阅读说明：本技术 一种植酸阻燃木材及其制备方法 (A kind of phytic acid fire retarding wood and preparation method thereof ) 是由 王明枝 吴宇晖 张少迪 曹金珍 于 2019-08-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及阻燃材料技术领域,具体涉及一种植酸阻燃木材及其制备方法,其主要改进之处为：对木材进行抽真空处理后,在高压条件下用植酸溶液对木材进行浸渍处理。本发明中的阻燃剂植酸来源于天然植物组织,是一种环境友好且易得的有机酸。利用植酸处理木材试样,可以减少木材燃烧过程中的热释放,同时可催化木材形成炭层,起到隔绝热量,减少可燃性气体溢出,使木材热解朝着不完全燃烧的方向进行等作用。而且本发明技术工艺简单,操作方便,符合环保要求,同时阻燃效果明显,具有广泛的应用前景。(The present invention relates to fire proofing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of phytic acid fire retarding wood and preparation method thereof, main improvements are as follows: after carrying out vacuumize process to timber, carries out impregnation to timber with plant acid solution under high pressure.Fire retardant phytic acid in the present invention derives from natural plants tissue, is organic acid that is a kind of environmental-friendly and being easy to get.Wood sample is handled using phytic acid, it is possible to reduce the effects of heat during combustion of wood discharges, while can be catalyzed wood formation layer of charcoal, plays isolation heat, reduces imflammable gas and overflows, carries out the thermal decomposition of wood towards unburnt direction.And the technology of the present invention simple process, it is easy to operate, meet environmental requirement, while flame retardant effect is obvious, is with a wide range of applications.)

1. a kind of preparation method of phytic acid fire retarding wood, which comprises the steps of: carry out vacuumize process to timber Afterwards, impregnation is carried out to the timber with plant acid solution under high pressure.

2. the method according to claim 1, wherein using the solution of plant acid solution and metal salt under high pressure Impregnation is carried out to the timber, it is preferred that the metal salt is zinc salt, more preferably zinc acetate.

3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, first being carried out at dipping with the plant acid solution to the timber Reason, then impregnation is carried out to the timber with the solution of the metal salt.

4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, being distinguished with the solution of the plant acid solution and the metal salt After the completion of the timber pickling, the timber is dried respectively；Preferably, the solution of the zinc salt, which impregnates, completes Afterwards, dry concrete operations are that the timber is carried out heated-air drying under conditions of 65~75 DEG C.

5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the plant acid solution dipping after the completion of to the timber into The dry concrete operations of row are as follows: first gas does 46~50h, then 35~45h of heated-air drying under conditions of 60 DEG C~80 DEG C, finally Heated-air drying 20h~30h under the conditions of 90 DEG C~110 DEG C.

6. according to the described in any item methods of claim 2~5, which is characterized in that the quality of phytic acid point in the plant acid solution Number is 5~20%, preferably 13~17%；And/or the mass fraction of zinc acetate is 15~30% in the zinc acetate solution, it is excellent Select 23~27%.

7. described in any item methods according to claim 1~6, which is characterized in that vacuum during the vacuumize process Degree is more than or equal to 0.07Mpa；Preferably, vacuum degree is 0.09~0.1Mpa, and the time vacuumized is 20~40min.

8. described in any item methods according to claim 1~7, which is characterized in that the condition of high voltage is more than or equal to for pressure 0.5Mpa, it is preferred that 1~2h of pressurized treatments.

9. the method according to claim 1, wherein including the following steps:

By timber under conditions of 0.09~0.1Mpa of vacuum degree 20~40min of vacuumize process, be more than or equal in pressure Impregnation is carried out to timber with the plant acid solution that mass fraction is 13~17% under conditions of 0.5MPa, then timber is carried out It is dry；Timber is soaked with the zinc acetate solution that mass fraction is 23~27% under conditions of pressure is more than or equal to 0.5MPa Timber, is then placed under conditions of 65~75 DEG C of temperature and carries out heated-air drying by stain processing.

10. the fire retarding wood that any one of claim 1~9 the method is prepared.

Technical field

The invention belongs to fire proofing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of phytic acid fire retarding wood and preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Timber with the deep attention by people of its natural texture and aesthetic feeling, the nontoxic and exclusive feature such as renewable and Like, is widely used in interior of building.But due to the combustibility of timber, limited in many application fields.In order to obtain Environmental-friendly, safe living environment is obtained, timber need to be handled with fire retardant.

Based on environmentally protective consideration, the research using biomass material as fire retardant is had received widespread attention in recent years. Phytic acid (also known as phytic acid, inositol phosphate) is organic acid that is a kind of environmental-friendly, nontoxic and being easy to get, more The major storage form in plant tissue as phosphorus is planted, 28% P elements are contained in molecular wt, it is considered to be " green " molecule. Phytic acid is in faint yellow to filbert paste liquid, soluble easily in water, ethyl alcohol and acetone, is practically insoluble in ether, benzene and chloroform.From resistance From the perspective of combustion, phosphorus content is higher in molecule, and the flame retardant property of molecule is better, therefore phytic acid is a kind of biology of great potential Matter fire proofing.

Summary of the invention

For the problem of the fire-retarding of wood difference of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of preparation side of phytic acid fire retarding wood Method includes the following steps: after carrying out vacuumize process to timber, is impregnated under high pressure with plant acid solution to the timber Processing.

Wood sample is handled using phytic acid, phytic acid is thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition process of timber, and the acid of generation can be catalyzed The fine and close continuous protectiveness layer of charcoal of wood formation, plays isolation timber inside and outside heat, reduces Initial Stages of Pyrolysis imflammable gas and overflow Out, the effects of carrying out the thermal decomposition of wood towards unburnt direction.

Preferably, impregnation is carried out to timber with plant acid solution and metal salt solution under high pressure.The study found that Only timber is handled with phytic acid, still remains that smog burst size is big, at the problem that charcoal effect is poor.In fire retardant phytic acid Metallic compound, which is added, facilitates the thermal stability of produced layer of charcoal during improvement material combustion.Phytic acid list can be effectively improved The problem of only use process.The synergistic fire retardant mechanism of metal salt and P elements may be the salt tool in thermal decomposition There is higher volatility, preferably retard flame is propagated after condensing into gas phase；The combination of metal and phosphorus simultaneously is in combustion More stable metal/phosphorus crystalline compounds are generated, the effect of retard flame can also be played.

It is further preferred that the metal salt is zinc salt, preferably zinc acetate.Present invention discover that phytic acid and zinc acetate are hindering Fuel efficiency fruit, operation etc. comprehensive utilization value are best.

Preferably, impregnation first carried out to timber with the plant acid solution, then with the metal salt solution to timber into Row impregnation.Zinc acetate is powdered, if first carrying out impregnation to timber with zinc acetate, powdered object after the completion of dry Material is easy the cell hole of blocking timber, is unfavorable for dipping and the entrance of subsequent phytic acid, and first being handled with zinc acetate then can avoid State the generation of problem.

Preferably, with the plant acid solution and the metal salt solution respectively to timber pickling after the completion of, respectively to timber It is dried；

Preferably, after the completion of the zinc solution is to timber pickling, timber is subjected to hot wind under conditions of 65~75 DEG C It is dry.Timber is dried at a temperature of this, is conducive to phytic acid and zinc salt in wood internal and forms complex compound.

It is further preferred that timber is carried out hot wind under conditions of 68~72 DEG C after the completion of zinc acetate is to timber pickling It is dry.

Preferably, concrete operations dry after the completion of the plant acid solution dipping are that first gas does 46~50h, then 60 DEG C~80 DEG C under conditions of 35~45h of heated-air drying, finally heated-air drying 20h~30h under the conditions of 90 DEG C~110 DEG C, it is cooling, Up to timber test specimen to be processed.

It is further preferred that first gas does 46~50h, 40h is then dried under conditions of 60 DEG C -80 DEG C, then in 105 DEG C of items Dry 20h-30h under part.

Preferably, the mass fraction of phytic acid is 5~20%, more preferable 13~17% in the plant acid solution；

Preferably, the mass fraction of zinc acetate is 10~30%, excellent 23~27% in the zinc acetate solution.

As a preferred option, the mass fraction of phytic acid is 13~17% in the plant acid solution；The zinc acetate solution The mass fraction of middle zinc acetate is 23~27%.In above-mentioned concentration range, the synergistic effect of above two substance is more preferable.

As optimal scheme, the mass fraction of phytic acid is 15% in the plant acid solution；Vinegar in the zinc acetate solution The mass fraction of sour zinc is 25%.In above-mentioned concentration range, the synergistic effect of above two substance is best.

Preferably, vacuum degree is more than or equal to 0.07Mpa during the vacuumize process；

It is further preferred that vacuum degree is 0.09~0.1Mpa, the time vacuumized is 20~40min.Above-mentioned true Under empty condition, the air extraction as much as possible in wood surface histocyte can be prepared to improve pickling efficiency.

The condition of high voltage is that pressure is more than or equal to 0.5Mpa, handles under the above conditions, can promote fire retardant and enter wood Material cell.

Further preferential, 1~2h of pressurized treatments.

As a preferred option, include the following steps:

By timber vacuum degree be more than or equal to 0.09Mpa under conditions of 20~40min of vacuumize process, it is then big in pressure Impregnation is carried out to timber for 13~17% plant acid solution with mass fraction under conditions of being equal to 0.5MPa, to timber into Row drying；Timber is carried out with the zinc acetate solution that mass fraction is 23~27% under conditions of pressure is more than or equal to 0.5MPa Timber is placed under conditions of 65~75 DEG C of temperature and carries out heated-air drying by impregnation.

Above-mentioned preferred scheme is particularly suitable for solid wood class (such as: poplar) timber.

Gas of the present invention is dry to be referred to and dries in air.

Plant acid solution of the present invention refers to that the aqueous solution of phytic acid, zinc acetate solution of the present invention refer to the water of zinc acetate Solution.

The fire retarding wood that it is another object of the present invention to protect the method for the invention to be prepared.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1) the invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of phytic acid fire retarding wood, and wherein fire retardant phytic acid derives from natural plants Tissue, be easy to get extensively, it is nontoxic, and in molecule containing 28% P elements, can be used as environmentally friendly phosphorus flame retardant.It prepares Fire retarding wood excellent fireproof performance, and preparation method simple process is easy to operate.

2) wood sample is handled using phytic acid, phytic acid can be thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition process of timber, the acid of generation Timber dewatering can be catalyzed into charcoal, fine and close continuous protectiveness layer of charcoal is formed, play isolation timber inside and outside heat, reduce pyrolysis just The effects of phase imflammable gas overflows, and carries out the thermal decomposition of wood towards unburnt direction.

The non-treated set product of resistance thermal efficiency ratio of products obtained therefrom improves 82-86%, and carbon left improves 32%-122%.

3) wood sample, the synergistic fire retardant mechanism of metal salt and P elements are handled using phytic acid and two step infusion process of zinc acetate It may be the salt volatility with higher in thermal decomposition, preferably retard flame is propagated after condensing into gas phase；Gold simultaneously Belong to and the combination of phosphorus generates more stable metal/phosphorus crystalline compounds in combustion, the effect of retard flame can also be played. The suppression cigarette efficiency of products obtained therefrom improves 66.12% than single phytic acid processing product, and carbon left improves 222.33%.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 shows phytic acid concentrations different in comparative example 1 of the invention, embodiment 1-4,5 phytic acid of embodiment and zinc acetate are multiple Heat release rate (HRR) figure of taper calorimetric test under the conditions of matching；

Fig. 2 indicates that comparative example 1 of the invention, different phytic acid concentrations, 5 phytic acid of embodiment and zinc acetate are answered in embodiment 1-4 Total heat release (THR) figure of taper calorimetric test under the conditions of matching；

Fig. 3 indicates that comparative example 1 of the invention, different phytic acid concentrations, 5 phytic acid of embodiment and zinc acetate are answered in embodiment 1-4 Total smog burst size (TSP) figure of taper calorimetric test under the conditions of matching；

Fig. 4 indicate comparative example 1 of the invention, embodiment 3,5 taper calorimetric of embodiment test total smog burst size (TSP) Figure；

Fig. 5 indicates that different phytic acid concentrations, 5 phytic acid of embodiment and zinc acetate are answered in comparative example 1 and embodiment 1-4 of the invention Weightlessness and surplus (TG) figure under the conditions of matching.

Specific embodiment

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..Unless otherwise specified, embodiment Used in the conventional means that are well known to those skilled in the art of technological means, raw materials used is commercial goods.

Phytic acid purchase used in the following embodiment shoots a retrievable arrow company, goods number from Peking blue are as follows: P108521.Zinc acetate purchase It buys from Peking blue and shoots a retrievable arrow company, goods number are as follows: Z820726.