converter includes the following steps:

s1: and connecting the lower plates of all capacitors of the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array with a reference voltage and closing the calibration switch.

S2: disconnecting the calibration switch, selecting a first calibration capacitor unit, grounding a lower pole plate of a positive capacitor of the first calibration capacitor unit, introducing a first voltage difference at two ends of the comparator, comparing the first voltage difference with 0 and outputting a comparison result; capacitance C of positive capacitor/negative capacitor in first calibration capacitor unit_iComprises the following steps:

wherein: c_minIs the minimum capacitance value of the analog-to-digital converter,

the capacitance mismatch ratio of the positive/negative capacitance in the capacitance unit is calibrated for the first place.

S3: when the comparison result is 1, controlling the capacitance in the positive capacitor array through the logic control unit, and sequentially switching from the highest-order capacitance to the lowest-order capacitance from the lower electrode plate to the reference voltage to the grounding of the lower electrode plate; when the comparison result is 0, controlling the capacitance in the negative capacitor array through the logic control unit, and sequentially switching from the highest-order capacitance to the lowest-order capacitance from the lower electrode plate to the reference voltage to the grounding of the lower electrode plate;

s4: outputting the quantization result D by a comparator_n-1，D_n-2，…，D₀Wherein n is the number of the capacitor units;

s5: obtaining the positive capacitance result D of the first calibration capacitor unit by the formula (1)_{out_p}：

Wherein: d_iFor the non-redundant bit capacitance i, the corresponding quantization result, W_iIs the standard weight value of the non-redundant bit capacitor i, D_rSwitching the corresponding quantization result for the redundancy bit capacitance r, W_rThe standard weighted value of the redundant bit capacitor r;

s6: grounding the lower plate of the negative capacitor of the first calibration capacitor unit, connecting the lower plates of the rest capacitors with reference voltages, introducing a second voltage difference at two ends of the comparator, comparing the second voltage difference with 0 and outputting a comparison result;

s7: repeating S3-S5 to obtain the quantization result D of the negative capacitance of the first calibration capacitor unit_{out_n}：

S8: obtaining a quantization result D of the first calibration capacitor unit by the formula (2)_out：

D_out＝(D_{out_n}-D_{out_p})/2 (2)

S9: the calibration result W' of the first calibration capacitor unit is obtained by equation (3):

W'＝2×D_out-W (3)

wherein, W is a standard weight value of the first calibration capacitor unit; and taking the calibration result W' of the first calibration capacitor unit as a calibration weight value of the first calibration capacitor unit to finish the calibration of the first calibration capacitor unit.

The step S9 may be replaced with a 9:

a9: repeating S1-S8 for a plurality of times, preferably 500-1000 times, and most preferably 512 times to obtain the quantization results D of the first calibration capacitor units_outObtaining a plurality of calibration results W' of the first calibration capacitor unit by equation (4):

W'＝2×D_out-W (4)

wherein, W is a standard weight value corresponding to the first calibration capacitor unit; averaging a plurality of calibration results W' of the first calibration capacitor unit to obtain a final calibration result of the first calibration capacitor unit, and taking the final calibration result of the first calibration capacitor unit as a calibration weight value of the first calibration capacitor unit.

S10: and repeating the steps from S1 to S9 to sequentially calibrate the high-order capacitor units of the first-order calibration capacitor unit until all the high-order capacitor units are calibrated.

The principles of the present invention are described in detail below:

the digital self-calibration method is described by taking a capacitor array consisting of 13 capacitors as an example.

A binary redundant bit is adopted as a redundant design of the capacitor array, and a differential input structure is adopted for input, so that the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array are designed to be used as a complementary capacitor pair. The positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array respectively comprise at least 13 capacitors, the 13 positive capacitors are sorted from large to small, and are sequentially C13p, C12p, … and C0p, and the corresponding weights are BW13p, BW12p, … and BW0 p; the 13 negative capacitors are sorted from large to small, and sequentially comprise C13n, C12n, … and C0n, and the corresponding weights are BW13n, BW12n, … and BW0 n. Normalization is done using unit capacitance weights, so BW0p — BW0n — 1. The comparison result generated by the comparator of the analog-to-digital converter corresponds to each bit capacitance b13, b12, …, b 0. The capacitance weight values W13, W12, … and W0 of the analog-to-digital converter are stored in a register, the capacitance weight values can be changed in three ways of resetting, calibrating and register writing, and a calibrating result and a quantifying result can be calculated through the capacitance weight values and a comparator result in the quantifying and calibrating processes. The capacitance weight value is a value used in calculation, and the capacitance weight is an actual weight corresponding to each bit of capacitance of the capacitor array. The capacitors in the positive capacitor array and the negative capacitor array are respectively provided with at least 1 redundant potential capacitor, and all the capacitors in the positive capacitor array or the negative capacitor array meet the following conditions:

wherein, V_offsetOffset voltage of comparator, W_jIs the standard weight value of the capacitance j.

Referring to fig. 3, the working flow of the successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter specifically includes the following steps:

1) the default state is reset prior to power-up.

2) Operation before starting: and configuring interrupt enable, reference and other registers.

3) Configuring startup: after starting up, the A/D converter enters a starting preparation state and enters a standby state after lasting for 5 us.

4) And (3) operation after starting: and configuring calibration enabling, and configuring the average times during calibration, wherein the calibration can be processed by internal hardware or external software.

5) And collecting calibration data.

6) And (4) normal quantification: and (4) when the accuracy or linearity can not reach the index, reconfiguring the calibration enable according to the normal quantization result, and starting calibration again.

Because the mismatch rate of different capacitors is related to the area, the larger the area is, the larger the mismatch is, and the calibration method needs to select a proper capacitor as a first capacitor to be calibrated according to the requirements of a capacitor process. According to a mismatch curve given by the capacitance process matching, the mismatch rate of different capacitances can be calculated by combining the areas of the capacitances, so that the capacitance with the first position capable of quantifying the capacitance mismatch can be calculated, and the capacitance is used as the first capacitance to be calibrated. The specific calculation method comprises the following steps:

wherein, C_iFor the first capacitance to be calibrated, C_minThe minimum capacitance for the DAC is the minimum capacitance,

is the capacitance mismatch ratio of the capacitance.

In this embodiment, the seventh bit capacitor is taken as the first to-be-calibrated capacitor, and the specific calibration steps are as follows:

step A: all capacitor bottom plates are connected with reference voltage (Vref), and the calibration switch phi SH _ CALIB is closed at the same time. The voltages of the upper plates of the positive capacitor and the negative capacitor are kept consistent.

And B: the calibration switch φ SH _ CALIB is opened.

And C: capacitor C to be calibrated_7pAnd the grounding and the rest capacitance switches are not changed. At this time, due to the switching of the first calibration capacitor, the voltage at the two ends of the comparator generates a voltage difference, which can be expressed as:

step D: the lower pole plate of the capacitor is controlled by the SAR logic control unit to switch the reference voltage or the ground, the analog voltage introduced by switching the first calibration capacitor switch is gradually approached, quantization is carried out, and the output result D of the comparator is obtained₁₂，D₁₁，…，D₀。

Step E: and calculating a quantization result Dout _ p, wherein a specific calculation formula is as follows:

step F: capacitor C to be calibrated_7nGround, C_7pAnd the other capacitance switches are connected with the reference voltage, and the voltage at the two ends of the comparator is generatedA voltage difference, which can be expressed as:

step G: through the switching of the SAR logic control unit, the analog voltage introduced by the switching of the capacitance switch to be calibrated is successively approximated, and the quantization is carried out to obtain the output result d of the comparator₁₂，d₁₁，…，d₀。

Step H, calculating a quantization result Dout _ n, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:

step I: the influence of offset voltage of the comparator is eliminated, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:

D_out＝(D_{out_n}-D_{out_p})/2

step J: calculating a calibration result W₇' the specific calculation formula is: w₇′＝2×D_out-W₇。

Step K: repeating steps A to J to calibrate the average of the capacitors in the same bit 512 times as the capacitor C₇Is stored in a register as a weight in the normal operation mode. After the calibration is completed for this bit, the next bit of capacitors needs to be calibrated until all the high-order capacitors are calibrated.

The weight calibration method of the invention reuses the quantization calculation unit of the successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter, thereby reducing the circuit area. Meanwhile, the low-order capacitor can quantize the weight of the high-order capacitor by using the existence of the redundant bit, and further the digital foreground calibration is completed. Fig. 4 and 6 are simulation diagrams of INL and DNL before calibration, and fig. 5 and 7 are simulation diagrams of INL and DNL after calibration, wherein DNL is reduced from +/-1.5 LSB to +/-0.8 LSB, and INL is reduced from +/-20 LSB to +/-2 LSB, and linearity is greatly improved. Fig. 8 and 9 are graphs showing how the ENOB changes after multiple simulations before and after calibration, where the ENOB is increased from about 11bits to about 14 bits.

The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.