阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于全工况推进系统的船舶艉轴承及其推进系统 (Ship stern bearing suitable for all-condition propulsion system and propulsion system thereof ) 是由 *** 王玉君 张硕 唐心昊 王尧 许伟伟 刘兆增 王振波 于 2019-08-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种适用于全工况推进系统的船舶艉轴承及其推进系统。本发明依次包括前抗磨织构区、动压织构区和后抗磨织构区,前抗磨织构区包括第一轴承套和第一衬里,第一衬里上设有第一织构；动压织构区包括第二轴承套和第二衬里,第二轴承套上设有第二织构,第二衬里可被润滑介质的高压挤压进入第二织构并在高压退去之后复位；后抗磨织构区包括第三轴承套和第三衬里,第三衬里上设有第三织构。本发明在正常工况下通过第一织构容纳磨屑,在倒航工况下通过第三织构容纳磨屑,避免磨屑进入动压织构区,动压织构区上第二织构的设置,提高了其承载能力,该艉轴承润滑承载力大,抗磨损性能优良,能够很好的适应含泥沙和全部工况条件下的推进系统。(The invention provides a ship stern bearing suitable for a full-working-condition propulsion system and a propulsion system thereof. The invention sequentially comprises a front wear-resistant texture area, a dynamic pressure texture area and a rear wear-resistant texture area, wherein the front wear-resistant texture area comprises a first bearing sleeve and a first liner, and the first liner is provided with a first texture; the dynamic pressure texture area comprises a second bearing sleeve and a second lining, the second bearing sleeve is provided with a second texture, and the second lining can be extruded by the high pressure of a lubricating medium to enter the second texture and reset after the high pressure is removed; the rear wear-resistant texture area comprises a third bearing sleeve and a third lining, and the third lining is provided with a third texture. The invention contains abrasive dust through the first texture under the normal working condition, and contains abrasive dust through the third texture under the reverse sailing working condition, thereby avoiding the abrasive dust from entering the dynamic pressure texture area, and the arrangement of the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area improves the bearing capacity of the dynamic pressure texture area.)

1. The utility model provides a boats and ships stern bearing suitable for full operating mode propulsion system which characterized in that:

In the radial direction, the stern bearing sequentially comprises a hard bearing sleeve and a rubber lining, and the inner surface of the bearing sleeve is coaxially abutted with the outer surface of the lining;

In the axial direction, the stern bearing sequentially comprises a front wear-resistant texture area, a dynamic pressure texture area and a rear wear-resistant texture area, wherein the front wear-resistant texture area comprises a first bearing sleeve and a first liner, a plurality of first textures are arranged on the first liner along the wall thickness direction of the first liner, and the first textures are first blind holes arranged on the first liner; the dynamic pressure texture area comprises a second bearing sleeve and a second lining, the thickness of the second bearing sleeve is greater than that of the first bearing sleeve, the thickness of the second lining is less than that of the first lining, a plurality of second textures are arranged on the second bearing sleeve along the wall thickness direction of the second bearing sleeve, the second textures are second blind holes formed in the second bearing sleeve, and the second lining can be extruded by high pressure of a lubricating medium to enter the second blind holes and reset after being retreated by the high pressure; the rear wear-resistant texture area comprises a third bearing sleeve and a third liner, a plurality of third textures are arranged on the third liner along the wall thickness direction of the third liner, and the third textures are third blind holes arranged on the third liner.

2. the stern bearing for a ship suitable for use in a full service propulsion system of claim 1, wherein:

the plurality of first textures on the front wear-resistant texture area are divided into a plurality of rows along the circumferential direction of the front wear-resistant texture area, each row of the first textures is distributed in a wave shape along the axial direction of the front wear-resistant texture area, the plurality of third textures on the rear wear-resistant texture area are also divided into a plurality of rows along the circumferential direction of the rear wear-resistant texture area, and each row of the third textures is also distributed in a wave shape along the axial direction of the rear wear-resistant texture area;

preferably, the plurality of second textures on the dynamic pressure texture area are distributed in a uniform linear array along the circumferential direction of the dynamic pressure texture area.

3. the stern bearing for a ship suitable for use in a full service propulsion system of claim 1, wherein:

The axial length of the front wear-resistant texture area is greater than that of the rear wear-resistant texture area;

More preferably, the ratio of the axial lengths of the front, dynamic and rear wear-resistant texture zones is 3: 5: 2.

4. The stern bearing for a ship suitable for use in a full service propulsion system of claim 1, wherein:

the stern bearing is also provided with a plurality of water chutes in an axial direction in a penetrating way, and the cross section of each water chute comprises three sections of circular arcs with equal diameters;

Preferably, the stern bearing comprises a lower water guide groove area, a reverse rotation high pressure area, an upper water guide groove area and a forward rotation high pressure area in turn in the circumferential direction, and the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area is arranged on the reverse rotation high pressure area and the forward rotation high pressure area.

5. The stern bearing for a ship suitable for use in a full service propulsion system of claim 1, wherein:

The first texture on the front wear-resistant texture area is cylindrical, the third texture on the rear wear-resistant texture area is also cylindrical, and the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area is in a regular quadrangular shape.

6. The stern bearing for a ship suitable for use in a full service propulsion system of claim 5, wherein:

the side length of the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area is 0.5-0.8mm, and the depth is 0.01-0.03 mm; the vertical length of the first texture on the front wear-resistant texture area and the vertical length of the third texture on the rear wear-resistant texture area are both 2-3 times of the side length of the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area, and the depth of the first texture on the front wear-resistant texture area and the depth of the third texture on the rear wear-resistant texture area are both 100-200 times of the depth of the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area.

7. The stern bearing for a ship adapted for use in a full service propulsion system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:

The thickness of the first lining on the front wear-resistant texture zone is equal to that of the third lining on the rear wear-resistant texture zone, and the thickness of the first bearing sleeve on the front wear-resistant texture zone is equal to that of the third bearing sleeve on the rear wear-resistant texture zone;

the thickness of the second lining on the dynamic pressure texture area is 1/3 of that of the first lining on the front wear-resistant texture area, and the second bearing sleeve on the dynamic pressure texture area protrudes inwards by the same thickness.

8. The stern bearing for a ship suitable for use in a full service propulsion system of claim 1, wherein:

axial flow blades in the same direction are arranged at two ends of the stern bearing, a first gap is formed between each axial flow blade and the end of the stern bearing, and the rotating direction of each axial flow blade is opposite to the rotating direction of the stern shaft under the normal working condition of the ship.

9. The all-condition propulsion system of claim 8, wherein:

The axial flow blade is arranged on a hub, the hub is divided into two pieces, namely a first hub and a second hub, and the first hub and the second hub are connected through a clamping hoop.

10. the all-condition propulsion system of claim 9, wherein:

The axial flow blade is axially extended along the direction parallel to the axial direction of the stern bearingThe thickness of the flow blade is 2-3 times of the outer diameter D of the axial flow blade_a＝(0.4-0.6)×(D₁+D₂)，D₁the inner diameter of the stern bearing, D₂The outer diameter of the stern bearing;

preferably, the distance of said first gap in a direction parallel to the axial direction of said stern bearing is 1.5-3.0 times, more preferably 2.0-2.5 times the extension distance of the axial blades.

11. an all-condition propulsion system, comprising:

A stern shaft capable of counterclockwise and clockwise rotation;

A stern bearing sleeved on the stern shaft and coaxially matched with the stern shaft, wherein a second gap is formed between the inner surface of the stern bearing and the outer surface of the stern shaft, and the stern bearing is the ship stern bearing suitable for the full-working-condition propulsion system according to any one of claims 1 to 10;

And the stern shaft tube is sleeved on the stern bearing and is coaxially matched with the stern bearing.

Technical Field

the invention relates to the technical field of bearings, in particular to a ship stern bearing suitable for a full-working-condition propulsion system and a propulsion system thereof.

Background

The prime mover-transmission system-propeller is the most widely used propulsion mode of the military and commercial ships, and although the mode has the advantages of large power, mature design method and manufacturing process, the mode also has a plurality of disadvantages with the development of ship technology, such as: the hull and the propulsion shafting of a large ship have complex coupled vibration, multidirectional performance and insufficient maneuverability of an underwater vehicle and the like. The future water-road-air triphibian aircraft needs a propulsion system adaptive to a changeable environment, and the vibration and noise of a propulsion shafting of the future water-road-air triphibian aircraft are global problems restricting the stealth capability of a submarine. Under the background, the development of a novel efficient and reliable ship propulsion system is the leading edge and the difficulty of the current domestic and foreign research.

As the core parts of the above system, the stern bearing generally has the problems of insufficient supply of the lubricating medium, insufficient bearing capacity and poor wear resistance, such as: chinese patent CN106763196A discloses in 2017, 5/31, a sliding bearing with a bionic diatom shell double-layer micro-modeling structure, the sliding bearing comprises an upper bearing bush and a lower bearing bush which are connected in an involution manner, the top of the upper bearing bush is provided with an oil hole, the inner wall of the lower bearing bush is provided with a micro-modeling region of the bionic diatom shell structure locally, the micro-modeling region is formed by arranging a plurality of concave double-layer micro-modeling structures in a matrix manner along the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the lower bearing bush, a single double-layer micro-modeling structure is two grooves which are one big and one small, the two grooves are distributed in a ladder shape, and the small groove is located in. Practice proves that the micro-structure sliding bearing has good bearing performance, but the lubricating medium is not sufficiently supplied, so that the micro-structure sliding bearing cannot be well adapted to a propulsion system containing silt and under all working conditions. Chinese patent CN105650118A discloses a stern bearing with an additional rectangular cavity in 2016, 8/6, which comprises a bearing steel sleeve outer ring, wherein the inside of the bearing steel sleeve outer ring is coaxially matched with a bearing rubber inner ring, a plurality of rectangular cavities for increasing bearing capacity are uniformly arranged on the bearing rubber inner ring, and a groove structure is arranged on the bearing rubber inner ring between the rectangular cavities. The stern bearing realizes bearing by means of high-pressure lubricating medium supplied from the outside under the condition of low speed, is similar to a hydrostatic bearing, if the lubricating medium is not supplied at high pressure, the bearing capacity of the stern bearing is still insufficient, the high-pressure lubricating medium needs to be added with a more complex pressure supply and throttling system, and the manufacturing and processing cost and the fault risk are increased; in addition, the wear resistance of the stern bearing is poor, and silt enters the inside of the bearing and easily causes the wear of the stern bearing.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a ship stern bearing suitable for a full-working-condition propulsion system, and aims to solve the problem that the existing ship stern bearing cannot be well suitable for a propulsion system containing silt and under all working conditions due to insufficient bearing capacity and poor abrasion resistance.

in order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

In one aspect, the ship stern bearing suitable for the full-working-condition propulsion system comprises a hard bearing sleeve and a rubber lining in sequence in the radial direction, wherein the inner surface of the bearing sleeve is coaxially abutted with the outer surface of the lining; in the axial direction, the stern bearing sequentially comprises a front wear-resistant texture area, a dynamic pressure texture area and a rear wear-resistant texture area, wherein the front wear-resistant texture area comprises a first bearing sleeve and a first liner, a plurality of first textures are arranged on the first liner along the wall thickness direction of the first liner, and the first textures are first blind holes arranged on the first liner; the dynamic pressure texture area comprises a second bearing sleeve and a second lining, the thickness of the second bearing sleeve is greater than that of the first bearing sleeve, the thickness of the second lining is less than that of the first lining, a plurality of second textures are arranged on the second bearing sleeve along the wall thickness direction of the second bearing sleeve, the second textures are second blind holes formed in the second bearing sleeve, and the second lining can be extruded by high pressure of a lubricating medium to enter the second blind holes and reset after being retreated by the high pressure; the rear wear-resistant texture area comprises a third bearing sleeve and a third liner, a plurality of third textures are arranged on the third liner along the wall thickness direction of the third liner, and the third textures are third blind holes arranged on the third liner.

the stern bearing of the invention is a kind of all-duty stern bearing, its bearing housing is prepared from hard material, these hard material include stainless steel, copper, etc., the lining is prepared from rubber material, the lining has certain elasticity, the bearing housing cooperates closely with lining; in the axial direction, the structure is divided into a front wear-resistant texture area, a dynamic pressure texture area and a rear wear-resistant texture area in sequence. Under normal working conditions, namely when a ship normally runs, a lubricating medium, namely seawater enters the full-working-condition stern bearing from the front end of the stern bearing, firstly, abrasive dust such as silt and the like is contained through a first texture on a front wear-resistant texture area, the abrasive dust enters the first texture, and the abrasive dust is mainly trapped in the front wear-resistant texture area to be prevented from entering a dynamic pressure texture area; then, a lubricating medium, namely seawater enters a dynamic pressure texture area, and the lubricating medium extrudes a second liner to enter a second texture on a second bearing sleeve due to high pressure caused by the eccentricity of a stern shaft of the propulsion system, namely the second liner enters a second blind hole, so that the bearing capacity of the stern bearing is improved; under the reverse navigation condition, namely when a ship runs in reverse navigation, a lubricating medium, namely seawater enters the full-working-condition stern bearing from the rear end of the stern bearing, firstly, abrasive dust such as silt and the like is contained through a third texture on a rear wear-resistant texture area, the abrasive dust enters the third texture, and the abrasive dust is mainly trapped in the rear wear-resistant texture area to be prevented from entering a dynamic pressure texture area; then, the lubricating medium-seawater enters a dynamic pressure texture area, and the lubricating medium extrudes the second liner to enter a second texture on the second bearing sleeve due to high pressure caused by the eccentricity of a stern shaft of the propulsion system, namely the second liner enters the second blind hole, so that the bearing capacity of the stern bearing is improved. The stern bearing has large bearing capacity and excellent abrasion resistance, can be well suitable for a propulsion system containing silt and under all working conditions, has long service life, and solves the contradiction between the bearing capacity of the stern bearing, the accommodation of abrasive dust, the multi-working condition and the like; therefore, the stern bearing of the invention can also be said to be a full-working-condition stern bearing.

as a preferred embodiment, the plurality of first textures on the front wear-resistant texture area are divided into a plurality of rows in the circumferential direction of the front wear-resistant texture area, each row of the first textures is distributed in a wave shape along the axial direction of the front wear-resistant texture area, the plurality of third textures on the rear wear-resistant texture area are also divided into a plurality of rows in the circumferential direction of the rear wear-resistant texture area, and each row of the third textures is also distributed in a wave shape along the axial direction of the rear wear-resistant texture area; preferably, the plurality of second textures on the dynamic pressure texture area are distributed in a uniform linear array along the circumferential direction of the dynamic pressure texture area. The first texture and the third texture are arranged in any axial direction of the front wear-resistant texture area and the rear wear-resistant texture area, and the amplitude of the waveform is based on the first texture and the third texture arranged in any axial direction of the front wear-resistant texture area and the rear wear-resistant texture area, so that the abrasion of the stern shaft caused by the abrasion of the abrasion entering the dynamic pressure texture area is effectively prevented. Of course, each row of the first texture on the front wear-resistant texture area and each row of the third texture on the rear wear-resistant texture area can also be linearly distributed along the axial direction of the front wear-resistant texture area and the rear wear-resistant texture area respectively. In addition, the uniform linear array distribution of the second texture can better improve the bearing capacity of the dynamic pressure texture area.

as a preferred embodiment, the axial length of said front wear-resistant texture zone is greater than the axial length of said rear wear-resistant texture zone; more preferably, the ratio of the axial lengths of the front, dynamic and rear wear-resistant texture zones is 3: 5: 2. because the ship is mainly under the forward working condition and is assisted by the reverse sailing working condition, the axial length of the front wear-resistant texture area is greater than that of the rear wear-resistant texture area, and meanwhile, in order to ensure the bearing capacity of the stern bearing under the full working condition, the axial length ratio of the front wear-resistant texture area to the dynamic pressure texture area to the rear wear-resistant texture area is 3: 5: 2 is most preferred.

as a preferred embodiment, the stern bearing is further provided with a plurality of water chutes in an axial direction, and the cross section of each water chute comprises three sections of circular arcs with equal diameters; preferably, the stern bearing comprises a lower water guide groove area, a reverse rotation high pressure area, an upper water guide groove area and a forward rotation high pressure area in turn in the circumferential direction, and the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area is arranged on the reverse rotation high pressure area and the forward rotation high pressure area. The water chute is arranged for guiding a lubricating medium, namely seawater, to enter the inner part of the stern bearing and flow along the inner surface of the stern bearing so as to play a better lubricating role; therefore, in order to play the role of the water chute and ensure that the high pressure area in the stern bearing is not damaged, the water chute sequentially comprises a lower water chute area, a reverse rotation high pressure area, an upper water chute area and a forward rotation high pressure area from a gravity load action line along the normal rotation direction of a stern shaft from the upward direction of the ring of the stern bearing, the distribution angles of the four areas are 90 degrees, and the gravity load action line passes through the centers of the upper water chute area and the lower water chute area; preferably, the upper water guide groove area and the lower water guide groove area are both provided with water guide grooves penetrating through the full-working-condition stern bearing in the axial direction, and the cross sections of the water guide grooves are in three-section equal-diameter circular arc transition so as to lead out abrasive dust and dissipate heat in time; preferably, the upper water guiding groove area and the lower water guiding groove area adopt the same structural parameters, and the forward rotation high-pressure area and the reverse rotation high-pressure area adopt the same structural parameters.

the first texture on the front wear-resistant texture area and the third texture on the rear wear-resistant texture area are arranged in a full circle mode to improve chip receiving efficiency, and the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area is only arranged in a forward high-pressure area and a reverse high-pressure area to save processing cost. According to the invention, the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area is processed on the second bearing sleeve so as to ensure that the bearing area of the stern bearing is selected by the stern bearing under different operating conditions, and the second texture is processed in a high pressure area or above so as to effectively improve the bearing capacity of the stern bearing, otherwise, the bearing capacity of the stern bearing is reduced; when the screw shaft normally works, the screw shaft generates high pressure in a forward rotation high-pressure area due to eccentricity, the second lining is pressed into the second blind hole of the second bearing sleeve under the action of the high pressure, the pressure is further improved under the action of the second texture, and the pressure accumulation effect of the second texture in the working process of the screw shaft is ensured to be continuously exerted; when the stern shaft rotates reversely, high pressure generated by the eccentricity of the stern shaft presses the second lining into the second blind hole of the second bearing sleeve under the action of the reverse high pressure in the reverse high pressure area, and the pressure accumulation effect is continuously exerted, so that the bearing capacity of the stern bearing is improved, and the full working condition of the propulsion system is adapted.

in a preferred embodiment, the first texture on the front wear-resistant texture area is cylindrical, the third texture on the rear wear-resistant texture area is also cylindrical, and the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area is in a regular quadrangular shape. The first texture and the third texture are respectively processed on the first lining and the third lining, and the cylindrical first texture and the cylindrical third texture are convenient to process, process and form and facilitate the entering of abrasive dust; the second texture is processed on the second bearing sleeve, and the quadrangular second texture has high bearing capacity and good use effect. In addition, the first texture and the third texture can be arranged in a round table shape, the diameter of the opening at the upper end of the first texture is larger than that of the opening at the bottom of the first texture, so that abrasive dust can conveniently enter the first texture and the third texture, and meanwhile, the abrasive dust entering the first texture and the third texture is prevented from entering a lubricating medium again, so that the purpose of fully containing the abrasive dust is achieved; the first and third textures of the present invention accommodate abrasive dust that can be removed during service.

as a preferred embodiment, the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area has a side length of 0.5 to 0.8mm and a depth of 0.01 to 0.03 mm; the vertical length of the first texture on the front wear-resistant texture area and the vertical length of the third texture on the rear wear-resistant texture area are both 2-3 times of the side length of the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area, and the depth of the first texture on the front wear-resistant texture area and the depth of the third texture on the rear wear-resistant texture area are both 100-200 times of the depth of the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area. The size of the second texture on the dynamic pressure texture area is set to improve the bearing capacity of the ship stern bearing, and the size design of the first texture on the front wear-resistant texture area and the third texture on the rear wear-resistant texture area can enable abrasive dust to enter in time and effectively prevent the abrasive dust from entering a lubricating medium again.

as a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the first liner on the front wear-resistant texture zone is equal to the thickness of the third liner on the rear wear-resistant texture zone, and the thickness of the first bearing sleeve on the front wear-resistant texture zone is equal to the thickness of the third bearing sleeve on the rear wear-resistant texture zone; the thickness of the second lining on the dynamic pressure texture area is 1/3 of that of the first lining on the front wear-resistant texture area, and the second bearing sleeve on the dynamic pressure texture area protrudes inwards by the same thickness. The high pressure area is ensured to press the second lining into the second blind hole on the second bearing sleeve while ensuring that the stern shaft is prevented from being worn. The outer surface of a bearing sleeve in the stern bearing is positioned on the same cylindrical surface, the inner surface of the bearing sleeve is kept consistent in a front wear-resistant texture area and a rear wear-resistant texture area and is also positioned on the same cylindrical surface, and the inner surface of the bearing sleeve is inwards protruded in a dynamic pressure texture area; the inner surface of the liner in the screw bearing is positioned on the same cylindrical surface, the outer surface of the liner is kept consistent in a front wear-resistant texture area and a rear wear-resistant texture area and is also positioned on the same cylindrical surface, and the outer surface of the liner is inwards recessed in a dynamic pressure texture area; the bearing sleeve and the lining which are arranged in this way fully ensure the tight fit between the bearing sleeve and the lining, and simultaneously ensure the axial fixation of the lining and the bearing sleeve.

as a preferred embodiment, axial flow blades in the same direction are arranged at both ends of the stern bearing, a first gap is formed between each axial flow blade and the end of the stern bearing, and the rotation direction of each axial flow blade is opposite to the rotation direction of the stern shaft under the normal working condition of the ship. Axial flow blades are arranged at two ends of the stern bearing and can also be called as a front end axial flow blade and a rear end axial flow blade, the mounting directions of the front end axial flow blade and the rear end axial flow blade are the same, the rotating direction of the axial flow blades is opposite to the rotating direction of the stern shaft under the normal working condition of the ship, the rotating angle of the axial flow blades is usually 30-50 degrees, and the number of the axial flow blades is usually 4-6; under normal working conditions, high pressure is formed between the front end axial flow blade and the full-working-condition stern bearing by the lubricating medium seawater, low pressure is formed between the rear end axial flow blade and the full-working-condition stern bearing, and under the action of pressure difference at two ends, the seawater automatically and forcibly enters a gap between the full-working-condition stern bearing and the stern shaft to complete self-forced circulation of the lubricating medium in the stern bearing under the normal working conditions; under the reverse sailing condition, high pressure is formed between the rear end axial flow blade and the full-condition stern bearing, low pressure is formed between the front end axial flow blade and the full-condition stern bearing, seawater enters a gap between the full-condition stern bearing and the stern shaft in a self-forcing mode under the action of pressure difference of two ends, and self-forcing circulation of a lubricating medium in the stern bearing under the reverse sailing condition is completed, so that the self-forcing circulation process of the lubricating medium seawater under the full-condition is realized.

As a preferred embodiment, the axial flow blade is disposed on a hub, the hub includes two pieces, namely a first hub and a second hub, and the first hub and the second hub are connected by a clamp. The axial flow blade is arranged on the axial flow impeller, namely, under the action of the front end axial flow impeller and the rear end axial flow impeller, the self-forced circulation of a lubricating medium of a full-working-condition stern bearing is realized, and the self-forced circulation axial flow impeller is provided; in order to ensure the universality and all-condition adaptability of the self-forced circulation axial flow impeller, the two axial flow impellers, namely the front end axial flow impeller and the rear end axial flow impeller, adopt the same structural parameters and the same installation direction, the front end axial flow impeller and the rear end axial flow impeller are fixed with a stern shaft through a hoop, and axial flow blades in the front end axial flow impeller and the rear end axial flow impeller are uniformly distributed on the outer circumferential surface of a hub so as to improve the balance of the self-forced circulation axial flow impeller.

in a preferred embodiment, the axial flow blade extends in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the stern bearing by a distance 2 to 3 times the thickness of the axial flow blade, and the outer diameter D of the axial flow blade is larger than the outer diameter of the axial flow blade_a＝(0.4-0.6)×(D₁+D₂)，D₁The inner diameter of the stern bearing, D₂The outer diameter of the stern bearing; preferably, the distance of the first gap in the direction parallel to the axial direction of the stern bearing is 1.5-3.0 times the extension distance of the axial blades, more preferably the first gap is 1.5-3.0 times the extension distance of the axial blades2.0-2.5 times. When the axial-flow impeller is installed, the rotating direction of the axial-flow blade is opposite to the rotating direction of a stern shaft under the advancing working condition of a ship so as to ensure that under the advancing working condition, namely the normal working condition, lubricating medium seawater enters the full-working-condition stern bearing and then firstly passes through a front wear-resistant texture area to contain abrasive dust, and meanwhile, the distance between the self-forced circulation axial-flow impeller and the full-working-condition stern bearing, namely the distance of a first gap in the direction parallel to the axial direction of the stern bearing is 1.5-3.0 times, preferably 2.0-2.5 times of the extending distance of the axial-flow blade on the self-forced circulation axial-flow impeller so as to ensure that the lubricating medium forms a stable high-.

In another aspect, the present invention is a full service propulsion system comprising a stern shaft, a stern bearing and a stern shaft tube; the stern shaft can rotate anticlockwise and clockwise; the stern bearing is sleeved on the stern shaft and is coaxially matched with the stern shaft, a second gap is formed between the inner surface of the stern bearing and the outer surface of the stern shaft, and the stern bearing is a ship stern bearing suitable for the full-working-condition propulsion system according to any one of the above items; the stern shaft tube is sleeved on the stern bearing and is coaxially matched with the stern bearing.

According to the full-working-condition propulsion system, the stern bearing is arranged in the stern shaft tube, the stern shaft is arranged in the stern bearing, the lubricating medium seawater contains abrasive dust through the first texture or the third texture arranged in the stern bearing and bears the pressure through the dynamic pressure texture area, the bearing capacity of the stern bearing is further improved under the action of the second texture, the lubricating performance of the stern bearing is further enhanced, and the problems of overhigh temperature rise of the stern bearing and the reduction of the service life of the stern bearing caused by long-time operation are solved; typically, the bearing sleeve outer diameter Dw is determined for a given stern shaft diameter D, the relation being: dw ═ 1.081D + 19.595; axial flow blades can be respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the stern bearing, the axial flow blades can be realized by axial flow impellers, and the front end axial flow impeller and the rear end axial flow impeller are respectively arranged on a stern shaft and are driven by the stern shaft to synchronously rotate; under normal working conditions, high pressure is formed between the front end axial flow blade and the full-working-condition stern bearing by the lubricating medium seawater, low pressure is formed between the rear end axial flow blade and the full-working-condition stern bearing, and under the action of pressure difference at two ends, the seawater automatically and forcibly enters a gap between the full-working-condition stern bearing and the stern shaft to complete self-forced circulation of the lubricating medium in the stern bearing under the normal working conditions; under the reverse sailing condition, high pressure is formed between the rear end axial flow blade and the full-condition stern bearing, low pressure is formed between the front end axial flow blade and the full-condition stern bearing, seawater enters a gap between the full-condition stern bearing and the stern shaft in a self-forcing mode under the action of pressure difference of two ends, and self-forcing circulation of a lubricating medium in the stern bearing under the reverse sailing condition is completed, so that the self-forcing circulation process of the lubricating medium seawater under the full-condition is realized; the full-working-condition propulsion system with the design greatly improves the bearing capacity and the abrasion resistance of the stern bearing, and can be suitable for all working conditions containing silt.

compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the full-working-condition stern bearing is sequentially divided into a front wear-resistant texture area, a dynamic pressure texture area and a rear wear-resistant texture area, under a normal working condition, after a lubricating medium enters the full-working-condition stern bearing, firstly, abrasive dusts such as silt and the like are contained through a first texture on the front wear-resistant texture area, and the abrasive dusts enter the first texture to be prevented from entering the dynamic pressure texture area; secondly, the seawater of the lubricating medium enters a dynamic pressure texture area, and the lubricating medium extrudes the second liner to enter a second texture on the second bearing sleeve due to high pressure caused by the eccentricity of a stern shaft of the propulsion system, namely the second liner enters the second blind hole, so that the bearing capacity of the stern bearing is improved; under the working condition of backward sailing, after a lubricating medium enters the full-working-condition stern bearing, firstly, the third texture on the rear wear-resistant texture area contains abrasive dust such as silt, and the abrasive dust enters the third texture to avoid entering a dynamic pressure texture area; secondly, the seawater of the lubricating medium enters a dynamic pressure texture area, and the lubricating medium extrudes the second liner to enter a second texture on the second bearing sleeve due to high pressure caused by the eccentricity of a stern shaft of the propulsion system, namely the second liner enters the second blind hole, so that the bearing capacity of the stern bearing is improved; the stern bearing has large bearing capacity and excellent abrasion resistance, can be well suitable for a propulsion system containing silt and under all working conditions, has long service life, and solves the contradiction between the bearing capacity of the stern bearing, the accommodation of abrasive dust, the multi-working condition and the like; the full-working-condition propulsion system obtained by the full-working-condition stern bearing greatly improves the bearing capacity and the abrasion resistance of the stern bearing, and can be suitable for all working conditions containing silt.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a full-service propulsion system according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the stern tube of FIG. 1 with the stern tube removed;

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the stern bearing of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the bearing housing of FIG. 3 from a single perspective;

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the bearing housing of FIG. 3 from another perspective;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the liner of FIG. 3 from a single perspective;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the liner of FIG. 3 from another perspective;

FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the axial flow impeller of FIG. 2;

FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of the stern shaft of FIG. 2;

FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of the stern tube of FIG. 1;

In the figure: 10-stern shaft; 20-an axial flow impeller; 30-stern bearing; 40-stern shaft tube; 21-front end axial flow impeller; 22-rear end axial flow impeller; 23-a clamp; 24-axial flow blades; 25-a hub; 31-a liner; 311-a flume; 32-a bearing sleeve; 33-lower water guide groove area; 34-a reverse high pressure region; 35-upper water guide groove area; 36-forward rotation high pressure region; 37-front wear resistant texture zone; 371 — first texture; 38-dynamic pressure textured area; 381-second texture; 39-rear wear resistant texture zone; 391-third texture.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 11, the full condition propulsion system of the present invention includes a stern shaft 10, a stern bearing 30, an axial flow impeller 20 and a stern shaft tube 40; the stern shaft 10 can rotate anticlockwise and clockwise under the driving action of the propulsion system, so that the driving force for forward and backward navigation rotation is provided, and under the normal working condition, the stern shaft 10 rotates anticlockwise, namely rotates in the positive direction; under the reverse sailing condition, the stern shaft 10 rotates clockwise, namely rotates reversely. The stern bearing 30 is sleeved on the outer surface of the stern shaft 10 and is coaxially matched with the stern shaft 10, a second gap is formed between the inner surface of the stern bearing 30 and the outer surface of the stern shaft 10, and the stern bearing 30 is a ship stern bearing 30 suitable for a full-working-condition propulsion system; the axial-flow impeller 20 is sleeved on the outer surface of the stern shaft 10 and is coaxially matched with the stern shaft 10, the axial-flow impeller 20 is respectively positioned at two ends of a stern bearing 30, namely a front-end axial-flow impeller 21 and a rear-end axial-flow impeller 22, the front-end axial-flow impeller 21 and the rear-end axial-flow impeller 22 respectively have a first gap with the end part of the stern bearing 30, namely the front end part and the rear end part, the axial-flow impeller 20 comprises a hub 25 and axial-flow blades 24 arranged on the hub 25, namely the front end and the rear end of the stern bearing 30 are respectively provided with the axial-flow blades 24 with the same direction, the axial-flow blades 24 are arranged on the hub 25, the axial-flow blades 24 have the first gap with the end part of the stern bearing 30, and the rotation direction of the axial-; the stern tube 40 is sleeved on the outer surface of the stern bearing 30 and coaxially matched with the stern bearing 30. In the full-working-condition propulsion system of the invention, a stern bearing 30 is arranged in a stern shaft tube 40, a stern shaft 10 is arranged in the stern bearing 30, axial flow impellers 20 are arranged at two ends, namely the front end and the rear end, of the stern bearing 30, the axial flow impellers 20 are self-forced circulation axial flow impellers 20, the axial flow impellers 20 are fixed on the stern shaft 10 and rotate along with the stern shaft 10, the axial flow impellers 20 are driven by the stern shaft 10 of the propulsion system, under the action of pressure difference generated by the axial flow impellers 20, lubricating medium seawater can forcibly enter the stern bearing 30, then, grinding dust is contained by a first texture 371 or a third texture 391 arranged in the stern bearing 30, pressure is borne by a second texture 381, under the action of the second texture 381, the bearing capacity of the stern bearing 30 is further improved, the lubricating performance of the stern bearing 30 is enhanced, the problems of overhigh temperature rise of the stern bearing 30 caused by long-time running and the reduction of the service life of the stern bearing 30 caused by the overhigh, it is suitable for all working conditions with silt.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 9 and fig. 10, in order to ensure the versatility and the full condition adaptability of the self-forced circulation axial flow impeller 20, the two axial flow impellers 20, i.e., the front end axial flow impeller 21 and the rear end axial flow impeller 22, adopt the same structural parameters and the same installation direction, the two hubs 25 on the axial flow impeller 20 are respectively a first hub and a second hub, and the first hub and the second hub are connected by the clamp 23. The axial flow impeller 20 is fixed with the stern shaft 10 through a hoop 23, so that the installation is convenient and the disassembly is convenient; in order to improve the balance of the self-forced circulation axial flow impeller 20, the axial flow blades 24 in the front end axial flow impeller 21 and the rear end axial flow impeller 22 are uniformly distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the hub 25. When the axial flow impeller 20 is installed, the rotating direction of the axial flow blades 24 is opposite to the rotating direction of the stern shaft 10 under the working condition that the ship moves forward, so that the lubricating medium seawater can smoothly enter the stern bearing 30 under the working condition that the ship moves forward, the rotating angle of the axial flow blades 24 is usually 30-50 degrees, and the number of the axial flow blades 24 is usually 4-6. The axial flow blade 24 of the self-forced circulation axial flow impeller 20 extends along the axial direction parallel to the stern shaft 10 for a distance 2-3 times of the thickness of the axial flow blade 24, and the outer diameter D of the axial flow blade 24_a＝(0.4-0.6)×(D₁+D₂) Wherein D is₁The inner diameter, D, of the stern bearing 30 in all operating conditions₂Is the outer diameter of the full condition stern bearing 30, and simultaneously, in order to ensure that the lubricating medium forms a stable high pressure flow field before entering the full condition stern bearing 30The distance between the forced circulation axial-flow impeller 20, i.e. the axial-flow blade 24, and the full-operating-condition stern bearing 30, i.e. the distance between the first gap and the axial direction parallel to the stern bearing 30, is 1.5 to 3.0 times, preferably 2.0 to 2.5 times, the extending distance of the axial-flow blade 24 on the forced circulation axial-flow impeller 20.

referring to fig. 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the stern bearing 30 for a ship suitable for a full-operating-condition propulsion system of the present invention is a full-operating-condition stern bearing 30, and in the radial direction, the stern bearing 30 sequentially comprises a hard bearing sleeve 32 and a rubber lining 31, and the inner surface of the bearing sleeve 32 is coaxially abutted to the outer surface of the lining 31; in the axial direction, the stern bearing 30 sequentially comprises a front wear-resistant texture area 37, a dynamic pressure texture area 38 and a rear wear-resistant texture area 39, wherein the front wear-resistant texture area 37 comprises a first bearing sleeve and a first liner, a plurality of first textures 371 are arranged on the first liner along the thickness direction of the first liner, and the first textures 371 are first blind holes arranged on the first liner; the dynamic pressure texture area 38 comprises a second bearing sleeve and a second lining, the thickness of the second bearing sleeve is greater than that of the first bearing sleeve, the thickness of the second lining is less than that of the first lining, a plurality of second textures 381 are arranged on the second bearing sleeve along the thickness direction of the second bearing sleeve, the second textures 381 are second blind holes arranged on the second bearing sleeve, and the second lining can be extruded by the high pressure of a lubricating medium to enter the second blind holes and reset after being retreated by the high pressure; the rear wear texture zone 39 includes a third bearing sleeve and a third liner with a third texture 391 disposed on the third liner along a thickness direction of the third liner, the third texture 391 being a third blind hole disposed on the third liner. The bearing sleeve 32 of the embodiment is a copper-based bearing sleeve 32, the lining 31 is a rubber lining 31, and the bearing sleeve 32 is closely matched with the rubber lining 31; when the stern shaft 10 rotates anticlockwise, the lubricating medium seawater enters the front wear-resistant texture area 37 under the action of the front end axial flow impeller 21, the first texture 371 on the front wear-resistant texture area 37 accommodates abrasive dust such as silt, and the like, and meanwhile, the abrasive dust is prevented from entering the lubricating medium from the first texture 371, so that the abrasive dust is effectively prevented from entering the dynamic pressure texture area 38; then, the seawater as the lubricating medium enters the dynamic pressure texture area 38, and the lubricating medium extrudes the second liner to enter the second texture 381 on the second bearing sleeve due to the high pressure caused by the eccentricity of the stern shaft 10 of the propulsion system, so that the bearing capacity of the stern bearing 30 is improved; when the stern shaft 10 rotates clockwise, the lubricating medium seawater enters the rear wear-resistant texture area 39 under the action of the rear axial flow impeller 22, the third texture 391 on the rear wear-resistant texture area 39 accommodates abrasive dust such as silt, and the like, and meanwhile, the abrasive dust is prevented from entering the lubricating medium from the third texture 391, so that the abrasive dust is effectively prevented from entering the dynamic pressure texture area 38; then, the seawater as the lubricating medium enters the dynamic pressure texture area 38, and the lubricating medium extrudes the second liner to enter the second texture 381 on the second bearing sleeve due to the high pressure caused by the eccentricity of the stern shaft 10 of the propulsion system, so that the bearing capacity of the stern bearing 30 is improved; the stern bearing 30 provided by the method has the advantages of sufficient supply of the lubricating medium, large bearing capacity and excellent abrasion resistance, can be well suitable for a propulsion system containing silt and under all working conditions, has long service life, and solves the contradiction between the bearing capacity, the abrasive dust containing capacity, the multi-working condition, the lubricating medium supply and the like of the stern bearing 30.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 7 and fig. 8, the plurality of first textures 371 on the front wear-resistant texture area 37 are divided into a plurality of rows upward along the circumferential direction of the front wear-resistant texture area 37, each row of first textures 371 is distributed in a wave shape along the axial direction of the front wear-resistant texture area 37, the plurality of third textures 391 on the rear wear-resistant texture area 39 is also divided into a plurality of rows upward along the circumferential direction of the rear wear-resistant texture area 39, and each row of third textures 391 is also distributed in a wave shape along the axial direction of the rear wear-resistant texture area 39; the waveform may be sine wave or cosine wave, and the amplitude of the waveform is based on the first texture 371 arranged in any axial direction in the front anti-wear texture area 37 and the third texture 391 arranged in any axial direction in the rear anti-wear texture area 39, so as to ensure that the abrasive dust is fully contained before entering the dynamic pressure texture area 38, and effectively prevent the abrasion of the stern shaft 10 caused by the abrasive dust entering the dynamic pressure texture area 38. Preferably, the plurality of second textures 381 on the dynamic pressure texture region 38 are distributed in a uniform linear array upward along the ring of the dynamic pressure texture region 38, and such uniform linear array distribution of the second textures 381 can better improve the bearing capacity of the dynamic pressure texture region 38.

Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, since the ship mainly operates in the forward running mode and assists in the reverse running mode, preferably, the axial length of the front wear-resistant texture zone 37 is greater than that of the rear wear-resistant texture zone 39; meanwhile, to ensure the bearing capacity of the stern bearing 30 under all operating conditions, the axial length ratio of the front wear-resistant texture area 37, the dynamic pressure texture area 38 and the rear wear-resistant texture area 39 is more preferably 3: 5: 2. in order to lead out the abrasive dust and dissipate heat in time, preferably, the stern bearing 30 is further provided with a plurality of water chutes 311 in an axial direction, and the cross section of each water chute 311 comprises three sections of circular arcs with equal diameters; the water chute 311 is provided to guide the lubrication medium, i.e. seawater, to enter the interior of the stern bearing 30 and flow along the inner surface of the stern bearing 30 for better lubrication. Preferably, in the circumferential direction of the stern bearing 30, starting from the gravity load action line, along the normal rotation direction of the stern shaft 10, i.e. the counterclockwise rotation direction, the stern bearing 30 sequentially comprises a lower water guiding groove area 33, a reverse rotation high pressure area 34, an upper water guiding groove area 35 and a forward rotation high pressure area 36 in the circumferential direction, and the second texture 381 on the dynamic pressure texture area 38 is arranged on the reverse rotation high pressure area 34 and the forward rotation high pressure area 36; the four regions are typically all disposed at 90 deg., and the line of action of the gravitational load passes through the centers of the upper flume region 35 and the lower flume region 33. Preferably, the upper and lower flume sections 35 and 33 employ identical structural parameters and the forward and reverse high-pressure sections 36 and 34 employ identical structural parameters. In order to improve the chip receiving efficiency, the first texture 371 on the front wear-resistant texture zone 37 and the second texture 381 on the rear wear-resistant texture zone 39 are arranged in a full circle; to save tooling costs, the second texture 381 on the dynamic pressure texture zone 38 is provided only on the forward and reverse high pressure zones 36, 34. The second texture 381 on the dynamic pressure texture area 38 of the invention is processed on the second bearing sleeve to ensure that the stern bearing 30 selects a bearing area by itself under different operating conditions of the stern shaft 10, and the second texture 381 is processed in a high pressure area or above to effectively improve the bearing capacity of the stern bearing 30, otherwise, the bearing capacity of the stern bearing 30 is reduced; when the stern shaft 10 normally works, as the stern shaft 10 is eccentric, high pressure is generated in the forward rotation high pressure area 36, the second lining is pressed into the second blind hole of the second bearing sleeve under the action of the high pressure, and the pressure is further improved under the action of the second texture 381, so that the pressure accumulation effect of the second texture 381 is continuously exerted in the working process of the stern shaft 10; when the stern shaft 10 rotates reversely, high pressure generated by the eccentricity of the stern shaft 10 is in the reverse rotation high pressure area 34, and the second texture 381 generates a pressure accumulation effect under the action of the reverse rotation high pressure so as to adapt to the full working condition of the propulsion system.

referring to fig. 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8, for the convenience of processing, improving the convenience of processing and forming, and facilitating the entry of abrasive dust, the first texture 371 on the front wear-resistant texture area 37 is cylindrical, the third texture 391 on the rear wear-resistant texture area 39 is also cylindrical, and the first texture 371 and the third texture 391 are respectively processed on the first liner and the third liner; in order to further improve the bearing capacity of the dynamic pressure texture area 38 and improve the use effect thereof, the second texture 381 on the dynamic pressure texture area 38 is in a regular quadrangular prism shape, and the second texture 381 is processed on the second bearing sleeve. In order to further improve the bearing capacity of the ship stern bearing 30, the side length of the second texture 381 on the dynamic pressure texture area 38 is 0.5-0.8mm, and the depth is 0.01-0.03 mm; in order to facilitate timely entry of abrasive dust and effectively prevent the abrasive dust from entering a lubricating medium again, the straight paths of the first texture 371 on the front wear-resistant texture area 37 and the third texture 391 on the rear wear-resistant texture area 39 are both 2-3 times the side length of the second texture 381 on the dynamic pressure texture area 38, and the depths of the first texture 371 on the front wear-resistant texture area 37 and the third texture 391 on the rear wear-resistant texture area 39 are both 100-200 times the depth of the second texture 381 on the dynamic pressure texture area 38. In the present invention, the thickness of the first liner on the front wear-resistant texture zone 37 is equal to the thickness of the third liner on the rear wear-resistant texture zone 39, and the thickness of the first bearing sleeve on the front wear-resistant texture zone 37 is equal to the thickness of the third bearing sleeve on the rear wear-resistant texture zone 39; the thickness of the second liner over the dynamic pressure textured area 38 is 1/3 of the thickness of the first liner over the front wear resistant textured area 37, and the second bearing sleeve over the dynamic pressure textured area 38 projects inwardly by the same thickness. Specifically, the outer surface of the bearing sleeve 32 in the stern bearing 30 is located on the same cylindrical surface, the inner surface of the bearing sleeve 32 is kept consistent in the front wear-resistant texture area 37 and the rear wear-resistant texture area 39 and is also located on the same cylindrical surface, and the inner surface of the bearing sleeve 32 is arranged to be inwardly protruded in the dynamic pressure texture area 38; meanwhile, the inner surface of the liner 31 in the stern bearing 30 is positioned on the same cylindrical surface, the outer surface of the liner 31 is kept consistent in the front wear-resistant texture area 37 and the rear wear-resistant texture area 39 and is also positioned on the same cylindrical surface, and the outer surface of the liner 31 is inwards recessed in the dynamic pressure texture area 38; this arrangement of the bearing housing 32 and the liner 31 substantially ensures a tight fit therebetween, while ensuring axial securement of the liner 31 and the bearing housing 32.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the full-working-condition stern bearing 30 is sequentially divided into a front wear-resistant texture area 37, a dynamic pressure texture area 38 and a rear wear-resistant texture area 39, under the normal working condition, after a lubricating medium enters the full-working-condition stern bearing 30, firstly, abrasive dust such as silt is contained through a first texture 371 on the front wear-resistant texture area 37, and the abrasive dust enters the first texture 371 to be prevented from entering the dynamic pressure texture area 38; secondly, the seawater as the lubricating medium enters the dynamic pressure texture area 38, and under the action of the second texture 381, the high pressure caused by the eccentricity of the stern shaft 10 of the propulsion system can enable the lubricating medium to extrude the second liner to enter the second texture 381 on the second bearing sleeve, namely the second liner enters the second blind hole, so that the bearing capacity of the stern bearing 30 is improved; under the reverse sailing condition, after a lubricating medium enters the full-condition stern bearing 30, firstly, the third texture 391 on the rear wear-resistant texture area 39 contains abrasive dust such as silt, and the abrasive dust enters the third texture 391 and is prevented from entering the dynamic pressure texture area 38; secondly, the seawater of the lubricating medium enters the dynamic pressure texture area 38, and the lubricating medium extrudes the second liner to enter the second texture 381 on the second bearing sleeve due to the high pressure caused by the eccentricity of the stern shaft 10 of the propulsion system, namely the second liner enters the second blind hole, so that the bearing capacity of the stern bearing 30 is improved; the stern bearing 30 has large bearing capacity and excellent abrasion resistance, can be well suitable for a propulsion system containing silt and under all working conditions, has long service life, and solves the contradiction between the bearing capacity of the stern bearing 30, the accommodation of abrasive dust, the multi-working condition and the like; the full working condition propulsion system obtained by the full working condition stern bearing 30 greatly improves the bearing capacity and the abrasion resistance of the stern bearing 30, and can be suitable for all working conditions containing silt.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.