阅读说明：本技术 一种3d打印机用液体材料打印头 (A kind of 3D printer fluent material print head ) 是由 侯有军 于 2019-07-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种3D打印机用液体材料打印头,主要由从上到下依次连接的气缸部、连接组件和料筒部组成；料筒部主要包括导向套管、料筒阀、打印喷头和套管防松螺帽；气缸体的气室內设有一个与气室壁密封滑动配合的活塞体；连接组件主要包括连接支架和阀针夹具；活塞体与阀杆的上端固定连接；阀杆下端伸出气缸体,进入密封套管,穿过密封套管后与阀针夹具上端连接；阀针从下向上穿过出料口、料腔室、顶部针孔和弹簧,与阀针夹具下端连接；密封阀头呈锥体状,当阀针上移时封闭出料口,下移时打开出料口。本发明结构简单可靠、维护方便,具有断料回吸功能和打印喷头自动伸缩功能,特别适用于包含液体材料的多喷头多材质3D打印。(The invention discloses a kind of 3D printer fluent material print heads, are mainly made of sequentially connected cylinder part from top to bottom, connection component and barrel portion；Barrel portion mainly includes guide sleeve, barrel valve, printing head and casing jam nut；It is equipped with one in the gas chamber of cylinder block and seals the piston body being slidably matched with air chamber wall；Connection component mainly includes connecting bracket and needle fixture；Piston body is fixedly connected with the upper end of valve rod；Valve rod lower end stretches out cylinder body is connect after passing through sealing sleeve pipe with needle fixture upper end into sealing sleeve pipe；Needle passes through discharge port, material chamber, top pin hole and spring from bottom to top, connect with needle fixture lower end；Valve head is sealed in cone-shaped, discharge port is closed when needle moves up, discharge port is opened when moving down.The configuration of the present invention is simple is reliable, easy to maintain, has the function of fracture resorption and printing head automatic telescopic function, especially suitable for the more material 3D printings of more spray heads comprising fluent material.)

1. a kind of 3D printer fluent material print head, it is characterised in that: mainly by sequentially connected cylinder part from top to bottom, Connection component and barrel portion composition；The cylinder part includes cylinder block, piston body and valve rod；One is equipped in the gas chamber of cylinder block It is a to seal the piston body being slidably matched with air chamber wall；Piston body is fixedly connected with the upper end of valve rod, above and below piston body Gas chamber sidewall is respectively equipped with the first air inlet and the second air inlet；First air inlet and the second air inlet are connected to gas source respectively；

The connection component mainly includes connecting bracket and needle fixture；Needle fixture, needle fixture are equipped in connecting bracket Upper end and connecting bracket upper end lower surface form spacing, and needle clamp base and connecting bracket upper base surface form spacing；Gas The bottom of cylinder body is equipped with a sealing sleeve pipe being slidably matched with valve stem seal；Sealing sleeve pipe upper end and the bottom of cylinder block connect It connects, lower end is protruded into connecting bracket, is connect with connecting bracket；Valve rod lower end stretches out cylinder body passes through sealing into sealing sleeve pipe It is connect after casing with needle fixture upper end；

The barrel portion mainly includes guide sleeve, barrel valve, printing head and casing jam nut；The guide sleeve It is fixedly connected with connecting bracket；Guide sleeve is ladder hollow cylinder structure, and upper end inflated diameter is less than lower end inflated diameter, rank The first limit is formed at ladder；Barrel valve is periphery stepped cylindrical structure, and upper end cylindrical periphery diameter is small, lower end cylindrical periphery diameter Greatly, the second limit is formed at the ladder of periphery；Barrel valve is arranged in guide sleeve, the outer wall of barrel valve and the inner wall of guide sleeve Closely it is slidably matched；The inner cavity top of guide sleeve is equipped with spring, and the lower end of guide sleeve is equipped with axial slotted opening and circle All external screw threads；Barrel valve lower end be equipped with material chamber, expect chamber lower end be discharge port, material chamber laterally with stretch out barrel valve lower end The feed inlet of exterior circular column is connected to；Feed inlet is horizontally set in slotted opening；The material chamber upper end of barrel valve be equipped with one with Needle seals the top pin hole being slidably matched；Needle lower end is equipped with sealing valve head, and needle passes through discharge port, material chamber from bottom to top Room, top pin hole and spring are fixedly connected with needle fixture lower end；Sealing valve head is located in discharge port；Seal the diameter of valve head Equal to the intracavity diameter of discharge port, greater than the intracavity diameter of material chamber lower end；

The printing head includes that spray head feed inlet, spray head material chamber and printing spout, spray head feed inlet are located at spray head material chamber The upper end of room, it is mutually nested with the discharge port of barrel valve, it is in tight interference fit, prints spout upper end and spray head material chamber phase It is logical；Casing jam nut is cavity structure, and cavity top is cylindrical, is equipped with internal screw thread, the external screw thread with guide sleeve lower end Connection, cavity lower part are equipped with opening in cone, bottom；Printing head is located in the cavity of casing jam nut, prints spout The bottom opening of lower end stretching casing jam nut.

2. 3D printer according to claim 1 fluent material print head, it is characterised in that: on the needle fixture End is equipped with threaded hole, and lower end is equipped with aperture；The mode that valve rod is connect with needle fixture upper end is to be threadedly coupled；Needle and needle press from both sides The mode for having lower end connection is that needle protrudes into the aperture of needle fixture lower end, and needle upper end leads in the lower end aperture of needle fixture It crosses lateral lock-screw to fix, lateral lock-screw is arranged on the side wall of needle fixture lower end.

3. 3D printer according to claim 1 fluent material print head, it is characterised in that: the connecting bracket is The frame-type structure of opening, including the upper and lower end face being parallel to each other and the middle fixing plate being connect with upper and lower end face；The frame-type of opening Needle fixture is equipped in structure；Middle fixing plate is equipped with multiple circular holes, passes through the X-axis slide block of circular hole and screw and 3D printer It is fixedly connected.

4. 3D printer according to claim 1 fluent material print head, it is characterised in that: the connecting bracket upper end Face is equipped with installation circular hole, and sealing sleeve pipe lower end passes through installation circular hole, positioned at the sealing sleeve pipe periphery of connecting bracket upper surface lower part Equipped with the first locking nut, sealing sleeve pipe is fixed with connecting bracket upper surface by the first locking nut.

5. 3D printer according to claim 4 fluent material print head, it is characterised in that: on the needle fixture The stem outer circumference in face is equipped with the second locking nut, and valve rod lower end is fixed with needle fixture upper end by the second locking nut； C-type or O-shaped shock ring are cased on valve rod between one locking nut and the second locking nut.

6. 3D printer according to claim 1 fluent material print head, it is characterised in that: the needle fixture Lower end surface is pasted with vibration damping sheet, and vibration damping sheet is circular plastic thin slice, and center is equipped with circular hole.

7. 3D printer according to claim 1 fluent material print head, it is characterised in that: the guide sleeve with The mode that connecting bracket is fixedly connected is that connecting bracket lower end surface is equipped with connected circular hole, and the top of guide sleeve is located at connection circle Hole, connecting bracket lower end surface side are equipped with threaded hole, are equipped with lateral register screw in threaded hole, will even by lateral register screw Pedestal lower end is connect to fix with guide sleeve.

8. 3D printer according to claim 1 fluent material print head, it is characterised in that: the printing spout is Elongated tubular flat mouth structure.

9. 3D printer according to claim 1 fluent material print head, it is characterised in that: first air inlet Pass through quick-release connector and solenoid valve respectively with the second air inlet to connect with gas source.

10. 3D printer according to claim 1 fluent material print head, it is characterised in that: the 3D printer It is more than two combinations with fluent material print head, more than two 3D printers are with fluent material print head according to identical height It is mounted side by side in the X-axis slide block of 3D printer.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of 3D printers, and in particular to a kind of 3D printer fluent material print head belongs to 3D and beats Print technical field.

Background technique

3D printing is one kind based on digital model file, by solid powder, fluent material or polymer melt material Construct the rapid shaping technique of object by layer-by-layer printing.Current existing 3D printing technique is numerous, including squeezes out Form (fusion sediment formula FDM and liquid write-through LDW), Stereolithography (laser scan type SLA, projection cured type DLP or Polymeric spray formula PolyJet) and powdering molding (laser sintered formula SLS/SLM or the bonded 3DP of ink-jet) etc., wherein extruded type 3D printing is earliest, the most widely used one kind of development.

In traditional extruded type 3D printing technique, mostly designed with single nozzle based on, and technology is more mature.With more face The development of color and more material 3D printing techniques, more and more 3D printing equipment start using double spray heads or more sprinkler designs.So And either single nozzle, double spray heads or more sprinkler designs, the nozzle position and nozzle height of existing extruded type 3D printer It is most of be it is fixed, this traditional design can bring some problems: single nozzle is when non-print section fast moves, nozzle Printer model is often scratched, unless taking the passive mode for changing Z axis coordinate to avoid risk；The feelings of double spray heads or more spray heads Under condition, because the height of each spray head is identical, at work, another spray head often scratches model to a spray head, influences impression block Type appearance.Although having had taken up a variety of methods in the prior art to solve the above problems, there are still many drawbacks.

Chinese invention patent application CN106626388A discloses a kind of double ejecting devices of 3D printer, Chinese invention patent Application CN108790145A discloses a kind of scalable double spray head FDM-3D printer head components of electromagnetism manipulation, and the two is main It is that stretching for double spray heads is controlled by the on-off of electromagnet.Chinese utility model patent CN206781005U discloses one kind certainly The dynamic 3D printer for adjusting height discloses a kind of double nozzle components of 3D printer with double spray heads, CN206926264U, CN207549494U discloses a kind of double spray heads of adjustable 3D printing, and CN207682959U discloses a kind of for 3D printer Double spray head switching devices, four reciprocating rotaries for mainly passing through motor drive moving up and down for double spray heads.Chinese utility model is special Sharp CN207105636U discloses a kind of double spray heads of FFF printer pneumatic type, mainly by FFF printer (i.e. FDM) Double spray heads on pneumatic unit outside plus realize the flexible of double spray heads.The above-mentioned prior art is all made of the electricity outside plus Magnetic cell, electric motor units or pneumatic unit realize the automatic telescopics of double spray heads, cause printing head modular construction complicated, body Long-pending and weight is larger, influences fast moving for print head, and generate unnecessary energy consumption；Meanwhile it being not directed in above-mentioned patent The 3D printing of fluent material and its extension and contraction control of print head.

Chinese invention patent application CN107053662A discloses a kind of photocuring silica gel 3D printing device and its printing side Method, CN109016070A disclose a kind of double spray head extruded type ceramics 3D printers and its Method of printing, and CN109203174A is public A kind of double ejecting devices of extruded type 3D printing are opened, three realizes photocuring silica gel material, ceramic slurry and concrete respectively Double nozzle printings of slurry.Chinese invention patent CN108391844A discloses a kind of multi-functional 3D printer, and China is practical new Type patent CN208164300U discloses a kind of double spray head 3D printers of soft or hard material convolution, and the two realizes solid filament respectively Double nozzle printings of material and fluent material；Chinese utility model patent CN208020765U discloses one kind and beats for biology 3D The material supplying systems of print are switched the working condition of the double spray heads of different biomaterials using electromagnetic pneumatic reversal valve, avoided Screw Extrusion mode carrys out the damage caused by biomaterial.The above-mentioned prior art has all referred to the 3D printing and double sprays of fluent material Head design, but its sprinkler height is unable to adjust automatically, and certainly will will affect print quality, restricts extruded type fluent material 3D printing skill The promotion and popularization of art.

Therefore, 3D printer field is badly in need of providing that a kind of structure is simple, 3D printing of automatically retractable is beaten with fluent material Head is printed, so as to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of 3D printers is printed with fluent material Head, by the automatic telescopic and fracture resorption of printing head, the spray head that effectively prevents not working in print procedure is to printer model Scratch and interfere, improve the print quality of 3D printer, can be not only used for single nozzle 3D printing, but be suitable for multiple color, More spray head 3D printings that plurality of liquid material and solid-liquid material combine, have a wide range of application.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical schemes:

A kind of 3D printer fluent material print head, mainly by sequentially connected cylinder part, connection component from top to bottom It is formed with barrel portion；The cylinder part includes cylinder block, piston body and valve rod；One and gas chamber are equipped in the gas chamber of cylinder block Wall seals the piston body being slidably matched；Piston body is fixedly connected with the upper end of valve rod, the gas chamber sidewall above and below piston body It is respectively equipped with the first air inlet and the second air inlet；First air inlet and the second air inlet are connected to gas source respectively；

The connection component mainly includes connecting bracket and needle fixture；Needle fixture, needle are equipped in connecting bracket Fixture upper end and connecting bracket upper end lower surface form spacing, between needle clamp base and connecting bracket upper base surface are formed Away from；The bottom of cylinder block is equipped with a sealing sleeve pipe being slidably matched with valve stem seal；The bottom of sealing sleeve pipe upper end and cylinder block Portion's connection, lower end is protruded into connecting bracket, is connect with connecting bracket；Valve rod lower end stretches out cylinder body is passed through into sealing sleeve pipe It is connect after sealing sleeve pipe with needle fixture upper end；

The barrel portion mainly includes guide sleeve, barrel valve, printing head and casing jam nut；The guiding Casing is fixedly connected with connecting bracket；Guide sleeve is ladder hollow cylinder structure, and it is hollow straight that upper end inflated diameter is less than lower end Diameter forms the first limit at ladder；Barrel valve is periphery stepped cylindrical structure, and upper end cylindrical periphery diameter is small, outside the cylinder of lower end All diameters are big, and the second limit is formed at the ladder of periphery；Barrel valve is arranged in guide sleeve, the outer wall and guide sleeve of barrel valve Inner wall be closely slidably matched；The inner cavity top of guide sleeve is equipped with spring, and the lower end of guide sleeve is equipped with the long and narrow of axial direction and opens Mouth and circumference external screw thread；Barrel valve lower end be equipped with material chamber, expect chamber lower end be discharge port, material chamber laterally with stretch out barrel The feed inlet of valve lower end exterior circular column is connected to；Feed inlet is horizontally set in slotted opening；The material chamber upper end of barrel valve is equipped with One seals the top pin hole being slidably matched with needle；Needle lower end be equipped with sealing valve head, needle pass through from bottom to top discharge port, Expect chamber, top pin hole and spring, is fixedly connected with needle fixture lower end；Sealing valve head is located in discharge port；Seal valve head Diameter is equal to the intracavity diameter of discharge port, greater than the intracavity diameter of material chamber lower end；

The printing head includes that spray head feed inlet, spray head material chamber and printing spout, spray head feed inlet are located at spray head Expect the upper end of chamber, it is mutually nested with the discharge port of barrel valve, it is in tight interference fit, printing spout upper end and spray head material chamber It communicates；Casing jam nut is cavity structure, and cavity top is cylindrical, is equipped with internal screw thread, the outer spiral shell with guide sleeve lower end Line connection, cavity lower part are equipped with opening in cone, bottom；Printing head is located in the cavity of casing jam nut, printing spray The bottom opening of casing jam nut is stretched out in mouth lower end.

To further realize the object of the invention, it is preferable that the needle fixture upper end is equipped with threaded hole, and lower end is equipped with and opens Hole；The mode that valve rod is connect with needle fixture upper end is to be threadedly coupled；The mode that needle is connect with needle fixture lower end is needle It protrudes into the aperture of needle fixture lower end, needle upper end is fixed in the lower end aperture of needle fixture by lateral lock-screw, side It is arranged on the side wall of needle fixture lower end to lock-screw.

Preferably, the connecting bracket is the frame-type structure of opening, including the upper and lower end face that is parallel to each other and with it is upper and lower The middle fixing plate of end face connection；Needle fixture is equipped in the frame-type structure of opening；Middle fixing plate is equipped with multiple circular holes, leads to Circular hole and screw is crossed to be fixedly connected with the X-axis slide block of 3D printer.

Preferably, the connecting bracket upper surface is equipped with installation circular hole, and sealing sleeve pipe lower end passes through installation circular hole, is located at and connects The sealing sleeve pipe periphery for connecing pedestal upper end face lower part is equipped with the first locking nut, and sealing sleeve pipe and connecting bracket upper surface pass through the One locking nut is fixed.

Preferably, the stem outer circumference above the needle fixture is equipped with the second locking nut, and valve rod lower end and needle press from both sides Tool upper end is fixed by the second locking nut；C-type or O are cased on valve rod between the first locking nut and the second locking nut Type shock ring.

Preferably, the lower end surface of the needle fixture is pasted with vibration damping sheet, and vibration damping sheet is circular plastic thin slice, and center is set There is circular hole.

Preferably, the mode that the guide sleeve is fixedly connected with connecting bracket is that connecting bracket lower end surface is equipped with connection Circular hole, the top of guide sleeve are located at connected circular hole, and connecting bracket lower end surface side is equipped with threaded hole, is equipped in threaded hole lateral Positioning screw is fixed connecting bracket lower end with guide sleeve by lateral register screw.

Preferably, the printing spout is elongated tubular flat mouth structure.

Preferably, first air inlet and the second air inlet pass through quick-release connector and solenoid valve respectively and gas source connects It connects.

Preferably, the 3D printer fluent material print head is more than two combinations, more than two 3D printings Machine is mounted side by side according to identical height in the X-axis slide block of 3D printer with fluent material print head.

When needle fixture of the present invention drives needle, barrel valve and printing head to move upwardly into the stop position on top, vibration damping sheet Spacing with guide sleeve top is the stroke H0 of needle, between the feed inlet bottom and casing jam nut top of barrel valve Stroke H1 away from as printing head；The adjustable H1 of revoling tube jam nut；When H1 meets 0 < H1 of condition < H0, barrel Valve and printing head can move down H1 to working position under the effect of top spring with the downlink of needle, then seal valve head and open Discharge port, printing head enter working condition；When the needle uplink, sealing valve head closes discharge port, and printing head fracture returns It inhales and moves up H1 together with barrel valve to stop position, printing head stops working.

The fluent material that the present invention applies is required according to printing, and various composition, state, viscosity, reactivity and use may be selected The liquid material on way, including but not limited to reactive polymer prepolymer (liquid silastic/polyurethane/epoxy resin/polypropylene Acid esters/unsaturated polyester (UP)/photosensitive prepolymer etc.), liquid macroimolecule material (polymer solution/lotion/suspension), liquid biological (agar/glucose/gelatin/chitosan/ossein/sodium alginate/hydroxyapatite/soybean protein/biological cell etc. is raw for material Solution, emulsion or the dispersion of object material), the food liquid material (food materials such as flour/chocolate/vegetables/meat/eggs Solution, emulsion or dispersion) and liquid-state building material (solution, emulsion or the dispersion of the construction materials such as cement/ceramics/gypsum Body).

Printing head of the present invention is required according to the fluent material characteristic and printing, and various materials, bore and rule may be selected The printing head of lattice, including but not limited to plastic-steel/all steel/plastic spray head, cylindricality/Conic nozzle, rigid/flex spray head, bayonet/ Screw socket/flat mouth spray head, opaque/transparent spray head, single tube/multitube spray head (pipe number: 1-10), long tube/short tube spray head (length model Enclose: 1-100mm), thin nozzle/thick nozzle spray head (internal diameter: 0.05-50mm), circle nozzle/flat nozzle spray head.

Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the advantage that

1. the cylinder part upper end that the present invention uses manually controls flow without additional addition stroke adjusting device, it is only necessary to logical It crosses the shock ring of replacement different height or adjusts the stroke that the height at the top of guide sleeve suitably to adjust needle fixture and needle, The flow and print speed of liquid material are automatically adjusted by external feeding control system, structure is simply small and exquisite, safely may be used It leans on.

2. the barrel valve and printing head in the barrel portion that the present invention uses can be upper with needle when working start and stop Lower movement realizes automatic telescopic and material on-off simultaneously, simple and compact for structure without adding additional power device, efficiently saves Can, further mitigate the volume and weight of fluent material print head.

3. the present invention can be conveniently adjusted the telescopic height of printing head by can be manually rotated casing jam nut, assign The good scalability of fluent material print head and fracture resorption function are given, effectively avoids printing head quick in nonprinting region To the destruction of model appearance and the interference when bull prints between each spray head when mobile, print quality is improved.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the main view of 3D printer fluent material print head of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the left view of 3D printer fluent material print head of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of barrel valve in Fig. 1；

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of single head component when printing head is in stop position and discharge port is closed；

Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of single head component when printing head is in working position and discharge port is closed；

Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of single head component when printing head is in working position and discharge port is opened；

Fig. 7 is biliquid double end print components made of being combined by two 3D printers of the present invention with fluent material print head Working principle diagram；

Fig. 8 is solid print head is worked and the knot of solid-liquid double end print components when liquid print head is in stop position Structure schematic diagram；

Fig. 9 is liquid print head is worked and the knot of solid-liquid double end print components when solid print head is in stop position Structure schematic diagram.

Specific embodiment

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.It should be understood that specific implementation described herein Mode is used only for explaining the present invention rather than limiting the invention.

This specification structure shown in the drawings, ratio, size etc., only to cooperate the revealed content of specification, with For skilled in the art realises that with reading, being not intended to limit the invention enforceable qualifications, the modification of any structure, The change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size, in the case where not influencing the effect of present invention can be generated and the purpose that can reach, It should fall in the range of disclosed technology contents cover.The use of cited such as "upper", "lower" in specification Language is merely convenient to being illustrated for narration, rather than to limit the scope of the invention, the change of relativeness or tune It is whole, under the content of no substantial changes in technology, when being also considered as the enforceable scope of the present invention.