阅读说明：本技术 一种检查调整放样点和投线点位置的方法 (method for checking and adjusting positions of lofting point and cast line point ) 是由 刘冠斌 贾盛华 刘晓龙 杨�远 庞俊明 王爱明 王林 刘鹏 宋小征 杜利军 于 2019-09-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及测绘工程技术领域,是一种检查调整放样点和投线点位置的方法,具体为已知初始点位以及长短边的设计距离,将经纬仪架设在实际的放样点进行测绘,通过测量得到新的放样点长短边的距离,之后利用角度与距离原理和相似三角形等比原理确定相似三角形边的固定比,得出实际放样点在南北或东西方向需要移动的距离；本发能够最大程度使移动后的放样点复位,从而减小放样点挪动后复位过程中造成的误差。(The invention relates to the technical field of surveying and mapping engineering, in particular to a method for checking and adjusting positions of lofting points and cast line points, which is characterized in that the design distances of an initial point position and long and short sides are known, a theodolite is erected at an actual lofting point for surveying and mapping, the distance of the long and short sides of a new lofting point is obtained through measurement, then the fixed ratio of the sides of a similar triangle is determined by utilizing an angle and distance principle and a similar triangle geometric proportion principle, and the distance that the actual lofting point needs to move in the north-south or east-west direction is obtained; this send out can make the lofting point after the removal reset to the at utmost to reduce the lofting point and move the error that the in-process that resets caused.)

1. A method for checking and adjusting the positions of lofting points and cast line points is characterized in that an initial lofting point A, B, C, D is known to form a rectangle ABCD, and the long side length of the rectangle ABCD is x and the short side length of the rectangle ABCD is y through calculation; when the point location changes in the actual environment, the changed location is adjusted to be close to or even return to the location of the initial ABCD, specifically including the following steps:

a) When the point A moves to the position of another point C on the right-angle ADC, the theodolite is erected on the point A' so that the laser of the theodolite coincides with the actual point; setting the horizontal angle to zero at a rear viewpoint position D 'in the longitudinal direction, rotating by 90 degrees, finding an actual point B' in the 90-degree direction to connect B 'C' and D 'C', and obtaining an existing rectangular lofting point position A 'B' C 'D', which is obtained by rotating ABCD, wherein the side lengths of the rectangle A 'B' C 'D' and the rectangle ABCD are equal;

b) Setting a foot C ' E of the CD to intersect with the foot E by taking C ' as a starting point, forming a right-angled triangle by C ' ED ', and measuring the distance of the C ' E as z;

c) B ' is taken as a starting point, a vertical foot FB ' of the AB is crossed with the F, the A ' FB ' forms a right-angled triangle, B ' F = C ' E is obtained according to the similar triangle principle, and the distance of the B ' F is z;

d) The triangle formed by triangle AA 'D and a' FB 'and C' ED 'are both similar triangles, measuring AA' at a distance z ', so that their long to short ratio is equal, the ratio of the distance a' moves at the short side AB to the distance B 'moves at the long side BC being x/y = z'/z;

e) And the distance xz/z 'of moving the A' to the north in the south-north direction is equal to the distance yz '/z of moving the C' to the west in the east-west direction, and the moving rule is that two sides of the right-angle ADC move to one direction according to the length-to-side ratio, so that the moved sampling point is close to or returns to the initial state.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of surveying and mapping engineering, in particular to a method for checking and adjusting positions of lofting points and casting points.

Background

Because in the construction process of setting out a main body through a plummet and a total station, the inaccuracy of a cast point caused by environmental factors (vibration, wind blowing and the like), personal errors of operating the plummet, errors of an instrument body, hole shading and light refraction, and the inaccuracy of the set point caused by errors of the instrument body, errors of an operator body, temperature, wind power, rear view prism and the like in setting out through the total station.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a method for adjusting point positions, and effectively eliminates errors generated when lofting points are adjusted.

the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

A method for checking and adjusting positions of lofting points and cast line points is characterized in that known initial lofting points A, B, C, D form a rectangle ABCD, and the long side length of the rectangle ABCD is x, and the short side length of the rectangle ABCD is y; when the point changes in the actual environment, the changed position is adjusted to be close to or even return to the position of the original ABCD, which specifically includes the following steps, as shown in fig. 3.

a) When the point A moves to the position of another point C on the right-angle ADC, the theodolite is erected on the point A' so that the laser of the theodolite coincides with the actual point; and (3) setting the horizontal angle to zero at a rear viewpoint position D 'in the long direction, rotating by 90 degrees, finding an actual point B' in the 90-degree direction to connect B 'C' and D 'C', and obtaining an existing rectangular lofting point position A 'B' C 'D', which is obtained by rotating the ABCD, wherein the side lengths of the rectangle A 'B' C 'D' and the rectangle ABCD are equal.

b) And setting a vertical foot C ' E of the CD to intersect with the E by taking C ' as a starting point, forming a right-angled triangle by C ' ED ', and measuring the distance of the C ' E as z.

c) And B ' is taken as a starting point, the vertical foot FB ' of the AB is crossed with the F, the A ' FB ' forms a right-angled triangle, B ' F = C ' E is obtained according to the similar triangle principle, and the distance of the B ' F is z.

d) The triangle formed by triangle AA 'D and a' FB 'and C' ED 'are both similar triangles, measuring AA' at a distance z ', so their long to short ratio is equal, a' moving at short side AB at a distance x/y = z '/z to B' moving at long side BC.

e) and the distance xz/z 'of moving the A' to the north in the south-north direction is equal to the distance yz '/z of moving the C' to the west in the east-west direction, and the moving rule is that two sides of the right-angle ADC move to one direction according to the length-to-side ratio, so that the moved sampling point is close to or returns to the initial state.

As shown in FIG. 1:

The instrument is erected on the point A, the point D is viewed from the back, the angle is rotated to the point B by 90 degrees, if the angle is larger or smaller than 90 degrees, only the point B and the point D are determined by two sides of the triangle, and the angle of the two sides is determined only when the distance between the point BC and the point CD is determined. The point location can be adjusted by this method to return to near or back to the original point location.

compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention determines the fixed ratio of the sides of the similar triangle by utilizing the geometric proportion principle of the similar triangle, obtains the specific moving distance of the lofting point according to the distance relation between the 90-degree control principle of the total station (theodolite) and the adjacent points, and can reset the lofting point after moving to the maximum extent, thereby reducing the error caused in the resetting process after the lofting point is moved.

2. The adjusting method is not only suitable for the pay-off point throwing point of the high-rise construction vertical alignment instrument, but also suitable for all lofting of the total station.

3. Not only can check the lofting point, but also can reduce the inevitable error in the process of surveying through the angle distance relation.

4. The construction quality is improved, the safety of the engineering is improved, and the integral attractiveness of the building is improved, so that the construction rework amount is reduced, the construction cost is reduced, and the completion acceptance difficulty is reduced.

5. The method can avoid the reworking of all the point positions caused by the error of part of the point positions.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a diagram of the projected line points or lofting points of the ABCD four points.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of actual adjustment of the lofting points based on the initial lofting point presetting.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating expected adjustment of lofting points based on initial lofting point presetting according to the present invention.

In the figure: A. b, C, D is the initial lofting point, A ', B', C ', D' are the actual lofting points after the lofting points are moved. a. b, c and d are the side length of the rectangle.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.

1. Preparation for administration

Instrument and personnel preparation: one theodolite, one pair of foot rests, one 50-meter measuring tape, one 5-meter measuring tape, one pair of interphones and one theodolite operator.

2. Conditions of application

1) Four known cast points ABCD are required, 2) the wind power rating must not be greater than 4, no rain, heavy fog weather 3) there are no vibration sources around the instrument such as construction machinery.

3. Erecting theodolite

Before measuring by using an instrument, firstly, finding the point location needing to be projected by using a plumb aligner, erecting the instrument, aligning the point location to the point location projected by the plumb aligner, and leveling the instrument.

4. Measuring the length of each point

And measuring the distance between the point positions by using a measuring tape and recording the distance, and comparing the measured length with the designed value of the point positions and recording the distance.

5. Rear view point

setting a connected point position on the erected theodolite in the back view direction, setting the horizontal angle to zero, turning 90 degrees, finding another projected point in the 90-degree direction, erecting the theodolite on a point A for the projected point in the ABCD shown in figure 1, and turning 90 degrees to a point B for the back view D.

6. Position of adjustment point

The initial lofting point needs to be approved and adjusted discontinuously, and specifically, a point position resetting moving distance and a similar triangle geometric proportion principle are obtained according to a total station or theodolite 90-degree control principle and an adjacent point distance relation to determine a fixed proportion adjustment point position of a similar triangle side.

a) As shown in fig. 1, the actual value that requires less adjustment points or has only one side of the angle opposite side is different from the value to be adjusted: the point A is not deviated, the BC length is equal to the design length, when the CD length is not equal to the design length, because the coordinate of the ABCD point forms a cuboid, the instrument is erected on the point A, the instrument level is set to zero by looking back at the point D, and the point B is rotated by 90 degrees, because the factor for determining the angle DAB size is only the lengths of the CD and the BC, if the lengths of the BC and the CD are not consistent with the original length, the size of the DAB can be influenced by the factor, and the angle is larger than or smaller than 90 degrees. When the angle is larger than 90 degrees, and the length of the CD which is measured by the user is larger than the actual length, because only the length of the BC and the CD affects the size of the angle, the length of the BC is fixed, the length of the measured CD is large, the D point can be moved to the south until the angle DAB is 90 degrees, the length of the CD is measured, if the length of the CD is long or short, the position of the C point can be adjusted in the north-south direction until the distance of the CD is equal to the actual distance, and the rest of the points can be analogized.

b) As shown in fig. 2, assuming that the point a of the ABCD is shifted 20 to the point B so that the ABCD rotates at the point D to have a B C D, a length of 200 and a width of 100, the point C is shifted 9.95 at a shift ratio of 20: 9.95 is equal to 2:1 and is the proportion of the long side and the short side of the cuboid, because the triangle formed after the rotation is similar, when the instrument is erected to the D point and needs to be adjusted at A, D two points, the distance of the point position moving in the short direction and the long direction is adjusted according to the proportion of the long side and the short side.

c) As shown in fig. 1, point A is not deviated, when the lengths of BC and CD are not equal to the design lengths, because coordinates of the ABCD points form a cuboid, the instrument is erected on point A, the instrument is set to zero by looking back at point D, and the point B is rotated by 90 degrees, because the factor for determining the size of angle DAB is only the lengths of CD and BC, if the lengths of BC and CD are not consistent with the original length, the size of angle DAB can be influenced by BC and CD, and the angle is larger than or smaller than 90 degrees. When the angle is larger than 90 degrees, and the length of the BC and the CD measured by the user is larger than the actual length, because only the length of the BC and the CD affects the size of the angle, the length of the CD and the BC can be measured again after the point D of the B point is moved to 90 degrees according to the length-to-edge ratio in the direction of 90 degrees by the method of B), if the length is still long or short, the position of the point C can be adjusted in the north-south direction until the distance between the BC and the CD is equal to the actual distance angle of 90 degrees, and the like for other points.

The invention adjusts the specific moving distance of the point location by utilizing the 90-degree control principle of the theodolite and the length relation of opposite sides, and determines the fixed ratio of the sides of the similar triangle by utilizing the geometric proportion principle of the similar triangle, so that the moved lofting point can be reset to the maximum extent, and the error caused in the resetting process after the lofting point is moved is reduced.

While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.