阅读说明：本技术 一种虾蟹养殖杂鱼清除剂及其制备方法 (Shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent and preparation method thereof ) 是由 王永贵 桑瑞 李佳慧 杨毅 贾瑞 张建弓 赵波 于 2021-09-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种虾蟹养殖杂鱼清除剂及其制备方法,属于虾蟹养殖技术领域,虾蟹养殖杂鱼清除剂由30～40份鱼藤粉、10～15份茶皂素、2～5份稳定剂、4～8份表面活性剂、3～5份pH调节剂、20～30份助溶剂以及10～30份水组成；通过将以表面活性剂、pH调节剂、茶皂素形成的第一分散体系与以鱼藤粉、稳定剂、助溶剂形成第二分散体系混合分散均匀得到虾蟹养殖杂鱼清除剂；本发明提供的虾蟹养殖杂鱼清除剂药效显著、针对性强；制备方法简单,原料及生产成本合理且无“三废”排放,绿色环保,适宜工业化生产。(The invention discloses a shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of shrimp and crab culture, wherein the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent consists of 30-40 parts of derris powder, 10-15 parts of tea saponin, 2-5 parts of a stabilizer, 4-8 parts of a surfactant, 3-5 parts of a pH regulator, 20-30 parts of a cosolvent and 10-30 parts of water; uniformly mixing and dispersing a first dispersion system formed by a surfactant, a pH regulator and tea saponin and a second dispersion system formed by derris powder, a stabilizer and a cosolvent to obtain the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger; the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger provided by the invention has obvious drug effect and strong pertinence; the preparation method is simple, the raw materials and the production cost are reasonable, the emission of three wastes is avoided, and the preparation method is green and environment-friendly and is suitable for industrial production.)

1. The clearing agent for the trash fish in shrimp and crab cultivation is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of derris powder, 10-15 parts of tea saponin, 2-5 parts of a stabilizer, 4-8 parts of a surfactant, 3-5 parts of a pH regulator, 20-30 parts of a cosolvent and 10-30 parts of water.

2. The removing agent for trash fish in shrimp and crab cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the derris powder is 50-80 mesh powder, and the mass percentage of rotenone in the derris powder is 4.5-10%.

3. The agent for removing trash fish in shrimp and crab farming as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stabilizer is one of pentaerythritol, 2, 6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, butyl hydroxyanisole, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

4. The shrimp and crab farming trash fish scavenger according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is a mixture of alkylphenol ethoxylate and polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or a mixture of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate and lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate; wherein the C atom of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene is preferably C₈～C₁₀。

5. The scavenger for trash fish in shrimp and crab farming according to claim 1, wherein the pH regulator is phosphoric acid or citric acid.

6. The removing agent for trash fish in shrimp and crab cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cosolvent is any one or more of ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate.

7. A preparation method of the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1 preparation of first Dispersion

Mixing a surfactant and a pH regulator according to the formula ratio, dissolving in water, and performing dispersion treatment to obtain a mixed solution; adding the tea saponin with the formula amount into the mixed solution, and continuously dispersing to obtain a first dispersion system;

s2 preparation of second Dispersion

Adding a stabilizer with a formula amount into a cosolvent, and performing primary dispersion treatment to obtain a mixed solution; adding the derris powder with the formula amount into the mixed solution, and performing secondary dispersion treatment to obtain a second dispersion system;

s3 preparation of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

Adding the first dispersion system into a second dispersion system, and performing dispersion treatment to obtain a shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent;

s4 compounding of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

And diluting the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger obtained in the step S3 with water, and soaking for 1-2 hours for later use.

8. The preparation method of the shrimp and crab aquaculture trash fish scavenger according to claim 7, characterized in that in S1, the dispersion rate is 150-300 r/min, and the dispersion time is 0.5-1 h; in S2, the dispersing speed is 200-500 r/min, the primary dispersing time is 0.5-1 h, and the secondary dispersing time is 2.5-5 h; in S3, the dispersing speed is 500-800 r/min, and the dispersing time is 0.5-1.5 h.

9. The preparation method of the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger according to claim 7, wherein in S4, the ratio of the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger to water is 1g:20 ml-100 ml.

10.The preparation method of the scavenger for the miscellaneous fishes in the shrimp and crab cultivation as claimed in claim 7, wherein the dosage of the scavenger for the miscellaneous fishes in the shrimp and crab cultivation is 1.5-3.5g/m³。

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of shrimp and crab culture, in particular to a shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In recent years, the cultivation of shrimps and crabs is rapidly developed, the cultivation scale is rapidly developed and strengthened, when river crabs and freshwater shrimps (including macrobrachium rosenbergii and penaeus vannamei boone) are cultivated in fresh water or seawater at present, exogenous water needs to be introduced in the cultivation process, some fish eggs, small wild trash fish, loaches and the like can be doped in the water inlet process due to incomplete isolation, and enemy organisms such as mice, weasels and the like hiding between weeds near the shrimp and crab pond can enter the cultivation water body, so people need to clean the cultivation pond before cultivating the shrimps and crabs, and particularly need to clean the trash fish in the cultivation pond. On one hand, the wild trash fishes can eat the larvae of the shrimps and the crabs to influence the survival rate, so that the yield of the shrimps and the crabs is greatly reduced; the shrimp and crab gall is small, so that the normal feeding of the shrimp and crab is influenced to exuviate and grow; on the other hand, the trash fish and the shrimps and crabs compete for bait, so that the utilization rate of the bait is reduced, the breeding cost is increased, and the like. If the number of the trash fish is large, the water in the culture pond is turbid easily, and becomes a continuous turbid state, and the quality of the shrimps and the crabs is influenced.

At present, the most common method for removing wild trash fish in shrimp and crab ponds is a drug removing method, such as sodium pentachlorophenate and the like. However, due to the toxicity of sodium pentachlorophenate and serious pollution to the environment, the No. 193 directive of Ministry of agriculture 4 months 2002 has been definitely forbidden to use, especially the No. one central document in 2021 specifies that the supervision and management of the use of veterinary drugs and other input products for aquaculture are enhanced, the quality safety level of aquaculture products is improved, and the green and healthy aquaculture is promoted. Patent CN110214731A discloses a shrimp and crab culture pond trash fish scavenger consisting of rotenone, tea saponin, sodium alginate and fenpropathrin, but the scavenger uses fenpropathrin, the dosage is large, the fenpropathrin can remain in the bodies of shrimps and crabs, human beings can injure the bodies of the shrimps and crabs to different degrees after eating the scavenger, and simultaneously, the dosage of the rotenone and the tea saponin is large; patent CN102342283A provides a combined preparation for killing wild trash fish in shrimp and crab ponds, which has poor dispersion effect in water and poor trash fish removing effect although no medicine is left in the shrimp and crab bodies; the existing trash fish scavenging agent on the market has the advantages that firstly, the retention time of active ingredients is short, and the using amount is doubled after three months; secondly, the dispersion effect in water is poor, the use effect is influenced, thirdly, a large amount of organic solvent is used, the discharge of VOC is excessive, the harm to human body is caused, and the environment is polluted. Therefore, a need exists for a novel, stable and efficient scavenger for trash fish in shrimp and crab culture ponds.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent and a preparation method thereof, the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent has stronger fish poison activity to fishes, has no toxicity to shrimps and crabs, effectively scavenges wild trash fish in shrimp and crab ponds, has obvious drug effect, strong pertinence, long storage time and simple preparation method.

The invention provides a shrimp and crab breeding trash fish scavenging agent which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of derris powder, 10-15 parts of tea saponin, 2-5 parts of a stabilizer, 4-8 parts of a surfactant, 3-5 parts of a pH regulator, 20-30 parts of a cosolvent and 10-30 parts of water.

Preferably, the derris powder is powder of 50-80 meshes, and the mass percentage of rotenone in the derris powder is 4.5-10%.

Preferably, the stabilizer is one of pentaerythritol, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, butyl hydroxyanisole and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Preferably, the surfactant is a mixture of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene and polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or a mixture of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate and lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate; wherein the C atom of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene is preferably C₈～C₁₀。

Preferably, the pH adjusting agent is phosphoric acid or citric acid.

Preferably, the cosolvent is any one or more of ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1 preparation of first Dispersion

Mixing a surfactant and a pH regulator according to the formula ratio, dissolving in water, and performing dispersion treatment to obtain a mixed solution; adding the tea saponin with the formula amount into the mixed solution, and continuously dispersing to obtain a first dispersion system;

s2 preparation of second Dispersion

Adding a stabilizer with a formula amount into a cosolvent, and performing primary dispersion treatment to obtain a mixed solution; adding the derris powder with the formula amount into the mixed solution, and performing secondary dispersion treatment to obtain a second dispersion system;

s3 preparation of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

Adding the first dispersion system into a second dispersion system, and performing dispersion treatment to obtain a shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent;

s4 compounding of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

And diluting the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger obtained in the step S3 with water, and soaking for 1-2 hours for later use.

Preferably, in S1, the dispersing speed is 150-300 r/min, and the dispersing time is 0.5-1 h; in S2, the dispersing speed is 200-500 r/min, the primary dispersing time is 0.5-1 h, and the secondary dispersing time is 2.5-5 h; in S3, the dispersing speed is 500-800 r/min, and the dispersing time is 0.5-1.5 h.

Preferably, the ratio of the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent to water is 1g to 20 ml-100 ml.

Preferably, the dosage of the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger is 1.5-3.5g/m³。

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the derris powder adopted in the scavenger for the trash fish in shrimp and crab cultivation provided by the invention has stronger fish poison activity to fishes and no toxicity to shrimps and crabs; the tea saponin has biological activities such as antibiosis and fish poison, has good water solubility, and effectively improves the culture water quality; the cosolvent can extract the active ingredient rotenone in the derris powder to further play the role of the rotenone; the stabilizer mainly plays a role in antioxidation, and can inhibit or delay the thermal oxidation of the rotenone in the air, so that the loss of the rotenone in the aquaculture water body is effectively reduced; the pH regulator also has good stabilizing effect on rotenone; the surfactant can effectively control the dispersibility of the trash fish in water; the above components have synergistic effect, so that wild trash fish in the shrimp and crab culture pond is effectively removed, the drug effect is remarkable, the pertinence is strong, and the energy efficiency time is long.

(2) The preparation method of the removing agent for the trash fish in shrimp and crab cultivation provided by the invention is simple, the rotenone root and the tea saponin are renewable green and environment-friendly industrial raw materials, water bodies and aquatic weeds are not damaged, meanwhile, the dosage of the rotenone and the tea saponin is less, the production cost is reasonable, three wastes are not discharged, the removing agent is green and environment-friendly, and the removing agent is suitable for industrial production.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention, the following embodiments are further described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

The following test methods and detection methods, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods; the reagents and starting materials are all commercially available, unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

A shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of derris powder, 10 parts of tea saponin, 2 parts of pentaerythritol, 2 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (OP-10), 2 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate (Tween-80), 3 parts of phosphoric acid, 20 parts of ethanol and 10 parts of water.

A preparation method of a shrimp and crab breeding trash fish scavenging agent comprises the following steps:

s1 preparation of first Dispersion

Mixing 2 parts of OP-10, 2 parts of Tween-80 and 3 parts of phosphoric acid, dissolving in water, and performing dispersion treatment at 150r/min for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution; adding 10 parts of tea saponin into the mixed solution, and continuously performing dispersion treatment at 150r/min for 0.5h to obtain a first dispersion system;

s2 preparation of second Dispersion

Adding 2 parts of pentaerythritol into 20 parts of ethanol, performing dispersion treatment at 200r/min for 0.5h, adding 30 parts of derris powder into the mixed solution, and performing dispersion treatment at 200r/min for 2.5h to obtain a second dispersion system;

s3 preparation of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

Adding the first dispersion system into a second dispersion system, and performing dispersion treatment at 500r/min for 0.5h to obtain a shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger;

s4 compounding of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

And (3) mixing the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger obtained in the step (S3) with water according to the weight ratio of 1g: diluting with 20ml, and soaking for 1 h.

Example 2

A shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of derris powder, 15 parts of tea saponin, 5 parts of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), 4 parts of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate (AEP), 4 parts of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate (AEO-9P), 5 parts of citric acid, 30 parts of methanol and 30 parts of water.

A preparation method of a shrimp and crab breeding trash fish scavenging agent comprises the following steps:

s1 preparation of first Dispersion

Mixing 4 parts of AEP, 4 parts of AEO-9P and 5 parts of citric acid, dissolving in water, and performing dispersion treatment at 300r/min for 1h to obtain a mixed solution; adding 15 parts of tea saponin into the mixed solution, and continuously performing dispersion treatment at 300r/min for 1h to obtain a first dispersion system;

s2 preparation of second Dispersion

Adding 30 parts of methanol into 5 parts of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), performing dispersion treatment at 500r/min for 1h, adding 40 parts of derris powder into the mixed solution, and performing dispersion treatment at 500r/min for 5h to obtain a second dispersion system;

s3 preparation of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

Adding the first dispersion system into a second dispersion system, and performing dispersion treatment at 800r/min for 1.5h to obtain a shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger;

s4 compounding of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

And (3) mixing the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger obtained in the step (S3) with water according to the weight ratio of 1g: diluting with 100ml, and soaking for 2 h.

Example 3

A shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of derris powder, 12 parts of tea saponin, 3 parts of Butyl Hydroxy Anisol (BHA), 3 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (OP-10), 3 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate (Tween-80), 4 parts of phosphoric acid, 25 parts of ethyl acetate and 20 parts of water.

A preparation method of a shrimp and crab breeding trash fish scavenging agent comprises the following steps:

s1 preparation of first Dispersion

Mixing 3 parts of OP-10, 3 parts of Tween-80 and 4 parts of phosphoric acid, dissolving in water, and performing dispersion treatment at 200r/min for 45min to obtain a mixed solution; adding 12 parts of tea saponin into the mixed solution, and continuously performing dispersion treatment at 200r/min for 45min to obtain a first dispersion system;

s2 preparation of second Dispersion

Adding 3 parts of BHA into 25 parts of ethyl acetate, performing dispersion treatment at 350r/min for 45min, adding 35 parts of derris powder into the mixed solution, and performing dispersion treatment at 350r/min for 3.5h to obtain a second dispersion system;

s3 preparation of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

Adding the first dispersion system into a second dispersion system, and performing dispersion treatment at 650r/min for 1h to obtain a shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger;

s4 compounding of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

And (3) mixing the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger obtained in the step (S3) with water according to the weight ratio of 1g: diluting with 60ml, and soaking for 1.5 h.

Example 4

A shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of derris powder, 13 parts of tea saponin, 4 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 2.5 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (OP-10), 2.5 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate (Tween-80), 3.5 parts of citric acid, 22 parts of a mixture of methanol and ethanol and 15 parts of water.

A preparation method of a shrimp and crab breeding trash fish scavenging agent comprises the following steps:

s1 preparation of first Dispersion

Mixing 2.5 parts of OP-10, 2.5 parts of Tween-80 and 3.5 parts of citric acid, dissolving in water, and performing dispersion treatment at 250r/min for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution; adding 13 parts of tea saponin into the mixed solution, and continuously performing dispersion treatment at 250r/min for 0.5h to obtain a first dispersion system;

s2 preparation of second Dispersion

Adding 4 parts of PVP into a mixture of 22 parts of methanol and ethanol, performing dispersion treatment at 400r/min for 1h, adding 32 parts of derris powder into the mixed solution, and performing dispersion treatment at 400r/min for 2.5h to obtain a second dispersion system;

s3 preparation of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

Adding the first dispersion system into a second dispersion system, and performing dispersion treatment at 700r/min for 0.5h to obtain a shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger;

s4 compounding of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

And (3) mixing the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger obtained in the step (S3) with water according to the weight ratio of 1g: diluting with 40ml, and soaking for 1 h.

Example 5

A shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenging agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 38 parts of derris powder, 15 parts of tea saponin, 4 parts of pentaerythritol, 3.5 parts of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate (AEP), 3.5 parts of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether phosphate (AEO-9P), 4.5 parts of citric acid, 28 parts of a mixture of methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate and 25 parts of water.

A preparation method of a shrimp and crab breeding trash fish scavenging agent comprises the following steps:

s1 preparation of first Dispersion

Mixing 3.5 parts of AEP, 3.5 parts of AEO-9P and 4.5 parts of citric acid, dissolving in water, and performing dispersion treatment at 250r/min for 1h to obtain a mixed solution; adding 15 parts of tea saponin into the mixed solution, and continuously performing dispersion treatment at 250r/min for 1h to obtain a first dispersion system;

s2 preparation of second Dispersion

Adding 4 parts of pentaerythritol into a mixture of 28 parts of methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate, performing dispersion treatment at 400r/min for 1h, adding 38 parts of derris powder into the mixed solution, and performing dispersion treatment at 400r/min for 4h to obtain a second dispersion system;

s3 preparation of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

Adding the first dispersion system into a second dispersion system, and performing dispersion treatment at 550r/min for 1.5h to obtain a shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger;

s4 compounding of shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger

And (3) mixing the shrimp and crab culture trash fish scavenger obtained in the step (S3) with water according to the weight ratio of 1g: diluting with 80ml, and soaking for 2 h.

For the shrimp and crab culture pond trash fish scavenging agents prepared in the above embodiments 1 to 5, the content change of rotenone is detected respectively, and the rotenone standard sample (content more than 99%) provided by the hai-and-tian biotechnology limited company is used as a reference, and the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) of the Agilent1200 company in the united states is adopted for detection. Detection conditions are as follows: c18 chromatographic column, 250mm × 4.0mm stainless steel column, mobile phase v (acetonitrile): v (water): 80: 20, column temperature: 30 ℃, the flow rate is 1.0ml/min, the detection wavelength is 299nm, and the sample injection amount is as follows: 10 μ L, retention time of rotenone is 4.086 min. The change in rotenone content in examples 1 to 5 is shown in table 1 below:

TABLE 1 variation of rotenone content in examples 1 to 5

As can be seen from Table 1: the content of an effective component rotenone in the vine powder in the shrimp and crab culture pond trash fish scavenger prepared in the embodiment 1-5 is less loss along with the change of time, and the rotenone in the culture water body is more stable.

The using effect of the shrimp and crab culture pond trash fish scavenging agent prepared in the embodiment 1-5 is detected.

Test materials: the method comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining the pseudorasbora parva, the crucian carp and the loach from farmer markets, wherein the pseudorasbora parva body is 2-3 cm long, and the pseudorasbora parva and the loach body are 8-10 cm long; freshwater shrimps and macrobrachium rosenbergii are purchased from farmer markets, and the body length is 3-4 cm; the test fish were kept for 2 days in aerated tap water.

The test conditions are as follows: the water tank size is 100cm multiplied by 80cm multiplied by 60cm, the test water depth is about 40cm, the test water temperature is 25 +/-1 ℃, and the test water pH is 6.8.

The test method comprises the following steps: 10 fish of the pseudorasbora parva and the crucian carp, 20 fish of the freshwater shrimp and the macrobrachium rosenbergii and 10 loaches are respectively placed in each water tank, and a blank control group without any medicine is arranged at the same time; the test chamber is inflated by an inflator pump, 48 hours of observation and recording are carried out, and each test is repeated at least 5 times.

The using effects of the shrimp and crab culture pond trash fish scavenging agents prepared in the above embodiments 1-5 are similar, and the using dosages are controlled to be 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5g/m respectively by taking the embodiment 3 as an example only³The trash fish removing effect was examined, and the test results are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 Effect of the Remover for miscellaneous fishes in the shrimp and crab culture pond

Dosage (g/m)3)	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0	3.5	Blank group
							6h cumulative mortality/%)	5	15	48	85	90	0
12h cumulative mortality/%)	20	35	75	90	95	0
							24h cumulative mortality/%)	33	80	100	100	100	0
48h cumulative mortality/%)	45	100	100	100	100	3

As can be seen from Table 2: the mixed fish scavenger for the shrimp and crab culture pond prepared by the invention has obvious effect of scavenging the mixed fish, and the scavenging rate can reach 100%.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.