blasting method for medium-length hole subsection differential collapse

文档序号：1693034 发布日期：2019-12-10 浏览：34次中文

阅读说明：本技术 一种中深孔分段微差塌落的***方法 (blasting method for medium-length hole subsection differential collapse ) 是由尹芝足王爱民王朝辉范鲁丰关晓锋康福军于 2019-09-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种中深孔分段微差塌落的爆破方法,目标爆破对象的炮孔排数≥1,每排炮孔的数量≥2,爆破步骤包括：依次确定目标爆破对象的第m排炮孔的单孔装药量Qm；依次根据Qm,确定第m排炮孔的单孔分层数量nm；依次根据Qm和nm,确定目标爆破对象的第m排炮孔的装药结构；其中,炮孔的第i层包括第i装药段和第i填塞段,第i填塞段位于第i装药段的上方；依次根据装药结构,确定目标爆破对象的第m排炮孔的装药方式并进行施工；然后确定目标爆破对象的微差起爆顺序,对目标爆破对象进行爆破。上述的爆破方法能够将爆破前冲距离控制在一倍爆破台阶高度以内的同时,还提高了爆破质量。(m m m m m the invention discloses a blasting method for medium-length hole subsection differential collapse, wherein the row number of blast holes of a target blasting object is more than or equal to 1, and the number of each row of blast holes is more than or equal to 2.)

1. A blasting method for medium-length hole subsection differential collapse is characterized in that the row number of blast holes of a target blasting object is more than or equal to 1, the number of blast holes in each row is more than or equal to 2, and the blasting method comprises the following steps;

Sequentially determining the single-hole loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes of the target blasting object_mM is more than or equal to 1 and is a positive integer, and values of 1, 2, 3 and … are sequentially selected;

Sequentially according to the single-hole explosive loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes_mdetermining the number n of single-hole layers of the mth row of blast holes_mWherein n is_mNot less than 2 and is a positive integer;

According to the single-hole medicine loading quantity Q in sequence_mAnd the number n of layers of said single hole_mDetermining the charging structure of the mth row of blast holes of the target blasting object; wherein the ith layer in the blast hole comprises an ith charge segment and an ith filling segment, the ith filling segment is positioned above the ith charge segment, and i is more than or equal to 1 and is more than or equal to n_mAnd i is a positive integer;

Determining the charging mode of the m-th row of blast holes of the target blasting object according to the charging structure in sequence and carrying out construction;

Determining a differential detonation sequence of the target blasting object, specifically as follows:

The first detonation sections of all the blast holes are the nth explosion section positioned at the bottommost part of the blast holes_mThe first explosive section of a preset blast hole in the first row of blast holes is detonated first;

After the ith charge section of the blast hole is detonated at the (i + 1) th charge section below the blast hole, a first preset time delta T is elapsed₁Then detonated, said Δ T₁Is in the range of (5 XL)_i)～(6×L_i)；1≤i≤n_m-1, and i is a positive integer;

The first detonation section of the blast holes in the same row is detonated and then passes through a second preset time delta T after the first detonation section of the adjacent blast holes in the same row is detonated₂Then detonated, said Δ T₂Is in the range of (3 xw)₁)～(4×w₁)；

The first detonation segments of blast holes in different rows are detonated and then subjected to a third preset time delta T after the first detonation segments of adjacent blast holes in the rows are detonated₃then detonated, said Δ T₃the value range of (1) is (5 xb) to (7 xb);

Wherein, the first row of blast holes is the row of blast holes closest to the upper side line of the blasting step slope surface, and L_iFor the length of the ith stuffer segment, w₁the length of a minimum resistant line of the 1 st charge section of the first row of blast holes; b is the row spacing of two adjacent rows of blast holes;

and blasting the target blasting object according to the differential detonation sequence.

2. a method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein the determining in sequence the single hole loadings Q of the mth row of blastholes of the target blast object is performed_mThe method comprises the following steps:

when m is equal to 1, loading the medicine quantity Q of the preset single hole₁₁Determining the single-hole loading Q of the 1 st row of blast holes₁The preset single-hole medicine loading quantity Q₁₁＝a×W×L×q；

When m is greater than 1, the compound is,Loading the preset single hole with medicine quantity Q_m1Determining the single-hole loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes_mThe preset single-hole medicine loading quantity Q_m1＝a×b×L×q×k；

wherein, a is the hole interval of blast hole of arranging together, and D is the blast hole diameter, and W is the length of the chassis resistance line of first row blast hole, and L is the blast hole degree of depth, and q is the explosive unit consumption, and k is the increasing coefficient, and the value range is 1.1 ~ 1.2 to satisfy simultaneously between a, D, W: a is more than or equal to 20 XD and less than or equal to 30 XD, W is more than or equal to 20 XD and less than or equal to 30 XD, and a is more than or equal to 0.85 XW and less than or equal to 1.2 XW.

3. A method of blasting according to claim 2,

the preset single-hole medicine loading quantity Q is₁₁Determining the single-hole loading Q of the 1 st row of blast holes₁The method comprises the following steps:

to the preset single-hole medicine loading quantity Q₁₁Correcting to obtain actual single-hole loading quantity Q₁₂Adding the actual single-hole loading quantity Q₁₂Determining the single-hole loading Q of the 1 st row of blast holes₁Wherein Q is₁₂Is [0.85Q ]₁₁,0.95Q₁₁]；

The preset single-hole medicine loading quantity Q is_m1Determining the single-hole loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes_mthe method comprises the following steps:

to the preset single-hole medicine loading quantity Q_m1Correcting to obtain actual single-hole loading quantity Q_m2Adding the actual single-hole loading quantity Q_m2Determining the single-hole loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes_mWherein Q is_m2is [0.85Q ]_m1,0.95Q_m1]。

4. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein the individual hole loadings Q are determined in said order according to said m-th row of blastholes_mdetermining the number n of single-hole layers of the mth row of blast holes_mThe method comprises the following steps:

if the blasting vibration of the target blasting object is controlled within the blasting safety allowable particle vibration speed, the number n of single-hole layers of the mth row of blast holes_m＝Q_m′/Q_maxAnd/or:

If the maximum blasting forward stroke distance of the target blasting object is controlled to be within p times of the height of the blasting step, the single-hole layering number n of the mth row of blast holes_m＝3/p；

Wherein n is_mTaking an integer and when n_mWhen the remainder of the value is 0.1 or more, n_mRounding by one bit; if the blasting vibration and the maximum blasting forward stroke distance are controlled simultaneously, n is_mTaking the larger value of the two; q_maxIs the maximum single-segment loading amount; p is more than 0 and less than 3.

5. A method of blasting according to claim 4, wherein the sequence is dependent on the loading Q of said single hole_mAnd the number n of layers of said single hole_mDetermining the charging structure of the mth row of blast holes of the target blasting object, which comprises the following steps:

When m is 1, the number n of layers is determined according to the single hole₁Determining the charging structure of the 1 st row of blast holes of the target blasting object as follows:

1 st stemming length L of 1 st layer of blast hole₁Length h of the 1 st charge segment₁And the charge amount Q of the 1 st charge section₁Simultaneously, the following requirements are met: h is₁≤L₁，L₁≥w₁And Q₁＝w₁×a×(h₁+L₁)×q；

Length L of ith stuffing section of ith layer of blast hole_iLength h of ith charge segment_iAnd the charge amount Q of the ith charge section_iSimultaneously, the following requirements are met: l is_i<h_i，L_i> 10 XD and Q_i＝w_i×a×(h_i+L_i)×q，1＜i≤n₁-1 and i is a positive integer;

N th of blast hole₁N th of layer₁Length L of packing segment_n1N th₁length h of charge section_n1and n is₁Charge Q of charge section_n1simultaneously, the following requirements are met: h is_n1≤L_n1，L_n1≥w_n1And Q_i＝w_n1×W×(h_n1+L_n1)×q；

When m is more than 1, the number n of layers is divided according to the single hole_mdetermining the charging structure of the mth row of blast holes of the target blasting object as follows:

Length L of ith filling segment of mth layer of blast hole_ilength h of ith charge segment_iAnd the charge amount Q of the ith charge section_iSimultaneously, the following requirements are met: l is_i<h_i，L_i> 10 XD and Q_i＝b×a×(h_i+L_i)×q×k，1＜i≤n_m-1 and i is a positive integer;

N-th of the m-th row of blast holes_mLength L of packing segment_nmN th_mLength h of charge section_nmAnd n is_mCharge Q of charge section_nmSimultaneously, the following requirements are met: h is_nm≤L_nm，L_nm≥w_nmAnd Q_nm＝b×a×(h_nm+L_nm)×q×k。

6. A method of blasting according to claim 5, wherein after determining the charge configuration of the mth row of blastholes of the target blasting object, further comprising:

When m is 1, it is judged whether or not 0.85 × a × W × L × Q ≦ Q₁+Q₂+…+Q_n1not more than 0.95 × a × W × L × q, and H₁≤L/n₁，H₂≤L/n₁，……，H_n1≤L/n₁And H is₁+H₂+……+H_n1≤L；

If yes, the h is added₁，h₂，…，h_n1，L₁，L₂，…，L_n1And Q₁，Q₂，…，Q_n1Confirming the charging structure of the 1 st row of blast holes as a target blasting object;

If not, adjusting the charging structure of the 1 st row of blast holes of the target blasting object until the charging structure meets the condition that Q is more than or equal to 0.85 × a × W × L × Q₁+Q₂+…+Q_n1Not more than 0.95 × a × W × L × q, and H₁≤L/n₁，H₂≤L/n₁，……，H_n1≤L/n₁And H is₁+H₂+……+H_n1≤L；

When m > 1, it is judged whether or not 0.85 × a × b × L × Q × k is equal to or less than Q₁+Q₂+…+Q_nmNot more than 0.95 × a × b × L × q × k, and H₁≤L/n_m，H₂≤L/n_m，……，H_nm≤L/n_mAnd H is₁+H₂+……+H_nm≤L；

If yes, the h is added₁，h₂，…，h_nm，L₁，L₂，…，L_nmAnd Q₁，Q₂，…，Q_nmConfirming the charging structure of the m-th row of blast holes as a target blasting object;

If not, adjusting the charging structure of the m-th row of blast holes of the target blasting object until the charging structure meets the condition that Q is more than or equal to 0.85 × a × b × L × Q × k₁+Q₂+…+Q_nmNot more than 0.95 × a × b × L × q × k, and H₁≤L/n_m，H₂≤L/n_m，……，H_nm≤L/n_mAnd H is₁+H₂+……+H_nm≤L；

Wherein H is the blasting step height; h_iIs the total height of the ith layer in the blast hole, H_i＝h_i+L_i。

7. A method of blasting according to claim 6, wherein the adjusting the charge configuration of row 1 blastholes of the target blast object comprises at least one of: increasing the depth L of blast holes, reducing the hole spacing a and reducing the length W of a resisting line of the chassis;

The method for adjusting the charging structure of the m-th row of blast holes of the target blasting object comprises at least one of the following schemes: the depth L of blast holes is increased, the hole spacing a is reduced, and the chassis resistance line W is reduced.

8. A blasting method according to claim 6, wherein the determining and constructing of the charging pattern of the mth row of blastholes of the target blasting object according to the charging structure comprises:

sequentially installing explosive columns on the ith explosive charging section of the ith layer of the blast hole from the bottom to the top of the blast hole, wherein the height of the explosive column of the ith explosive charging section is less than or equal to h_i(ii) a The detonator for detonation is firmly assembled to the detonating body, the detonating body is arranged in the middle of the explosive column of the ith charging section, and the detonator for detonation is led out of the blast hole; after the ith charge section is installed, filling solid materials in the ith filling section above the ith charge section, wherein the height of the solid materials is equal to L_i(ii) a Wherein i takes the values n in turn_m，n_m-1，n_m-2，……，1；

And connecting the detonating detonators according to the differential detonating sequence.

9. A method of blasting according to claim 8, wherein the i-th loading section above the i-th charge section is filled with solid material comprising:

Judging whether water exists in the blast hole or not;

If yes, filling water-permeable broken stones in the ith filling section, wherein the diameter of the water-permeable broken stones is smaller than 10 mm;

If not, filling rock slag, building sand or broken stone with the diameter less than 10mm in the ith filling section.

10. A method of blasting according to any one of claims 1 to 9,

Blasting the target blasting object by the 1 st row of blast holes according to the differential blasting sequence;

And any one row or combination of a plurality of rows of blast holes from the 2 nd row to the m th row is confirmed, and the target blasting object is blasted according to the differential detonation sequence.

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of engineering geotechnical blasting, in particular to a medium-length hole subsection differential collapse blasting method.

Background

Medium-length hole blasting is a blasting mode widely adopted in China at present and used for projects such as surface mines or geotechnical engineering and the like. The medium-length hole blasting refers to the blasting of blast holes with the diameter of more than 50mm and the depth of more than 5m, and has the characteristics of high safety guarantee degree, good operation condition, high mining capacity and high production efficiency. In the blasting process adopted in the prior surface mine or geotechnical engineering, in order to ensure that a transport road in front of a blasting area and equipment facilities which cannot be dismantled or moved are prevented from being damaged, the blasting forward stroke distance needs to be effectively controlled. According to the blasting experience of the surface mine in China, the value range of the blast distance A before slag removal blasting of the medium-length hole step is within (2 XH-3 XH), wherein H is the height of the blasting step. Generally, the height H of a blasting step on site is high, and the control of the blasting forward stroke distance A according to the general 2 XH-3 XH cannot completely guarantee the safety of facilities in front, so the requirement of controlling the blasting forward stroke distance within (1 XH) is required, and the traditional blasting method can only be realized by reducing the blasting loose coefficient of blast holes in the front row, and the blasting quality problems of root, large blocks and the like are easily caused. In order to solve the problems, a new medium-length hole blasting method is needed to achieve the purposes of controlling blasting preshoot within 1 × H, improving blasting quality, avoiding root bottom and large block and effectively controlling blasting harmful effects.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a blasting method for medium-length hole subsection differential collapse, which aims to solve or partially solve the technical problems that the conventional blasting method cannot control the blasting forward stroke distance within 1 multiplied by H, improve the blasting quality and avoid root bottom and large blocks.

in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a blasting method for medium-length hole subsection micro-differential collapse, the row number of blast holes of a target blasting object is more than or equal to 1, the number of blast holes in each row is more than or equal to 2, and the blasting method comprises the following steps:

The single-hole explosive loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes is sequentially determined_mDetermining the number n of single-hole layers of the mth row of blast holes_mWherein n is_mNot less than 2 and is a positive integer;

according to the single-hole medicine loading quantity Q in sequence_mAnd the number of single-hole layers n_mDetermining the charging structure of the mth row of blast holes of the target blasting object; wherein, the ith layer in the blast hole comprises an ith charge section and an ith filling section, the ith filling section is positioned above the ith charge section, and i is more than or equal to 1 and is more than or equal to n_mAnd i is a positive integer;

Determining the charging mode of the m-th row of blast holes of the target blasting object according to the charging structure in sequence and constructing;

determining a differential detonation sequence of a target blasting object, specifically as follows:

the first detonation sections of all the blast holes are the nth explosion section positioned at the bottommost part of the blast holes_mThe explosive charging section is detonated at first initiation of a preset blast hole in the first row of blast holes;

After the ith charge section of the blast hole is detonated at the (i + 1) th charge section below the blast hole, the first preset time delta T is passed₁Then initiated, Δ T₁Is in the range of (5 XL)_i)～(6×L_i)；1≤i≤n_m-1, and i is a positive integer;

The first detonation segment of the blast holes in the same row is detonated and then passes through a second preset time delta T after the first detonation segment of the adjacent blast holes in the same row is detonated₂Then initiated, Δ T₂Is in the range of (3 xw)₁)～(4×w₁)；

The first detonation sections of the blast holes in different rows are detonated and then subjected to third preset time delta T after the first detonation sections of the adjacent blast holes in the rows are detonated₃then initiated, Δ T₃The value range of (1) is (5 xb) to (7 xb);

wherein, the first row of blast holes is closest to the upper part of the slope of the blasting stepLine of holes, L_ifor the length of the ith stuffer segment, w₁The length of a minimum resistant line of the 1 st charge section of the first row of blast holes; b is the row spacing of two adjacent rows of blast holes;

And blasting the target blasting object according to the differential detonation sequence.

optionally, the single-hole loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes of the target blasting object is determined in sequence_mThe method comprises the following steps:

When m is equal to 1, loading the medicine quantity Q of the preset single hole₁₁Determining the single-hole loading Q of the 1 st row of blast holes₁presetting the single-hole medicine loading quantity Q₁₁＝a×W×L×q；

When m is more than 1, presetting the single-hole medicine loading quantity Q_m1Determining the single-hole loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes_mpresetting the single-hole medicine loading quantity Q_m1＝a×b×L×q×k；

Wherein, a is the hole interval of blast hole of arranging together, and D is the blast hole diameter, and W is the length of the chassis resistance line of first row blast hole, and L is the blast hole degree of depth, and q is the explosive unit consumption, and k is the increasing coefficient, and the value range is 1.1 ~ 1.2 to satisfy simultaneously between a, D, W: a is more than or equal to 20 XD and less than or equal to 30 XD, W is more than or equal to 20 XD and less than or equal to 30 XD, and a is more than or equal to 0.85 XW and less than or equal to 1.2 XW.

Further, the preset single-hole medicine loading quantity Q is set₁₁Determining the single-hole loading Q of the 1 st row of blast holes₁The method comprises the following steps:

To preset single hole charge Q₁₁Correcting to obtain actual single-hole loading quantity Q₁₂The actual single-hole medicine loading quantity Q₁₂determining the single-hole loading Q of the 1 st row of blast holes₁Wherein Q is₁₂Is [0.85Q ]₁₁,0.95Q₁₁]；

Loading the preset single hole with medicine quantity Q_m1Determining the single-hole loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes_mThe method comprises the following steps:

To preset single hole charge Q_m1Correcting to obtain actual single-hole loading quantity Q_m2The actual single-hole medicine loading quantity Q_m2Determining the single-hole loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes_mWherein Q is_m2is [0.85Q ]_m1,0.95Q_m1]。

As aboveAccording to the technical scheme, the single-hole charge Q of the m-th row of blast holes is sequentially determined_mDetermining the number n of single-hole layers of the mth row of blast holes_mthe method comprises the following steps:

If the blasting vibration of the target blasting object is controlled within the blasting safety allowable particle vibration speed, the single-hole layering number n of the mth row of blast holes_m＝Q_m′/Q_maxAnd/or:

if the maximum blasting forward impact distance of the control target blasting object is within p times of the height of the blasting step, the single-hole layering number n of the mth row of blast holes_m＝3/p；

Wherein n is_mTaking an integer and when n_mwhen the remainder of the value is 0.1 or more, n_mrounding by one bit; if the blasting vibration and the maximum blasting forward stroke distance are controlled simultaneously, n_mTaking the larger value of the two; q_maxIs the maximum single-segment loading amount; p is more than 0 and less than 3.

Further, the single-hole medicine loading quantity Q is sequentially determined_mAnd the number of single-hole layers n_mDetermining the charging structure of the mth row of blast holes of the target blasting object, comprising:

when m is 1, the number n of layers is determined according to the single hole₁Determining the charging structure of the 1 st row of blast holes of the target blasting object as follows:

N th of blast hole₁N th of layer₁Length L of packing segment_n1n th₁length h of charge section_n1And n is₁Charge Q of charge section_n1simultaneously, the following requirements are met: h is_n1≤L_n1，L_n1≥w_n1And Q_i＝w_n1×W×(h_n1+L_n1)×q；

When m is more than 1, the number of layers n is determined according to the single hole_mDetermining the charging structure of the mth row of blast holes of the target blasting object as follows:

1 st stemming length L of 1 st layer of blast hole₁length h of the 1 st charge segment₁And the charge amount Q of the 1 st charge section₁simultaneously, the following requirements are met: h is₁≤L₁，L₁≥w₁And Q₁＝b×a×(h₁+L₁)×q×k；

Length L of ith filling segment of mth layer of blast hole_iLength h of ith charge segment_iAnd the charge amount Q of the ith charge section_iSimultaneously, the following requirements are met: l is_i<h_i，L_i> 10 XD and Q_i＝b×a×(h_i+L_i)×q×k，1＜i≤n_m-1 and i is a positive integer;

Further, after the charging structure of the m-th row of blast holes of the target blasting object is determined, the method further comprises the following steps:

When m is 1, it is judged whether or not 0.85 × a × W × L × Q ≦ Q₁+Q₂+…+Q_n1Not more than 0.95 × a × W × L × q, and H₁≤L/n₁，H₂≤L/n₁，……，H_n1≤L/n₁And H is₁+H₂+……+H_n1≤L；

If so, h is₁，h₂，…，h_n1，L₁，L₂，…，L_n1And Q₁，Q₂，…，Q_n1confirming the charging structure of the 1 st row of blast holes as a target blasting object;

when m > 1, it is judged whether or not 0.85 × a × b × L × Q × k is equal to or less than Q₁+Q₂+…+Q_nmNot more than 0.95 × a × b × L × q × k, and H₁≤L/n_m，H₂≤L/n_m，……，H_nm≤L/n_mAnd H is₁+H₂+……+H_nm≤L；

If so, h is₁，h₂，…，h_nm，L₁，L₂，…，L_nmAnd Q₁，Q₂，…，Q_nmConfirming the charging structure of the m-th row of blast holes as a target blasting object;

Wherein H is the blasting step height; h_iIs the total height of the ith layer in the blast hole, H_i＝h_i+L_i。

Further, the method for adjusting the charging structure of the row 1 blast hole of the target blasting object comprises at least one of the following schemes: increasing the depth L of blast holes, reducing the hole spacing a and reducing the length W of a resisting line of the chassis;

The method for adjusting the charging structure of the m row of blast holes of the target blasting object comprises at least one of the following schemes: the depth L of blast holes is increased, the hole spacing a is reduced, and the chassis resistance line W is reduced.

Further, according to the charging structure, determining the charging mode of the mth row of blast holes of the target blasting object and performing construction, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

Sequentially installing explosive columns on the ith explosive charging section of the ith layer of the blast hole from the bottom to the top of the blast hole, wherein the height of the explosive column of the ith explosive charging section is less than or equal to h_i(ii) a The detonator for detonation is firmly assembled to the detonating body, the detonating body is arranged in the middle of the explosive column of the ith explosive charging section, and the detonator for detonation is led out of the blast hole; after the ith charge section is installed, the ith filling section above the ith charge section is filled with solid materials, and the height of the solid materials is equal to L_i(ii) a Wherein i takes the values n in turn_m，n_m-1，n_m-2，……，1；

And connecting the detonators for detonation according to the differential detonation sequence.

Further, an ith packing section above the ith charge section is filled with solid material, including:

Judging whether water exists in the blast hole or not;

If yes, filling water-permeable broken stones in the ith filling section, wherein the diameter of the water-permeable broken stones is smaller than 10 mm;

If not, filling rock slag, building sand or broken stone with the diameter less than 10mm in the ith filling section.

According to the technical scheme, the 1 st row of blast holes blast the target blasting object according to the differential detonation sequence;

Through one or more technical schemes of the invention, the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:

The invention provides a blasting method for medium-length hole subsection differential collapse, which comprises the steps of layering blast holes, dividing each layer into a charging section and a filling section, then determining a differential initiation sequence, controlling the first initiation sections of all the blast holes to be the charging sections positioned at the bottoms of the blast holes, initiating from the first initiation section of the preset blast holes in a first row of the blast holes, and then sequentially spacing other charging sections in the blast holes by delta T₁Detonating sequentially from bottom to top; the first of the adjacent blast holes in the same rowA detonation section is separated by delta T after detonation in a first detonation section of a preset blast hole₂Initiating after time; after explosion of a first explosion section of blast holes adjacent to the preset blast hole in the next row of blast holes at the first explosion section of the preset blast hole, the interval delta T is formed₃And initiating detonation after time. The blasting quality can be improved by the sectional micro-difference collapse initiation method from the following three aspects, and the blasting forward impact distance is reduced to be within one time of the height of a blasting step: blasting is started from the bottom of the blast hole, and a section of explosive column at the bottom only has a free surface in the direction of the minimum resistance line, so that rocks in the direction of the resistance line of the chassis can be damaged to the maximum extent, the utilization rate of blasting energy is improved, and the problem of root bottom is solved, thereby improving the blasting quality; the scattered rock mass is blasted at the bottom of the blast hole, so that the impact resistance buffering effect can be generated on the rock mass blasted at the top, the rolling distance between the forward impact and the blasted rock is reduced, and meanwhile, the rocks are mutually collided and damaged, so that the generation of large blocks is reduced; after the bottom explosive column is blasted, the direction of the minimum resistance line at the top is changed, forward impact control and flyrock direction control are facilitated, the number of free surfaces in the non-blasting forward impact direction is increased, and the blasting quality is improved.

The invention provides a blasting method for medium-length hole subsection differential collapse, which comprises the steps of segmenting blast holes through explosive loading, then determining a differential initiation sequence, controlling the first explosive sections of all blast holes to be explosive loading sections positioned at the bottoms of the blast holes, initiating from the first explosive section of the preset blast holes in the first row of blast holes, and then sequentially spacing other explosive sections in the blast holes by delta T₁Detonating sequentially from bottom to top; after explosion interval delta T of the first explosion segment of the blast holes in the same row of nearest neighbor in the first explosion segment of the preset blast holes₂Initiating after time; the interval delta T is formed after the first detonation segment of the blast hole which is nearest to the preset blast hole in the next row of blast holes explodes at the first detonation segment of the preset blast hole₃And initiating detonation after time. The blasting quality can be improved by the sectional micro-difference collapse initiation method from the following three aspects, and the blasting forward impact distance is reduced to be within one time of the height of a blasting step: blasting is started from the bottom of the blast hole, and the bottom section of the explosive column only has a free surface in the direction of the minimum resistance line at the moment, so that the most part of the free surface can be generated on rocks in the direction of the resistance line of the chassisThe blasting quality is improved by greatly damaging, improving the utilization rate of blasting energy and overcoming the problem of root bottom; the scattered rock mass is blasted at the bottom of the blast hole, so that the impact resistance buffering effect can be generated on the rock mass blasted at the top, the rolling distance between the forward impact and the blasted rock is reduced, and meanwhile, the rocks are mutually collided and damaged, so that the generation of large blocks is reduced; after the bottom explosive column is blasted, the direction of the minimum resistance line at the top is changed, forward impact control and flyrock direction control are facilitated, the number of free surfaces in the non-blasting forward impact direction is increased, and the blasting quality is improved.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a medium-length hole segmented differential collapse blasting method according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of two rows of blastholes according to one embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of blast hole mesh parameters and a charging structure of the medium-length hole subsection micro-differential collapse blasting method according to one embodiment of the invention;

fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a blasthole segment structure and a construction structure of the medium-length hole segment differential collapse blasting method in the embodiment of the invention according to an embodiment of the invention;

Description of reference numerals:

101. the 1 st row of the 1 st blast holes; 102. the 1 st row and the 2 nd blast holes; 101. the 1 st row and the 3 rd blast holes; 104. row 2, blast hole 1; 105. row 2, blast holes 2; 106. the 2 nd row and the 3 rd blast holes;

201. The hole spacing a of blast holes in the same row; 202. the row spacing b of two adjacent rows of blast holes; 203. the depth L of the blast hole; 204. a chassis resistance line W; 205. line of least resistance w of the 1 st charge segment₁(ii) a 206. Line of least resistance w of the 2 nd charge segment₂(ii) a 207. Line of least resistance w of the 3 rd charge segment₃；

301. Length L of segment 1 filling segment₁(ii) a 302. Length h of segment 1 charge segment₁(ii) a 303. Length L of segment 2 stuffing segment₂(ii) a 304. Length h of 2 nd segment charge segment₂(ii) a 305. Length L of segment 3 filling segment₃(ii) a 306. Length h of the 3 rd segment charge segment₃(ii) a 307. A detonating primer; 308. and a detonating body.

Detailed Description

In order to make the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains, the following detailed description of the present application is made with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of specific embodiments.

In order to control blasting by a medium-length hole slag removal step, reduce slag removal blasting forward rush, improve blasting quality, control blasting harmful effect and the like, the invention provides a blasting method for medium-length hole subsection differential collapse, the row number of blast holes of a target blasting object is more than or equal to 1, the number of each row of blast holes is more than or equal to 2, and the blasting method comprises the following steps in combination with the attached drawing 1:

S1: sequentially determining the single-hole loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes of the target blasting object_mM is more than or equal to 1 and is a positive integer, and values of 1, 2, 3 and … are sequentially selected;

S2: the single-hole explosive loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes is sequentially determined_mDetermining the number n of single-hole layers of the mth row of blast holes_mWherein n is_mNot less than 2 and is a positive integer;

S3: according to the single-hole medicine loading quantity Q in sequence_mAnd the number of single-hole layers n_mDetermining the charging structure of the mth row of blast holes of the target blasting object; wherein, the ith layer in the blast hole comprises an ith charge section and an ith filling section, the ith filling section is positioned above the ith charge section, and i is more than or equal to 1 and is more than or equal to n_mAnd i is a positive integer;

S4: determining the charging mode of the m-th row of blast holes of the target blasting object according to the charging structure in sequence and constructing;

S5: determining a differential detonation sequence of a target blasting object, specifically as follows:

After the ith charge section of the blast hole is detonated at the (i + 1) th charge section below the blast hole, the first preset time delta T is passed₁then initiated, Δ T₁Is in the range of (5 XL)_i)～(6×L_i)；1≤i≤n_m-1, and i is a positive integer;

The first detonation segment of the blast holes in the same row is detonated and then passes through a second preset time delta T after the first detonation segment of the adjacent blast holes in the same row is detonated₂then initiated, Δ T₂Is in the range of (3 xw)₁)～(4×w₁)；

The first detonation sections of the blast holes in different rows are detonated and then subjected to third preset time delta T after the first detonation sections of the adjacent blast holes in the rows are detonated₃Then initiated, Δ T₃The value range of (1) is (5 xb) to (7 xb);

Wherein, the first row of blast holes is the row of blast holes closest to the upper side line of the blasting step slope surface, and L_iFor the length of the ith stuffer segment, w₁The length of a minimum resistant line of the 1 st charge section of the first row of blast holes; b is the row spacing of two adjacent rows of blast holes;

s6: and blasting the target blasting object according to the differential detonation sequence.

The sectional micro-difference collapse blasting method provided by the invention is applied to medium-length hole blasting in the field of engineering geotechnical blasting, the diameter of a blast hole is larger than 50mm, and the depth of the blast hole is larger than 5 m; the blastholes are usually arranged in one or more rows in parallel, wherein the blasthole closest to the upper side line of the blasting step slope, namely the blasthole parallel to the upper side line of the step slope and closest to the upper side line of the step slope in a straight line is the first row of blastholes. The blasting method comprises the steps of segmenting blast hole charging, and then controlling the differential blasting time and sequence of the blast holes, wherein the method for controlling the segmented differential blasting time and sequence is specifically set forth as follows:

The target blasting object is detonated in a sequence combining hole-by-hole detonation and single-hole section-by-section detonation, and the number n of single-hole layers of the blasting blastholes is calculated according to the method_mmeans that the blasthole in the m-th row is divided into n_mLayers, e.g. first row of blastholes divided by n₁layer, 2 nd row blast hole is divided into n₂each layer is divided into a charging section and a filling section. The initiation sections of all the blast holes are the charge sections of the last section at the bottommost part of the blast hole (or at the bottom of the blasting step), and the 1 st charge section closest to the ground surface is finally blasted in each blast hole. In a first row of blast holes in the blast area, the first explosive section in a certain preset blast hole, namely the last explosive section at the bottom of the blast hole is detonated first, and then other explosive sections in the preset blast hole explode the rest explosive sections from bottom to top; detonating the first detonating sections of the blast holes in the same row at intervals of inter-hole differential time after the first detonating sections of the nearest blast holes are detonated; and (3) detonating the first initiation section of the blast holes in the back row at the interval row differential time after the first initiation section of the blast holes in the nearest neighbor front row is detonated, and according to the sequence, all the blast holes are detonated in sequence in a hole-by-hole and section detonation sequence. In actual operation, the blast holes in the first row must adopt the above-mentioned sectional differential blasting method, while some blast holes in the later row may adopt the above-mentioned sectional differential blasting, or may be detonated according to a conventional initiation sequence instead of the above-mentioned sequence on the premise of ensuring blasting safety and quality, and is not specifically limited herein.

When the blasting method of the sectional differential collapse is adopted for a certain row of blast holes, the differential interval initiation time of each charging section is controlled as follows:

firstly, setting the detonation time delta T of the micro-difference interval between adjacent blast hole rows₃The horizontal range is within (5ms/m to 7ms/m) x b, inclusive; secondly, setting the inter-hole differential interval detonation time delta T of blast holes in the same row₂the range between the holes is (3 ms/m-4 ms/m) × w₁Within, inclusive of the endpoint values; thirdly, setting vertical direction differential interval detonation time delta T between segments of the same blast hole₁Perpendicular to (5 ms/m-6 ms/m) xL_iIn the above-mentioned manner,Including end point values; l is_iThe length of the ith stuffing section corresponding to the ith charge section is meter, w₁The length of the minimum resistant line of the 1 st charging section of the first row of blast holes is meter; b is the row spacing of two adjacent rows of blast holes, the unit is meter and delta T₁、ΔT₂、ΔT₃The units of (A) are milliseconds and ms; the above elementary error interval detonation times take the minimum endpoint value for brittle rocks and the maximum endpoint value for plastic rocks.

The detonation time delta T of the micro-difference interval between the adjacent blast hole rows₃After the first initiation section of the first blast hole of the previous row is exploded, sequentially exploding the first initiation section of the next row of blast holes adjacent to the detonated first blast hole of the previous row immediately after a certain differential time interval, wherein the differential time interval is the differential interval detonation time between the adjacent blast hole rows, and the adjacent blast holes refer to the blast holes which are closest to the straight line distance of the detonated blast holes of the previous row in the next row; the inter-hole differential interval detonation time delta T exists between any two adjacent blast holes in the same row₂After the first initiation section of one blast hole is detonated, the first initiation section of the adjacent blast holes in the same row is detonated sequentially immediately after a certain differential time interval, wherein the differential time interval is the inter-hole differential interval initiation time, and the adjacent blast holes refer to the blast holes in the same row which are closest to the initiated blast holes in straight line distance and can be two blast holes positioned at two sides of the initiated blast holes; vertical differential interval initiation time delta T exists between two adjacent explosive charging sections of the same blast hole₁That is, after a certain charge section in the blast hole is detonated, the charge section above the nearest neighbor of the detonation section in the same blast hole is detonated in sequence immediately after a certain differential time interval.

In order to intuitively explain the differential initiation sequence in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, two rows of blast holes are specifically explained by taking an example that each row of blast holes includes 3 blast holes, each blast hole is divided into 3 layers, and each layer is divided into a charge segment and a filling segment. The circles in the figure represent blastholes, where 101, 102 and 103 are the first rows of blastholes closest to the upper edge of the step slope, and 104, 105 and 106 are those located behind the first rows of blastholesAnd the second row of blast holes is parallel to each other, and the horizontal distance b between 103 and 106 is the row spacing of two adjacent rows of blast holes. In the implementation of the blasting method for the segmental differential collapse in the embodiment, first, the 3 rd charge segment of the 3 rd layer at the bottom of the blast hole in the 102 blast holes is preset to be initiated first, after the 3 rd charge segment of the 102 blast holes is initiated, the 2 nd charge segment of the 2 nd layer of the 102 blast holes is initiated at interval of vertical differential interval initiation time Δ T after the 3 rd charge segment is initiated₁May be 5 XL_iAfter ms, the explosive is initiated, and the interval delta T is formed after the 1 st explosive section in the 1 st layer of the 102 blast hole is initiated at the 2 nd explosive section₁And detonating after time.

In the first row of blast holes, 101 blast holes and 103 blast holes are all adjacent blast holes in the same row of 102 blast holes, and 3 rd charge sections of the 3 rd layer of 101 blast holes and 103 blast holes are detonated after the 3 rd charge section of 102 blast holes is detonated, wherein the interval hole-to-hole differential interval detonation time delta T is₂May be 3 xw₁After ms, the explosive is initiated, and then the 2 nd charge section and the 1 st charge section of the 101 blast hole and the 103 blast hole are initiated according to the same vertical direction differential interval as that of the 102 blast hole (5 xL)_ims) are sequentially detonated.

in the second row of blastholes, for the 102 blastholes, the 105 blastholes are adjacent blastholes in the rows, the 3 rd charge of the 3 rd layer in the 105 blastholes is detonated, and the initiation time delta T is separated by a slight difference between adjacent rows of blastholes after the 3 rd charge of the 102 blastholes is detonated₃It may be initiated after 5 x b ms, and then the 2 nd and 1 st charge segments of the 105 hole are initiated at the same vertical differential interval as that of the 102 hole (5 x L)_ims) are sequentially detonated.

for 104 blast holes and 106 blast holes, after the 3 rd charge section of 105 blast holes is detonated, the initiation time delta T is separated by the micro-difference between every two holes₂i.e. 3 xw₁ms later, then the 2 nd charge segment and the 1 st charge segment of 104 blastholes and 106 blastholes are initiated according to the same vertical differential interval as that of 102 blastholes (5 xL)_ims) are sequentially detonated.

The invention provides a blasting method for medium-length hole subsection differential collapse, which comprises the steps of layering blast holes, dividing each layer into a charging section and a filling section, then determining a differential detonation sequence,Controlling the first explosive sections of all blast holes to be explosive sections positioned at the bottoms of the blast holes, initiating from the first explosive section of preset blast holes in the first row of blast holes, and then sequentially spacing other explosive sections in the blast holes by delta T₁detonating sequentially from bottom to top; after explosion of the first explosion section of the adjacent blast holes in the same row at the first explosion section of the preset blast hole, the interval delta T is₂initiating after time; after explosion of a first explosion section of blast holes adjacent to the preset blast hole in the next row of blast holes at the first explosion section of the preset blast hole, the interval delta T is formed₃And initiating detonation after time. The blasting quality can be improved by the sectional micro-difference collapse initiation method from the following three aspects, and the blasting forward impact distance is reduced to be within one time of the height of a blasting step: blasting is started from the bottom of the blast hole, and a section of explosive column at the bottom only has a free surface in the direction of the minimum resistance line, so that rocks in the direction of the resistance line of the chassis can be damaged to the maximum extent, the utilization rate of blasting energy is improved, and the problem of root bottom is solved, thereby improving the blasting quality; the scattered rock mass is blasted at the bottom of the blast hole, so that the impact resistance buffering effect can be generated on the rock mass blasted at the top, the rolling distance between the forward impact and the blasted rock is reduced, and meanwhile, the rocks are mutually collided and damaged, so that the generation of large blocks is reduced; after the bottom explosive column is blasted, the direction of the minimum resistance line at the top is changed, forward impact control and flyrock direction control are facilitated, the number of free surfaces in the non-blasting forward impact direction is increased, and the blasting quality is improved.

in the invention, all horizontal row and hole differential interval initiation time is determined according to the principle of the minimum resistance line, vertical differential interval initiation time between the same blast hole sections is determined according to the filling height and the principle of the minimum resistance line, the last section at the bottom of the step is considered to be blasted first, in order to ensure blasting quality and safety, the blasting charge of each section needs to be properly adjusted, and meanwhile, the differential interval time in all aspects is adjusted to different degrees. The charge amount of the blast hole, the control of the charge section of the blast hole, and the confirmation process will be described in detail below.

According to the sectional differential blasting method, the single-hole explosive loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes of the target blasting object needs to be determined in sequence_mThe method comprises the following steps:

When m is equal to 1, loading the medicine quantity Q of the preset single hole₁₁Determining the single-hole loading Q of the 1 st row of blast holes₁Presetting the single-hole medicine loading quantity Q₁₁＝a×W×L×q；

When m is more than 1, presetting the single-hole medicine loading quantity Q_m1Determining the single-hole loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes_mPresetting the single-hole medicine loading quantity Q_m1＝a×b×L×q×k；

The determination of the single-hole explosive loading of the blast hole is obtained by combining a blasting theory and a blasting design standard based on the physical and mechanical properties and geological and topographic conditions of rock and soil to be blasted. Firstly, a first row of blast holes, namely a front row of blast holes closest to a blasting step, is determined, and the hole network area S of the first row of blast holes of an object (hereinafter referred to as a target blasting object) for implementing the medium-length hole subsection micro-differential collapse blasting method is determined₁single hole blasting amount V₁Presetting single-hole medicine loading quantity Q₁₁It can be obtained step by step according to the following calculation:

S₁＝a×W，V₁＝S₁×L，Q₁₁＝q×V₁＝a×W×L×q；

wherein a is the hole spacing of blast holes in the same row, W is a chassis resistance line, L is the blast hole depth, q is the unit consumption of explosive selected according to the physical and mechanical properties of the rock to be blasted, and the requirements of 20 XD (x D) a is not less than 30 XD, 20 XD (x D) W is not less than 30 XD, 0.85 XD (x W) a is not less than 1.2 XW, wherein D is the diameter of the blast hole.

Corresponding mesh area S of the m-th row_mSingle hole blasting amount V_mPresetting single-hole medicine loading quantity Q_m1It can be obtained step by step according to the following calculation:

S_m＝a×b，V_m＝S_m×L，Q_m1＝q×V_m×k＝a×b×L×q×k；

B is the row spacing between two adjacent rows of blast holes, k is the increasing coefficient of rock resistance of each front row of holes in the rear row of holes during multi-row hole blasting, k is 1.1-1.2, usually, a small k value is adopted for a plurality of rows of blast holes in the front, and the rear rows of blast holes are increased appropriately according to actual conditions, and no specific limitation is made herein; in the above formula, q is the powder factor of a unit explosive and should be selected according to the test result of the target blasting object, and the value is related to the rock firmness factor f, and one optional determination mode of k and f is as follows:

Coefficient of rock firmness f	2	3	5	6	8	10	12	14	16	20
											q/(kg/m³)	0.4	0.43	0.46	0.50	0.53	0.56	0.6	0.64	0.67	0.7

Further, the preset single-hole medicine loading quantity Q is set₁₁determining the single-hole loading Q of the 1 st row of blast holes₁the method comprises the following steps:

To preset single hole charge Q₁₁Correcting to obtain actual single-hole loading quantity Q₁₂The actual single-hole medicine loading quantity Q₁₂Determining the single-hole loading Q of the 1 st row of blast holes₁Wherein Q is₁₂Is [0.85Q ]₁₁,0.95Q₁₁]；

loading the preset single hole with medicine quantity Q_m1Determining the single-hole loading Q of the m-th row of blast holes_mThe method comprises the following steps:

The correction of the calculated preset single-hole explosive loading of the blast hole is to ensure the blasting safety and to correct the actual single-hole explosive loading Q of the front row of blast holes₁₂Or properly reduced, actual single-hole charge Q of the back row of blast holes_m2Or properly reducing, determining the actual single-hole loading amount in the range, being beneficial to ensuring that the maximum section loading amount is less than the allowed loading amount, reducing the blasting vibration, overcoming the influence of the joint crack of the front row of holes, and reducing the throwing distance of blasting flyrock and flyrock.

Q₁₂actual value of [0.85Q ]₁₁,0.95Q₁₁]In range, and Q_m2actual value of [0.85Q ]_m1,0.95Q_m1]the range is determined according to an experimental statistical result of a target blasting object, wherein a correction coefficient (0.85-0.95) is valued according to the rock joint crack development, and the relationship table of the shrinkage coefficient of the blasting mesh loading and the rock joint crack development condition is as follows:

Development of rock joint cracks	Development of	Moderate development	Does not develop
				Dereferencing of reduction factor	0.85	0.9	0.95

After the single-hole loading is determined, the number n of single-hole layers of each blast hole is determined_mNumber of layers n_mRepresenting a division of a borehole into n_mAnd (3) a layer.

According to the technical scheme, the single-hole charge Q of the m-th row of blast holes is sequentially determined_mDetermining the number n of single-hole layers of the mth row of blast holes_mThe method comprises the following steps:

If the maximum blasting front impact distance of the target blasting object is controlled to be p times of the height of the blasting stepThe number n of single-hole layers of the m-th row of blast holes_m＝3/p；

Wherein n is_mTaking an integer and when n_mWhen the remainder of the value is 0.1 or more, n_mRounding by one bit; if the blasting vibration and the maximum blasting forward stroke distance are controlled simultaneously, n_mtaking the larger value of the two; q_maxIs the maximum single-segment loading amount; p is more than 0 and less than 3.

In the following detailed description, for the sake of simplicity, the number n of single-hole layers for all blastholes is used_mAnd (3) controlling the maximum blasting forward stroke distance to be within the range of 1 time of the height of the blasting section for explanation.

Optionally, the maximum sectional charge Q of the target blasting object_maxThe specific determination method is as follows:

determining the maximum value Q of each sectional charging quantity according to a related calculation formula in the ' blasting safety regulation ' of the people's republic of China and the vibration speed of blasting safety particles of a protected object required to blast_maxThe safe allowable particle vibration speed determines that:

Wherein R is the blasting vibration safety allowable distance, Q_maxThe maximum single-segment dosage is, V is the safe allowable particle vibration speed of the location of the protected object, and can be selected according to the following table:

K. alpha is a coefficient and a decay index respectively related to the terrain and geological conditions between a blasting point and a protected object, and both are determined by field tests, and under the condition of no test data, the following table can be referred to:

Lithology	K	α
			Hard rock	50～150	1.3～1.5
medium hard rock	150～250	1.5～1.8
			Soft rock	250～350	1.8～2.0

After determining the single-hole loading quantity Q_mAnd the number of single-hole layers n_mThe specific charge configuration of the blasthole is then determined.

When m is 1, the number n of layers is determined according to the single hole₁Determining the charging structure of the 1 st row of blast holes of the target blasting object as follows:

1 st stemming length L of 1 st layer of blast hole₁Length h of the 1 st charge segment₁And the charge amount Q of the 1 st charge section₁simultaneously, the following requirements are met: h is₁≤L₁，L₁≥w₁And Q₁＝w₁×a×(h₁+L₁)×q；

N th of blast hole₁N th of layer₁length L of packing segment_n1N th₁Length h of charge section_n1And n is₁charge Q of charge section_n1Simultaneously, the following requirements are met: h is_n1≤L_n1，L_n1≥w_n1And Q_i＝w_n1×W×(h_n1+L_n1)×q；

When m is more than 1, the number of layers n is determined according to the single hole_mDetermining the charging structure of the mth row of blast holes of the target blasting object as follows:

N-th of the m-th row of blast holes_mLength L of packing segment_nmN th_mLength h of charge section_nmand n is_mcharge Q of charge section_nmSimultaneously, the following requirements are met: h is_nm≤L_nm，L_nm≥w_nmand Q_nm＝b×a×(h_nm+L_nm)×q×k。

By way of example with reference to specific data, the number of single-hole layers n is likewise determined_mAnd (3), controlling the maximum blasting foreimpact distance A to be 1 time of blasting step height: 1H, as shown in FIG. 3, the total length 203 of the first row of blast holes is L, and the blast holes are divided into 3 layers, wherein the layer 1 is closest to the ground surface, the layer 2 is arranged in the middle, the layer 3 is arranged close to the bottom of the blasting step, each layer of blast holes is divided into two sections, and the lower explosive section and the upper filling section are filled in the opposite positionsThe plug section is filled with solid materials, and the charge section is filled with detonated explosives. The hole pitch 201 of the blast holes in the same row is a, the row pitch 202 of the blast holes in two adjacent rows is b, 204 is a chassis resisting line W of the blast holes in the first row, 205 is a charging section h of the 1 st section₁Line of least resistance w₁And 206 is the charge segment h of the 2 nd segment₂Line of least resistance w₂And 207 is the charge segment h of the 3 rd segment₃Line of least resistance w₃. The charging structure of the first row of blast holes is as follows:

Length L of No. 1 filling segment from top to bottom adjacent to earth surface₁Length h of the 1 st charge section₁And the ith padded segment length L therebelow_iAnd an ith charge segment length h_i，2≤i≤3。

in the specific determination, the 1 st filling segment length L₁Length h of the 1 st charge section₁And the charge amount Q of the 1 st charge section₁Simultaneously, the following requirements are met: h is₁≤L₁，L₁≥w₁And Q₁＝w₁×a×(h₁+L₁) X q; wherein, w₁The minimum resistant line length of the 1 st charge segment adjacent the surface.

Length L of No. 2 stuff section₂And a length h of the 2 nd charge section₂And the charge amount Q of the 2 nd charge section₂Satisfy L at the same time₂<h₂，L₂> 10 XD and Q₂＝w₂×a×(h₂+L₂) X q; wherein, w₁The minimum resistant wire length of the 2 nd charge segment.

Length L of No. 3 filling segment at bottom of step₃and a length h of the 3 rd charge section₃And the charge amount Q of the 3 rd charge section₃Simultaneously satisfy h₃≤L₃，L₃≥w₃and Q₃＝w₃×W×(h₃+L₃)×q；w₃The minimum resistant line length of the 3 rd charge section and the chassis resistant line length.

And for the back row blast holes, the charging structures are as follows:

Filling section length 1L 1, charge section length 1h 1 and charge Q of charge section 1₁Simultaneously, the following requirements are met: h is₁≤L₁，L₁≥w₁And Q₁＝b×a×(h₁+L₁)×q×k；

Length L of segment 2 stuffer segment₂Length h of charge section₂And the charge amount Q of the 2 nd charge section₂Simultaneously, the following requirements are met: l is₂<h₂，L₂> 10 XD and Q₂＝b×a×(h₂+L₂)×q×k；

Length L of segment 3 stuffer segment₃Length h of charge section₃And the charge amount Q of the 3 rd charge section₃Simultaneously, the following requirements are met: h is₃≤L₃，L₃≥w₃And Q₃＝b×a×(h₃+L₃)×q×k。

Due to the particle vibration control required by the blasting safety and the control of the maximum blasting foreimpact distance within the range of 1 time of the height H of the blasting section, the charging structure is verified as follows:

Further, after the charging structure of the m-th row of blast holes of the target blasting object is determined, the method further comprises the following steps:

If so, h is₁，h₂，…，h_n1，L₁，L₂，…，L_n1And Q₁，Q₂，…，Q_n1Confirming the charging structure of the 1 st row of blast holes as a target blasting object;

When m > 1, judgingWhether or not 0.85 × a × b × L × Q × k is not more than Q₁+Q₂+…+Q_nmnot more than 0.95 × a × b × L × q × k, and H₁≤L/n_m，H₂≤L/n_m，……，H_nm≤L/n_mAnd H is₁+H₂+……+H_nm≤L；

If so, h is₁，h₂，…，h_nm，L₁，L₂，…，L_nmAnd Q₁，Q₂，…，Q_nmConfirming the charging structure of the m-th row of blast holes as a target blasting object;

If not, adjusting the charging structure of the m-th row of blast holes of the target blasting object until the charging structure meets the condition that Q is more than or equal to 0.85 × a × b × L × Q × k₁+Q₂+…+Q_nmnot more than 0.95 × a × b × L × q × k, and H₁≤L/n_m，H₂≤L/n_m，……，H_nm≤L/n_mAnd H is₁+H₂+……+H_nm≤L；

Wherein H is the blasting step height; h_iIs the total height of the ith layer in the blast hole, H_i＝h_i+L_i。

still at n_mTo illustrate, first is the charge configuration verification of the first row:

In order to ensure the safety of blasting, the loading amount should satisfy:

0.85×a×W×L×q≤Q₁+Q₂+Q₃≤0.95×a×W×L×q；

Wherein the length h of the 1 st segment of charging segment₁Loading Q of₁＝w₁×a×(h₁+L₁) X q, first layered height H of blast hole₁＝h₁+L₁；

Length h of 2 nd segment charge segment₂Loading Q of₂＝w₂×a×(h₂+L₂) X q, second layered height H of blast hole₂＝h₂+L₂；

Length h of the 3 rd segment charge segment₃Loading Q of₃＝w₃×W×(h₃+L₃) X q, third layer height H of blast hole₃＝h₃+L₃；

In order to control the blasting forward impact distance A within 1 time of the blasting step height H, the method comprises the following steps: h₁less than or equal to L/3 and H₂Less than or equal to L/3 and H₃Less than or equal to L/3 and (H)₁+H₂+H₃≤L)。

The charge structure verification of the back row follows:

The explosive loading of the blast holes in the back row meets the following requirements: 0.85 × b × a × L × Q × k ≦ Q₁+Q₂+Q₃≤0.95×b×a×L×q×k

wherein the length h of the 1 st segment of charging segment₁Loading Q of₁＝b×a×(h₁+L₁) Xqxk, first layered height H of blast hole₁＝h₁+L₁；

length h of 2 nd segment charge segment₂Loading Q of₂＝b×a×(h₁+L₁) Xqxk, second layered height H of blast hole₂＝h₂+L₂；

Length h of the 3 rd segment charge segment₃Loading Q of₃＝b×a×(h₁+L₁) X q x k, third layer height H of blast hole₃＝h₃+L₃；

In order to control the blasting forward impact distance A within 1 time of the blasting step height H, the method comprises the following steps: h₁Less than or equal to L/3 and H₂Less than or equal to L/3 and H₃less than or equal to L/3 and (H)₁+H₂+H₃≤L)。

If the determined charge configuration does not meet the above calculations, the charge configuration needs to be re-determined as follows:

the method for adjusting the charging structure of the m row of blast holes of the target blasting object comprises at least one of the following schemes: the depth L of blast holes is increased, the hole spacing a is reduced, and the chassis resistance line W is reduced.

The specific implementation mode of the first row of blast holes with n being 3 is explained, if countedCalculated result Q₁+Q₂+Q₃≥0.95×a×W×L×q、H₁＞L/3、H₂＞L/3、H₃＞L/3、H₁+H₂+H₃If any one of the five conditions is more than L, the charging structure of the blast hole needs to be readjusted until the following five conditions are met simultaneously:

0.85×a×W×L×q≤Q₁+Q₂+Q₃≤0.95×a×W×L×q；

H₁≤L/3；

H₂≤L/3；

H₃≤L/3；

H₁+H₂+H₃≤L。

In actual operation, if all rows of blast holes are required to be controlled to be the same blasting particle vibration, all the blast holes in the back row must adopt the segmentation method and the charging structure; if the vibration of the same blasting particles is not required to be controlled, and only the blasting forward impact distance is required to be controlled, the back row of blast holes can be segmented and the charging structure can be determined by adopting the method as the case may be. For example, the first three rows of blast holes are segmented and the charging structure is confirmed according to the method in the embodiment, and the blast holes of the three rows are charged according to a conventional method. If a conventional blasting scheme is selected for some back-row blastholes instead of the sectional differential blasting method in the application, the charging structures of the back-row blastholes are recalculated according to actual requirements.

after the verification of the charging structure is completed, n is determined according to the above_m、L_i、h_i、Q_iAnd (3) carrying out sectional charging and sectional solid filling of the arranged target blasting object according to the following construction method by using equal parameters:

further, according to the charging structure, determining the charging mode of the mth row of blast holes of the target blasting object and performing construction, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

Sequentially installing explosive columns on the ith explosive charging section of the ith layer of the blast hole from the bottom to the top of the blast hole, wherein the height of the explosive column of the ith explosive charging section is less than or equal to h_i(ii) a The detonator for detonation is firmly assembled to the detonating body which is arranged onLeading out the detonating detonator to the outside of the blast hole in the middle of the explosive column of the ith explosive charging section; after the ith charge section is installed, the ith filling section above the ith charge section is filled with solid materials, and the height of the solid materials is equal to L_i(ii) a Wherein i takes the values n in turn_m，n_m-1，n_m-2，……，1；

And connecting the detonators for detonation according to the differential detonation sequence.

Taking the specific embodiment of n-3 as an example, the actual charging structure is shown in fig. 4, and the specific construction sequence is as follows:

firstly, the 3 rd section of explosive column 306 positioned at the bottom of the blast hole, namely the explosive column at the bottommost part of the blast hole is loaded, and the height of the explosive column does not exceed h₃A detonator 307 for initiation is firmly assembled on an initiation body 308 and placed in the middle of a charge column 306, a detonator wire 307 for initiation is led out of a blast hole and has a length meeting the requirement of a blasting connection line, and then a packing section 305 is filled with a solid material, wherein the height of the packing section 305 is equal to L₃；

Next, the second section of the charge 304 is loaded, the height of which does not exceed h₂The detonator 307 for detonation is firmly assembled on the detonation body 308 and placed in the middle of the explosive column 304, the detonator wire 307 for detonation is led out of the blast hole, the length meets the requirement of a blasting connection line, then the filling section 303 is filled with solid materials, and the height of the filling section is equal to L₂；

Finally, loading the 1 st section of the grain 302 with a height not exceeding h₁A detonator 307 for detonation is firmly assembled on a detonating body 308 and placed in the middle of the explosive column 302, a detonator wire 307 for detonation is led out of the blast hole, the length of the detonator wire meets the requirement of a blasting connecting line, and then a filling section 301 is filled with solid materials, wherein the height of the filling section is equal to L₁。

All the connecting lines are carried out according to a blasting design detonation network diagram, so that misconnection and misconnection are avoided.

Further, an ith packing section above the ith charge section is filled with solid material, including:

judging whether water exists in the blast hole or not;

If yes, filling water-permeable broken stones in the ith filling section, wherein the diameter of the water-permeable broken stones is smaller than 10 mm;

If not, filling rock slag, building sand or broken stone with the diameter less than 10mm in the ith filling section.

In actual operation, the blastholes in the back row may adopt the sectional differential collapse blasting method in the embodiment, or may adopt a conventional blasting sequence to perform blasting, so as to be an optional embodiment, the blastholes in the 1 st row blast the target blasting object according to the differential blasting sequence;

The advantages of blasting engineering rock and soil according to the sectional differential collapse blasting method are as follows:

1. Firstly, the first row of blast holes which start to detonate from the bottom generate a sectional collapse folding blasting effect during the differential blasting, and the blasting forward can be effectively controlled; secondly, by the layered blasting of all blast holes and the differential blasting in the holes, the effective blasting step height in the blasting process can be reduced, and the forward impact is reduced; thirdly, the differential collapse blasting method reasonably utilizes slag pressing blasting, the influence of the firstly blasted rock mass on the later blasted rock mass increases the instantaneous impact resistance thickness, and the blasting forward impact is reduced; finally, the micro-difference collapse blasting method optimizes inter-row micro-difference interval blasting time, inter-hole micro-difference interval blasting time and in-hole vertical micro-difference interval blasting time by changing the blasting sequence, changes the blasting instantaneous sequence, increases the number of free surfaces in the non-blasting forward-impulse direction and the rock displacement compensation space after blasting at the bottom of the blast hole, reduces the blasting forward-impulse and improves the blasting quality. The above multiple factors act together, and the blasting forward stroke distance is effectively controlled within 1 time of the height of the blasting step.

2. The sectional blasting method adopted in the embodiment can effectively improve the drilling operation efficiency of the drilling machine and the operation efficiency of the mining equipment, and reduce the consumption of the drilling blasting and the consumption of the mining transportation.

3. Under the condition of n-section charging blasting, the action radius of the blasting funnel can be increased, the blasting effect is improved, the output rate of blasting large blocks is reduced, the output rate is generally more than 5%, and the blasting quality is improved.

4. The number of the sections is determined according to the safety allowable particle vibration speed and the control blasting forward stroke distance, and meanwhile, the sections interfere vibration reduction, so that the blasting vibration can be effectively reduced, the safety of a blasting protection object is ensured, and the blasting forward stroke distance is controlled within 1 time of the height of a blasting step.

through one or more embodiments of the present invention, the present invention has the following advantageous effects or advantages:

The invention provides a blasting method for medium-length hole subsection differential collapse, which comprises the steps of layering blast holes, dividing each layer into a charging section and a filling section, then determining a differential initiation sequence, controlling the first initiation sections of all the blast holes to be the charging sections positioned at the bottoms of the blast holes, initiating from the first initiation section of the preset blast holes in a first row of the blast holes, and then sequentially spacing other charging sections in the blast holes by delta T₁detonating sequentially from bottom to top; after explosion of the first explosion section of the adjacent blast holes in the same row at the first explosion section of the preset blast hole, the interval delta T is₂Initiating after time; after explosion of a first explosion section of blast holes adjacent to the preset blast hole in the next row of blast holes at the first explosion section of the preset blast hole, the interval delta T is formed₃And initiating detonation after time. The blasting quality can be improved by the sectional micro-difference collapse initiation method from the following three aspects, and the blasting forward impact distance is reduced to be within one time of the height of a blasting step: blasting is started from the bottom of the blast hole, and a section of explosive column at the bottom only has a free surface in the direction of the minimum resistance line, so that rocks in the direction of the resistance line of the chassis can be damaged to the maximum extent, the utilization rate of blasting energy is improved, and the problem of root bottom is solved, thereby improving the blasting quality; the scattered rock mass is blasted at the bottom of the blast hole, so that the impact resistance buffering effect can be generated on the rock mass blasted at the top, the rolling distance between the forward impact and the blasted rock is reduced, and meanwhile, the rocks are mutually collided and damaged, so that the generation of large blocks is reduced; after the bottom explosive column is blasted, the direction of the minimum resistance line at the top is changed, forward impact control and flyrock direction control are facilitated, the number of free surfaces in the non-blasting forward impact direction is increased, and the blasting quality is improved.

Furthermore, the number of the segments is determined according to the safe allowable particle vibration speed and the controlled blasting forward stroke distance, and meanwhile, the segments interfere with vibration reduction, so that the blasting vibration can be effectively reduced, the safety of a blasting protection object is ensured, and the blasting forward stroke distance is controlled within 1 time of the height of a blasting step.

while the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.

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blasting method for medium-length hole subsection differential collapse

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