阅读说明：本技术 一种耦合固体燃料反应与分离的化学链转化装置及方法 (A kind of reaction of coupling solid fuel and isolated chemical chain reforming unit and method ) 是由 刘永卓 赵书菊 宋鸣航 王涛 郭庆杰 张秀丽 吴曼 于 2019-08-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于固体燃料的燃烧气化技术领域,涉及一种耦合固体燃料反应与分离的化学链转化装置及方法,燃料反应器分为下小上大的两段,分别实现固体燃料与载氧体之间的化学反应和固体燃料未反应碳/燃料灰与载氧体的分离,在一个反应器内巧妙地完成固体燃料与载氧体的反应与分离；采用对置射流进料管,强化了循环固体载体和固体燃料之间的混合和传质传热；燃料反应器固体燃料分离段的操作灵活,可以根据不同需求,实现喷动流化床、鼓泡流化床或快速流化床的一种；整个载氧体循环没有涉及旋风分离器,减少了载氧体的磨损。(The invention belongs to the combustion gasification technical fields of solid fuel, it is related to a kind of reaction of coupling solid fuel and isolated chemical chain reforming unit and method, fuel reactor small upper two sections greatly under being divided into, realize that chemical reaction and solid fuel unreacted carbon/fuel ash between solid fuel and oxygen carrier are separated with oxygen carrier respectively, dexterously completed in a reactor solid fuel and the reaction of oxygen carrier with separate；Using opposed jet stream feed pipe, the mixing between solid circle carrier and solid fuel and mass-and heat-transfer are enhanced；The flexible operation of fuel reactor solid fuel segregation section can realize one kind of spouted fluidized bed, bubbling fluidized bed or fast fluidized bed according to different demands；Entire oxygen carrier body circulation reduces the abrasion of oxygen carrier without reference to cyclone separator.)

1. a kind of coupling solid fuel reacts and isolated chemical chain reforming unit, it is characterised in that main structure includes whirlwind point From device I, flow control valve I, air reactor, gas distribution grid I, gas distributing chamber I, solid slag-drip opening, flow control valve II, Standpipe, jet pipe I, cyclone separator II, solid fuel segregation section, dipleg, refeed line, gas distribution grid II, gas distributing chamber II, solid fuel fast reaction section, accumulator, screw-feeder and jet pipe II；The fuel reactor of vertical structure is by lower part Solid fuel fast reaction section and top solid fuel segregation section composition, accumulator passes through screw-feeder and jet pipe II It is connected, jet pipe I and jet pipe II are symmetricly set on solid fuel fast reaction section bottom；Solid fuel fast reaction section is under Gas distributing chamber II and gas distribution grid II are sequentially passed through on and and are connected with solid fuel segregation section；Solid fuel segregation section top Portion is connected with cyclone separator II, and the bottom of cyclone separator II is connected by dipleg with refeed line, and refeed line is arranged in solid At the top of fuel fast reaction section or solid fuel segregation section bottom, completes unreacted carbon, the circulation of solid ash, the bottom of refeed line Portion is provided with ash discharging hole, realizes the discharge of solid ash；The upper end of flow control valve I is connected with solid fuel segregation section, lower end and sky Solid/liquid/gas reactions device is connected, and the upper end of flow control valve II is connected with air reactor bottom, and lower end passes through standpipe and jet pipe I phase Even；The bottom of air reactor is equipped with gas distributing chamber I, passes through gas by air between air reactor and gas distributing chamber I Body distribution grid I is separated, and gas distributing chamber I and gas distribution grid I provide reaction medium and fluidizing agent for air reactor, is gasified Agent provides reaction medium and fluidizing agent by gas distributing chamber II and gas distribution grid II for solid fuel segregation section；Solid row Cinder notch passes vertically through gas distributing chamber I and gas distribution grid I, for solid slag and sintering oxygen carrier to be discharged, cyclone separator I It is connected with air reactor hair top, realizes that abrasion oxygen carrier little particle is separated with gas.

2. coupling solid fuel reacts and isolated chemical chain reforming unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Air reactor is bubbling fluidized bed, and solid fuel fast reaction section is turbulent fluidized bed, and solid fuel segregation section is spouted stream Change one kind of bed, bubbling fluidized bed or fast fluidized bed；The diameter of solid fuel fast reaction section and solid fuel segregation section it Than less than 1/2, solid fuel fast reaction section protrude into solid fuel segregation section length be solid fuel segregation section height 0~ 1/2；Jet pipe I and jet pipe II is with solid fuel fast reaction section at 60~hexagonal angle；Flow control valve I and flowing control Valve II is one of loop sealing valve, U-shaped valve, V valve, L valve, and gas distribution grid I and gas distribution grid II are porous plate, blast cap One of plate, microwell plate.

3. a kind of side for realizing that coupling solid fuel reaction is converted with isolated chemical chain using device as described in claim 1 Method, it is characterised in that carry out chemical chain conversion when, reacting between oxygen carrier and solid fuel and with unreacted carbon, solid ash Separation completed respectively in solid fuel fast reaction section and solid fuel segregation section, pass through screw-feeder and control oxygen carrier- Solid fuel ratio realizes the burning chemistry chains or chemical chain gasification process of solid fuel, detailed process respectively are as follows:

(1) oxygen carrier is mounted in air reactor and solid fuel fast reaction section by jet pipe I and jet pipe II in advance respectively Interior, the gas flow of adjustment air reactor, jet pipe I, flow control valve I, flow control valve II and gas distributing chamber II makes The flowing of oxygen carrier granule stable circulation；Wherein the superficial gas velocity in air reactor is 0.01~0.5m/s, in two jet pipes 1~7m/s of superficial gas velocity, the superficial gas velocity of solid fuel segregation section are 0.01~5m/s；

(2) after the temperature in fuel reactor and air reactor reaches 600~950 DEG C, under 0.1-1Mpa pressure condition, Gu Fluid fuel by opposed jet pipe I and is penetrated under the entrainment effect of gasifying agent with the high temperature oxygen carrier come from air reactor Flow tube II carries out impingement mix, reaction in solid fuel fast reaction section bottom, and in entire solid fuel fast reaction section Complete burning or gasification reaction；

(3) high temperature oxygen carrier and unreacted carbon, solid ash enter solid fuel segregation section, complete oxygen carrier in solid fuel segregation section The separation of body and unreacted carbon, solid ash；

(4) it is separated in the cyclone separator II of unreacted carbon, solid ash at the top of solid fuel segregation section with gaseous product, Obtained unreacted carbon, solid ash returned to solid fuel segregation section or solid fuel fast reaction section by refeed line the reaction was continued or It is expelled directly out；

(5) oxygen carrier enters air reactor by flow control valve I and is regenerated in solid fuel separation pars infrasegmentalis, repeatedly with Upper step, until completing the chemical chain conversion process of solid fuel.

4. the method that the reaction of coupling solid fuel is converted with isolated chemical chain according to claim 3, it is characterised in that carry Oxysome includes the composite oxides of Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mn, Co transition metal oxide and any 2~4 kinds of transition metal, solid Fuel includes coal, coal tar, straw, timber, microalgae, kitchen garbage, municipal refuse, trade waste；The gasifying agent packet Include CO₂, vapor, carbon raw material pyrolysis gas or gasification one or more of gas.

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the combustion gasification technical field of solid fuel, be related to a kind of coupling solid fuel reaction with separate Chemical chain reforming unit and method, suitable for the solid fuels such as coal, coal tar, biomass, solid waste chemical chain gasification and Burning chemistry chains process.

Background technique:

The clean, efficient of the carbonic solid fuels such as coal, biomass, low-carbon conversion are China's energy and environment sustainable development Certainty road.Chemical chain transformation technology (Chemical Looping) replaces the molecule in air using the Lattice Oxygen of oxygen carrier Traditional energy conversion reaction is decoupled in reduction reaction and air reactor for oxygen carrier in fuel reactor and fuel and is carried by oxygen The oxidation reaction of oxysome and air, including chemical chain gasification (Chemical Looping Gasification, CLG) and chemistry The conversion processes such as chain burning (Chemical Looping combustion, CLC), chemical chain convert theory to traditional energy benefit Fundamental change has been carried out with mode, has been expected to realize CO₂Trap emission reduction, high efficiency of energy utilizes and traditional pollutant cooperation-removal.

With CH₄The chemical chain conversion process of equal gaseous fuels is compared, and the chemical chain conversion process of the solid fuels such as coal faces Lot of challenges.Firstly, the solid-solid reaction rate between oxygen carrier granule and coal particle is slower, cause to react insufficient and CO₂'s Capture rate reduces, and mentions to oxygen carrier-mass-and heat-transfer of coal double base solid material and the residence time of fuel reactor endoparticle Requirements at the higher level are gone out；Secondly, separation in fuel reactor between oxygen carrier and unreacted carbon, fuel ash to system stability and Transformation efficiency has great influence, and this requires unreacted carbons to be recycled, fuel ash is discharged in time, to fuel reactor Design propose more limitations.

Currently, many solid fuel chemistry chain reaction devices are reported in existing document, and if chemical industry is in progress, 2014,33 (6): 1357-1364, air reactor use fast fluidized bed reactor, and fuel reactor focuses mostly in bubbling fluidized bed, turbulence stream Change bed etc..Researcher is transformed on the basis ofs original gaseous fuel reactor etc., does not obtain satisfied effect；In order to Increase residence time and reaction time, fuel reactor is designed as multiple hearth reactor, or even anti-in fuel reactor and air It answers and increases carbon acquirer (Carbon Stripper) between device and to avoid unreacted carbon enter air reactor.However, these are anti- Answering device, structure is complicated, cumbersome, brings very big challenge to the amplification of reactor.

In view of mixing, reaction, flowing and the separation characteristic in solid fuel chemistry chain reaction device, disclosed solid Fuel reactor has ignored following two problem: first, the two-component solids particle such as oxygen carrier granule and solid fuel particle Mixed effect directly affects the transformation efficiency and product quality of the heat transfer of solid circle carrier, mass-transfer efficiency and solid fuel, However, since the nature differences such as the partial size of solid circle carrier and solid fuel, density, viscosity are larger, two-component solid particle Mixed effect it is poor, fluidised two-component solid particle be easier separate, affect connecing for two-component solid particle Effect is touched, and then affects the reaction of solid fuel and oxygen carrier；Second, oxygen carrier is anti-in fuel with unreacted carbon, fuel ash Answer in device to be separated in time, so that solid fuel etc. enters air reactor, reduce carbon capture rate, and adopt mostly The method for increasing carbon acquirer (Carbon Stripper) between fuel reactor and air reactor, increases reaction The complexity of device structure.

Summary of the invention:

It is an object of the invention to overcome disadvantage of the existing technology, the conversion for solid fuels such as coal, biomass is set Meter provides a kind of reaction of coupling solid fuel and isolated chemical chain reforming unit and method, so that solid combustion in fuel reactor Reaction between material and oxygen carrier is strengthened, meanwhile, it is capable to realize solid fuel unreacted carbon, fuel ash in fuel reactor Separation between oxygen carrier simplifies fuel reactor structure.

To achieve the goals above, coupling solid fuel of the present invention reacts and isolated chemical chain reforming unit main body Structure includes cyclone separator I, flow control valve I, air reactor, gas distribution grid I, gas distributing chamber I, solid deslagging Mouth, the distribution of flow control valve II, standpipe, jet pipe I, cyclone separator II, solid fuel segregation section, dipleg, refeed line, gas Plate II, gas distributing chamber II, solid fuel fast reaction section, accumulator, screw-feeder and jet pipe II；The combustion of vertical structure Material reactor be made of the solid fuel fast reaction section of lower part and the solid fuel segregation section on top, accumulator by spiral into Glassware is connected with jet pipe II, and jet pipe I and jet pipe II are symmetricly set on solid fuel fast reaction section bottom；Solid fuel Fast reaction section sequentially passes through gas distributing chamber II and gas distribution grid II from bottom to top and is connected with solid fuel segregation section；Gu It is connected at the top of fluid fuel segregation section with cyclone separator II, the bottom of cyclone separator II is connected by dipleg with refeed line, is returned Expects pipe is arranged at the top of solid fuel fast reaction section or solid fuel segregation section bottom, completes unreacted carbon, solid ash Circulation, the bottom of refeed line are provided with ash discharging hole, realize the discharge of solid ash；The upper end of flow control valve I is separated with solid fuel Duan Xianglian, lower end are connected with air reactor, and the upper end of flow control valve II is connected with air reactor bottom, and lower end passes through vertical Pipe is connected with jet pipe I；The bottom of air reactor is equipped with gas distributing chamber I, leads between air reactor and gas distributing chamber I Air is crossed to separate by gas distribution grid I, gas distributing chamber I and gas distribution grid I for air reactor provide reaction medium and Fluidizing agent, gasifying agent provide reaction medium and stream by gas distributing chamber II and gas distribution grid II for solid fuel segregation section Change medium；Solid slag-drip opening passes vertically through gas distributing chamber I and gas distribution grid I, for arranging solid slag and sintering oxygen carrier Out, cyclone separator I is connected with air reactor hair top, realizes that abrasion oxygen carrier little particle is separated with gas.

Air reactor of the present invention is bubbling fluidized bed, and solid fuel fast reaction section is turbulent fluidized bed, solid Fuel segregation section is one kind of spouted fluidized bed, bubbling fluidized bed or fast fluidized bed；Solid fuel fast reaction section and solid For the diameter ratio of fuel segregation section less than 1/2, the length that solid fuel fast reaction section protrudes into solid fuel segregation section is solid The 0~1/2 of fuel segregation section height；Jet pipe I and jet pipe II is with solid fuel fast reaction section at 60~hexagonal angle；Stream Dynamic control valve I and flow control valve II is one of loop sealing valve, U-shaped valve, V valve, L valve, and gas distribution grid I and gas divide Fabric swatch II is one of porous plate, blast cap plate, microwell plate.

The present invention carry out chemical chain conversion when, reacting between oxygen carrier and solid fuel and with unreacted carbon, solid The separation of ash is completed in solid fuel fast reaction section and solid fuel segregation section respectively, controls oxygen carrier by screw-feeder Body-solid fuel ratio realizes the burning chemistry chains or chemical chain gasification process of solid fuel, detailed process respectively are as follows:

(1) oxygen carrier is quickly anti-mounted in air reactor and solid fuel in advance respectively by jet pipe I and jet pipe II It answers in section, the gas stream of adjustment air reactor, jet pipe I, flow control valve I, flow control valve II and gas distributing chamber II Amount flows oxygen carrier granule stable circulation；Wherein the superficial gas velocity in air reactor is 0.01~0.5m/s, two jet pipes Interior 1~7m/s of superficial gas velocity, the superficial gas velocity of solid fuel segregation section are 0.01~5m/s；

(2) after the temperature in fuel reactor and air reactor reaches 600~950 DEG C, in 0.1-1Mpa pressure condition Under, solid fuel passes through opposed jet pipe I under the entrainment effect of gasifying agent, with the high temperature oxygen carrier come from air reactor With jet pipe II, impingement mix, reaction are carried out in solid fuel fast reaction section bottom, and in entire solid fuel fast reaction Burning or gasification reaction are completed in section；

(3) high temperature oxygen carrier and unreacted carbon, solid ash enter solid fuel segregation section, complete in solid fuel segregation section The separation of oxygen carrier and unreacted carbon, solid ash；

(4) it is carried out in the cyclone separator II of unreacted carbon, solid ash at the top of solid fuel segregation section with gaseous product Separation, obtained unreacted carbon, solid ash returns to solid fuel segregation section by refeed line or solid fuel fast reaction section continues It reacts or is expelled directly out；

(5) oxygen carrier enters air reactor by flow control valve I in solid fuel separation pars infrasegmentalis and is regenerated, weight Multiple above step, until completing the chemical chain conversion process of solid fuel.

Oxygen carrier of the present invention includes the transition metal oxides such as Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mn, Co and any 2~4 kinds of transition The composite oxides of metal, solid fuel include the marine organisms such as the terrestrial organisms such as coal, coal tar, straw, timber matter, microalgae And the solid carbons waste such as kitchen garbage, municipal refuse, trade waste；The gasifying agent includes CO₂, vapor, contain One or more of carbon raw material pyrolysis gas or gasification gas.

Compared with prior art, the present invention have the advantage that first is that fuel reactor is small two sections big under being divided into, point Not Shi Xian chemical reaction between solid fuel and oxygen carrier and solid fuel unreacted carbon/fuel ash separated with oxygen carrier, Dexterously completed in a reactor solid fuel and the reaction of oxygen carrier with separate；Second is that using opposed jet stream feed pipe, Enhance the mixing between solid circle carrier and solid fuel and mass-and heat-transfer；Third is that fuel reactor solid fuel segregation section Flexible operation, can according to different demands, realize spouted fluidized bed, bubbling fluidized bed or fast fluidized bed one kind；Fourth is that Entire oxygen carrier body circulation reduces the abrasion of oxygen carrier without reference to cyclone separator.

Detailed description of the invention:

Fig. 1 is that coupling solid fuel reaction of the present invention is illustrated with isolated chemical chain reforming unit main structure principle Figure.

Fig. 2 is the particle flow drawdown cycle figure of chemical chain reforming unit described in the embodiment of the present invention 1, wherein AR- air Reactor；TSI- solid packing amount；LS1- flow control valve I；LS2- flow control valve II.

Specific embodiment:

The invention will be further described by way of example and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.