阅读说明：本技术 可切换视角控制装置和显示系统 (Switchable viewing angle control device and display system ) 是由 N·J·史密斯 安德鲁·埃克曼 H·霍普金 村尾岳洋 刘智允 于 2019-05-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种用于保密视图显示系统的可切换视角控制装置,其包括可在第一状态和第二状态下运作的电性可切换视角控制LCD；位于可切换视角控制LCD的观看侧的前偏振片；位于可切换视角控制LCD的非观看侧、发射偏振光的偏振光源。当所述可切换视角控制LCD处于第一状态时,所述视角控制装置以窄视角模式操作,其中来自所述偏振光源的离轴偏振光被所述可切换视角控制LCD改变,使得所述离轴光被所述前偏振片吸收,并且在轴光穿过所述可切换视角控制LCD和所述前偏振片。当所述可切换视角控制LCD处于第二状态时,所述视角控制装置以广角视角模式运作,其中来自所述偏振光源的所述偏振光被所述可切换视角控制LCD散射并穿过所述前偏光器。(A kind of switchable viewing angle control device for secrecy view display system comprising the electrical switchable viewing angle control LCD that can be operated under first state and the second state；Positioned at the preceding polarizing film of the viewing side of switchable viewing angle control LCD；The non-viewing of LCD, the polarized light source of polarized light-emitting are controlled positioned at switchable viewing angle.When switchable viewing angle control LCD is in first state, the visual angle controller is with the operation of narrow viewing angle mode, wherein the off-axis polarised light from the polarized light source controls LCD by the switchable viewing angle and changes, so that the off-axis light is absorbed by the preceding polarizing film, and on-axis light passes through switchable viewing angle control LCD and the preceding polarizing film.When switchable viewing angle control LCD be in the second state, the visual angle controller is operated with wide-angle field-of-view mode, is scattered wherein the polarised light from the polarized light source controls LCD by the switchable viewing angle and is passed through the preceding polarizer.)

1. a kind of switchable viewing angle control device, comprising:

Electrical switchable viewing angle controls liquid-crystal apparatus (LCD), can operate under first state and the second state；

Positioned at the preceding polarizing film of the viewing side of switchable viewing angle control LCD；With

Positioned at the polarized light source of the non-viewing of switchable viewing angle control LCD, polarised light is issued；

Wherein, when switchable viewing angle control LCD is in the first state, the visual angle controller is with narrow viewing angle mould Formula operation, wherein the off-axis polarised light from the polarized light source by the switchable viewing angle control LCD change so that it is described from Axis light is absorbed by the preceding polarizing film, and on-axis light passes through switchable viewing angle control LCD and the preceding polarizing film；And

Wherein, when switchable viewing angle control LCD is in the second state, the visual angle controller is with wide-angle field-of-view mode Running, wherein the polarised light from the polarized light source by the switchable viewing angle control LCD scatter and pass through it is described before Polarizing film.

2. switchable viewing angle control device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the switchable viewing angle controls LCD packet Mixed orientation nematic (HAN) liquid crystal cells between first substrate and the second substrate are included, and in the first state, institute State the liquid crystal molecule on first substrate orientation be it is vertical, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule in the second substrate is plane.

3. switchable viewing angle control device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the switchable viewing angle controls LCD packet Electrically conerolled birefringence (ECB) liquid crystal cells between first substrate and the second substrate are included, and in said first condition, institute The orientation for stating the liquid crystal molecule on first substrate is plane, and the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule in the second substrate is plane.

4. switchable viewing angle control device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the switchable viewing angle controls LCD packet Vertical orientation nematic (VAN) liquid crystal cells between first substrate and the second substrate are included, and in the first state, it is described The orientation of liquid crystal molecule on first substrate be it is vertical, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule in the second substrate is vertical.

5. the switchable viewing angle control device as described in any one of claim 1-4, which is characterized in that the changeable view Angle control LCD includes the liquid crystal compound containing at least two liquid crystal materials with opposite signal dielectric anisotropy, and The switchable viewing angle control LCD is placed in second of state by applying voltage to the liquid crystal compound to realize fluid dynamic Learn unstability.

6. the switchable viewing angle control device as described in any one of claim 1-4, which is characterized in that the changeable view It includes the liquid crystal compound containing liquid crystal material and additive that angle, which controls LCD,.

7. switchable viewing angle control device as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the additive is salt.

8. switchable viewing angle control device as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the cation of the salt and/or yin from Son is covalently bound on organic chemical groups.

9. the switchable viewing angle control device as described in any one of claim 1-4, which is characterized in that the changeable view Angle control LCD includes the dispersion of LC in the dispersion of polymer or polymer in polymer network or LC, to realize the second shape State.

10. the switchable viewing angle control device as described in any one of claim 1-9, which is characterized in that further include being located at The viewing angle control film of the non-viewing of the switchable viewing angle control LCD.

11. a kind of display system, comprising:

Electrical switchable viewing angle controls liquid-crystal apparatus (LCD), can operate under first state and the second state；

Image panel, and

Positioned at the viewing angle control film of the non-viewing of switchable viewing angle control LCD；

Wherein, when switchable viewing angle control LCD is in first state, the display system with narrow viewing angle mode operation, Off-axis light is blocked in this mode, and on-axis light passes through switchable viewing angle control LCD to be sent out by the display system It penetrates；And

Wherein, when switchable viewing angle control LCD is in the second state, the display system is run with wide angle mode, Light is by switchable viewing angle control LCD scattering to be emitted by the display system in this mode.

12. display system as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that described image panel is liquid crystal image panel, and The display system further includes being located at the backlight of the non-viewing of the display system relative to liquid crystal image panel.

13. display system as claimed in claim 12, which is characterized in that along the suitable of each component of the viewing side of the display system Sequence includes: the liquid crystal image panel, and the switchable viewing angle controls LCD, the viewing angle control film and the backlight.

14. display system as claimed in claim 12, which is characterized in that along the suitable of each component of the viewing side of the display system Sequence includes: the switchable viewing angle control LCD, the liquid crystal image panel, the viewing angle control film and the backlight.

15. display system as claimed in claim 12, which is characterized in that along the suitable of each component of the viewing side of the display system Sequence includes: the switchable viewing angle control LCD, the viewing angle control film, the liquid crystal image panel and the backlight.

16. display system as claimed in claim 12, which is characterized in that further comprise the colour filter that shines, along the display The sequence of each component of the viewing side of system includes: the switchable viewing angle control LCD, the viewing angle control film, the luminous filter Color device, the liquid crystal image panel and the backlight.

17. display system as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that described image panel includes being located at the viewing angle control The luminescent image panel of the non-viewing of film.

18. the display system as described in any one of claim 11-17, which is characterized in that the switchable viewing angle control LCD includes the electrode being patterned, so that at least one first area of switchable viewing angle control LCD is in first shape It is operated under state, at least one second area of the switchable viewing angle control LCD operates in the second condition.

19. the display system as described in any one of claim 11-18, which is characterized in that the switchable viewing angle control LCD is configured as having asymmetric form when operating in said first condition.

20. the display system as described in any one of claim 11-18, which is characterized in that the switchable viewing angle control LCD includes mixed orientation nematic (HAN) liquid crystal cells between first substrate and the second substrate, and in first shape In state, the both alignment layers of the liquid crystal molecule on the first substrate are a vertically aligned layer, the liquid crystal molecule in the second substrate Both alignment layers are planar alignment layers；And

The homeotropic alignment layer has pre-tilt on the direction for being not parallel to the planar alignment layer.

Technical field

The present invention relates to liquid crystal display devices, especially in narrow viewing angle mode (also referred to as private mode) and wide angle mode The liquid crystal display device that can be switched between (also referred to as commonality schemata).

Background technique

With the portable computing with liquid crystal display (LCD), such as smart phone, laptop, plate electricity The increase of brain etc. used, user, which has become, to be begun to focus on other people and can read sensitive or personal information.Therefore, it is many just The formula computing device of taking can operate under narrow viewing angle mode (also referred to as private mode), and wherein information only largely only supplies Axis observer as it can be seen that and operated under wide angle mode (also referred to as commonality schemata), wherein information is usually in the ability of device It is visible under broader visual angle for off-axis observer in range.This device usually can be in narrow viewing angle mode and wide narrow visual field mould Switch between formula.Especially electrical switching method is developed to avoid the needs of moving parts as described above, this may not It is suitble to the size limitation of portable computing.

A kind of method switched between both privately and publicly owned's mode of not moving parts is the viewing side relative to device Light control film is installed behind image display panel, and places and can electrically conduct between light control film and image display panel With the diffuser of disconnection.For example, in United States Patent (USP) Nos.5831698 (Depp etc., on November 3rd, 1998 are announced), 6211930 It is described in (Sautter etc., on April 3rd, 2001 are announced) and 5877829 (Okamoto etc., on March 2nd, 1999 are announced) this Changeable privacy device.

As another example of such device, US2017/0069236 (Klippstein etc., on March 9th, 2017 It is open) show the system that the combination that can be used three layers switches between wide angle mode and narrow viewing angle mode: (1) standard carry on the back Light, (2) permanent viewing angle control film, and (3) second backlights, then irradiation image display board.It is first two layers thin by viewing angle control The running of film provides narrow viewing angle.Third layer allows to be switched to wide-angle view.Particularly, the second backlight is largely for on-axis light It is transparent, but using consumingly shining on the off-axis angle of Shi great.The shortcomings that solution, is that the faint of on-axis light dissipates Penetrate the viewing angle control for being enough to reduce device.US2017/0153383 (Lee etc., on June 1st, 2017 are open) discloses another kind can With the device switched between wide angle mode and narrow viewing angle mode by using the second back light unit.This configuration is dissipated using non- Penetrate optical device.

Above-mentioned configuration, which also lacks, needs secondary backlight, which increase thickness and increases cost.Further, since without volume Outer shielding, the viewing angle control of this device for such as automotive displays it is some should be used to say that it is inadequate.

US9,720,266 (Su et al. is issued on August 1st, 2017) describe another kind by using the second public electrode Method to realize variable visual angle control.Second public electrode allows to control the flat of liquid crystal in conjunction with high pre-tilt both alignment layers It is redirected outside face, and therefore controls visual angle.The device has defect, because viewing angle control is the liquid as caused by secondary public electrode Caused by being redirected outside brilliant plane.Firstly, viewing angle control be for some applications it is inadequate, secondly, this configuration Required increased pre-tilt can reduce the performance of the LCD as image panel.

Summary of the invention

The present disclosure describes one kind can be (also referred to as public in narrow viewing angle mode (also referred to as private mode) and wide angle mode Mode) between the display system that electrically switches.Using described configuration, display device operates in the state of difference, both may be used Off-axis-light is shielded with enhancing, it can also be with scattering light.Described configuration both can be used for by adding additional off-axis light Control can also realize wide-angle view mode by scattering light to increase function to enhance traditional collimated back system.

The method for currently realizing the outer photocontrol of powerful axis, such as described in the background technology part above, with point Resolution and/or brightness are cost.In addition, conventional arrangement needs to include additional optical layer, such as changeable scattering layer, additional Light guide, to realize wide angle mode.Reduce off-axis photocontrol comprising these additional optical layers, because these layers usually scatter Light.

Embodiment of the disclosure overcomes the defect of conventional arrangement by using novel liquid crystal (LC) changeable scattering layer, It can switch between transparent non-scatter state and scattering state.Transparent non-scatter state carries out the additional mask of off-axis light, puts Big viewing angle control effect is to provide the privacy mode of enhancing.This is matched by being realized under a state using liquid crystal layer To rotating the polarization of off-axis light.When off-axis light then reach next polarizing film (its can on unit, in the cells or In image panel) when, off-axis light is absorbed to enhance private mode.Scattering state can be by applying or removing bias voltage It realizes, which causes director to configure in liquid crystal, wherein there are the discontinuities of refractive index in light.Scattering Mode provides wide viewing angle commonality schemata.

Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is mentioned while keeping the commonality schemata of high quality compared with conventional arrangement For a kind of switchable viewing angle control device of the private mode of enhancing.In the exemplary embodiment, the switchable viewing angle control Device includes: electrical switchable viewing angle control liquid-crystal apparatus (LCD), can be operated under first state and the second state；It is located at The preceding polarizing film of the viewing side of the switchable viewing angle control LCD；With the non-viewing for being located at switchable viewing angle control LCD Polarized light source, issue polarised light.When switchable viewing angle control LCD is in first state, the viewing angle control dress It sets with the operation of narrow viewing angle mode, wherein the off-axis polarised light from the polarized light source controls LCD by the switchable viewing angle and changes Become, so that the off-axis light is absorbed by the preceding polarizing film, and on-axis light passes through switchable viewing angle control LCD and described Preceding polarizing film.When switchable viewing angle control LCD is in the second state, the visual angle controller is with wide-angle field-of-view mode Running, wherein the polarised light from the polarized light source by the switchable viewing angle control LCD scatter and pass through it is described before Polarizer.

Another aspect of the present invention is a kind of display system comprising the switchable viewing angle control device of enhancing.Showing In example property embodiment, the display system, comprising: electrical switchable viewing angle controls liquid-crystal apparatus (LCD), can be in first state It is operated under the second state；Image panel, and the viewing angle control of the non-viewing positioned at switchable viewing angle control LCD Film.When switchable viewing angle control LCD is in first state, the display system is run with narrow view mode, wherein from Axis light is blocked, and on-axis light passes through switchable viewing angle control LCD to be emitted by the display system.It is cut when described When changing viewing angle control LCD and being in the second state, the display system is run with wide angle mode, and wherein light is by the changeable view Angle controls LCD scattering to be emitted by the display system.Described image panel can be liquid crystal image panel, and the display System further includes being located at the backlight of the non-viewing of the display system relative to liquid crystal image panel.Optionally, described image Panel can be the luminescent image panel of the non-viewing positioned at the viewing angle control film.

In order to realize above-mentioned and relevant purpose, the present invention, which is included in, to be hereinafter fully described and in the claims The feature particularly pointed out.The following description and drawings illustrate certain illustrative embodimentss of the invention.However, these are implemented Example only indicates some can be used in the various modes of the principle of the invention.When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, other of the invention Purpose, advantage and novel feature by from it is of the invention it is described in detail below in become apparent.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for describing non-Switchable privacy liquid crystal display (LCD) configuration of this field routine.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram for describing exemplary L CD device configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is to describe to have the schematic diagram configured with the LCD device of component comparable in Fig. 2, the substitution with component Configuration.

Fig. 4 is to describe to have the schematic diagram configured with the LCD device of component comparable in Fig. 2, with the another of component A alternative configuration

Fig. 5 is the signal describing the exemplary display devices according to an embodiment of the present invention using luminescent image panel and configuring Figure.

Fig. 6 is to describe the exemplary display according to an embodiment of the present invention using LCD image panel and luminous colour filter to fill Set the schematic diagram of configuration.

Fig. 7 is the signal describing the exemplary display device according to an embodiment of the present invention using viewing angle control backlight and configuring Figure.

Fig. 8 A, 8B, 8C, 8D are the alternative configurations for describing the optical layer in display system according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure.

Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram for describing example view control LCD according to an embodiment of the present invention, including narrow viewing angle mode In optical property.

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the example view control LCD of depiction 9 and shows the optical property under wide angle mode.

Figure 11 is the schematic diagram for describing another exemplary viewing angle control LCD according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein polarizing film It is not integrated to particularly in viewing angle control LCD.

Figure 12 includes the performance and display device configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention for describing conventional display device configuration The illustrative result of the comparison of performance.

Figure 13 is the schematic diagram for describing the another exemplary viewing angle control LCD of embodiment according to the present invention.

Figure 14 is the schematic diagram for describing the another exemplary viewing angle control LCD of embodiment according to the present invention.

Figure 15 is to be depicted in the phase for being executed by HAN or ecb mode liquid crystal and being used for different layers in the configuration of viewing angle control function To the figure of the optical details of the selection of orientation.

Figure 16 is the figure of the half view application for the display system for describing embodiment according to the present invention configuration.

Figure 17 is the figure for describing exemplary electrode configuration related with switchable viewing angle control LCD, which is schemed Case is to realize half view function shown in figure.

Figure 18 how is described by the electrode patterning figure for expanding to any amount of " n " electrode of Figure 17.

Figure 19 is the asymmetric viewing angle control described using twisted-nematic according to an embodiment of the present invention (TN) HAN configuration Figure.

Description of symbols

Liquid-crystal apparatus (liquid crystal device, 10

LCD it) configures

Backlight 12

Light 14

Viewing angle control film 16

Liquid crystal display (liquid crystal display, 18

LCD) image panel

LCD device configuration 20

Different display device configurations 20a-e

Switchable viewing angle controls LCD 22

Luminescent image panel 24

Shine colour filter 26

Viewing angle control backlight 28

Display system 30

First display area 32

Second display area 34

The display system of substitution configures 100a-d

Preceding polarizing film 101 for the first component

Rear polarizer 102 for the first component

Preceding polarizing film 201 for second component

Rear polarizer 202 for second component

Preceding polarizing film 301 for third member

Rear polarizer 302 for third member

First wall 401

Second wall 402

Rear polarizer 1101

Second electrode substrate 1102

First electrode part 1102a

Second electrode part 1102b

Second both alignment layers 1103

Switchable liquid crystal LC layer 1104

First LC both alignment layers 1105

First electrode substrate 1106

Preceding polarizing film 1107

Third common electrode substrate 1200

Rear polarizer 1201

Insulator layer 1203

First electrode substrate 1204

Second both alignment layers 1205

Switchable liquid crystal LC mixed layer 1206

First LC both alignment layers 1207

Outer substrate 1208

Preceding polarizing film 1209

Specific embodiment

The embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the drawings, wherein identical appended drawing reference is used to indicate identical always Element.It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for describing liquid-crystal apparatus (LCD) configuration 10 of this field routine.Fig. 2 is to describe according to the present invention The schematic diagram of the LCD configuration 20 of embodiment.In conventional arrangement 10, backlight 12 emits light 14 and arrives viewing angle control film 16, and institute State subsequent irradiating liquid crystal display (LCD) image panel 18 of light.Viewing angle control film can be the known blinds fenestrated membrane in this field.Such as Shown in the arrow for schematically showing light beam 14, although viewing angle control film 16 has some decaying to off-axis light, off-axis light Shielding be typically not enough to provide complete private mode because some remaining off-axis lights be still transferred to image panel 18 and because This is transferred to observation side (as shown in the smaller directional arrow for being directed toward off-axis direction).Because the image for corresponding to remaining off-axis light still may be used To be perceived by off-axis viewing person, therefore, strong private mode still can not achieve.

Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is a kind of display system including enhanced switchable viewing angle control device, with While maintaining the commonality schemata of high quality, powerful private mode is provided.In the exemplary embodiment, the display system Liquid-crystal apparatus (LCD) is controlled including electrical switchable viewing angle, can be operated under first state and the second state；Image panel； And the viewing angle control film of the non-viewing positioned at switchable viewing angle control LCD.At switchable viewing angle control LCD When first state, the visual angle controller is with the operation of narrow viewing angle mode, and wherein off-axis light is blocked, and on-axis light passes through The switchable viewing angle control LCD by the display system to be emitted.When switchable viewing angle control LCD is in the second state When, the display system is run with wide angle mode, and wherein light is by switchable viewing angle control LCD scattering by the display System transmitting.Described image panel can be liquid crystal image panel, and the display system further includes relative to liquid crystal image Panel is located at the backlight of the non-viewing of the display system.Optionally, described image panel can be controls positioned at the visual angle The luminescent image panel of the non-viewing of film.

With reference to attached drawing, in the LCD device 20 of Fig. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention, additional switchable viewing angle control LCD22 is incorporated into device.Traditional viewing angle control film 16 limits light for some off-axis angles.Switchable viewing angle control LCD22 processed can be can between first mode (mode 1 in Fig. 2) and second mode (mode 2 in Fig. 2) cutting change can Switching scattering LCD.In first mode (mode 1), switchable viewing angle controls LCD22 and executes visual angle limitation function without scattering light To provide narrow angle viewing or private mode.Mode 1 is compared with conventional arrangement, may not masked by viewing angle control film 16 Off-axis light can be controlled now by switchable viewing angle LCD22 blocking.In this way, the private mode of enhancing is realized. In two modes (mode 2), switchable viewing angle control LCD22 operation realizes wide-angle viewing or public mould to execute light scattering function Formula.

The first mode of switchable viewing angle control LCD22 can realize by applying voltage on the LC material, and second Mode can be realized by applying voltage not on LC material.On the contrary, the second mode of switchable viewing angle control LCD can be with It is realized by applying voltage on LC material, and first mode can be real on LC material without applying voltage It is existing.

LCD image panel 18 can be any traditional LC D image panel comprising pixel, and can show in a conventional manner Diagram piece and text.Back light unit 12 can be traditional back light unit, and collimated back unit can be sent out in wide viewing angle and collimated light The switchable back unit switched between penetrating, or the conventional backlight unit other than viewing angle control film.In addition, back light unit 12 can be active Light modulating type backlight.Two or more in following any part can be adhered to each other to be formed to prevent Air gap: viewing angle control film 16, switchable viewing angle control LCD22, LCD image panel 18 and back light unit 12.

The scattering function of switchable viewing angle control LCD22 can be realized by several method.For example, liquid crystal can be doped with Ion doping object additive allows to cause scattering by applying or removing via the voltage of the LC layer of device electrode.It is real Another method of existing scattering state is that had using the mixture of at least two liquid crystal with opposite dielectric anisotropy The mixture of first LC of+Δ ε value and the 2nd LC with-Δ ε.Above-mentioned liquid crystal itself can be compound liquid-crystal mixture.When When alternating voltage is applied to liquid crystal cells, it is possible to create scatter the hydrodynamic instabilities of light.Realize the another of scattering function A kind of method is using the liquid crystal with polymer network (polymer network, PNLC).Polymer network can be in liquid crystal It is formed in main body by the polymerization of monomer mixture in situ.This can be completed by ultraviolet exposure, can apply or It is carried out in the case where not applying voltage.

In the configuration in wherein ion doping object additive incorporation liquid crystal material, the weight concentration of ion doping object can be with Between 0.01% and 4%, preferably between 0.05% and 2%, more preferably between 0.1% and 1.5%.In addition, liquid crystal can With positive Δ ε or can have negative Δ ε.Ion doping object enables the addition in liquid crystal scattering and non-scatter state Between by apply or removal voltage switch mixture.The chemical structure of ion doping object can be salt, or cation and/or Anion can have many and be connected to the salt that can be the organic chain of acetylene alkyl or aryl or mixture.For example, anion Dopant can be tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (Tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, TDTAB), And/or tetrabutylammonium bromide (Tetrabutylammonium bromide, TBAB) and/or cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and/or ammonium bromide and tetraoctyl ammonium bromide (Tetraoctylammonium bromide, TOAB) and/or benzenediazonium chloride (Benzenediazonium chloride) And/or contain the salt of tetraphenyl boron (Tetraphenylboronium) and tetrabutylammonium (tetrabutylammonium).

It, can be by liquid crystal cell in the configuration by realizing scattering function with ion doping object doped liquid crystal Apply 0V to realize viewing angle control function.Scattering function for wide-angle view mode can be by applying at liquid unit both ends Voltage is realized, and voltage can be AC voltage.Liquid crystal/ion doping the object being applied in switchable viewing angle control LCD22 The voltage amplitude and frequency of mixture may depend on the specified chemical structure of ion doping object.In general, the voltage applied can be Between 1V and 50V, and the frequency applied can be between 0.1Hz and 1kHz.In general, lower voltage is for reducing power consumption Preferably, and lower frequency is preferred for reducing power consumption.However, for required scattering function, according to low function Consumption, optimum voltage and frequency may be different from optimum voltage and frequency.It is thereby possible to select voltage appropriate and frequency conduct can Compromise between the power consumption of receiving and acceptable scattering function.Under the specific condition of TBAB, for example, the voltage can be in 2V Between 50V, preferably between 10V and 30V, and more preferably between 16V and 26V, with balance power consumption and scattering function Energy.Voltage of the frequency between 2Hz and 200Hz can be applied, preferably between 20Hz and 100Hz, and more preferably existed Between 30Hz and 60Hz, with balance power consumption and scattering function.

Viewing angle control function can also obtain by various methods.Illustrative methods include using electrically conerolled birefringence (ECB) Liquid crystal cells, the mixed orientation nematic at a substrate with planar alignment and at the second substrate with vertical orientation (HAN) liquid crystal cells or the weight outside the face that the orientation on two substrates is vertical vertical orientation nematic (VAN) liquid crystal cells Orientation.More specifically, switchable viewing angle control LCD may include the mixed orientation nematic between first substrate and the second substrate (HAN) liquid crystal cells, and in a first state the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule on first substrate be it is vertical, in the second substrate The orientation of liquid crystal molecule is plane.Optionally, switchable viewing angle control LCD may include first substrate and the second substrate it Between electrically conerolled birefringence (ECB) liquid crystal cells, and in a first state, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule on first substrate is plane And the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule in the second substrate be vertical.Optionally, switchable viewing angle control LCD is included in first Vertical orientation nematic (VAN) liquid crystal cells between substrate and the second substrate, and in a first state, the liquid on first substrate The orientation of brilliant molecule be it is vertical, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule in the second substrate is vertical.

Switchable viewing angle control LCD22 can be one of above-mentioned HAN, ECB and VAN liquid crystal cells.With reference to above-mentioned HAN, ECB and VAN liquid crystal cells, first substrate can be in viewing sides in viewing side or the second substrate.With reference to above-mentioned HAN, ECB and VAN liquid crystal cells, vertical orientation mean LC pre-dumping in the range of apart from 80 °≤θ≤90 ° of substrate surface Tiltedly orientation, and planar alignment means that LC pre-tilt in the range of apart from 0 °≤θ≤10 ° of substrate surface orients.Do not make The advantages of being oriented with lucky 0 ° and/or 90 ° of LC pre-tilt is to prevent from forming the domain undesired domain LC.It is prevented using pre-tilt The technology for forming the unwanted domain LC is known to the technical staff of technical field of LCD.

For ecb mode liquid crystal cells, linear polarizer can be used, it especially can be parallel with the optical axis of ECB unit Or the linear polarizer of vertically orientation.For ECB unit, optimal viewing angle controls direction perpendicular to the optical axis of ECB unit.This Outside, for ECB liquid crystal cells, delay (d Δ n) can between 250nm and 1250nm, preferably 350nm and 1000nm it Between, and more preferably between 450nm and 750nm.Redirecting for LC can be realized by being preferably smaller than the voltage of 5V.

It, more particularly can be parallel or vertical with the planar alignment direction of unit using linear polarizer for HAN unit The linear polarizer of straight ground orientation.For HAN unit, optimal viewing angle controls direction perpendicular to the orientation side LC on planar substrates To.It is the HAN unit of eurymeric (Δ ε > 0) for wherein liquid crystal, visual angle can be increased by applying small voltage on LC layer The intensity of control.Voltage is smaller than 10V, preferably smaller than 7.5V, more preferably less than 5V.For HAN unit, planar alignment can be On the substrate for the person of closer looking at, or can be on the substrate far from observer.In addition, postponing (d Δ n) for HAN unit Can between 250nm and 25 μm, preferably between 2500nm and 12.5 μm, and more preferably 5000nm and 10 μm it Between.The viewing angle control (that is, private intensity) of mixed orientation can be improved by applying voltage, and the size of the voltage depends on liquid Brilliant material property.

For using the configuration of the liquid crystal cells of vertical arrangement, linear or circularly polarizing plate can be used.Using linear In the case where polarizing film, strongest off-axis secrecy control is realized at 45 ° of the optical axis of polarizing film.Using circularly polarizing plate In the case of, off-axis secrecy control is all similar for all azimuths.From outer, for the liquid crystal cells of vertical orientation, delay (d Δ n) can be between 500nm and 5000nm, preferably between 750nm and 3250nm, and more preferably in 1000nm Between 2250nm.

In terms of the layer of the component of device as described herein configuration, viewing side (the otherwise referred to as outside of LCD) is people The side of image is watched or watched usually on LCD, and image therein is for projection, etc..Relative to the explanation in attached drawing, The top side or upside of the component or layer of LCD configuration or LCD are located at the top of respective drawings, that is, closer to viewing side.With viewing side Opposite side is referred to as non-viewing, bottom, downside or rear side, or is known as the backlight side of LCD in some cases.

In terms of component delamination according to an embodiment of the present invention, switchable viewing angle controls LCD22 should be in LCD device phase For the viewing side of viewing angle control film 16, so that the off-axis light of any remnants, which does not control LCD22 by switchable viewing angle, stops view Angle controls film and decays.The layer farthest apart from viewing side should be the back light unit 12 as light source.In such configuration, The position of LCD image panel can be placed on any suitable position.

Therefore, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is to describe to have respectively to configure showing for 20a and 20b with the LCD device of component comparable in Fig. 2 It is intended to, alternative configuration or sequence with component.Mode 1 (narrow viewing angle mode) and 2 (wide-angle field-of-view modes) are also shown in this In a little figures.In the fig. 3 embodiment, component is arranged from viewing side are as follows: switchable viewing angle control LCD22, LCD image panel 18, Viewing angle control film 16 and back light unit 12.In the fig. 4 embodiment, component is arranged from viewing side are as follows: switchable viewing angle control LCD22, viewing angle control film 16, LCD image panel 18 and back light unit 12.As described above, in these modifications, switchable viewing angle Control LCD22 is located at viewing side of the LCD device relative to viewing angle control film 16.Which ensure that in narrow viewing angle mode (mode 1), Switchable viewing angle control LCD22 stops any remaining off-axis light across viewing angle control film 16.

In embodiment in front, LCD image panel is used.In alternative embodiments, different displays can be used Technology, including for example using luminescent image panel or the image panel combined with luminous colour filter.For example, Fig. 5 is to describe to use The schematic diagram of the exemplary display devices configuration 20c of luminescent image panel 24.Luminescent image panel 24 for example can be but unlimited In light emitting diode with quantum dots (QLED), micro-led (μ LED) or Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) image panel. In the 5 embodiment of figure 5, component is arranged from viewing side are as follows: switchable viewing angle controls LCD22, viewing angle control film 16 and transmitting image Panel 24.By using luminescent image panel, backlight assembly is not needed, and luminescent image panel is located at the non-viewing of layer assembly Side.

As another example, Fig. 6 is the exemplary display devices described using the LCD image panel with the colour filter that shines Configure the schematic diagram of 20d.Using this configuration, color is realized by using luminous colour filter 26 (such as QLED colour filter).In In the embodiment of Fig. 6, component is arranged from viewing side are as follows: switchable viewing angle controls LCD22, and viewing angle control film 16, shine colour filter 26, LCD image panel 18 and back light unit 12.When the property for the colour filter 26 that shines changes the dependence of angle of input light, hair Light color-filter layer 26 is significant relative to this specific configuration that viewing angle control film 20 is located at non-viewing.When luminous colour filter 26 when not changing the dependence of angle of input light, can be using other sequences of these components.Furthermore it is possible to using with Fig. 5's Comparable luminescent image panel is in embodiment to substitute the use of back light unit and LCD image panel.

Fig. 7 is that description is according to an embodiment of the present invention using the exemplary of viewing angle control (i.e. collimation or narrow viewing angle) backlight 28 Show the schematic diagram of device configuration 20e.Utilize this configuration, it is convenient to omit individually permanent viewing angle control film 16, because can phase When viewing angle control executed by the back light unit 28 substituted.In addition, LCD image panel 18 and switchable viewing angle control LCD22's Position can be reverse (such as in configuration of Fig. 2).In addition, LCD image panel and back light unit can be such as the implementations of Fig. 5 It can be with LCD image face in the embodiment of viewing angle control (i.e. collimation or narrow viewing angle) luminescent image panel or such as Fig. 6 in example The luminous colour filter that plate mutual tolerance back light unit is used in combination replaces.

Fig. 8 A-8D is the figure for describing the alternative configuration of the optical layer in display system according to an embodiment of the present invention.Especially Ground, specific polarizing film, the additional optical component such as spacer are shown as relative to the component above with reference to described in Fig. 2-7 It places.Therefore, identical component use and appended drawing reference identical in Fig. 2-7 in Fig. 8 A-8D.

In the embodiment (configuration A) of Fig. 8 A, display system 100a includes and the above-mentioned component considerably placed in Fig. 2. Display system 100a with additional optical layer includes the component layer to sort as follows from viewing side: being used for LCD image panel 18 Preceding polarizing film 201, LCD image panel 18, for the rear polarizer 202 of LCD image panel 18, the first wall 401 is used for Switchable viewing angle controls the preceding polarizing film 101 of LCD22, and switchable viewing angle controls LCD22, controls LCD22 for switchable viewing angle Rear polarizer 102, the second wall 402, for the preceding polarizing film 301 of viewing angle control film 16, viewing angle control film 16, for regarding The rear polarizer 302 and back light unit 12 of angle control film 16.Rear polarizer 302 for viewing angle control film can be reflected Type polarizing film (DBEF) is replaced or is used in combination with reflection type polarizer (DBEF).If it does, DBEF will be placed near The position (i.e. non-viewing) of nearly backlight.Wall 401 and 402 can be air gap, adhesive layer or conductive layer.It, can due to redundancy To omit any one of polarizing film 101,102 or 301 or whole.Polarizing film 201 and 202 can be image panel LCD18 Intrinsic.First (preceding) polarizing film positioned at the display system 100a of the viewing side of switchable viewing angle control LCD22 can be partially Shake piece 101 or polarizing film 202.Described first (preceding) polarizing film can be the combination of polarizing film and reflection type polarizer (DBEF). If it is present DBEF is located at the non-viewing side of described first (preceding) polarizing film.

In the embodiment (configuration B) of Fig. 8 B, display system 100b includes and the component placed local in Fig. 3.With volume The display system 100b of outer optical layer includes the component layer to sort as follows from viewing side: controlling LCD22 for switchable viewing angle Preceding polarizing film 101, switchable viewing angle degree control LCD22, for switchable viewing angle control LCD22 rear polarizer 102, first Wall 401, for the preceding polarizing film 201 of image panel LCD18, image panel LCD18, after image panel LCD18 Polarizing film 202, the second wall 402, for the preceding polarizing film 301 of viewing angle control film 16, viewing angle control film 16 is controlled for visual angle The rear polarizer 302 and back light unit 12 of film 16.Similar to previous embodiment, polarizing film 302 can use reflective polarizing Piece (DBEF) replaces, or is used in combination with reflection type polarizer (DBEF).If it is present DBEF will be placed near back The position of light (that is, non-viewing).Wall 401 and 402 can be air gap and/or adhesive layer and/or retardation layer.Due to superfluous It is remaining, it is convenient to omit any one of polarizing film 102,202 and 301 is whole.Polarizing film 201 and 202 can be image panel The intrinsic polarizing film of LCD18.Positioned at the first (preceding) polarization of the display system 100b of the viewing side of switchable viewing angle control LCD22 Piece is polarizing film 101.Described first (preceding) polarizing film can be the combination of polarizing film and reflection type polarizer (DBEF).If deposited Then DBEF is located at the non-viewing side of described first (preceding) polarizing film.

In the embodiment (configuration C) of Fig. 8 C, display system 100c includes and the component placed local in Fig. 4.With volume The display system 100c of outer optical layer includes the component layer to sort as follows from viewing side: controlling LCD22 for switchable viewing angle Preceding polarizing film 101, switchable viewing angle controls LCD22, for the rear polarizer 102 of switchable viewing angle control LCD22, between first Interlayer 401, for the preceding polarizing film 301 of viewing angle control film 16, viewing angle control film 16, the rear polarizer for viewing angle control film 16 302, the second wall 402, for the preceding polarizing film 201 of image panel LCD18, image panel LCD18 is used for image panel The polarizing film 202 and back light unit 12 of LCD.Similar with the embodiment of front, polarizing film 202 could alternatively be reflection type polarizer (DBEF) or with reflection type polarizer (DBEF) it is applied in combination.If it is present DBEF will be placed near backlight (that is, Non-viewing) position.Wall 401 and 402 can be air gap and/or adhesive layer and/or retardation layer.It, can due to redundancy To omit any one of polarizing film 102,301 and 302 or whole.Polarizing film 201 and 202 can be image panel LCD18 Intrinsic.First (preceding) polarizing film positioned at the display system 100c of the viewing side of switchable viewing angle control LCD22 is polarizing film 101.Described first (preceding) polarizing film can be the combination of polarizing film and reflection type polarizer (DBEF).If it is present DBEF Positioned at the non-viewing side of described first (preceding) polarizing film.

In the embodiment that switchable viewing angle control LCD22 is ECB or HAN mode LCD, controlled for switchable viewing angle The front and rear polarizing film of LCD22 can be lienar for polarizing film.In the embodiment that switchable viewing angle control LCD is VAN mode LCD In, polarizing film can be linear or can be circularly polarizing plate.Can place between layers one or more phase shift films with Compensate the light polarization between optical effect or any such layer of rotation.Phase shift films can be half-wave plate and/or a quarter Wave plate and/or positive C piece and/or negative C-plate.

In the embodiment (configuration D) of Fig. 8 D, display system 100d includes and the component placed local in Fig. 4, including hair Light image panel 24.Display system 100d with additional optical layer includes the component layer to sort as follows from viewing side: being used for Switchable viewing angle controls the preceding polarizing film 101 of LCD22, and switchable viewing angle controls LCD22, controls LCD22 for switchable viewing angle Rear polarizer 102, the first wall 401, for the preceding polarizing film 301 of viewing angle control film 16, viewing angle control film 16, for regarding Angle controls the rear polarizer 302 of film 16, the second wall 402 and luminescent image panel 24.As described above, luminescent image panel 24 μ LED, OLED or QLED image panel, and the use of luminescent image panel be can be without using backlight assembly.Similar to elder generation Preceding embodiment, luminescent image panel 24 may include polarizing film and/or retarder layer, and polarizing film may include reflection-type Polarizing film (DBEF).Wall 401 and 402 can be air gap and/or adhesive phase and/or retardation layer.It, can be with due to redundancy Omit any one of polarizing film 102,301 and 302 or whole.It is aobvious in the viewing side of switchable viewing angle control LCD22 First (preceding) polarizing film for showing system 100d is polarizing film 101.Described first (preceding) polarizing film can be polarizing film and reflection-type The combination of polarizing film (DBEF).If it is present DBEF is located at the non-viewing side of described first (preceding) polarizing film.

The same such as previous embodiment for alternatively using luminescent image panel is ECB in switchable viewing angle control LCD22 Or in the embodiment of HAN mode LCD, the forward and backward polarizing film for switchable viewing angle control LCD22 can be lienar for polarization Piece.In the embodiment that switchable viewing angle control LCD is VAN mode LCD, polarizing film can be linear or can be circle Polarizing film.One or more phase shift films can be placed between layers to compensate between optical effect or any such layer of rotation Light polarization.Phase shift films can be half-wave plate and/or quarter-wave plate and/or positive C piece and/or negative C-plate.

The optical property of changeable 20 angle of view control LCD22, either narrow viewing angle or wide viewing angle mould is described below Formula.In the exemplary embodiment, switchable viewing angle control device includes that electrical switchable viewing angle controls liquid-crystal apparatus (LCD) 22, It can be operated under first state and the second state；Positioned at the preceding polarizing film of the observation side of switchable viewing angle control LCD；Positioned at can Switch the non-viewing of viewing angle control LCD, polarized light-emitting polarized light source.When switchable viewing angle control LCD is in first When state, visual angle controller is with the operation of narrow viewing angle mode, wherein the off-axis polarised light from polarized light source is by switchable viewing angle It controls LCD to change, so that off-axis light is absorbed by preceding polarizing film, and on-axis light passes through switchable viewing angle control LCD and preceding polarization Piece.When switchable viewing angle control LCD is in the second state, visual angle controller is operated with wide angle mode, wherein carrying out self-bias The polarised light of light source of shaking controls LCD by switchable viewing angle and scatters and pass through preceding polarizer.

With reference to attached drawing, Fig. 9 is depicted example viewing angle control LCD22 and shows the light in narrow viewing angle mode (mode 1) Learn the schematic diagram of performance.Figure 10 is the example view control LCD22 of depiction 9 and shows under wide angle mode (mode 2) The schematic diagram of optical property.In general, switchable viewing angle control LCD22 may include the component to sort as follows from viewing side: preceding polarization Piece 1107, first electrode substrate 1106, the first LC both alignment layers 1105, switchable liquid crystal LC layer 1104, second orientation layer 1103, the In this example, the axis of homology (being expressed as " T ") of polarizing film has first direction for two electrode base boards 1102 and rear polarizer 1101. (for example, direction page in exemplary diagram).

Referring to Fig. 9 and mode 1 (narrow viewing angle), exemplary light beam C1 and C2 is from the non-viewing group including polarized light source Part (for example, backlight or luminescent image panel and any relevant polarizing film) transmitting, to generate as seen in figs 8 a-8d Polarised light.Light beam C1 and C2 are polarized in a first direction, and light beam C3 quilt in the second direction different from first direction Polarization.Light beam C1 and C3 are on-axis light beams, and light beam C2 is off-axial beam.In mode 1, LC layer 1104 can be switched and is in the first shape State, another light passes through in the case where no scattering, that is, non-scatter state.Using indicated polarization, at second direction (C3) The light of upper polarization is undesirable polarised light, thus by rear polarizer 1101 stop (or if there is reflecting polarizer then by Reflection).Light beam C1 and C2 along first direction polarization pass through rear polarizer 1101.It is that in mode 1, the polarization of off-axis light passes through The liquid crystal structure of LC layer 1104 rotates, therefore off-axis light is then absorbed by preceding polarizing film 1107.The polarization of off-axis light can pass through Several method is realized, including for example using the planar alignment liquid crystal for applying bias voltage；The liquid crystal of vertical orientation；And at one Orientation on substrate is plane, and the orientation of another substrate is the liquid crystal of vertical mixed orientation.On the contrary, the first polarization side To on-axis light C2 through switchable viewing angle control LCD22 and from viewing side emit, finally essentially only along in axis direction from more Wide display device transmitting.In this way, it realizes narrow viewing angle mode, is launched because substantially only having on-axis light.

In mode 2, the second state that LC layer 1104 is in scattering light, i.e. scattering state can be switched.Particularly, first partially All smooth C4 in vibration direction are scatterings.This can be by accomplished in many ways, including the liquid for example dispersed using polymer Crystalline substance, the multicomponent liquid crystal of the mixture comprising negative, positive dielectric anisotropic liquid crystals, or use the liquid mixed with ion doping object It is brilliant.In these examples, when sufficient voltage is applied, LC layer 1104 is always scattered by causing the liquid crystal director of chaos to be matched Light.In addition, the liquid crystal directors of this chaos no longer rotate off-axis polarization, off-axis light screen effect is eliminated.Therefore, in axis and Off-axis light is all scattered and passes through changeable viewing angle control LCD22, and is then projected from viewing side.Light finally with wide viewing angle with The mode of scattering is issued from display system.In this way, wide angle mode is realized.

Figure 11 is the schematic diagram for describing another exemplary viewing angle control LCD22 according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein polarizing Piece 1107 and 1101 is not integrated to particularly in viewing angle control LCD22.Remaining part is with always identical as the embodiment of Fig. 9 and 10 Appended drawing reference.The embodiment of Figure 11 includes two electrode base boards, and each electrode base board has liquid crystal alignment layer.Between the substrates It is liquid crystal layer, optical device is not as described above, polarizing film is LCD22 layers of viewing angle control a part.Therefore, in the embodiment In, switchable viewing angle control LCD22 may include the following component arranged from observation side: first electrode substrate 1106, the first LC match To layer 1105, switchable liquid crystal LC layer 1104, the second both alignment layers 1103 and second electrode substrate 1102.On the contrary, Fig. 9 and 10 includes Auxiliary polarizer 1107 and 1101 on substrate.Therefore, in the embodiment in figure 11, LCD image panel and viewing angle control Film has polarizing film, to execute any necessary light absorption as described above and transmission function.

Figure 12 includes the performance and display device configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention for describing conventional display device configuration The illustrative result of the comparison of performance.For narrow viewing angle mode and wide angle mode, brightness is rendered as the function at visual angle.Tradition is matched Set suitable with the configuration described in Fig. 1, wherein optical system includes the combination of blinds fenestrated membrane and PDLC scattering layer.In wide viewing angle mould In formula, the embodiment of the present invention can have slightly lower brightness in broader angle, this actually and does not correspond to viewer's Any significant reduction of picture quality.However, the present invention provides a kind of enhanced narrow viewing angle mould with stronger confidentiality Formula.In narrow viewing angle mode, for being greater than about 30 ° of off-axis angle, the embodiment of the present invention has lower transmissivity, that is, The stronger confidentiality compared with conventional arrangement.Even if having the difference described in the curve graph bottom of Figure 12 at broader angle Level, for the off-axis observer of conventional arrangement, image still tends to visible.On the contrary, using configuration of the invention, even if It is faint image is also sightless for off-axis observer.Therefore, the present invention is providing enhanced guarantor with narrow viewing angle mode The significant mode of close aspect is better than conventional arrangement.

Figure 13 is the schematic diagram for describing the another exemplary viewing angle control LCD22 of embodiment according to the present invention.In the reality It applies in example, viewing angle control LCD22 uses FFS type electrode.This can be it is beneficial because the method for some above-mentioned scattering light can be with It is supplemented by in-plane switching.For example, FFS type electrode can contribute to filled with two kinds of opposite dielectric anisotropy or The case where HAN unit of the mixture of more kinds of liquid crystalline types.On the substrate of vertical orientation, due to positive dielectric anisotropy material The director tendency of material and negative dielectric anisotropy material vied each other, non-flat field cause hydrodynamic instabilities.It can To cause similar effect at planar alignment layer by FFS type electrode.In this embodiment, switchable viewing angle controls LCD22 It may include sorting from viewing side with lower component, as follows: preceding polarizing film 1209, outer substrate 1208, the first LC both alignment layers 1207, Switchable liquid crystal LC mixture layer 1206 and the second both alignment layers 1205, first electrode substrate 1204, insulator layer 1203, the second electricity Electrode substrate 1202 and back polarizer 1201.

Figure 14 is the schematic diagram for describing the another exemplary viewing angle control LCD22 of embodiment according to the present invention.In the reality It applies in example, viewing angle control LCD uses FFS type electrode, and the third on the FFS substrate similar and non-to in Figure 13 of middle layer is public Common electrode substrate 1200 replaces the previous base component 1208 of Figure 13.This can be it is beneficial, because of some above-mentioned scattering light Method can be supplemented by in-plane switching.Three electrodes cause in-plane field at planar alignment surface, and are vertically matching Cause face outfield to surface.On vertical orientation substrate, due to positive dielectric anisotropy material and negative dielectric anisotropic material The director tendency of material vied each other, face outfield causes hydrodynamic instabilities.It can be matched by in-plane field in plane Cause similar effect to layer.

Figure 15 is relative bearing (in the plane) orientation for describing viewing angle control LCD22 (HAN and ECB), viewing angle control LCD Plane LC alignment direction, the secrecy axis of viewing angle control LCD, viewing angle control film 16, the alignment direction of viewing angle control film, visual angle control The figure of incident linear polarization direction on the secrecy axis and viewing angle control LCD22 of film.Specifically, privacy film and visual angle control The secrecy axis of LCD processed substantially parallel (that is, in parallel 20 °) or can be substantially vertical (at vertical 20 ° It is interior).In the case where axis is substantially parallel, it is understood that there may be a main secrecy axis.Secrecy axis substantially vertically or substantially In the case where not parallel, may exist two secrecy axis.Under parallel condition, the encryption strength of the first secrecy axis may be than non-flat It is stronger in row situation.

It is marked with reference to the case where Figure 15, the secrecy axis of viewing angle control LCD 22 and viewing angle control film 16 is flat in situation 1 It is capable and be vertical in situation 3.In situation 1, very strong confidentiality is generated along first secrecy axis, without Confidentiality results from the second secrecy axis.In situation 3, there are two secrecy axis perpendicular to one another.In situation 3, first and Each encryption strength of two secrecy axis is weaker than in case 1 along the encryption strength of the first secrecy axis.It is assumed that along secrecy The encryption strength of the secrecy axis of film is greater than the encryption strength of the secrecy axis along viewing angle control LCD；However, vice versa.Pass through Comparable situation 1 and situation 2 can be seen that another key feature, specifically, the secrecy axis of viewing angle control LCD22 is matched by liquid crystal To control rather than the polarization of incident light.

The secrecy axis of viewing angle control LCD and secrecy axis viewing angle control film can orient in parallel with each other, generate so that existing The single shaft of very strong secrecy.Alternatively, the secrecy axis of viewing angle control LCD and secrecy axis viewing angle control film can be determined vertically To so that there are the quadrature axis that two generate secrecy.Secrecy system described herein includes two different layers, each layer of offer Independent function of keeping secret.Specifically, these layers are viewing angle control LCD22 and viewing angle control film 16.The secrecy axis of these layers is usual Independently of one another.In preceding embodiment described above, such situation is described, the secrecy axis of two of them layer is substantially flat It goes and therefore supplements each other, lead to the secrecy axis individually enhanced.In general, it's not necessary, and the azimutal orientation of layer It can be substantially not parallel.When substantially not parallel, multiple secrecy axis will be present, each secrecy axis corresponds to both of the aforesaid layer One secrecy axis in 22 and 16.In the case where layer is effectively parallel, each of these secrecy axis by have than The uniaxial weaker secrecy of confidentiality.

Figure 16 is the figure of the half view application for the display system 30 for describing embodiment according to the present invention configuration.In the implementation In example, switchable viewing angle control LCD22 is varied so that at least two subdivisions or the region of switchable viewing angle control LCD22 It can be addressed separately.This realizes the subdivision of display system or the different off-axis visibilities in region.For example, display system 30 It can have the first display area 32, wherein switchable viewing angle control LCD22 is switched to enable wide angle mode (public mould Formula), and different from the second display area 34 of the first display area 32, wherein switchable viewing angle control LCD22, which is switched to, is opened With narrow angular views mode (dedicated mode).

Figure 17 is the figure for describing exemplary electrode configuration related with switchable viewing angle control LCD, which is schemed Case is to realize half view function shown in Figure 16.The example illustrates with reference to the modification for the structure described in Figure 11.Specifically Structure change be at least one top electrode in two electrode base boards segmentation, 1102 or 1106 or both.For example, Figure 17 Right part show electrode 1102 be divided into electrode section 1102a and 1102b.Therefore, in the simplest case, display system It is divided into two regions, one of electrode 1102 is patterned into first electrode part 1102a and second electrode part 1102b.As shown in the left part of Figure 17, electrode zone 1102a and 1102b can respectively with the first display area 32 of Figure 16 It is associated or corresponding with the second display area 34.

Figure 18 be describe how by Figure 17 it is electrode patterning expand to any amount of " n " electrode (electrode 1,2, 3...... electrode n-2, electrode n-1, the figure of electrode n) can make the big ditty of the first display area and the second display area It is whole.This is electrode patterning to can be used for realizing multiple first display areas and multiple second display areas.Figure 16 shows " n " a electricity The electrode lay-out extremely independently arranged, to form the variable-width area with different off-axis characteristics.This can be from different electrodes series Different rows of electrodes is expanded to, and further expands to the address pixels in changeable viewing angle control LCD.Therefore, in general, It includes the electrode being patterned that switchable viewing angle, which controls LCD22, so that the first area 32 of switchable viewing angle control LCD is first It is operated under state, and the second area 34 of switchable viewing angle control LCD22 operates in the second condition.Therefore, in general, can cut Changing viewing angle control LCD22 includes the electrode being patterned, so that at least one first area 32 of switchable viewing angle control LCD exists It is operated under first state and at least one second area 34 of switchable viewing angle control LCD22 operates in the second condition.

Property embodiment as another example, Figure 19 are to describe to use twisted-nematic according to an embodiment of the present invention (TN) HAN configuration asymmetric viewing angle control figure, using with layer structure comparable in Fig. 9.Asymmetric viewing angle control function can lead to Change LC is crossed with always adding, so that there are pre-tilts on the vertical orientation substrate of HAN configuration.In this configuration, pre-dumping Oblique direction and the LC director at planar substrates are not parallel.With previous embodiment on the contrary, in asymmetric HAN (TN HAN) In Axis light is observed some birefringent and polarization is undergone to rotate, and there is the off-axis light for being equal to the oblique interior angle of liquid crystal pretilt not suffer from partially Vibration rotation.Its effect is to offset Luminance Distribution and so that secrecy profile asymmetry.This can be in the diagram portion of Figure 19 Find out, wherein normal HAN is with symmetrical luminance contour but TN HAN has asymmetric profile.The asymmetric degree of viewing angle control It is proportional to the angle of pre-tilt.LC pre-tilt can be within the scope of the 0-20 degree of TN HAN, as shown in the diagram portion of Figure 19.

Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is mentioned while keeping the commonality schemata of high quality compared with conventional arrangement For a kind of switchable viewing angle control device of the private mode of enhancing.In the exemplary embodiment, the switchable viewing angle control Device includes: electrical switchable viewing angle control liquid-crystal apparatus (LCD), can be operated under first state and the second state；It is located at The preceding polarizing film of the viewing side of the switchable viewing angle control LCD；With the non-viewing for being located at switchable viewing angle control LCD Polarized light source, issue polarised light.When switchable viewing angle control LCD is in first state, the viewing angle control dress It sets with the operation of narrow viewing angle mode, wherein the off-axis polarised light from the polarized light source controls LCD by the switchable viewing angle and changes Become, so that the off-axis light is absorbed by the preceding polarizing film, and on-axis light passes through switchable viewing angle control LCD and described Preceding polarizing film.When switchable viewing angle control LCD is in the second state, the visual angle controller is with wide-angle field-of-view mode Running, wherein the polarised light from the polarized light source by the switchable viewing angle control LCD scatter and pass through it is described before Polarizer.The switchable viewing angle control device can include one or more of following characteristics either individually or in combination.

In the exemplary embodiment of the switchable viewing angle control device, the switchable viewing angle control LCD is included in Mixed orientation nematic (HAN) liquid crystal cells between first substrate and the second substrate, and in the first state, described The orientation of liquid crystal molecule between one substrate and the second substrate be it is vertical, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule in the second substrate is Plane.

In the exemplary embodiment of the switchable viewing angle control device, the switchable viewing angle control LCD includes position Electrically conerolled birefringence (ECB) liquid crystal cells between first substrate and the second substrate, and in said first condition, described The orientation of liquid crystal molecule on one substrate is plane, and the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule in the second substrate is plane.

In the exemplary embodiment of the switchable viewing angle control device, the switchable viewing angle control LCD includes position Vertical orientation nematic (VAN) liquid crystal cells between first substrate and the second substrate, and in the first state, described first The orientation of liquid crystal molecule on substrate be it is vertical, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule in the second substrate is vertical.

In the exemplary embodiment of the switchable viewing angle control device, the switchable viewing angle control LCD includes containing There are the liquid crystal compound of at least two liquid crystal materials with opposite signal dielectric anisotropy, and the switchable viewing angle control LCD processed is placed in second of state by applying voltage to the liquid crystal compound to realize hydrodynamic instabilities.

In the exemplary embodiment of the switchable viewing angle control device, the switchable viewing angle control LCD includes containing There is the liquid crystal compound of liquid crystal material and additive.

In the exemplary embodiment of the switchable viewing angle control device, the additive is salt.

In the exemplary embodiment of the switchable viewing angle control device, the cation and/or anion of the salt are total Valence is bonded on organic chemical groups.

In the exemplary embodiment of the switchable viewing angle control device, the switchable viewing angle control LCD includes poly- In polymeric network or LC in the dispersion of polymer or polymer LC dispersion, to realize the second state.

It further include being located at the switchable viewing angle to control in the exemplary embodiment of the switchable viewing angle control device The viewing angle control film of the non-viewing of LCD.

Another aspect of the present invention is a kind of display system comprising according to cutting for the enhancing of any one embodiment Change visual angle controller.In the exemplary embodiment, the display system, comprising: electrical switchable viewing angle controls liquid-crystal apparatus (LCD), it can be operated under first state and the second state；Image panel, and positioned at switchable viewing angle control LCD's The viewing angle control film of non-viewing.When switchable viewing angle control LCD is in first state, the display system is with narrow view Chart-pattern operation, wherein off-axis light is blocked, and on-axis light passes through switchable viewing angle control LCD to be by the display System transmitting.When switchable viewing angle control LCD is in the second state, the display system is run with wide angle mode, Middle light is by switchable viewing angle control LCD scattering to be emitted by the display system.The display system can individually or It in combination include one or more of following characteristics.

In the exemplary embodiment of the display system, described image panel is liquid crystal image panel, and described aobvious Show that system further includes being located at the backlight of the non-viewing of the display system relative to liquid crystal image panel.

In the exemplary embodiment of the display system, along the sequence packet of each component of the viewing side of the display system Include: the liquid crystal image panel, the switchable viewing angle control LCD, the viewing angle control film and the backlight.

In the exemplary embodiment of the display system, along the sequence packet of each component of the viewing side of the display system Include: the switchable viewing angle controls LCD, the liquid crystal image panel, the viewing angle control film and the backlight.

In the exemplary embodiment of the display system, along the sequence packet of each component of the viewing side of the display system Include: the switchable viewing angle controls LCD, the viewing angle control film, the liquid crystal image panel and the backlight.

It further comprise the colour filter that shines, along the display system in the exemplary embodiment of the display system The sequence of each component of viewing side includes: the switchable viewing angle control LCD, the viewing angle control film, the colour filter, the liquid Brilliant image panel and the backlight.

In the exemplary embodiment of the display system, described image panel includes positioned at the non-of the viewing angle control film Luminescent image panel in viewing side.

In the exemplary embodiment of the display system, the switchable viewing angle control LCD includes the electricity being patterned Pole, so that at least one first area of switchable viewing angle control LCD operates in said first condition, it is described changeable At least one second area of viewing angle control LCD operates in the second condition.

In the exemplary embodiment of the display system, the switchable viewing angle control LCD is configured as when described There is asymmetric form when operating under first state.

In the exemplary embodiment of the display system, the switchable viewing angle control LCD includes being located at first substrate Mixed orientation nematic (HAN) liquid crystal cells between the second substrate, and in the first state, on the first substrate The both alignment layers of liquid crystal molecule be a vertically aligned layer, the both alignment layers of the liquid crystal molecule in the second substrate are planar alignment layers； And the homeotropic alignment layer has pre-tilt on the direction for being not parallel to the planar alignment layer.

Although the present invention has shown and described about some embodiment, those skilled in the art are reading and are managing Equivalent change and modification are contemplated that when solving the specification and drawings.Especially with regard to by said elements (component, component, dress Set, composition etc.) the various functions that execute, the term (including the reference to " method ") for describing these elements is intended to pair It answers, unless otherwise indicated, any element (that is, functionally equivalent) of the specified function for executing the element, even if It is not equal to execute the disclosed structure of the function in exemplary embodiment of the present invention or embodiment in structure.In addition, Although describing particularly unique feature of the present invention only for one or more of several embodiments above, such feature can be with One or more other features combinations of other embodiments, may be that the sum being expected to has for any given or specific application Benefit.

Industrial feasibility

The embodiment of the present invention is suitable for many and also needs powerful narrow viewing angle private other than wide viewing angle commonality schemata Mode shows equipment.The especially needed powerful private mode of portable electronic display device usually used in public places.This The example of kind device includes mobile phone, smart phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer and laptop.