阅读说明：本技术 一种煤矸石快速脱碳制备干拌砂浆及高强人造石的方法 (Method for preparing dry-mixed mortar and high-strength artificial stone by quickly decarbonizing coal gangue ) 是由 谭宏斌 马小玲 董发勤 杨飞华 李玉香 吴涛 邓秋林 王进明 贺小春 王进 王军 于 2019-10-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本专利公开了一种煤矸石快速脱碳制备干拌砂浆及高强人造石的方法,煤矸石破碎、粉磨,与钙源混合后得到复合粉,将复合粉加入快速脱碳炉中脱碳,得到活性粉；在活性粉中加入添加剂混合均匀后得到干拌砂浆,干拌砂浆加水成型、养护,得到高强人造石。同已有技术方案相比,本方法生产成本低,生产效率高,产品质量好的特点。(The patent discloses a method for preparing dry-mixed mortar and high-strength artificial stone by quickly decarbonizing coal gangue, which comprises the steps of crushing and grinding the coal gangue, mixing the crushed and ground coal gangue with a calcium source to obtain composite powder, and adding the composite powder into a quick decarbonizing furnace for decarbonization to obtain active powder; and adding an additive into the active powder, uniformly mixing to obtain dry-mixed mortar, adding water into the dry-mixed mortar for forming and maintaining to obtain the high-strength artificial stone. Compared with the prior art, the method has the characteristics of low production cost, high production efficiency and good product quality.)

1. A method for preparing dry-mixed mortar and high-strength artificial stone by quickly decarbonizing coal gangue is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps: crushing and grinding the coal gangue, mixing the crushed and ground coal gangue with a calcium source to obtain composite powder, and adding the composite powder into a quick decarburization furnace for decarburization to obtain active powder; adding a chemical activator, a surfactant, a whisker, a thickening time control agent, an inorganic additive and a haze removing agent into the active powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain dry-mixed mortar; and adding water into the dry-mixed mortar for forming and maintaining to obtain the high-strength artificial stone.

2. The method for preparing the dry-mixed mortar and the high-strength artificial stone by quickly decarburizing the coal gangue according to claim 1, wherein the calcium source is one of marble powder, carbide slag and white mud, and the addition amount of the calcium source is 20-50% of the mass of the coal gangue.

3. The method for preparing the dry-mixed mortar and the high-strength artificial stone by quickly decarburizing the coal gangue according to claim 1, wherein the quick decarburizing furnace is designed according to the principle of a spouted turbulent bed, and the composite powder is suspended and decomposed in the furnace.

4. The method for preparing the dry-mixed mortar and the high-strength artificial stone by quickly decarbonizing the coal gangue according to claim 1, wherein the chemical activator is one of sodalite, sodiumted bentonite and sodium sulfide slag, and the addition amount of the chemical activator is 1-5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

5. The method for preparing the dry-mixed mortar and the high-strength artificial stone by quickly decarburizing the coal gangue according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is one of sodium aliphatate, sodium sulfamate and melamine formaldehyde resin, and the addition amount of the surfactant is 1-5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

6. The method for preparing the dry-mixed mortar and the high-strength artificial stone by quickly decarburizing the coal gangue according to claim 1, wherein the whisker is one of mullite whisker, aluminum borate whisker and magnesium borate whisker, and the addition amount of the whisker is 20-50% of the mass of the coal gangue.

7. The method for preparing the dry-mixed mortar and the high-strength artificial stone by quickly decarburizing the coal gangue according to claim 1, wherein the coagulation regulator is one of tartaric acid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and dextrin, and the addition amount of the coagulation regulator is 0.5-1.0% of the mass of the coal gangue.

8. The method for preparing the dry-mixed mortar and the high-strength artificial stone by quickly decarburizing the coal gangue according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic additive is one of mineral powder, silica micropowder and glass micropowder, and the addition amount of the inorganic additive is 5-20% of the mass of the coal gangue.

9. The method for preparing the dry-mixed mortar and the high-strength artificial stone by quickly decarbonizing the coal gangue according to claim 1, wherein the haze removing agent is one of titanium-containing slag, zinc slag and tin slag, and the addition amount of the haze removing agent is 0.1-5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of resource utilization of industrial waste residues, in particular to utilization of coal gangue in a coal mine.

Background

China is the country with the largest global coal mining amount, and the coal yield reaches 36.5 hundred million tons in 2012, which accounts for 46.4 percent of the global coal yield. Coal gangue is a co-associated mineral of coal and is generated in the coal mining and washing processing processes. Its heat value is generally lower than 6.3 MJ/kg, and it contains Al₂O₃、SiO₂And Fe₂O₃And the total content of inorganic ash content reaches 60% -95% of the total content of coal gangue, so that the coal gangue is difficult to utilize and becomes an industrial solid waste. Generally, 0.15-0.2 t of coal gangue is produced per 1 t of raw coal, and in 2012, the production amount of coal gangue in China reaches 6.2 hundred million tons, which accounts for about 40% of the national industrial solid waste production amount. A large amount of coal gangue is piled in the open air, so that 2600 coal gangue piles are formed, the accumulated quantity of piled coal gangue reaches more than 50 hundred million tons, and 20 to ten thousand mu of land is occupied, so that the coal gangue pile becomes an industrial waste which has the largest accumulated quantity and annual output in China and occupies the largest piled land. The massive stacking of the coal gangue brings serious social, environmental and economic problems. The occupation of a large amount of land causes the reduction of areas such as cultivated land, forest land and the like; SO generation by spontaneous combustion₂、NO_xToxic and harmful gases and toxic and harmful elements can pollute underground water and soil along with rainwater leaching and infiltration, and serious harm is caused to the ecological environment; moreover, coal enterprises need to invest a large amount of capital every year to solve the problems of expropriation of coal gangue land, pollution of gangue hill, coping with natural disasters such as landslide and debris flow [ guoshaxian, Zuan, Chengqin, industrialization and prospect of comprehensive utilization of coal gangue [ J ] and its prospect]Chemical journal, 2014, 65 (7): 2443-2453]。

This gangue production rostone for patent, this rostone can be used for fields such as building, municipal construction, traffic, can realize waste recycling, reduces the burden of coal mine enterprise, environmental protection.

Disclosure of Invention

Compared with the prior art, the method can save production cost, reduce energy consumption, improve efficiency and have obvious economic benefit and social benefit.

A method for preparing dry-mixed mortar and high-strength artificial stone by quickly decarbonizing coal gangue comprises the following steps:

crushing and grinding the coal gangue, mixing the crushed and ground coal gangue with a calcium source to obtain composite powder, and adding the composite powder into a quick decarburization furnace for decarburization to obtain active powder; adding a chemical activator, a surfactant, a whisker, a thickening time control agent, an inorganic additive and a haze removing agent into the active powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain dry-mixed mortar; and adding water into the dry-mixed mortar for forming and maintaining to obtain the high-strength artificial stone.

The calcium source is one of marble powder, carbide slag and white mud, and the addition amount of the calcium source is 20-50% of the mass of the coal gangue.

The rapid decarburization furnace is designed according to the principle of a spouted turbulent bed, and composite powder is suspended and decomposed in the furnace.

The chemical activator is one of sodalite, sodium bentonite and sodium sulfide slag, and the addition amount of the chemical activator is 1-5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

The surfactant is one of sodium aliphatate, sodium sulfamate and melamine formaldehyde resin, and the addition amount of the surfactant is 1-5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

The whisker is one of mullite whisker, aluminum borate whisker and magnesium borate whisker, and the addition amount of the whisker is 20-50% of the mass of the coal gangue.

The coagulation regulator is one of tartaric acid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and dextrin, and the addition amount of the coagulation regulator is 0.5-1.0% of the mass of the coal gangue.

The inorganic additive is one of mineral powder, silica micropowder and glass micropowder, and the addition amount is 5-20% of the mass of the coal gangue.

The haze removing agent is one of titaniferous slag, zinc slag and tin slag, and the addition amount of the haze removing agent is 0.1-5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the calcium source is formed by mixing calcium carbide, white mud and marble powder, wherein the calcium source is formed by mixing calcium carbide, calcium carbonate and calcium carbonate, the calcium source is formed by mixing calcium carbide, calcium carbonate and calcium carbonate, the calcium source is formed by mixing calcium carbide. The decomposition temperature of the calcium source is constant, and the heat of local overheating of the rapid decarburization furnace is absorbed through decomposition of the calcium source, so that the temperature of the system is constant, the overburning of coal gangue is avoided, and the activity of the coal gangue is ensured. In addition, partial decomposition of the calcium source can provide a calcium oxide source for the artificial stone, is beneficial to the formation of the wollastonite and the tobermorite in the artificial stone, and improves the later stability and the durability of the artificial stone.

The quick decarbonization furnace is composed of a preheater and a decomposing furnace which are connected in series. The number of the preheater stages is 2-6, the preheater is designed according to the principle of a preheater commonly used for a pre-decomposition cement kiln, materials in the preheater and smoke gas run reversely, heat exchange is fully carried out, and the temperature of the smoke gas at the outlet of the preheater is lower than 150 ℃. The decomposing furnace is a columnar spouting turbulent bed in principle and is formed by connecting 2-3 column units with necking in series, the ratio of the inner diameter of each column unit to the inner diameter of each necking is 1.1:1-1.8:1, and the ratio of the inner height of each column unit to the inner diameter of each column is 1:1-4: 1. The combustion-supporting gas used by the rapid decarburization furnace is a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and oxygen, the ratio of the mixed gas to the mixed gas is 3:1-0.1:1 (carbon dioxide: oxygen, volume ratio), and compared with the mixed gas of carbon dioxide and oxygen, the mixed gas of carbon dioxide and oxygen can avoid the generation of nitrogen oxides and the pollution of the nitrogen oxides; the main component of the flue gas is carbon dioxide, which can be recycled and also can be used as a raw material for other industrial production. Each column unit has inlets for fuel and combustion supporting gas, so that the atmosphere of each column unit can be adjusted separately. The temperature of the decomposition furnace is 800-. In addition, the auxiliary fuel adopted by the decomposing furnace in the patent is one of high-temperature blast furnace gas (more than or equal to 1000 ℃) and combustible waste gas generated in the coal chemical industry, and the waste gas is used to realize resource recycling.

The chemical activator is one of sodalite, sodium bentonite and sodium sulfide slag, the substances can excite the reaction activity of the active powder, the early strength of the artificial stone is improved, the substances have stronger adsorption force on sodium ions, and the sodium ions are prevented from migrating to the surface of the artificial stone to influence the performance of the material. The sodium sulfide slag is slag generated in the process of producing sodium sulfide by reducing sodium sulfate at high temperature by using coal powder. The curing time of the patent is 6-200 hours.

The surfactant can avoid the agglomeration of the active powder, reduce the water adding amount of the active powder, be beneficial to improving the strength of the artificial stone, increase the flowability of the powder and be beneficial to forming. The adding amount of water in the patent is 20-50% of the mass of the coal gangue.

The crystal whisker is single crystal, has higher strength and can improve the strength of the artificial stone.

The coagulation time of the coagulation regulator can be regulated, the initial coagulation time is more than or equal to 45 minutes, the final coagulation time is less than or equal to 120 minutes, and the coagulation time is regulated, so that the product is formed and constructed.

In the inorganic additive, mineral powder is fine powder obtained by grinding blast furnace slag, silica micropowder is fine powder obtained by extracting aluminum from fly ash, and glass micropowder is fine powder obtained by grinding waste glass, wherein the particle size of the powder is 5-20 microns, and the powder can be filled in gaps of the artificial stone and participate in the formation of the artificial stone, so that the strength of the artificial stone is improved. The grinding of these miropowders adopts steam kinetic energy mill, utilizes the waste steam that coal fired power plant produced to accelerate the material, strikes on the fixed plate in the mill, and the material is through the interact between the material and between material and the fixed plate, smashes. The steam kinetic energy mill directly utilizes steam energy, avoids energy loss and cost increase of a power plant for converting the steam energy into electric energy and grinding materials by using the electric energy, and has the characteristics of low cost and high grinding efficiency.

In the haze removing agent, titanium-containing slag is titanium dioxide-containing waste residue generated after iron making by ilmenite, zinc residue is zinc oxide-containing residue generated in a zinc smelting process, tin residue is tin oxide-containing waste residue generated in a tin smelting process, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and tin oxide all have photoelectric effect, free electrons are generated under light irradiation, nitrogen oxides in haze are decomposed and are converted into harmless substances, the haze removing effect is achieved, and the purification rate can reach 80%. The impurity elements in the waste residue have doping effect on titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and tin oxide, and the purification efficiency is improved. The waste residue is used as the haze removing agent, so that the haze removing agent has the characteristics of cyclic utilization of resources and low cost.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.

A method for preparing dry-mixed mortar and high-strength artificial stone by quickly decarbonizing coal gangue is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps: crushing and grinding the coal gangue, mixing the crushed and ground coal gangue with a calcium source to obtain composite powder, and adding the composite powder into a quick decarburization furnace for decarburization to obtain active powder; adding a chemical activator, a surfactant, a whisker, a thickening time control agent, an inorganic additive and a haze removing agent into the active powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain dry-mixed mortar; and adding water into the dry-mixed mortar for forming and maintaining to obtain the high-strength artificial stone. The formulas of the calcium source, the chemical activator and the surfactant in the raw materials are shown in the table 1; the formula of the crystal whisker, the pour point regulator, the inorganic additive and the haze remover is shown in the table 2.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

The embodiment of the invention can be implemented and can achieve the aim of the invention, and the strength of the dry-mixed mortar and the artificial stone is more than 100 MPa. The present invention is not limited to these examples.