阅读说明：本技术 一种含笑新品种的选育方法 (Breeding method of new variety of michelia figo ) 是由 王晶 王亚玲 武艳芳 岳琳 胡传伟 赵珊珊 陈娜娟 邓健 于 2021-09-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种含笑新品种的选育方法,包括如下步骤：亲本选择、花粉采集和保存、杂交授粉、异地播种促花、F1代筛选、北移驯化、批量扩繁,该方法既能保证含笑种类的杂交授粉结实量,又能大大缩短育种时间,因此能有效降低育种成本和提高育种效率,再者该方法涉及的技术方案通用性强,可在含笑属植物杂交育种中广泛应用,通过本发明中技术方案培育出的杂交含笑品种耐寒性强、多季开花、香气浓郁、适合现代庭院美化和公共园林绿化。(The invention discloses a breeding method of a new michelia variety, which comprises the following steps: parent selection, pollen collection and preservation, hybrid pollination, allopatric sowing and flower promotion, F1 generation screening, northern shift domestication and batch propagation, the method can ensure the hybrid pollination fruiting amount of michelia species, and can greatly shorten the breeding time, so the breeding cost can be effectively reduced and the breeding efficiency can be improved.)

1. A breeding method of new michelia species is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) parent selection: new michelia figo, michelia yunnanensis, michelia kwangtungensis chun and michelia figo with certain cold resistance are taken as parents, and are crossed with each other in pairs, wherein the cold resistance is that the new michelia figo, the michelia yunnanensis and the michelia figo can survive in winter in east China and China;

(2) pollen collection and preservation: the method comprises the following steps of collecting half-blossoms of michelia figo and michelia yunnanensis at the full flowering stage of the previous year of parent hybridization because the flowering stages of michelia figo and michelia yunnanensis are late, picking off anthers, placing indoors until pollen is scattered out, screening out impurities by using a sieve, placing in an environment of minus 20 ℃ for freezing and storing after the pollen is fully dried, taking out the frozen and stored pollen one day before pollination, and placing in a refrigerator for thawing at the temperature of four ℃; the flowering phase of the new michelia figo and the michelia kwangtungensis is similar, the current-year fresh pollen can be used, the collection method is consistent with that of the michelia figo pollen and the michelia yunnanensis pollen, and the pollen is stored in a refrigerator adjusted to three to four ℃ for a short time;

(3) and (3) cross pollination: selecting healthy disease-free michelia single plants as mother plants, selecting flowers in a blooming period, slightly breaking off quilt sheets, removing stamens, pollinating with male parent pollen, sequentially stroking, gathering and recovering the quilt sheets, finally sealing the pollinated flowers 2/3 with an adhesive tape, only leaving a base part, and removing the quilt sheets and the adhesive tape after 3 days; when cracking occurs in the cracking of the bone-end fruit at the time of waiting for cracking in 8-10 months, collecting the fruits, removing aril of the fruits, and wrapping the fruits with wet moss to be sent to south China;

(4) sowing and promoting flowers in different places: seeds are directly sown in a south China by sleeving small black bags, a sowing substrate consists of imported peat soil and perlite, the small black bags are removed in autumn in the next year and transplanted to a growing seedbed for field planting, the field planting substrate consists of yellow soil and imported peat soil, and a layer of decomposed chicken manure is paved under 50 cm of the substrate;

(5) screening for generation F1: f1 generation plants all bloom in 3-4 years, and single plants which are flat, red brown, short hair, white in flower, rich in fragrance and capable of blooming in two seasons are selected for marking, and flower buds, leaf veins, leaf stalks, leaf back surfaces and twigs are dense; selecting individual plants with red brown short, soft and white flowers, flower diameters of more than or equal to 10 cm, strong fragrance and multiple-season flowering from flower buds, tender leaves and tender branches for labeling; selecting single plants with dense flower buds, tender leaves and tender branches, which are reddish brown, short and soft, golden whole plants in the period of no flowering, round leaves, white flowers, rich fragrance and flowering in two seasons, and labeling;

(6) domestication in the north: introducing the branches to east China or Central China for domestication and adaptability observation in a branch grafting way;

(7) batch propagation: selecting 1-2 years of raw magnolia denudata and magnolia senegalis as rootstocks to be grafted in a spring grafting mode.

2. The breeding method of a new variety of michelia figo as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the component ratio of the seeding matrix in the step (4) is imported peat soil and perlite is 5:1, and the component ratio of the planting matrix is yellow soil and imported peat soil is 6: 4.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation and breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a new michelia variety.

Background

In recent years, with the improvement of the requirements of people on urban landscape effect and species abundance, the scarce short plates of evergreen plants in partial areas of China are more and more prominent, and the input of new excellent evergreen garden plants is urgently needed, and the magnolia michelia plant is one of important evergreen landscape plants in the south of Yangtze river of China. Since the 80 s of the last century, researchers never stopped studying the cold resistance of michelia plants, such as observing the overwintering situation through introducing and domesticating in real places, dissecting the morphology of leaves, measuring the electrolyte leaching rate, manually reducing the temperature step by step to measure the indexes of the leaf conductivity, soluble protein and the like, carrying out comparative study on the cold resistance of some michelia species, and screening some cold-resistant michelia species such as michelia, michelia lechang, michelia profunda, michelia kurossica and the like, wherein some of the cold-resistant michelia species also become garden materials in China, eastern China and other areas.

However, the smile category has non-negligible disadvantages, such as a part of smiles, small flowers, few petals, bad smell, etc., which more or less limit their application in high-end landscaping. In addition, in michelia breeding practice, researchers find that some michelia species have little or no fruiting in south China, and have longer juvenile stage when seedlings of the michelia species grow in east China, and the characteristics also obstruct the process of michelia cross breeding.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a breeding method of a new variety of michelia figo.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a breeding method of a new variety of michelia figo comprises the following steps:

(1) parent selection: new michelia figo, michelia yunnanensis, michelia kwangtungensis chun and michelia figo with certain cold resistance are taken as parents, and are crossed with each other in pairs, wherein the cold resistance is that the new michelia figo, the michelia yunnanensis and the michelia figo can survive in winter in east China and China;

(2) pollen collection and preservation: the method comprises the following steps of collecting half-blossoms of michelia figo and michelia yunnanensis at the full flowering stage of the previous year of parent hybridization because the flowering stages of michelia figo and michelia yunnanensis are late, picking off anthers, placing indoors until pollen is scattered out, screening out impurities by using a sieve, placing in an environment of minus 20 ℃ for freezing and storing after the pollen is fully dried, taking out the frozen and stored pollen one day before pollination, and placing in a refrigerator for thawing at the temperature of four ℃; the flowering phase of the new michelia figo and the michelia kwangtungensis is similar, the current-year fresh pollen can be used, the collection method is consistent with that of the michelia figo pollen and the michelia yunnanensis pollen, and the pollen is stored in a refrigerator adjusted to three to four ℃ for a short time;

(3) and (3) cross pollination: selecting healthy disease-free michelia single plants as mother plants, selecting flowers in a blooming period, slightly breaking off quilt sheets, removing stamens, pollinating with male parent pollen, sequentially stroking, gathering and recovering the quilt sheets, finally sealing the pollinated flowers 2/3 with an adhesive tape, only leaving a base part, and removing the quilt sheets and the adhesive tape after 3 days; when cracking occurs in the cracking of the bone-end fruit at the time of waiting for cracking in 8-10 months, collecting the fruits, removing aril of the fruits, and wrapping the fruits with wet moss to be sent to south China;

(4) sowing and promoting flowers in different places: seeds are directly sown in a south China by sleeving small black bags, a sowing substrate consists of imported peat soil and perlite, the small black bags are removed in autumn in the next year and transplanted to a growing seedbed for field planting, the field planting substrate consists of yellow soil and imported peat soil, and a layer of decomposed chicken manure is paved under 50 cm of the substrate;

(5) screening for generation F1: f1 generation plants all bloom in 3-4 years, and single plants which are flat, red brown, short hair, white in flower, rich in fragrance and capable of blooming in two seasons are selected for marking, and flower buds, leaf veins, leaf stalks, leaf back surfaces and twigs are dense; selecting individual plants with red brown short, soft and white flowers, flower diameters of more than or equal to 10 cm, strong fragrance and multiple-season flowering from flower buds, tender leaves and tender branches for labeling; selecting single plants with dense flower buds, tender leaves and tender branches, which are reddish brown, short and soft, golden whole plants in the period of no flowering, round leaves, white flowers, rich fragrance and flowering in two seasons, and labeling;

(6) domestication in the north: introducing the branches to east China or Central China for domestication and adaptability observation in a branch grafting way;

(7) batch propagation: selecting 1-2 years of raw magnolia denudata and magnolia biondii as rootstocks to be grafted in a spring grafting mode;

the component ratio of the seeding matrix in the step (4) is imported peat soil and perlite is 5:1, and the component ratio of the planting matrix is yellow soil and imported peat soil is 6: 4.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the method of the invention can not only ensure the hybridization pollination fruiting quantity of michelia species, but also greatly shorten the breeding time, thereby effectively reducing the breeding cost and improving the breeding efficiency. The hybrid michelia figo variety cultivated by the technical scheme of the invention has strong cold resistance, blossoming in multiple seasons and strong fragrance, and is suitable for modern courtyard beautification and public landscaping.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1:

a cultivation method of michelia yunshii comprises the following steps:

(1) parent selection: in late 3 months of 2012, new michelia figo is taken as a female parent and michelia figo in Yunnan is taken as a male parent in eastern China for conventional hybridization.

(2) Pollen collection and preservation: collecting half-opened flowers of michelia figo in the full-bloom stage of michelia figo in Yunnan in 2011, picking off anthers, placing indoors until pollen is scattered out, screening out impurities by using a sieve, placing in an environment of minus 20 ℃ for freezing and storing after the pollen is fully dried, taking out the frozen and stored pollen one day before pollination, and placing in a refrigerator for thawing at a temperature of four ℃; fresh pollen of 2012 is used in the new michelia figo, the collection method is consistent with that of the michelia figo pollen in Yunnan, and the pollen is stored in a refrigerator adjusted to three to four ℃ for a short time.

(3) And (3) cross pollination: selecting healthy disease-free and high-maturing rate new michelia single plants as mother plants, selecting flowers in a large bud period in a flowering period, slightly breaking off flower comforters, removing stamens, pollinating with male parent pollen, then sequentially smoothing, gathering and restoring the comforters, finally sealing 2/3 of the pollinated flowers with adhesive tapes, only leaving a base part, removing the comforters and the adhesive tapes after 3 days, collecting fruits and removing aril when the red fruits grow apart in a whole-length period within 10 months, and wrapping the fruits in south China with wet moss.

(4) Sowing and promoting flowers in different places: seeds are directly sown in south China by a small black bag set, and the sowing substrate is imported peat soil and perlite which is 5: 1. And (3) removing bags and transplanting to a growing seedbed for field planting in autumn of the next year, wherein the matrix is yellow soil, namely imported peat soil is 6:4, and a layer of decomposed chicken manure is paved under 50 cm of the matrix.

(5) Screening for generation F1: plants of the F1 generation bloom in the 3 rd year, the flower quantity increases year by year, heterosis is shown, and in the 2015 year, single plants which are provided with dense flower buds, leaf veins, leaf stalks, leaf backs and tender branches, flat red brown short hairs, white flowers and strong fragrance and can bloom in two seasons are selected in the spring, and are temporarily named as 'cloud-skirt'.

The male parent and the female parent are compared with the hybrid properties as follows:

(6) domestication in the north: in 2015, in spring, the seedlings are introduced to east China and China areas in China in a branch grafting manner for domestication and adaptability observation. 2015-2016, the cloud skirt has good adaptability in the areas of east China and China, and no freeze injury occurs during wintering.

(7) Batch propagation: 2016-shaped and 2019-year batch propagation, mainly adopts a spring grafting mode, and selects 1-2 years of raw magnolia denudata and magnolia biondii as rootstocks for grafting, so that the survival rate of the 'cloud-skirt' is high.

Example 2:

the cultivation method of the michelia of Chunhui comprises the following steps:

(1) parent selection: in late 3 months in 2013, michelia neoformans is used as a female parent and michelia aurantiaca is used as a male parent in eastern China for conventional hybridization.

(2) Pollen collection and preservation: collecting half-opened flowers of michelia figo in the full bloom stage of michelia figo in 2012, picking off anthers, placing indoors until pollen is scattered out, screening out impurities by using a sieve, placing in an environment of minus 20 ℃ for freezing and storing after the pollen is fully dried, taking out the frozen and stored pollen on the day before pollination, and placing in a refrigerator for thawing at the temperature of four ℃; the fresh pollen of 2013 is used in the new michelia, the collection method is consistent with that of the michelia figo pollen, and the pollen is stored in a refrigerator adjusted to three to four ℃ for a short time.

(3) And (3) cross pollination: selecting healthy disease-free and high-maturing rate new michelia single plants as mother plants, selecting flowers in a large bud period in a flowering period, slightly breaking off flower comforters, removing stamens, pollinating with male parent pollen, then sequentially smoothing, gathering and restoring the comforters, finally sealing 2/3 of the pollinated flowers with adhesive tapes, only leaving a base part, removing the comforters and the adhesive tapes after 3 days, collecting fruits and removing aril when the red fruits grow apart in a whole-length period within 10 months, and wrapping the fruits in south China with wet moss.

(4) Sowing and promoting flowers in different places: seeds are directly sown in south China by a small black bag set, and the sowing substrate is imported peat soil and perlite which is 5: 1. And (3) removing bags and transplanting to a growing seedbed for field planting in autumn of the next year, wherein the matrix is yellow soil, namely imported peat soil is 6:4, and a layer of decomposed chicken manure is paved under 50 cm of the matrix.

(5) Screening for generation F1: the F1 generation plants bloom in the 4 th year, the flower amount increases year by year, the heterosis is shown, in the 2018 year, single plants which are red brown, short, soft and hairy, white in flower, larger than or equal to 10 cm in flower diameter, strong in fragrance and capable of blooming in multiple seasons are selected and labeled, and the temporary name is 'Chunhui'.

The male parent and the female parent are compared with the hybrid properties as follows:

(6) domestication in the north: and in 2018, in spring, the seedlings are introduced to the east China and the China in a branch grafting manner for domestication and adaptability observation. 2018 and 2019 have good adaptability to Chunhui in east China and China, and no freezing injury occurs during overwintering.

(7) Batch propagation: 2019 and 2020, the batch propagation is carried out every year, the grafting is carried out by mainly taking a spring grafting mode and selecting 1-2 years of raw magnolia and magnolia senegal as rootstocks, and the survival rate of the chunhui is high.

Example 3:

the cultivation method of the Yaxin smile comprises the following steps:

(1) parent selection: in late 3 months of 2014, michelia kwangtungensis is used as a female parent and michelia aurantiaca is used as a male parent in east China for conventional hybridization.

(2) Pollen collection and preservation: collecting half-opened flowers of michelia figo in the full-bloom stage of michelia figo in 2013, picking off anthers, placing indoors until pollen is scattered out, screening out impurities by using a sieve, placing in an environment of minus 20 ℃ for freezing preservation after the pollen is fully dried, taking out the frozen pollen on the day before pollination, and placing in a refrigerator for thawing at the temperature of four ℃; the fresh pollen of 2013 is used in michelia kwangtungensis, the collection method is the same as that of michelia kwangtungensis pollen, and the pollen is stored in a refrigerator adjusted to three to four ℃ for a short time.

(3) And (3) cross pollination: selecting healthy and disease-free single Michelia guangdong plants with high maturing rate as parent plants, selecting flowers in a large bud period in the flowering period, slightly breaking off the flower comforter pieces, removing stamens, pollinating with male parent pollen, then sequentially smoothing out, gathering and restoring the flower comforter pieces, finally sealing 2/3 of the pollinated flowers with adhesive tapes, only leaving a base part, removing the comforter pieces and the adhesive tapes after 3 days, collecting fruits and removing aril when the red fruits of the Michelia guangdong appear to crack in the late 8 months, and wrapping the fruits and the aril with wet moss to be sent to south China.

(4) Sowing and promoting flowers in different places: seeds are directly sown in south China by a small black bag set, and the sowing substrate is imported peat soil and perlite which is 5: 1. And (3) removing bags and transplanting to a growing seedbed for field planting in autumn of the next year, wherein the matrix is yellow soil, namely imported peat soil is 6:4, and a layer of decomposed chicken manure is paved under 50 cm of the matrix.

(5) Screening for generation F1: the F1 generation plants blossom in the 4 th year, the flower quantity increases year by year, the heterosis is shown, in 2019, single plants which are selected to have reddish brown short soft flowers on flower buds, tender leaves, dense tender branches, no flowering period, golden whole plants, round and moist leaf shapes, snow white flowers, lotus flowers with the same shape as the flower, strong fragrance and two-season flowering are labeled, and the temporary name is 'elegant fragrance'.

The male parent and the female parent are compared with the hybrid properties as follows:

(6) domestication in the north: in 2019, the seedlings are introduced to the east China and the China in the spring by branch grafting for domestication and adaptability observation. 2019 and 2020 have good elegant adaptability in east China and China, and no freezing injury occurs during overwintering.

(7) Batch propagation: the batch propagation is carried out in 2020, the survival rate of the elegant magnolia is high by mainly adopting a spring grafting mode and selecting 1-2 years of raw magnolia denudata and magnolia biondii as stocks for grafting.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are described in the specification and illustrated only for illustrating the principle of the present invention, but various changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention as claimed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.