阅读说明：本技术 一种松软厚煤层工作面巷道超前护顶支护结构及支护方法 (A kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support supporting construction and method for protecting support ) 是由 黄祖军 李敬佩 杨鹏程 孙国庆 田丰收 朱文凯 陈富利 于 2019-09-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种松软厚煤层工作面巷道超前护顶支护结构及支护方法,包括沿巷道开采施工的多个支护循环,每个支护循环包括沿巷道开采方向间隔设置的四棚U型钢和沿巷道迎头U型钢朝巷道顶板煤层向上间隔倾斜设置的多个注浆钻孔,每个注浆钻孔内均设置有注浆锚杆,沿巷道断面的U型钢与巷道煤壁之间铺设有多块铁丝网,相邻的两片铁丝网之间搭接设置。该工作面巷道超前护顶支护结构工艺流程简单,工人易操作施工,保证了巷道开采施工的进度,该超前护顶支护结构能够有效的控制工作面巷道煤层顶板的强度,减少了工作面巷道煤层顶板发生塌方或冒顶的安全事故或伤亡事故,工作面巷道开采后的U型钢能够回收再利用,降低了煤矿的生产经营成本。(The present invention relates to a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support supporting construction and method for protecting support, including multiple supportings circulation along tunnel exploitation construction, each supporting circulation includes being spaced the multiple inlet wells being obliquely installed upwards towards back coal seam along the spaced four canopies U-shaped steel of tunnel direction of extraction and along tunnel U-shaped steel of meeting head on, grouted anchor bar is provided in each inlet well, it is equipped with muti-piece wire netting between the U-shaped steel and tunnel coal wall of drift section, overlaps setting between adjacent two panels wire netting.The roadway workface fore-support supporting construction process flow is simple, worker's construction easy to operate, it ensure that the progress of tunnel exploitation construction, the fore-support supporting construction can effectively control the intensity of roadway workface roof, reduce landslide or roof fall occur for roadway workface roof safety accident or casualty accident, roadway workface exploitation after U-shaped steel can recycling and reusing, reduce the costs of production and operation of coal mine.)

1. a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support supporting construction, including being followed along multiple supportings of tunnel exploitation construction Ring, it is characterised in that: each supporting circulation includes meeting head on U along the spaced four canopies U-shaped steel of tunnel direction of extraction and along tunnel Fashioned iron is spaced the multiple inlet wells being obliquely installed towards back coal seam upwards, is provided with slip casting anchor in each inlet well Bar is equipped with muti-piece wire netting between the U-shaped steel and tunnel coal wall of drift section, overlaps and set between adjacent two panels wire netting It sets, wherein the spacing between two neighboring U-shaped steel is H, H is 500 millimeters~700 millimeters, between two neighboring grouted anchor bar Spacing is h, and h is 180 millimeters~240 millimeters, and the angle between grouted anchor bar and horizontal direction is β, and the angle of β is 3 °~5 °, Overlapped between adjacent two panels wire netting, and width is L, and L is 200 millimeters；The U-shaped steel includes U-shaped arched girder and symmetrically arranged Column leg is pulled by card between U-shaped arched girder and column leg and is fixedly connected, and the column leg is embedded in the coal seam of roadway floor diagonally downward Interior, the angle between column leg and vertical direction is α, and the angle of α is 6 °~10 °, and the grouted anchor bar includes the bone of hollow setting Frame anchor pole is threaded with stop grouting plug on the skeleton anchor pole in inlet well, sets between stop grouting plug and inlet well bottom There is injection slurry, is arranged with anchor rod pallet board on the skeleton anchor pole outside exposure and inlet well, spiral shell on the skeleton anchor pole outside anchor rod pallet board Line is connected with anchor nut.

2. a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support supporting construction according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Accounting ratio between the length of the stop grouting plug and the length of skeleton anchor pole is 1:9~1:8.

3. a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support supporting construction according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: The stop grouting plug is made of rubber material.

4. a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support supporting construction according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: The diameter of the inlet well is D, and the overall diameter of stop grouting plug is d, wherein D < d.

5. a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support supporting construction according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: The diameter D of the inlet well is 42 millimeters, and the overall diameter d of stop grouting plug is 45 millimeters.

6. a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support supporting construction according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Spacing H between two neighboring U-shaped steel is 600 millimeters.

7. a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support supporting construction according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Spacing h between two neighboring grouted anchor bar is 200 millimeters.

8. a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support supporting construction according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Gap filling between the column leg and tunnel coal wall has timber wedge block.

9. a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support supporting construction according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Angle β between the grouted anchor bar and horizontal direction is 5 °, and the angle α between column leg and vertical direction is 8 °.

10. a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support method for protecting support, which comprises the following steps:

Step 1: the erection of U-shaped steel；

According to the design of its support of U-shaped steel at the position of calibration, column leg hamstring is excavated according to the depth and angle of design, it will be U-shaped The column leg of steel is embedded in column leg hamstring, is pulled using card and is fixedly connected with U-shaped arched girder with column leg, center pillar leg and tunnel coal wall it Between gap with timber wedge block fill, to increase the interaction force between U-shaped steel column leg and tunnel coal wall；

Step 2: the laying of wire netting；

It is laid with wire netting between U-shaped steel and tunnel coal wall, overlaps 200 millimeters between two adjacent wire nettings, and adjacent Two wire nettings tightened with iron tied silk, the mesh size of steel wire is 50 millimeters * 50 millimeters, loose on the coal wall of tunnel to prevent Broken coal cinder, which falls off, pounds pedestrian；

Step 3: the construction of inlet well；

After the U-shaped steel of supporting circulation, which is set up, to be completed, according to the design of inlet well at the position of calibration, according to setting The depth and angle of meter, using pneumatic roofbolter from each supporting circulation tunnel meet head on U-shaped steel towards back coal seam construct Inlet well, drill uses diameter for 42 millimeters of diamond bit in work progress；

Step 4: the installation of grouted anchor bar；

Stop grouting plug is threaded on skeleton anchor pole, and the head end of skeleton anchor pole is filled in inlet well, then using big Hammer taps the tail end of skeleton anchor pole, until the length of the exposed inlet well of skeleton anchor pole stops when being 200 millimeters, by anchor rod pallet board It is set on skeleton anchor pole, then anchor nut is threaded on the skeleton anchor pole on the outside of anchor rod pallet board, is pulled using stress Hand fastens anchor nut；

Step 5: the pre-pouring grout and multiple grouting filling of the advanced roof of roadway workface；

The quick coupling of grouting pipe is plugged on to the tail portion of grouted anchor bar, using electronic grouting pump by configured 425# cement It is injected into inlet well with the mixing injection slurry of sodium metasilicate by grouted anchor bar, the proportion for mixing injection slurry under normal conditions is 425# cement: sodium metasilicate: water=0.5:0.3:1, using the form of multiple inlet wells slip casting simultaneously, electronic grouting pump when slip casting Grouting pressure be set as 2MPa, wherein the mortar depositing construction in the step is divided into pre-pouring grout and multiple slip casting, pre-pouring grout and multiple slip casting Between time interval be set as 1~2 hour, so that the saturation pressure of the advanced roof slip casting of roadway workface is reached 1MPa；

Step 6: roadway workface fore-support according to before the step of recycle supporting construction.

Technical field

The invention belongs to coal mine work area Roadway Support Technology fields, more particularly to a kind of loose thick coal layer working face lane Road fore-support supporting construction and method for protecting support.

Background technique

Coal mining belongs to underground engineering, since coal buried depth is bigger, and the effect by biggish crustal stress, therefore Supporting measure must be taken tunnel during coal mining, be otherwise easy for causing back to occur caving in or roof fall Safety accident or casualty accident.Especially for the back of loose thick coal layer, the supporting difficulty of top plate is bigger, and existing The roof support structure of the Bolt-rope Support taken first is that cannot effective controlroof intensity, second is that anchor shaft anchor cable It can not recycle, the cost of supporting is too high, the operating cost of coal mine is increased, third is that the construction technology of anchor shaft anchor cable is multiple It is miscellaneous, seriously affect the exploitation construction speed in tunnel.

Summary of the invention

First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support Supporting construction, solves that work on hand face back supporting construction is not firm, and top plate easily occurs caving in or the safe thing of roof fall Therefore.

Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support Method for protecting support, solves that work on hand face back supporting construction is not firm, the slow problem of the exploitation construction speed in tunnel.

In order to solve the first technical problem mentioned above, the present invention provides a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support branch Protection structure, including multiple supportings circulation along tunnel exploitation construction, each supporting circulation includes setting along tunnel direction of extraction interval The four canopy U-shaped steels set and the multiple inlet wells being obliquely installed are spaced upwards towards back coal seam along tunnel U-shaped steel of meeting head on, often It is provided with grouted anchor bar in a inlet well, is equipped with muti-piece wire netting between the U-shaped steel and tunnel coal wall of drift section, Setting is overlapped between adjacent two panels wire netting, wherein the spacing between two neighboring U-shaped steel is H, H is 500 millimeters~700 millis Meter, the spacing between two neighboring grouted anchor bar is h, and h is 180 millimeters~240 millimeters, between grouted anchor bar and horizontal direction Angle is β, and the angle of β is 3 °~5 °, and overlapped between adjacent two panels wire netting, and width is L, and L is 200 millimeters；It is described U-shaped Ladle includes U-shaped arched girder and symmetrically arranged column leg, is pulled and is fixedly connected by card between U-shaped arched girder and column leg, the column leg inclination It is embedded in the coal seam of roadway floor downwards, the angle between column leg and vertical direction is α, and the angle of α is 6 °~10 °, described Grouted anchor bar includes the skeleton anchor pole of hollow setting, is threaded with stop grouting plug on the skeleton anchor pole in inlet well, only It is equipped with injection slurry between slurry plug and inlet well bottom, is arranged with anchor rod pallet board on the skeleton anchor pole outside exposure and inlet well, Anchor nut is threaded on skeleton anchor pole outside anchor rod pallet board.

Accounting ratio between the length of the stop grouting plug and the length of skeleton anchor pole is 1:9~1:8.

The stop grouting plug is made of rubber material.

The diameter of the inlet well is D, and the overall diameter of stop grouting plug is d, wherein D < d.

The diameter D of the inlet well is 42 millimeters, and the overall diameter d of stop grouting plug is 45 millimeters.

Spacing H between two neighboring U-shaped steel is 600 millimeters.

Spacing h between two neighboring grouted anchor bar is 200 millimeters.

Gap filling between the column leg and tunnel coal wall has timber wedge block.

Angle β between the grouted anchor bar and horizontal direction is 5 °, and the angle α between column leg and vertical direction is 8 °.

A kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support method for protecting support, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: the erection of U-shaped steel；

According to the design of its support of U-shaped steel at the position of calibration, column leg hamstring is excavated according to the depth and angle of design, it will The column leg of U-shaped steel is embedded in column leg hamstring, is pulled using card and is fixedly connected with U-shaped arched girder with column leg, center pillar leg and tunnel coal Gap between wall is filled with timber wedge block, to increase the interaction force between U-shaped steel column leg and tunnel coal wall.

Step 2: the laying of wire netting；

It is laid with wire netting between U-shaped steel and tunnel coal wall, overlaps 200 millimeters between two adjacent wire nettings, and Two adjacent wire nettings are tightened with iron tied silk, and the mesh size of steel wire is 50 millimeters * 50 millimeters, to prevent on the coal wall of tunnel The coal cinder of loose crushing, which falls off, pounds pedestrian.

Step 3: the construction of inlet well；

After the U-shaped steel of a supporting circulation, which is set up, to be completed, according to the design of inlet well at the position of calibration, press According to the depth and angle of design, U-shaped steel is met head on towards back coal seam from each supporting circulation tunnel using pneumatic roofbolter It constructs inlet well, drill uses diameter for 42 millimeters of diamond bit in work progress.

Step 4: the installation of grouted anchor bar；

Stop grouting plug is threaded on skeleton anchor pole, and the head end of skeleton anchor pole is filled in inlet well, it is then sharp The tail end of skeleton anchor pole is tapped with sledgehammer, until the length of the exposed inlet well of skeleton anchor pole stops when being 200 millimeters, by anchor pole Pallet is set on skeleton anchor pole, and then anchor nut is threaded on the skeleton anchor pole on the outside of anchor rod pallet board, using answering Torque wrench fastens anchor nut.

Step 5: the pre-pouring grout and multiple grouting filling of the advanced roof of roadway workface；

The quick coupling of grouting pipe is plugged on to the tail portion of grouted anchor bar, using electronic grouting pump by configured 425# The mixing injection slurry of cement and sodium metasilicate is injected into inlet well by grouted anchor bar, mixes matching for injection slurry under normal conditions Than for 425# cement: sodium metasilicate: water=0.5:0.3:1, using the form of multiple inlet wells slip casting simultaneously, electronic note when slip casting The grouting pressure of stock pump is set as 2MPa, and wherein the mortar depositing construction in the step is divided into pre-pouring grout and multiple slip casting, pre-pouring grout and multiple Time interval between slip casting is set as 1~2 hour, reaches the saturation pressure of the advanced roof slip casting of roadway workface 1MPa。

Step 6: roadway workface fore-support according to before the step of recycle supporting construction.

The invention has the benefit that roadway workface fore-support supporting construction process flow is simple, worker is easy to operate Construction ensure that the progress of tunnel exploitation construction, the fore-support supporting construction can effectively control roadway workface coal seam The intensity of top plate reduces landslide or roof fall occur for roadway workface roof safety accident or casualty accident, working face Tunnel exploitation after U-shaped steel can recycling and reusing, reduce the costs of production and operation of coal mine.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of U-shaped steel of the present invention and roadway workface；

Fig. 2 is the planar structure schematic diagram of roadway workface fore-support supporting construction in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the section structure of roadway workface fore-support supporting construction in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of grouted anchor bar and inlet well in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 5 is that observation station back deflection compares under Central Plains of embodiment of the present invention supporting construction and design supporting construction Schematic diagram.

Specific embodiment

To keep the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects clearer, the present invention is implemented with reference to the accompanying drawing Mode is described in further detail.

As shown in FIG. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support supporting construction and Method for protecting support, including multiple supportings circulation along tunnel exploitation construction, each supporting circulation includes along tunnel direction of extraction interval It the four canopy U-shaped steels 1 that are arranged and is spaced the multiple slip castings being obliquely installed upwards towards back coal seam along tunnel U-shaped steel 1 of meeting head on and bores Hole 2 is provided with grouted anchor bar 3 in each inlet well 2, is equipped between the U-shaped steel 1 and tunnel coal wall 4 of drift section Muti-piece wire netting 5 overlaps setting between adjacent two panels wire netting 5, wherein the spacing between two neighboring U-shaped steel 1 is H, H is 500 millimeters~700 millimeters, H takes 600 millimeters in the embodiment, and the spacing between two neighboring grouted anchor bar 3 is h, and h is 180 millis Rice~240 millimeters, h takes 200 millimeters in the embodiment, and wherein the numerical value of H and h can be according to the broken of roadway workface roof Broken situation carries out adjustment appropriate, and when roadway workface roof is more complete, the numerical value of H and h can be tuned up suitably；When When roadway workface roof is relatively broken, the numerical value of H and h can be turned down suitably.Folder between grouted anchor bar 3 and horizontal direction Angle is β, and the angle of β is 3 °~5 °, and β takes 5 ° in the embodiment, and overlapped between adjacent two panels wire netting 5, and width is L, and L is 200 millimeters；The U-shaped steel 1 includes U-shaped arched girder 101 and symmetrically arranged column leg 102, is led between U-shaped arched girder 101 and column leg 102 It crosses card and pulls 103 and be fixedly connected, the column leg 102 is embedded in diagonally downward in the coal seam of roadway floor, column leg 102 and vertical direction Between angle be α, the angle of α is 6 °~10 °, and α takes 8 ° in the embodiment, and the gap between column leg 102 and tunnel coal wall 4 is filled out Filled with timber wedge block 6, to increase the interaction force between 1 column leg 102 of U-shaped steel and tunnel coal wall 4.

As shown in figure 4, the grouted anchor bar 3 includes the skeleton anchor pole 301 of hollow setting, the bone in inlet well 2 Stop grouting plug 302 is threaded on frame anchor pole 301, stop grouting plug 302 is made of rubber material, utilizes the dilatation characteristic of rubber Stop grouting plug 302 can be made to be close to the hole wall of inlet well 2, guarantee the effect of slip casting.Stop grouting plug 302 and 2 bottom of inlet well it Between be equipped with injection slurry 303, injection slurry 303 mixed by 425# cement and sodium metasilicate, under normal conditions injection slurry 303 Proportion is 425# cement: sodium metasilicate: water=0.5:0.3:1, can be according to slip casting or the feelings of running pulp during practical slip casting Condition simply adjusts the proportion of injection slurry 303, i.e., when running pulp phenomenon than it is more serious when, increase 425# cement and sodium metasilicate Dosage, at this time the proportion of injection slurry 303 be 425# cement: sodium metasilicate: water=0.7:0.4:1；When slip casting is relatively difficult, subtract The dosage of few 425# cement and sodium metasilicate, the proportion of injection slurry 303 is 425# cement: sodium metasilicate: water=0.4:0.2:1 at this time. Anchor rod pallet board 304, the skeleton anchor pole 301 outside anchor rod pallet board 304 are arranged on skeleton anchor pole 301 outside exposure and inlet well 2 On be threaded with anchor nut 305, the wherein accounting ratio between the length of stop grouting plug 302 and the length of skeleton anchor pole 301 For 1:9~1:8, the diameter of inlet well 2 is D, and the overall diameter of stop grouting plug 302 is d, wherein D < d, and in the embodiment, slip casting is bored The depth in hole 2 is 3500 millimeters, and the length of skeleton anchor pole 301 is 3300 millimeters, and the length of stop grouting plug 302 is 400 millimeters, slip casting The diameter D of drilling 2 is 42 millimeters, and the overall diameter d of stop grouting plug 302 is 45 millimeters.

The direction for being oriented to roadway workface exploitation of arrow in Fig. 2, Fig. 3.

A kind of loose thick coal layer roadway workface fore-support method for protecting support, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: the erection of U-shaped steel 1；

According to the design of its support of U-shaped steel 1 at the position of calibration, 102 leg of column leg is excavated according to the depth and angle of design The column leg 102 of U-shaped steel 1 is embedded in 102 hamstring of column leg by nest, and it is fixed by U-shaped arched girder 101 and column leg 102 to pull 103 using card Connection, the gap between center pillar leg 102 and tunnel coal wall 4 is filled with timber wedge block 6, to increase by 1 column leg 102 of U-shaped steel and tunnel Interaction force between coal wall 4.

Step 2: the laying of wire netting 5；

It is laid with wire netting 5 between U-shaped steel 1 and tunnel coal wall 4, overlaps 200 millimeters between two adjacent wire nettings 5, And two adjacent wire nettings 5 are tightened with iron tied silk, and the mesh size of steel wire is 50 millimeters * 50 millimeters, to prevent tunnel The coal cinder of loose crushing, which falls off, on coal wall 4 pounds pedestrian.

Step 3: the construction of inlet well 2；

After the U-shaped steel 1 of supporting circulation, which is set up, to be completed, according to the design of inlet well 2 at the position of calibration, According to the depth and angle of design, U-shaped steel 1 is met head on towards back coal from each supporting circulation tunnel using pneumatic roofbolter Layer construction inlet well 2, drill uses diameter for 42 millimeters of diamond bit in work progress.

Step 4: the installation of grouted anchor bar 3；

Stop grouting plug 302 is threaded on skeleton anchor pole 301, and the head end of skeleton anchor pole 301 is filled in into inlet well 2 It is interior, the tail end of skeleton anchor pole 301 is then tapped using sledgehammer, until the length of the exposed inlet well 2 of skeleton anchor pole 301 is 200 Stop when millimeter, anchor rod pallet board 304 is set on skeleton anchor pole 301, anchor nut 305 is then threaded in anchor pole support On the skeleton anchor pole 301 in the outside of disk 304, using answering torque wrench to fasten anchor nut 305.

Step 5: the pre-pouring grout and multiple grouting filling of the advanced roof of roadway workface；

The quick coupling of grouting pipe is plugged on to the tail portion of grouted anchor bar 3, it will be configured using electronic grouting pump The mixing injection slurry 303 of 425# cement and sodium metasilicate is injected into inlet well 2 by grouted anchor bar 3, injection slurry 303 be by 425# cement and sodium metasilicate mix, and the proportion of injection slurry 303 is 425# cement: sodium metasilicate: water=0.5 under normal conditions: 0.3:1 can simply adjust the proportion of injection slurry 303 according to the case where slip casting or running pulp during practical slip casting It is whole, i.e., when running pulp phenomenon than it is more serious when, increase 425# cement and sodium metasilicate dosage, at this time the proportion of injection slurry 303 be 425# cement: sodium metasilicate: water=0.7:0.4:1；When slip casting is relatively difficult, the dosage of 425# cement and sodium metasilicate is reduced, this When injection slurry 303 proportion be 425# cement: sodium metasilicate: water=0.4:0.2:1.When slip casting simultaneously using multiple inlet wells 2 The form of slip casting, the grouting pressure of electronic grouting pump are set as 2MPa, wherein the mortar depositing construction in the step be divided into pre-pouring grout and Multiple slip casting, the time interval between pre-pouring grout and multiple slip casting are set as 1~2 hour, make the advanced roof note of roadway workface The saturation pressure of slurry reaches 1MPa.

Step 6: roadway workface fore-support according to before the step of recycle supporting construction.

The supporting construction in Huaibei mining industry group luling coal mine III 811 west wind lane work 300 meters of length of surface construction, and This section experiment tunnel section arranges six back deformation observation points every 50 meters, in non-experiment tunnel section every 50 meters of also cloth Six back deformation observation points have been set, and observational record is timed to the back deflection of this 12 observation points, The top plate maximum deformation quantity record data of its Central Plains supporting construction and design supporting construction are as shown in table 1, former supporting construction and set The roof deformation situation for counting supporting construction is as shown in Figure 5.

The top plate maximum deformation quantity record sheet of table 1 former supporting construction and design supporting construction

It is learnt by the roof deformation amount and deformation of former supporting construction and design supporting construction, the design work face lane The effect of road fore-support supporting construction control back deformation is substantially better than former supporting construction control back deformation Effect, design work face tunnel fore-support supporting construction controls back maximum deformation quantity and former supporting construction controls tunnel Top plate maximum deformation quantity reduces about 300mm.In addition, the design work face tunnel fore-support supporting construction process flow letter Single, worker's construction easy to operate ensure that the progress of tunnel exploitation construction, the design fore-support supporting construction can be controlled effectively The intensity of roadway workface roof processed, reduce roadway workface roof occur landslide or roof fall safety accident or Casualty accident, roadway workface exploitation after U-shaped steel 1 can recycling and reusing, reduce the costs of production and operation of coal mine.

The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this The principle of invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, these changes Change and improvement is both fallen within the scope of claimed invention.