阅读说明：本技术 一种磨抛测一体化砂带工具 (Grinding, polishing and measuring integrated abrasive belt tool ) 是由 卢中阳 杨旭 赵继 曲兴田 谢国宏 于 2019-09-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种磨抛测一体化砂带工具,属于精密自由曲面磨削抛光领域。连杆升降单元固定于壳体上部,公转支撑单元固定在连杆升降单元下方,自转驱动单元固定在公转支撑单元上部,公转驱动单元固定在公转支撑单元下部,砂带导轮单元固定在公转支撑单元上,接触轮单元和激光测距仪固定在公转支撑单元下部。优点是兼具测量、磨削和抛光能力,通过伸缩气缸驱动公转支架改变工具加工模式,过程快速简单,工具具有快速磨削模式、精密抛光模式和光整抛光模式,可以在一次装夹中完成从毛坯到成品的加工过程,适用于对效率和质量都有要求的自由曲面一体化加工。(The invention relates to a grinding, polishing and measuring integrated abrasive belt tool, and belongs to the field of precise free-form surface grinding and polishing. The connecting rod lifting unit is fixed on the upper part of the shell, the revolution supporting unit is fixed below the connecting rod lifting unit, the rotation driving unit is fixed on the upper part of the revolution supporting unit, the revolution driving unit is fixed on the lower part of the revolution supporting unit, the abrasive belt guide wheel unit is fixed on the revolution supporting unit, and the contact wheel unit and the laser range finder are fixed on the lower part of the revolution supporting unit. The tool has the advantages that the tool has measurement, grinding and polishing capabilities, the revolution support is driven by the telescopic cylinder to change the tool machining mode, the process is quick and simple, the tool has a quick grinding mode, a precise polishing mode and a finishing polishing mode, the machining process from a blank to a finished product can be completed in one-time clamping, and the tool is suitable for the integrated machining of the free-form surface with requirements on efficiency and quality.)

1. The utility model provides a grind and throw survey integration abrasive band instrument which characterized in that: the abrasive belt grinding machine comprises a shell unit, a connecting rod lifting unit, a revolution supporting unit, an autorotation driving unit, a revolution driving unit, an abrasive belt guide wheel unit, a contact wheel unit and a laser range finder, wherein the connecting rod lifting unit is fixed at the upper part of the shell, the revolution supporting unit is fixed below the connecting rod lifting unit, the autorotation driving unit is fixed at the upper part of the revolution supporting unit, the revolution driving unit is fixed at the lower part of the revolution supporting unit, the abrasive belt guide wheel unit is fixed on the revolution supporting unit, and the contact wheel unit and the laser range finder are fixed at the lower.

2. the abrasive belt grinding, polishing and testing integrated tool of claim 1, wherein: the housing unit includes a link housing, a main housing, a first ring gear housing, and a second ring gear housing, wherein the link housing, the main housing, the first ring gear housing, and the second ring gear housing are respectively connected by bolts.

3. the abrasive belt grinding, polishing and testing integrated tool of claim 1, wherein: the connecting rod lifting unit comprises a telescopic cylinder, a short connecting rod, a first long connecting rod, a second long connecting rod, a third long connecting rod, a fourth long connecting rod and a support connecting rod, wherein the first long connecting rod, the second long connecting rod, the third long connecting rod and the fourth long connecting rod form a four-connecting-rod structure, the upper part of the four-connecting-rod structure is connected inside a connecting rod shell, the lower part of the four-connecting-rod structure is hinged with the support connecting rod, the telescopic cylinder is fixed on one side of the connecting rod shell, and one end of the telescopic cylinder is connected with the four-connecting-rod.

4. The abrasive belt grinding, polishing and testing integrated tool of claim 1, wherein: the revolution supporting unit comprises a first bolt, a revolution end cover, a first revolution bearing, a second revolution bearing, a revolution support and a second bolt, wherein the first bolt and the second bolt are inserted into the main shell, and the revolution support is connected to the support connecting rod through the first revolution bearing, the second revolution bearing and the revolution end cover.

5. The abrasive belt grinding, polishing and testing integrated tool of claim 1, wherein: the revolution driving unit comprises a motor, a first gear ring, a driving shaft, a driving bearing, a second revolution gear, a first revolution gear, a second gear ring and a driving shaft end cover, wherein the motor is fixed on one side of the lower part of the revolution support, the driving shaft is connected to the motor and fixed on the lower part of the revolution support through the driving bearing and the driving shaft end cover, and the first revolution gear and the second revolution gear are fixed on the driving shaft and can be respectively meshed with the first gear ring and the second gear ring fixed on the first gear ring shell and the second gear ring shell.

6. the abrasive belt grinding, polishing and testing integrated tool of claim 1, wherein: the rotation driving unit comprises a driven shaft, a first driven bearing, a driven shaft end cover, a second driven bearing, a first rotation gear, a second rotation gear and a driving belt wheel, wherein the driven shaft is fixed on the upper portion of the revolution support through the first driven bearing, the second driven bearing and the driven shaft end cover, the driving belt wheel is fixed on the driving shaft, and the driven shaft is connected with the driving shaft through the first rotation gear and the second rotation gear.

7. The abrasive belt grinding, polishing and testing integrated tool of claim 1, wherein: the abrasive belt guide wheel unit comprises an abrasive belt, a first primary guide wheel, a first secondary guide wheel, a first guide wheel row, a first tertiary guide wheel, a second primary guide wheel, a second secondary guide wheel, a second guide wheel row and a second tertiary guide wheel, wherein the first primary guide wheel and the second primary guide wheel are fixed on the upper portion of the revolution support, the first guide wheel row and the second guide wheel row are fixed on the lower portion of the revolution support, and the first secondary guide wheel, the second secondary guide wheel, the first tertiary guide wheel and the second tertiary guide wheel are fixed on the first guide wheel row and the second guide wheel row.

8. The abrasive belt grinding, polishing and testing integrated tool of claim 1, wherein: the contact wheel unit comprises a contact wheel row, a rapid grinding contact wheel, a finishing polishing contact wheel, a precision polishing contact wheel, a contact wheel bearing and a gland nut, wherein the contact wheel row is fixed on the lower part of the revolution bracket through the contact wheel bearing and the gland nut, and the rapid grinding contact wheel, the finishing polishing contact wheel and the precision polishing contact wheel are fixed on the contact wheel row.

9. the abrasive belt grinding, polishing and testing integrated tool of claim 8, wherein: the quick grinding contact wheel adopts transverse grains, the precision polishing contact wheel adopts a rectangular block, and the finishing polishing contact wheel adopts longitudinal grains.

Technical Field

the invention belongs to the field of precise free-form surface grinding and polishing, relates to an abrasive belt grinding and polishing device, in particular to an abrasive belt tool integrating grinding, polishing and measuring,

Background

as a composite processing technology with multiple functions of grinding, polishing and the like, the abrasive belt grinding technology is subjected to the development processes from manual grinding, a special grinding machine to automatic control and the like from generation to now. In recent years, the application of abrasive belt grinding technology is more extensive, and the application is mainly embodied in the field of grinding and polishing, particularly the field of blade processing, and is also applied in the fields of gear end face grinding and polishing, tempered glass edge grinding, steel rail grinding, rifle box polishing and the like. Compared with the traditional grinding wheel grinding method, the belt grinding has the following three advantages: firstly, the contact between the abrasive belt and the processing surface belongs to flexible contact, and the surface appearance of a workpiece is not easy to damage; secondly, the abrasive particle cutting edge of the abrasive belt is sharper than abrasive particles of a grinding wheel, so that the grinding capacity is stronger; and finally, the abrasive belt grinding is cold grinding, the surface temperature of a ground workpiece is low, and the situation of grinding burn is not easy to occur.

In western countries such as europe and america, early research in the field of belt grinding technology has enabled belt grinding machines to be manufactured for a wide variety of applications, with us being the most productive field in which wood is processed into various metallic materials, and belt grinding technology is used in almost all fields. The research of the abrasive belt grinding machine is started in Germany, the processing precision of the machine tool is improved on the structural design according to the working characteristics of the abrasive belt grinding machine, and the abrasive belt grinding machine has strong advantages in the fields of heavy-load abrasive belt grinding heads and high-efficiency powerful abrasive belt grinding machines. The six-axis numerical control abrasive belt grinding machine MTS100-6CNC developed by German IBS company can process blades with various profiles, has various modes such as profile grinding, pressure control grinding, numerical control grinding force processing and the like, and has higher processing precision and efficiency.

however, unlike the wide application of belt grinding in the semi-precision machining field, the application of belt polishing in the free-form surface precision machining field is greatly limited. One of the important limiting factors is that the belt-polish removal function is arcuate in shape, which is quite different from the ideal gaussian-like removal function. The arch removal function can cause influence on the periphery of a processing contact point, error convergence is difficult to realize, obvious strip removal traces can be remained on the surface of the workpiece, the integral smoothness of the surface of the workpiece is damaged, and the method is not suitable for finishing processing with high requirements on the surface quality of the workpiece and precision processing with high requirements on the shape precision of the workpiece.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a grinding, polishing and testing integrated abrasive belt tool, which solves the problem that the traditional abrasive belt grinding tool does not have the capability of precise fixed point shape correction.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the abrasive belt grinding machine comprises a shell unit, a connecting rod lifting unit, a revolution supporting unit, an autorotation driving unit, a revolution driving unit, an abrasive belt guide wheel unit, a contact wheel unit and a laser range finder, wherein the connecting rod lifting unit is fixed at the upper part of the shell, the revolution supporting unit is fixed below the connecting rod lifting unit, the autorotation driving unit is fixed at the upper part of the revolution supporting unit, the revolution driving unit is fixed at the lower part of the revolution supporting unit, the abrasive belt guide wheel unit is fixed on the revolution supporting unit, and the contact wheel unit and the laser range finder are fixed at the lower.

the shell unit comprises a connecting rod shell, a main shell, a first gear ring shell and a second gear ring shell, wherein the connecting rod shell, the main shell, the first gear ring shell and the second gear ring shell are respectively connected through bolts;

The invention relates to a connecting rod lifting unit, which comprises a telescopic cylinder, a short connecting rod, a first long connecting rod, a second long connecting rod, a third long connecting rod, a fourth long connecting rod and a support connecting rod, wherein the first long connecting rod, the second long connecting rod, the third long connecting rod and the fourth long connecting rod form a four-connecting-rod structure, the upper part of the four-connecting-rod structure is connected inside a connecting rod shell, the lower part of the four-connecting-rod structure is hinged with the support connecting rod, the telescopic cylinder is fixed on one side of the connecting rod shell, and one end of the telescopic cylinder is connected with the four;

the revolution supporting unit comprises a first bolt, a revolution end cover, a first revolution bearing, a second revolution bearing, a revolution support and a second bolt, wherein the first bolt and the second bolt are inserted into the main shell, and the revolution support is connected to a support connecting rod through the first revolution bearing, the second revolution bearing and the revolution end cover;

the revolution driving unit comprises a motor, a first gear ring, a driving shaft, a driving bearing, a second revolution gear, a first revolution gear, a second gear ring and a driving shaft end cover, wherein the motor is fixed on one side of the lower part of a revolution support;

The rotation driving unit comprises a driven shaft, a first driven bearing, a driven shaft end cover, a second driven bearing, a first rotation gear, a second rotation gear and a driving belt wheel, wherein the driven shaft is fixed on the upper part of a revolution support through the first driven bearing, the second driven bearing and the driven shaft end cover;

The abrasive belt guide wheel unit comprises an abrasive belt, a first primary guide wheel, a first secondary guide wheel, a first guide wheel row, a first tertiary guide wheel, a second primary guide wheel, a second secondary guide wheel, a second guide wheel row and a second tertiary guide wheel, wherein the first primary guide wheel and the second primary guide wheel are fixed on the upper part of a revolution bracket;

The contact wheel unit comprises a contact wheel row, a rapid grinding contact wheel, a finishing polishing contact wheel, a precision polishing contact wheel, a contact wheel bearing and a gland nut, wherein the contact wheel row is fixed at the lower part of a revolution bracket through the contact wheel bearing and the gland nut, and the rapid grinding contact wheel, the finishing polishing contact wheel and the precision polishing contact wheel are fixed on the contact wheel row.

The invention has the capability of measuring the surface appearance of a workpiece, can select a corresponding processing mode according to a measurement result, has three motion modes of quick grinding, finishing and polishing and precise polishing, and is respectively used for quick material removal, finishing and grinding grain removal on the surface and precise fixed point removal, thereby completing all procedures of precise processing of a free-form surface in one clamping, eliminating processing errors caused by repeated loading and unloading and improving the processing efficiency.

the invention has the following advantages:

1. The invention has the capabilities of measurement, grinding and polishing, changes the processing mode of the tool by driving the revolution bracket by the telescopic cylinder, has quick and simple process, has the modes of quick grinding, precision polishing and finishing polishing, can finish the processing process from a blank to a finished product in one clamping, and is suitable for the integrated processing of the free-form surface with requirements on efficiency and quality.

2. the invention improves the motion mode of the traditional abrasive belt polishing, drives the revolution motion through the autorotation motion, and drives the abrasive belt to form a Gaussian-like removal function on the surface of a workpiece through a motor, so that the abrasive belt tool has the capability of fixed-point precise removal.

3. The invention improves the traditional arrangement mode of the abrasive belt, the abrasive belt is respectively wound on the driving belt wheel and the driven shaft and rotates in one direction along with the driving belt wheel and the driven shaft, the length of the abrasive belt is greatly prolonged, cold grinding can be kept in heavy-load high-efficiency strong grinding without cooling liquid, the requirements on a machine tool cooling system and a filtering system are reduced, and the service life of the abrasive belt is prolonged.

4. The invention adopts the mode that the elastic drum-shaped contact wheel is matched with the gradual change guide wheel, so that the abrasive belt is gradually bent and tightly enveloped on the contact wheel, the abrasive belt is prevented from being separated by stress in a polishing mode, the grinding tool head automatically adapts to the shape of a processed surface, the flexible processing with uniform contact force is carried out, and the processed surface is protected from being damaged.

5. according to the invention, the laser range finder is arranged at the bottom of the tool, and the surface appearance of the workpiece is obtained by measuring the distance between the workpiece and the tool, so that the in-situ measurement of the workpiece is realized, the error caused by the out-of-position measurement is reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved.

6. the invention drives the two-degree-of-freedom motion through the single motor and can use two different revolution and rotation speed ratios by switching the processing modes, thereby reducing the structural redundancy, being beneficial to maintaining the stable revolution and rotation speed ratio and improving the stability of the removal function.

Drawings

FIG. 1a is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 1b is a right side view of FIG. 1 a;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the present invention;

FIG. 3a is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1 b;

FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1 a;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the revolution support of the invention;

FIG. 5a is a schematic view of the present invention in a rapid grinding mode;

FIG. 5b is a schematic view of the precision polishing mode of the present invention;

FIG. 6a is a graph of the arch removal function of the present invention;

FIG. 6b is a graph of the results of the surface finish formed by the arch removal function of the present invention;

FIG. 6c is a graph of a Gaussian-like removal function of the present invention;

FIG. 6d is a graph of the surface finish resulting from the Gaussian-like removal function of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a difference diagram of the shape of the removal function in the precision polishing and the skin polishing states according to the present invention;

FIG. 8a is a schematic view of the curvature of a primary idler of the present invention;

FIG. 8b is a schematic view of the curvature of the secondary idler of the present invention;

FIG. 8c is a schematic view of the curvature of the three stage guide wheel of the present invention;

FIG. 9a is a schematic view of the present invention showing the surface of a rapid grinding contact wheel;

FIG. 9b is a schematic view of the surface of the precision polishing contact wheel of the present invention;

FIG. 9c is a schematic view of the surface of the smooth polished contact wheel of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic of the process of the present invention.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1a, 1b, and 2, the present invention includes: the belt sander comprises a shell unit 1, a connecting rod lifting unit 2, a revolution supporting unit 3, a rotation driving unit 4, a revolution driving unit 5, an abrasive belt guide wheel unit 6, a contact wheel unit 7 and a laser range finder 8, wherein the connecting rod lifting unit 2 is fixed on the upper portion of the shell 1, the revolution supporting unit 3 is fixed below the connecting rod lifting unit 2, the rotation driving unit 4 is fixed on the upper portion of the revolution supporting unit 3, the revolution driving unit 5 is fixed on the lower portion of the revolution supporting unit 3, the abrasive belt guide wheel unit 6 is fixed on the revolution supporting unit 3, and the contact wheel unit 7 and the laser range finder 8 are fixed on the lower portion of the revolution supporting.

as shown in fig. 3a, the housing unit 1 includes a link housing 101, a main housing 102, a first ring gear housing 103, and a second ring gear housing 104, wherein the link housing 101, the main housing 102, the first ring gear housing 103, and the second ring gear housing 104 are respectively connected by bolts;

as shown in fig. 3a, the connecting rod lifting unit 2 includes a telescopic cylinder 201, a short connecting rod 202, a first long connecting rod 203, a second long connecting rod 204, a third long connecting rod 205, a fourth long connecting rod 206, and a support connecting rod 207, wherein the first long connecting rod 203, the second long connecting rod 204, the third long connecting rod 205, and the fourth long connecting rod 206 form a four-bar structure, the upper portion of the four-bar structure is connected to the inside of the connecting rod housing 101, the lower portion of the four-bar structure is hinged to the support connecting rod 207, the telescopic cylinder 201 is fixed on one side of the connecting rod housing 101, and one end of the telescopic cylinder 201 is connected to the four-bar structure;

as shown in fig. 3a and 4, the revolution support unit 3 includes a first pin 301, a revolution end cover 302, a first revolution bearing 303, a second revolution bearing 304, a revolution bracket 305, and a second pin 306, wherein the first pin 301 and the second pin 306 are inserted into the main housing 102, and the revolution bracket 305 is connected to the bracket link 207 through the first revolution bearing 303, the second revolution bearing 304, and the revolution end cover 302;

As shown in fig. 3a, the revolution driving unit 5 includes a motor 501, a first gear 502, a driving shaft 503, a driving bearing 504, a second revolution gear 505, a first revolution gear 506, a second gear 507 and a driving shaft cover 508, wherein the motor 501 is fixed at one side of the lower part of the revolution bracket 305, the driving shaft 503 is connected to the motor 501 and fixed at the lower part of the revolution bracket 305 through the driving bearing 504 and the driving shaft cover 508, the first revolution gear 506 and the second revolution gear 505 are fixed on the driving shaft 503 and can be engaged with the first gear 502 and the second gear 507 fixed on the first gear housing 103 and the second gear housing 104 respectively;

As shown in fig. 3a, the rotation driving unit 4 includes a driven shaft 401, a first driven bearing 402, a driven shaft cover 403, a second driven bearing 404, a first rotation gear 405, a second rotation gear 406, and a driving pulley 407, wherein the driven shaft 401 is fixed on the upper portion of the revolution bracket 305 through the first driven bearing 402, the second driven bearing 404, and the driven shaft cover 403, the driving pulley 407 is fixed on the driving shaft 503, and the driven shaft 401 is connected with the driving shaft 503 through the first rotation gear 405 and the second rotation gear 406;

as shown in fig. 3b, the belt guide wheel unit 6 includes a belt 601 ", a first primary guide wheel 602, a first secondary guide wheel 603, a first guide wheel row 604, a first tertiary guide wheel 605, a second primary guide wheel 606, a second secondary guide wheel 607, a second guide wheel row 608, and a second tertiary guide wheel 609, wherein the first primary guide wheel 602 and the second primary guide wheel 606 are fixed on the upper portion of the revolving bracket 305, the first guide wheel row 604 and the second guide wheel row 608 are fixed on the lower portion of the revolving bracket 305, and the first secondary guide wheel 603, the second secondary guide wheel 607, the first tertiary guide wheel 605, and the second tertiary guide wheel 609 are fixed on the first guide wheel row 604 and the second guide wheel row 608;

As shown in fig. 3b, the contact wheel unit 7 includes a contact wheel row 701, a rapid grinding contact wheel 702, a finishing polishing contact wheel 703, a precision polishing contact wheel 704, a contact wheel bearing 705, and a gland nut 706, wherein the contact wheel row 701 is fixed on the lower portion of the revolution bracket 305 through the contact wheel bearing 705 and the gland nut 706, and the rapid grinding contact wheel 702, the finishing polishing contact wheel 703, and the precision polishing contact wheel 704 are fixed on the contact wheel row 701.

Further, the link lifting unit 2 pushes and pulls one side of the four-bar linkage 2 with a telescopic cylinder to drive the revolution bracket 305 fixed on the bracket link and each unit thereon to lift, and the revolution bracket 305 is fixed on the bracket link 305 through the first revolution bearing 303, the second revolution bearing 304 and the revolution end cover 302 and can rotate around the vertical axis.

Further, the rotation driving unit 4, the revolution driving unit 5, the abrasive belt guide wheel unit 6, the contact wheel unit 7 and the laser range finder 8 are all disposed on the revolution supporting unit 3, and the units can be assembled and disassembled and maintained only by disassembling the housing 1.

Further, the length of the abrasive belt 601 is long, two ends of the abrasive belt are respectively wound on the driving belt wheel 407 and the driven shaft 401, the abrasive belt rotates along with the two shafts to move in a single direction, when the abrasive belt on one side is used up, the motor rotates reversely, and the abrasive belt is reused.

further, the tensioning of the abrasive belt 601 is realized by the rotation speed matching of the driving shaft 505 and the driven shaft 401, the abrasive belt is wound on the driving shaft 505 and the driven shaft 401, and the belt retracting speed is slightly higher than the belt releasing speed, so that the tensioning of the abrasive belt is realized.

furthermore, in the belt guide wheel unit 6, the surface curvatures of the primary guide wheel 602, the secondary guide wheel 603, and the tertiary guide wheel 605 are gradually increased, and the belt 601 is gradually curved along with the surface curvature change of each wheel under the tensioning action, and finally wraps the contact wheel unit 7, so as to prevent the belt from being separated under the stress in the polishing mode.

Furthermore, grooves are arranged among the surfaces of the guide wheel, the contact wheel and the driving belt wheel, which are in contact with the abrasive belt, and the middle bulge of the surface of the back of the abrasive belt for polishing is embedded into the groove of the tension wheel, so that the abrasive belt is further prevented from being separated by stress in the polishing mode.

Further, contact wheel unit 7, contact wheel that has three kinds of surface texture differences, be the horizontal line contact wheel that is used for quick grinding, the rectangle piece contact wheel that is used for accurate polishing and be used for leveling the vertical line contact wheel of polishing respectively, three kinds of contact wheels are all fixed on the contact wheel row, can rotate the contact wheel row according to the demand and change the contact wheel that uses.

furthermore, the contact wheel is a drum-shaped contact wheel made of elastic materials, can deform in a self-adaptive mode according to the shape of the contact surface, is uniform in pressure distribution on the contact surface, achieves flexible removal, and avoids damage to the machining surface.

The work of the invention comprises a single-degree-of-freedom mode and a double-degree-of-freedom mode, wherein:

1. In the single degree of freedom mode, the link lifting unit 2 is driven by the telescopic cylinder 201, the first revolving gear 506 and the second revolving gear 505 on the revolving driving unit 5 are disengaged from the first gear ring housing 103 and the first gear ring 502 and the second gear ring 507 on the second gear ring housing 104, the revolving freedom degree of the revolving support unit 3 is locked by the first latch 301 and the second latch 306, the rotation motion is generated by the motor 501, the driving shaft 505 and the driving pulley 407 thereon are driven to rotate, the driven shaft 401 is driven to rotate through the first rotating gear 405 and the second rotating gear set 406, and finally the driving shaft 505 and the driven shaft 401 drive the abrasive belt 601 to perform one-way transmission.

Under the mode of single degree of freedom, according to a Princeton equation which is general for a material removal function, the single degree of freedom removal function can be established by combining actual parameters of a processing tool as follows:

Where R is the amount of material removed per unit time, l is the distance from the point to the central axis of the machining contact surface, and k_wTo remove the proportionality constant of material, F_αFor machining the contact surface center point pressure, a is the semi-major axis of the contact surface ellipse, w_y0For rotational speed, R_pthe removal area is not circular but is in a belt shape in a radius grinding mode of the contact wheel, the removal function is directly related to the autorotation speed and the distance from the point to the central axis of the processing contact surface, the removal function is in an arch shape according to the calculation result of the formula, the processing efficiency is high, but fixed point removal cannot be achieved, error convergence is difficult to form on the processing surface, strip-shaped textures are easy to remain, and the method is only suitable for quick material removal and is not suitable for precision processing.

2. In the two-degree-of-freedom mode, the telescopic cylinder 201 drives the connecting rod lifting unit 2, so that the first revolving gear 506 on the revolving driving unit 5 is meshed with the first gear ring 502 on the first gear ring shell 103 or the second revolving gear 505 is meshed with the second gear ring 507 on the second gear ring shell 104, and while the single-degree-of-freedom motion is performed, the driving shaft 505 drives the first revolving gear 506 or the second revolving gear 505 to roll on the corresponding gear ring, so as to drive the revolving support unit 3 and the units thereon to rotate, finally, the abrasive belt 601 is driven to rotate around the vertical axis of the tool, and the abrasive belt 601 performs the rotary motion while being in one-way transmission, so that a Gaussian-like removal function is formed on the surface of the workpiece.

Under the two-degree-of-freedom mode, the revolution and rotation speed ratio is divided into a polishing mode and a precision polishing mode, and the removal function of each point of the contact surface processed by the two-degree-of-freedom mode is as follows:

Wherein the same letters as those in the above formula indicate the same meanings, r is the distance from the point to the center point of the machining contact surface, and Ω₀working a cycle of revolution angle, w, of the grinding tool_z0Is the revolution speed.

the revolution and rotation speed ratio of the precise polishing mode is 1:20, the revolution speed is far lower than the rotation speed, the removal function is calculated according to the formula and is of a Gaussian-like type, the machining efficiency is low, the convergence of machining errors is facilitated, and the method is suitable for reducing local machining errors; the revolution/rotation speed ratio of the finishing polishing mode is 1:5, the removal function is a truncated cone-like shape with a flat top end, the revolution speed is high, the processing lines can be effectively changed, the tool marks are smoothed, and the surface roughness is reduced.

the measuring capability comes from a laser range finder 8 fixed on the revolution support, the distance between a measuring point of a workpiece to be processed and the range finder can be measured, distance data are transmitted to a computer, the distance can be converted into scattered point coordinate data on the surface of the workpiece through motion analysis, the surface topography characteristics of the workpiece are obtained through a parameterization reconstruction technology of the scattered point measuring data of the free-form surface, the removal depth required by the processing is calculated through comparison with an ideal model, and a processing mode is selected.

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the machining process of the present invention, in which the tool is fixed to the end of the kinematic chain of the numerical control machining bed through the connecting plate 8, and the abrasive belt stays on the blade workpiece 9 according to the machining path and the pre-solved dwell time, so as to achieve the deterministic removal of the target region of the workpiece.

Fig. 5a is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a fast grinding mode of the present invention, in which the first revolving gear 506 and the second revolving gear 505 are not engaged with their respective gear rings, and the revolving motion is not driven by the rotation motion, and the revolving support 305 is locked by the first latch 301 and the second latch 306 in the rotational degree of freedom, so that it will not rotate during the reprocessing process, and the contact wheel is switched to a lateral stripe contact wheel in the fast grinding mode, at this time, the abrasive belt makes a unidirectional motion on the surface of the workpiece, and the material removal efficiency is the highest.

Fig. 5b is a schematic sectional structure diagram of a precision grinding mode of the present invention, in which the revolution support 305 is driven by the link lifting unit 2 to be pressed down, so that the second revolution gear 505 is engaged with the second ring gear 507 on the second ring gear housing 104, the contact wheel is switched to a precision mode rectangular contact wheel, the revolution and rotation speed of the tool is 1:20, the removal model approaches gaussian shape, the overall removal efficiency is low, the fixed point removal capability is strong, and the error convergence of the machined surface is easy to achieve.

FIG. 6a is an arch removal function of a grinding mode of the present invention, wherein the Z-axis of the figure shows a unitized material removal amount, the X, Y-axis represents a plane coordinate around a machining point, the unit removal amount of the arch removal function varies in a single direction, the removal amount is larger near the central region and smaller away from the central region, but the maximum removal amount region is a strip rather than a single point, which makes it difficult to achieve error convergence of the machined surface during machining and is not suitable for precise fixed point removal;

fig. 6b shows the surface processing result of the grinding mode of the present invention, in which the grinding mode of unidirectional processing leaves obvious strip-shaped processing traces on the surface of the workpiece, the roughness along the direction perpendicular to the blade processing direction is poor, and the surface texture is uneven.

FIG. 6c is a Gaussian-like removal function of the polishing mode of the present invention, in which the unit removal amount of the removal function varies along with the two directions of the plane, the removal amount is larger near the central region, and the removal amount is smaller away from the central region, which is an ideal removal function shape for fixed-point removal, and has the effects of changing the processing lines, smoothing the tool marks, reducing the surface roughness, etc., but the overall removal amount is smaller, and the removal efficiency is lower;

Fig. 6d shows the surface processing result of the polishing mode of the present invention, in which the surface material is removed uniformly without any significant processing trace residue, the roughness in each direction is maintained uniformly, and the closer the revolution speed is to the rotation speed in the two-degree-of-freedom polishing state, the more uniform the surface processing texture is, and the more desirable the effect of reducing the surface roughness is.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the difference between the shapes of the removal functions in the polishing and precision polishing modes, comparing and analyzing the effect of the two revolution/rotation speeds on the removal function, when the revolution/rotation speed is 1:20, the rotation linear speed at any point in the contact region is much greater than the revolution linear speed, and the removal function curve tends to be "Gaussian" and has the best fixed-point precision removal capability; when the revolution and rotation speed is 1:5, in the area close to the central point, the reduction of the rotation linear speed and the reduction of the material removal amount caused by the reduction of the pressure are supplemented by the increase of the revolution linear speed, the reduction trend of the material removal amount is mild, a removal function which tends to be flat-top is formed, and the finishing capability of the material is stronger due to the increase of the revolution speed.

Fig. 8a-c are schematic diagrams illustrating the gradual change of the curvatures of the primary guide wheel, the secondary guide wheel and the tertiary guide wheel of the grinding, polishing and measuring integrated abrasive belt tool. The abrasive belt is used as a flexible base body, the shape of the abrasive belt changes along with the surface of each level of the guide wheel under the action of tension, the abrasive belt is finally enveloped on the contact wheel, and the abrasive belt is placed to be separated in a polishing mode.

FIG. 9a is a schematic view of a surface of a rapid grinding contact wheel of the integrated abrasive belt tool for grinding, polishing and measuring according to the present invention, wherein the wheel employs a transverse deep groove texture, the tangential grinding force is large in the rapid grinding mode, and the deep groove texture can bear a large tangential grinding force without causing the abrasive belt to slip;

FIG. 9b is a schematic view of the surface of a precision polishing contact wheel of the integrated abrasive belt tool for grinding, polishing and testing according to the present invention, wherein the wheel has rectangular texture to provide two-directional friction constraint for the abrasive belt, and is suitable for precision polishing with bidirectional stress;

fig. 9c is a schematic view of the surface of a polishing contact wheel of the integrated abrasive belt tool for grinding, polishing and measuring according to the present invention, the wheel adopts a longitudinal texture with a central groove, the polishing mode is a polishing mode, the revolution speed of the tool is high, the abrasive belt is subjected to a large transverse force, the central groove of the wheel is aligned with the protrusion at the center of the back of the abrasive belt for polishing to perform constraint, and a large transverse friction force is provided through the longitudinal texture to prevent the abrasive belt from being separated.