阅读说明：本技术 一种高强度陶瓷粘结剂 (high-strength ceramic binder ) 是由 陈小强 于 2019-08-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种高强度陶瓷粘结剂,属机械加工技术领域。本发明采用高频吸能成分泡沫镍,与共渗剂等混合研磨,先经较低温度排气,再通过高温固相扩散,使得其可形成三维网状致密合金结构,加强对冲击能量的吸收,并将其作为基底层,并加入纳米铁粉,在高温和强冲击力下,保持持久的粘结性能,抗疲劳性好,并可化解和吸收冲击力,同时可和磨具间形成牢固的保持作用,改善应用效果；采用多组分混合球磨压制,通过多层次形成硬质成分,并分散均匀,硬质的耐冲击成分和较软质粘性料的填充,完成对抗冲击、抗疲劳性的提升。本发明解决了目前常用陶瓷粘结剂应用于磨具时对抗冲击、抗疲劳性的提升效果不佳的问题。(The invention relates to a high-strength ceramic binder, belonging to the technical field of machining. The invention adopts the high-frequency energy-absorbing component of the foam nickel, is mixed and ground with the co-permeation agent and the like, is firstly exhausted at a lower temperature and then subjected to high-temperature solid phase diffusion to form a three-dimensional net-shaped compact alloy structure, enhances the absorption of impact energy, is used as a substrate layer, is added with the nano iron powder, keeps lasting bonding performance under high temperature and strong impact force, has good fatigue resistance, can dissolve and absorb the impact force, can form firm retention with a grinding tool, and improves the application effect; and multi-component mixed ball milling pressing is adopted, hard components are formed in a multi-layer mode and are uniformly dispersed, and the impact resistance and fatigue resistance are improved by filling the hard impact-resistant components and the softer viscous materials. The invention solves the problem that the improvement effect of impact resistance and fatigue resistance is poor when the conventional ceramic binder is applied to a grinding tool.)

1. the high ~ strength ceramic binder comprises, by mass, 3 ~ 6 parts of sodium carbonate, 7 ~ 15 parts of linseed oil, 3 ~ 7 parts of an auxiliary agent, and 2 ~ 5 parts of a filler, and is characterized by further comprising 25 ~ 45 parts of a heat ~ resistant adhesive material and 20 ~ 40 parts of a composite impact ~ resistant material.

2. The high-strength ceramic bonding agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the heat-resistant adhesive material comprises the following steps:

s1, mixing and grinding foamed nickel, a co ~ permeation agent and a reagent A according to a mass ratio of 3: 7 ~ 10: 0.2 to obtain a grinding material, preheating and exhausting the grinding material at 300 ~ 400 ℃, sealing an exhaust hole, heating to 1500 ~ 1700 ℃, preserving heat, cooling to 900 ~ 1100 ℃, preserving heat, cooling to 140 ~ 155 ℃, discharging, cooling to obtain a heat treatment object, adding an ethanol solution into the heat treatment object according to a mass ratio of 1: 15 ~ 25 to mix, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, sealing filter residues, vacuumizing, performing thermal diffusion at 1200 ~ 1450 ℃, and cooling to obtain a solid phase diffusion material;

s2, respectively taking the solid ~ phase diffusion material and the nano iron powder according to the laying height ratio of 12 ~ 17: 1, flatly laying, depositing by using a high ~ vacuum electron beam, and introducing H under the conditions of the temperature of 720 ~ 770 ℃ and the pressure of 10 ~ 14kPa in an argon atmosphere₂and (3) treating, introducing ethylene, preserving heat and pressure, discharging, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the heat-resistant viscous material.

3. the high ~ strength ceramic adhesive is characterized in that the co ~ permeation agent in the step S1 is prepared by mixing aluminum oxide, chromium oxide and ammonium chloride according to a mass ratio of 4 ~ 8: 3: 1.

4. the high ~ strength ceramic binder as claimed in claim 2, wherein the reagent A in step S1 is prepared by mixing sodium metaaluminate, urea and water in a mass ratio of 1: 2 ~ 4: 30 ~ 50.

5. The high-strength ceramic binder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the composite impact-resistant material comprises the following steps:

(1) according to the weight parts, 30 ~ 45 parts of metakaolin, 20 ~ 30 parts of magnesia, 10 ~ 18 parts of pretreated coconut shell material and 4 ~ 8 parts of reagent B are mixed, zirconia ball grinding beads are added according to the ball material mass ratio of 20 ~ 30: 1, ball grinding and mixing are carried out, discharging is carried out, and ball grinding materials are obtained, 200 ~ 300 parts of ball grinding materials, 80 ~ 120 parts of clay, 2 ~ 5 parts of additives and 15 ~ 25 parts of water are taken according to the weight parts and stirred and mixed, and are kept stand and aged at room temperature to obtain aged materials, and the aged materials are taken for high ~ pressure pressing to obtain pressed materials;

(2) heating the pressed material to 500 ~ 650 ℃, preserving heat and presintering, introducing carbon monoxide, heating to 1100 ~ 1150 ℃, sintering, stopping introducing carbon monoxide, introducing steam, heating to 1350 ~ 1360 ℃, sintering, heating to 1400 ~ 1550 ℃, sintering, cooling, and discharging to obtain the composite impact ~ resistant material.

6. the high ~ strength ceramic binder is characterized in that the pretreated coconut shell material in the step (1) is prepared by mixing and stirring 20 ~ 40 parts by weight of coconut shell powder, 0.5 ~ 0.8 part by weight of sodium fluoride and 2 ~ 5 parts by weight of nano iron powder, introducing argon gas for protection, heating to 550 ~ 750 ℃, preserving heat, carbonizing, cooling and discharging.

7. the high ~ strength ceramic binder is characterized in that the additive in the step (1) is prepared by mixing microcrystalline paraffin, guar gum and hydroxyethyl cellulose according to a mass ratio of 1: 3 ~ 7: 1.

8. the high ~ strength ceramic adhesive is characterized in that the reagent B in the step (1) is prepared by mixing hydrogen peroxide and a potassium permanganate solution according to a mass ratio of 1: 4 ~ 8.

9. the high ~ strength ceramic adhesive as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filler is prepared by mixing and stirring sodium alginate and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 18 ~ 25, and adding SiO 2 ~ 4 times of the mass of the sodium alginate₂and mixing the calcium alginate and hydroxyapatite which is 1 ~ 3 times of the mass of the sodium alginate to obtain the filler.

10. the high ~ strength ceramic binder is characterized in that the auxiliary agent is obtained by mixing ethylene bis stearamide and talcum powder according to the mass ratio of 2 ~ 5: 1.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high-strength ceramic binder, belonging to the technical field of machining.

Background

For the finish grinding and polishing of ceramic tiles, stone (including artificial stone) and other plate surfaces, silicon carbide grinding tools and grinding tools using diamond as grinding materials are mostly adopted in the prior art. The CBN grinding wheel has the advantages of high chemical stability, good candle resistance, wide grinding application range, good shape maintenance of a grinding tool, high grinding precision and good self-sharpening performance of the grinding tool, and can meet the grinding requirements of difficult-to-process materials and common materials. However, the development of modern industrial technology places higher demands on the grinding process of the grinding tool. In abrasive articles, the bond has the greatest effect on the abrasive article. Compared with other bonding agents, the ceramic bonding agent has the characteristics of strong holding force on the grinding materials, high hardness, wide application range and the like, and can be suitable for grinding processing with high precision requirements. The performance of the ceramic bonding agent is directly related to whether the excellent performance of the CBN abrasive particles can be fully exerted, so that the grinding effect of the CBN abrasive wheel is finally influenced. Therefore, the ceramic bond is one of the key factors for researching the ceramic bond CBN grinding tool.

The strength of the vitrified bond is an important factor affecting the use of CBN grinding tools. The strength of the binder mainly includes two aspects: the strength of the binder itself and the holding ability between the binder and the abrasive grains. The CBN grinding tool requires that the ceramic bond used must form a firm bond bridge and has good holding capacity for abrasive particles, otherwise, the high hardness of the CBN grinding tool is not reflected.

The refractoriness of the ceramic bond is one of the main performance indexes of the bond, for example, the refractoriness of the bond is too high, the sintering degree is poor during sintering, and the bond between the ceramic bond and abrasive particles is not firm, so that the hardness of the abrasive tool is unstable; on the contrary, if the fire resistance of the binder is too low, the viscosity of the liquid phase is small during firing, which causes the deformation and foaming of the grinding tool. The main factors affecting the refractoriness of the binder are the chemical composition and the particle size of the raw materials. The finer the particle size of the binder, the greater the degree of dispersion, the stronger the reactivity, and the lower the refractoriness.

At present, the research on the performance improvement of the ceramic bond for the CBN grinding tool mainly focuses on the research on the chemical components of the bond, and the aim is to obtain the bond formula with the highest performance by changing the proportion of the chemical components of the bond or adding new chemical raw materials on the premise of ensuring that the bond can finish sintering under the low-temperature condition. The improvement of the performance of the binder requires a higher sintering temperature, but the CBN is transformed into a graphite-like hexagonal structure at a high temperature, so that the super-hardness of the graphite-like hexagonal structure is lost, and the alkali metal oxide with the melting promoting function in the ceramic binder can strongly corrode the CBN at the temperature of over 800 ℃. One of the solutions to the problem is to lower the sintering temperature in order to fully develop the grinding potential of the superabrasive, but lowering the sintering temperature usually means sacrificing the strength of the bond. For many years, people are dedicated to searching the low-melting-point high-strength ceramic bond, which not only can exert the grinding capacity of the grinding material to the maximum, but also can ensure the holding strength of the bond. But the traditional method is difficult to prepare, the bonding agent still has high sintering temperature, low strength and poor impact resistance and fatigue resistance. Therefore, in order to better improve the comprehensive performance of the vitrified bond CBN grinding tool and obtain a low-temperature high-strength vitrified bond CBN grinding tool, a method for quickly preparing the vitrified bond at a low temperature needs to be explored.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problem that the improvement effect of impact resistance and fatigue resistance is not good when the existing common ceramic binder is applied to a grinding tool, a high-strength ceramic binder is provided.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the high ~ strength ceramic binder comprises, by mass, 3 ~ 6 parts of sodium carbonate, 7 ~ 15 parts of linseed oil, 3 ~ 7 parts of an auxiliary agent, 2 ~ 5 parts of a filler, 25 ~ 45 parts of a heat ~ resistant adhesive material and 20 ~ 40 parts of a composite impact ~ resistant material.

The preparation method of the heat-resistant adhesive material comprises the following steps:

S1, mixing and grinding foamed nickel, a co ~ permeation agent and a reagent A according to a mass ratio of 3: 7 ~ 10: 0.2 to obtain a grinding material, preheating and exhausting the grinding material at 300 ~ 400 ℃, sealing an exhaust hole, heating to 1500 ~ 1700 ℃, preserving heat, cooling to 900 ~ 1100 ℃, preserving heat, cooling to 140 ~ 155 ℃, discharging, cooling to obtain a heat treatment object, adding an ethanol solution into the heat treatment object according to a mass ratio of 1: 15 ~ 25 to mix, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, sealing filter residues, vacuumizing, performing thermal diffusion at 1200 ~ 1450 ℃, and cooling to obtain a solid phase diffusion material;

s2, respectively taking the solid ~ phase diffusion material and the nano iron powder according to the laying height ratio of 12 ~ 17: 1, flatly laying, depositing by using a high ~ vacuum electron beam, and introducing H under the conditions of the temperature of 720 ~ 770 ℃ and the pressure of 10 ~ 14kPa in an argon atmosphere₂And (3) treating, introducing ethylene, preserving heat and pressure, discharging, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the heat-resistant viscous material.

and (5) mixing the co ~ permeation agent in the step (S1) with alumina, chromic oxide and ammonium chloride according to the mass ratio of 4 ~ 8: 3: 1 to obtain the co ~ permeation agent.

and mixing the reagent A in the step S1 with sodium metaaluminate, urea and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 ~ 4: 30 ~ 50 to obtain the reagent A.

the preparation method of the composite impact-resistant material comprises the following steps:

(1) according to the weight parts, 30 ~ 45 parts of metakaolin, 20 ~ 30 parts of magnesia, 10 ~ 18 parts of pretreated coconut shell material and 4 ~ 8 parts of reagent B are mixed, zirconia ball grinding beads are added according to the ball material mass ratio of 20 ~ 30: 1, ball grinding and mixing are carried out, discharging is carried out, and ball grinding materials are obtained, 200 ~ 300 parts of ball grinding materials, 80 ~ 120 parts of clay, 2 ~ 5 parts of additives and 15 ~ 25 parts of water are taken according to the weight parts and stirred and mixed, and are kept stand and aged at room temperature to obtain aged materials, and the aged materials are taken for high ~ pressure pressing to obtain pressed materials;

(2) heating the pressed material to 500 ~ 650 ℃, preserving heat and presintering, introducing carbon monoxide, heating to 1100 ~ 1150 ℃, sintering, stopping introducing carbon monoxide, introducing steam, heating to 1350 ~ 1360 ℃, sintering, heating to 1400 ~ 1550 ℃, sintering, cooling, and discharging to obtain the composite impact ~ resistant material.

the pretreatment coconut shell material in the step (1) is prepared by mixing and stirring 20 ~ 40 parts by weight of coconut shell powder, 0.5 ~ 0.8 part by weight of sodium fluoride and 2 ~ 5 parts by weight of nano iron powder, introducing argon gas for protection, heating to 550 ~ 750 ℃, preserving heat, carbonizing, cooling and discharging.

and (2) mixing the additive in the step (1) with microcrystalline paraffin, guar gum and hydroxyethyl cellulose according to the mass ratio of 1: 3 ~ 7: 1 to obtain the additive.

and (2) mixing the reagent B obtained in the step (1) with hydrogen peroxide and a potassium permanganate solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 4 ~ 8 to obtain the reagent B.

the filler is prepared by mixing and stirring sodium alginate and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 18 ~ 25, and adding SiO 2 ~ 4 times of the mass of the sodium alginate₂and mixing the calcium alginate and hydroxyapatite which is 1 ~ 3 times of the mass of the sodium alginate to obtain the filler.

and the auxiliary agent is prepared by mixing ethylene bis stearamide and talcum powder according to the mass ratio of 2 ~ 5: 1.

compared with other methods, the method has the beneficial technical effects that:

(1) The invention adopts high-frequency energy-absorbing component foam nickel, is mixed and ground with a co-penetrating agent and the like, is firstly exhausted at lower temperature and then subjected to high-temperature solid phase diffusion to form a three-dimensional net-shaped compact alloy structure, the components of metal elements are diffused mutually, the homogenization of the metal components is ensured, the stability is very strong, the absorption of impact energy can be enhanced by a constructed new structure, the new structure is used as a substrate layer, nano iron powder is added, a carbon nano tube array is deposited and grown under the action of mixed carbon source gas of reducing gas hydrogen serving as catalysis and inert carrier gas, the micro structure similar to the micro hair on the surface of a gecko foot pad can be microscopically provided, the adhesion is very strong, and the characteristic of abnormal enhancement of the adhesion can be realized under the action of high temperature and energy, wherein the carbon nano tube can be 'collapsed' into a net-shaped structure under the high temperature to increase the contact area with an, the van der waals force which plays a role in bonding is improved, and meanwhile, when the adhesive is particularly applied to a ceramic bonding grinding tool, the adhesive can keep lasting bonding performance under high temperature and strong impact force, has good fatigue resistance, can dissolve and absorb the impact force, can form firm holding function with the grinding tool, and improves the application effect;

(2) the invention adopts multi-component mixed ball milling pressing and sintering at lower temperature, can lead potassium permanganate in a reagent B to be decomposed to generate manganese dioxide and oxygen, and oxygen is generated to oxidize redundant carbon in the pretreated coconut shell material to generate carbon dioxide, the generated carbon dioxide further enriches the surface and the inner pores of the product in the diffusion and volatilization process, can facilitate the filling action of different levels, strengthen the dispersion effect when responding to the external impact force, and lead the gas generated by pyrolysis to lead the internal hard components such as silicon carbide generated by high-temperature treatment of the coconut shell component to float upwards in different levels along with the further rise of temperature, thus being convenient to improve the hardness of the ceramic binder per se, and lead the alumina in metakaolin and the magnesia in magnesia to react to generate a magnesia-alumina spinel structure to be filled in the interior along with the rise of temperature, the anti-impact performance can be well improved, meanwhile, as the temperature is further increased, metal components with lower melting points can form a liquid phase to coexist with magnesium aluminate spinel, a longitudinal compact layer is formed in the binder, the internal stability is improved, and the improvement of the anti-impact performance and the anti-fatigue performance is completed by filling hard anti-impact components and softer viscous materials.

Detailed Description

mixing sodium alginate and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 18 ~ 25, magnetically stirring for 35 ~ 60min at the speed of 400 ~ 700r/min, and adding SiO 2 ~ 4 times of the mass of the sodium alginate₂and mixing the calcium alginate and hydroxyapatite which is 1 ~ 3 times of the mass of the sodium alginate to obtain the filler.

and (3) mixing the aluminum oxide, the chromium oxide and the ammonium chloride according to the mass ratio of 4 ~ 8: 3: 1 to obtain the co ~ permeation agent.

and (2) taking 20 ~ 40 parts by weight of coconut shell powder sieved by a 120 ~ mesh sieve, 0.5 ~ 0.8 part by weight of sodium fluoride and 2 ~ 5 parts by weight of nano iron powder, mixing and stirring in a reaction kettle for 30 ~ 55min, transferring into a carbonization furnace, introducing argon at a rate of 100 ~ 140mL/min for protection, heating to 550 ~ 750 ℃ at a rate of 1 ~ 4 ℃/min, preserving heat, carbonizing for 2 ~ 4h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and discharging to obtain the pretreated coconut shell material.

and (3) mixing the ethylene bis stearamide and the talcum powder according to the mass ratio of 2 ~ 5: 1 to obtain the auxiliary agent.

and (2) mixing the microcrystalline paraffin, the guar gum and the hydroxyethyl cellulose according to the mass ratio of 1: 3 ~ 7: 1 to obtain the additive.

and mixing the reagent A with sodium metaaluminate, urea and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 ~ 4: 30 ~ 50 to obtain the reagent A.

and mixing the reagent B with 0.5mol/L hydrogen peroxide and 12% potassium permanganate solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 4 ~ 8 to obtain the reagent B.

the preparation method of the heat-resistant adhesive material comprises the following steps:

S1, mixing foamed nickel, a co ~ permeation agent and a reagent A in a mortar according to a mass ratio of 3: 7 ~ 10: 0.2, grinding for 2 ~ 4 hours at 350 ~ 550r/min to obtain a grinding material, preheating and exhausting the grinding material in a sintering furnace at 300 ~ 400 ℃ for 30 ~ 50 minutes, sealing an exhaust hole, heating to 1500 ~ 1700 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10 ~ 15 minutes, cooling to 900 ~ 1100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 ~ 8 hours, cooling to 140 ~ 155 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a heat treatment object, adding an ethanol solution with a volume fraction of 70% into the heat treatment object according to a mass ratio of 1: 15 ~ 25, mixing in an ultrasonic oscillator, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 50 ~ 65kHz for 20 ~ 35 minutes, filtering, taking filter residues, sealing in a quartz glass tube, vacuumizing, moving to the sintering furnace at 1200 ~ 1450 ℃, carrying out thermal diffusion for 15 ~ 20 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a solid phase diffusion bulk material;

S2, taking the solid ~ phase diffusion material and the nano iron powder on a silicon substrate according to the laying height ratio of 12 ~ 17: 1, moving the silicon substrate to a tube furnace, and introducing H with the volume of 12 ~ 20% of the furnace chamber under the conditions of the temperature of 720 ~ 770 ℃ and the pressure of 10 ~ 14kPa in an argon atmosphere₂treating for 25 ~ 50min, introducing 20 ~ 35% ethylene into the furnace cavity, performing heat preservation and pressure maintaining treatment for 20 ~ 40min, discharging, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the heat ~ resistant viscous material.

The preparation method of the composite impact-resistant material comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing 30 ~ 45 parts by weight of metakaolin, 20 ~ 30 parts by weight of magnesia, 10 ~ 18 parts by weight of a pretreated coconut shell material and 4 ~ 8 parts by weight of a reagent B in a ball milling tank, adding zirconia ball milling beads according to a ball material mass ratio of 20 ~ 30: 1, ball milling and mixing for 2 ~ 4 hours at a speed of 350 ~ 550r/min, discharging to obtain a ball grinding material, mixing 200 ~ 300 parts by weight of the ball grinding material, 80 ~ 120 parts by weight of clay, 2 ~ 5 parts by weight of an additive and 15 ~ 25 parts by weight of water in a mixer at a speed of 500 ~ 800r/min for stirring and mixing for 2 ~ 4 hours, standing and aging for 12 ~ 16 hours at room temperature to obtain an aged material, placing the aged material in a quartz mold, and pressing for 4 ~ 8 hours under the condition of 600 ~ 800kN to obtain a pressed material;

(2) and (2) putting the pressed material into a sintering furnace, continuously heating to 500 ~ 650 ℃ at the speed of 3 ~ 5 ℃/min, preserving heat and presintering for 4 ~ 7h, introducing carbon monoxide into the sintering furnace at the speed of 500 ~ 800mL/min, heating to 1100 ~ 1150 ℃ at the speed of 7 ~ 10 ℃/min, sintering for 45 ~ 60min, stopping introducing the carbon monoxide, introducing steam, heating to 1350 ~ 1360 ℃ at the speed of 8 ~ 10 ℃/min, sintering for 2 ~ 4h, heating to 1400 ~ 1550 ℃ at the speed of 3 ~ 5 ℃/min, sintering for 40 ~ 55min, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and discharging to obtain the composite impact ~ resistant material.

the high ~ strength ceramic binder comprises, by mass, 3 ~ 6 parts of sodium carbonate, 7 ~ 15 parts of linseed oil, 3 ~ 7 parts of an auxiliary agent, 2 ~ 5 parts of a filler, 25 ~ 45 parts of a heat ~ resistant adhesive material and 20 ~ 40 parts of a composite impact ~ resistant material.