阅读说明：本技术 一种微型微焦斑x射线管的阴极光学结构 (A kind of cathode optical texture of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube ) 是由 李保权 曹阳 牟欢 闫毅 高翔 范亚楠 于 2019-08-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于微型微焦斑X射线管技术领域,具体涉及一种微型微焦斑X射线管的阴极光学结构,包括：热电子塑形结构(1)、加速电子聚焦结构(2)、热阴极丝(4)、隔离型热阴极丝电极柱(7)和陶瓷垫片(8)；加速电子聚焦结构(2)为中空圆柱体结构,其上部设有第一操场形结构(11),其下部设有第二操场形结构(9),二者正交垂直设置；热电子塑形结构(1)安装在加速电子聚焦结构(2)的顶部上,其上固定有阴极丝电极柱(13),并开有圆孔(14),且其外增设陶瓷垫片(8)；隔离型热阴极丝电极柱(7)依次穿过开设在陶瓷垫片(8)上的圆孔和圆孔(14),并与热阴极丝(4)的一端固定连接,其另一端固定连接在阴极丝电极柱(13)上。(The invention belongs to miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube technical fields, more particularly to a kind of cathode optical texture of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube, comprising: thermoelectron shaping structure (1) accelerates electron focusing structures (2), hot cathode silk (4), isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column (7) and ceramic gasket (8)；Accelerating electron focusing structures (2) is hollow cylinder structure, and upper part is equipped with the first playground shape structure (11), and its underpart is equipped with the second playground shape structure (9), the setting of the two orthogonal vertical；Thermoelectron shaping structure (1) is mounted on the top for accelerating electron focusing structures (2), is fixed with cathode filament electrode column (13) thereon, and be provided with circular hole (14), and adds ceramic gasket (8) outside it；Isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column (7) sequentially passes through the circular hole being provided on ceramic gasket (8) and circular hole (14), and be fixedly connected with one end of hot cathode silk (4), the other end is fixedly connected on cathode filament electrode column (13).)

1. a kind of cathode optical texture of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube, which is characterized in that the cathode optical texture is mounted on X and penetrates On the anode construction (12) of spool, and with the anode construction of X-ray tube (12) sealing welding；

The cathode optical texture include: thermoelectron shaping structure (1), accelerate electron focusing structures (2), hot cathode silk (4), every Release hot cathode silk electrode column (7) and ceramic gasket (8)；

Accelerating electron focusing structures (2) is hollow cylinder structure, and the top of integrated electron focusing structures (1) is equipped with first Playground shape structure (11), its underpart are equipped with the second playground shape structure (9)；First playground shape structure (11) and the second playground shape structure (9) orthogonal thereto to be vertically arranged；

Thermoelectron shaping structure (1) is mounted on the top for accelerating electron focusing structures (2), solid on thermoelectron shaping structure (1) Surely have cathode filament electrode column (13), be provided on thermoelectron shaping structure (1) circular hole (14), and add ceramic blanket outside the circular hole (14) Piece (8)；Isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column (7) sequentially passes through the circular hole being provided on ceramic gasket (8) and thermoelectron moulding knot Circular hole (14) on structure (1), and be fixedly connected with one end of hot cathode silk (4), the other end of hot cathode silk (4) is fixedly connected on On cathode filament electrode column (13).

2. the cathode optical texture of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the thermoelectricity It is provided with electronics in the middle part of sub- shaping structure (1) and inhibits slot (10)；It is dumbbell-shaped structure that electronics, which inhibits slot (10),；Wherein, the electricity It is 0.05-10mm that son, which inhibits the depth of slot (10), and dumbbell middle section groove width is less than 10mm.

3. the cathode optical texture of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the heat Electronics shaping structure (1) use can cut down Steel material and be made.

4. the cathode optical texture of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the heat yin Polar filament (4) is helical structure made of the metal material using launching electronics, and screw diameter is less than 1mm；Or the heat yin Polar filament (4) is linear structure made of the metal material using launching electronics.

5. the cathode optical texture of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube according to claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that the heat One end of cathode filament (4) is fixedly attached on cathode filament electrode column (13) by way of spot welding, and the other end passes through spot welding Mode is fixedly attached on isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column (7).

6. the cathode optical texture of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube according to claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that the heat The lower end surface of cathode filament (4) should inhibit the upper surface of slot (10) close to electronics as far as possible, or concordant.

7. the cathode optical texture of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the isolation Type hot cathode silk electrode column (7) is isolated by ceramic gasket (8) with thermoelectron shaping structure (1), realizes isolated form hot cathode silk Electrode column (7) and thermoelectron shaping structure (1) are insulated.

Technical field

The invention belongs to miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube technical field, in particular to a kind of yin of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube Pole optical texture.

Background technique

Common miniature X ray pipe structure mainly includes electronic cathode and anode target, is additionally needed in electronic cathode and sun Apply high voltage electric field between the target of pole.Electronic cathode launching electronics, bombard anode target under the acceleration of high voltage electric field, cause spoke by a piece of wood serving as a brake to halt a carriage Penetrate generation X-ray.Due to being influenced by volume constraint and technology complexity, common miniature X ray pipe is generally poly- without electrostatic Close-burning structure, so x-ray focal spot size is generally bigger, substantially all more than millimeter, is not able to satisfy also without magnetic focusing structure The application demand of high-resolution non-destructive testing.

In general, miniature X ray pipe in order to reduce focal spot size, all emits size by reducing cathode electronics come real It is existing.It is essentially all to substitute straight line silk using taenidium for the miniature X ray pipe of hot cathode, is waiting in this way In the case where imitating electronic transmitting efficiency, reach and reduce electron emission size, reduces focal spot size to reach to a certain extent Purpose.But taenidium there are difficulty of processing it is big, vibration resistance is weak the defects of, be especially difficult to be subjected to rocket launching or mechanics item Under part rugged environment, the application of its more scene, the application especially in space are limited.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the present invention in order to solve the prior art there are drawbacks described above, the invention proposes it is a kind of it is miniature, Especially suitable for miniature X ray pipe, with the cathode optical texture of well focussed ability.The case where using linear cathode silk Under, in the wide high pressure range of 20kV-50kV, the focal spot size of X-ray tube can be made less than 300 microns, not only increased micro- The vibration resistance of type X-ray tube also extends application of the miniature X ray pipe in terms of high-resolution non-destructive testing.

To achieve the goals above, the invention proposes a kind of cathode optical texture of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube, the yin Pole optical texture is mounted on the anode construction of X-ray tube, and the anode construction sealing welding with X-ray tube；

The cathode optical texture includes: thermoelectron shaping structure, accelerates electron focusing structures, hot cathode silk, isolated form Hot cathode silk electrode column and ceramic gasket；

Acceleration electron focusing structures are hollow cylinder structure, and the section shape of the hollow space of hollow cylinder structure is Arc and rectangular " playground " shape surrounded jointly, and accelerating electron focusing structures is the first playground shape structure and the second playground shape knot The integrally formed integral structure of structure；The top of integrated electron focusing structures is equipped with the first playground shape structure, and its underpart is set There is the second playground shape structure；First playground shape structure and the second playground shape structure is orthogonal thereto is vertically arranged；

Thermoelectron shaping structure is mounted on the top for accelerating electron focusing structures, is fixed with yin on thermoelectron shaping structure Polar filament electrode column is provided with circular hole on thermoelectron shaping structure, and adds ceramic gasket outside the circular hole；Isolated form hot cathode silk electrode Column sequentially passes through the circular hole on the circular hole being provided on ceramic gasket and thermoelectron shaping structure, and solid with one end of hot cathode silk Fixed connection, the other end of hot cathode silk are fixedly connected on cathode filament electrode column.

One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, it is provided with electronics in the middle part of the thermoelectron shaping structure and inhibits slot, electricity It is dumbbell-shaped structure that son, which inhibits slot,；Wherein, it is 0.05-10mm that the electronics, which inhibits the depth of slot, and dumbbell middle section groove width is less than 10mm。

One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the thermoelectron shaping structure use can cut down Steel material and be made.

One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the hot cathode silk is made of the metal material using launching electronics Helical structure, screw diameter are generally less than 1mm；Or the hot cathode silk is made of the metal material using launching electronics Linear structure.

One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, one end of the hot cathode silk is fixedly attached to by way of spot welding On cathode filament electrode column, the other end is fixedly attached on isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column by way of spot welding.

One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the lower end surface of the hot cathode silk should inhibit close to electronics as far as possible The upper surface of slot, or it is concordant.

One of as an improvement of the above technical solution, the isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column passes through ceramic gasket and thermoelectricity Sub- shaping structure isolation realizes that isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column and thermoelectron shaping structure insulate.

The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with the prior art is:

1, cathode optical texture of the invention, using linear cathode silk, in the wide high pressure model of 20kV-50kV In enclosing, x-ray focal spot size can be realized within 300 microns, it is real in the case where meeting miniature X ray pipe resource constraint Existing micro- focal spot.

2, using the X-ray tube of cathode optical texture of the invention, shape and length of the focal spot size to hot cathode silk It is insensitive, taenidium or straight line silk are either used, micron-sized effect is attained by, also simplifies the development of hot cathode silk Difficulty and welding difficulty, while enhancing application of the miniature X ray pipe under severe mechanical environment.

3, cathode optical texture open-ended of the invention, for the cathode optical texture of limit beam hole, thermoelectron Percent of pass is higher；In the case where identical power consumption, the intensity using the X-ray of cathode optical texture generation of the invention is bigger.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the cathode optical texture of the miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube of one kind of the invention；

Fig. 2 be Fig. 1 the invention proposes a kind of thermoelectron mouldings of the cathode optical texture of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube The structural schematic diagram of structure；

Fig. 3 be Fig. 1 the invention proposes a kind of acceleration electronics of the cathode optical texture of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube is poly- The structural schematic diagram of close-burning structure.

Appended drawing reference:

1, thermoelectron shaping structure 2, acceleration electron focusing structures

3, thermionic electron beam 4, hot cathode silk are focused

5, anode target 6, X-ray

7, isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column 8, ceramic gasket

9, the second playground shape structure 10, electronics inhibit slot

11, the anode construction of the first playground shape structure 12, X-ray tube

13, cathode filament electrode column 14, circular hole

Specific embodiment

Now in conjunction with attached drawing, the invention will be further described.

The present invention provide it is a kind of it is miniature, especially suitable for miniature X ray tube cathode optical texture, using linear cathode In the case where silk or spiral cathode silk, the high order focusing to electronics can be realized, and in the wide high pressure model of 20kV-50kV In enclosing, x-ray focal spot size can be made less than 300 microns.This cathode optical texture, not only increases miniature X ray pipe Vibration resistance also provides a kind of technological approaches to develop high-end miniature micro- burnt X-ray, enhances miniature X ray Guan Gao Differentiate the application in terms of non-destructive testing.

As shown in Figure 1, the invention proposes a kind of cathode optical texture of miniature micro- focal spot x-ray tube, the cathode optics Structure is mounted on the anode construction 12 of X-ray tube, and with 12 sealing welding of the anode construction of X-ray tube；

The cathode optical texture includes: thermoelectron shaping structure 1, accelerates electron focusing structures 2, hot cathode silk 4, isolation Type hot cathode silk electrode column 7 and ceramic gasket 8；

As shown in figure 3, accelerating electron focusing structures 2 is hollow cylinder structure, the hollow space of hollow cylinder structure Section shape be arc and rectangular " playground " shape surrounded jointly, and accelerate electron focusing structures be the first playground shape structure and The second molding integral structure of playground shape structural integrity；The top of integrated electron focusing structures is equipped with the first hollow behaviour Field shape structure 11, its underpart is equipped with the second playground shape structure；First playground shape structure and the second playground shape structure are orthogonal thereto vertical Setting；Wherein, the first playground shape structure and the second playground shape structure are " playground " shape.

As shown in Figure 1, thermoelectron shaping structure 1 is mounted on the top for accelerating electron focusing structures 2, thermoelectron shaping structure It is fixed with cathode filament electrode column 13 on 2, circular hole 14 is provided on thermoelectron shaping structure 2, and add ceramic gasket outside the circular hole 14 8；As shown in Figure 1, the circular hole 14 is located at the upside of cathode filament electrode column 13；The cathode filament electrode column 13 is perpendicular to thermoelectron moulding Structure 1；As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column 7 sequentially passes through the circular hole and thermoelectricity being provided on ceramic gasket 8 The circular hole 14 on sub- shaping structure 1, and be fixedly connected with one end of hot cathode silk 4, the other end of hot cathode silk 4 is fixedly connected On cathode filament electrode column 13.

Wherein, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, cathode filament electrode column 13 and isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column 7 are moulded relative to thermoelectron The central symmetry of shape structure is placed；The shorter part of cathode filament electrode column 13 is located in thermoelectron shaping structure 1, longer portion position In outside thermoelectron shaping structure 1.The shorter part of isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column 7 passes through the circle being provided on ceramic gasket 8 Hole and the circular hole 14, and be located in thermoelectron shaping structure 1, longer portion is located at outside thermoelectron shaping structure 1.

The thermoelectron shaping structure 1 is made of that can cut down Steel material；The thermoelectron shaping structure 1 reduces thermoelectron Space diffusance, to reduce thermionic space envelope face；In addition, thermoelectron shaping structure 1 is the installation of hot cathode silk 4 Structural support is provided.

As shown in Fig. 2, the middle part of the thermoelectron shaping structure 1, which is provided with electronics, inhibits slot 10, the electronics inhibits slot 10 For dumbbell-shaped structure, it is 0.05-10mm that the electronics, which inhibits the depth of slot 10, and dumbbell middle section groove width is less than 10mm.

The hot cathode silk 4 is helical structure made of the metal material using launching electronics, and screw diameter is generally small In 1mm；Or the hot cathode silk 4 is linear structure made of the metal material using launching electronics.

In general, miniature X ray pipe in order to reduce focal spot size, all emits size by reducing cathode electronics come real It is existing.It is essentially all to substitute straight line silk using taenidium for the miniature X ray pipe of hot cathode, is waiting in this way In the case where imitating electronic transmitting efficiency, reaches and reduce electron emission size purpose.But there are difficulty of processing for taenidium greatly, antivibration energy The defects of power is weak is especially difficult to be subjected under delivery transmitting or mechanical condition rugged environment, limits it in space Using.Cathode optical texture of the invention can equally achieve the effect that micro- focal spot using straight line silk, be miniature micro- Focal spot x-ray tube is applied under space application or mechanical condition rugged environment and is laid a good foundation, and simplifies cathode filament Develop difficulty and welding difficulty.

As shown in Figure 1, one end of the hot cathode silk 4 is fixedly attached to positioned at thermoelectron moulding knot by way of spot welding On cathode filament electrode column 13 in structure 1, the other end of hot cathode silk 4 is fixedly attached to isolated form hot cathode by way of spot welding On silk electrode column 7.

Cathode filament electrode column 13 is integrated with thermoelectron shaping structure 1, it is therefore an objective to convenient to power to hot cathode silk.In thermoelectricity In the case that the thickness of sub- shaping structure 1 allows, electronics inhibits the groove depth of slot 10 as big as possible.

The isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column 7 is isolated by ceramic gasket 8 with thermoelectron shaping structure 1, realizes isolation Type hot cathode silk electrode column 7 and thermoelectron shaping structure 1 insulate.Isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column 7 is directly and positioned at thermoelectron Fixed cathode filament electrode column 13 is connected on shaping structure 1.In other specific embodiments, isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column 7 It is isolated by insulating materials, realizes that isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column 7 and thermoelectron shaping structure 1 insulate.

The acceleration electron focusing structures 2, for focusing the unabsorbed thermoelectron of thermoelectron shaping structure 1；

The section shape of the hollow space of the first playground shape structure 11 is arc and rectangular " playground " surrounded jointly Shape, the section shape of the hollow space of the second playground shape structure 9 are arc and rectangular " playground " shape surrounded jointly, and the One playground shape structure 11 and the setting of 9 orthogonal vertical of the second playground shape structure；The long side and Re Yin of the first playground shape structure 11 The trend of polar filament 4 is consistent；

Thermoelectron shaping structure 1 and acceleration electron focusing structures 2 are in same current potential, all connect with the negative high voltage of X-ray tube It connects.Operating voltage is provided by cathode filament electrode column 13 and isolated form hot cathode silk electrode column 7, hot cathode silk 4 is heated, heat yin Polar filament 4 is heated to be generated thermoelectron and launches outward, and thermoelectron shaping structure 1 absorbs the thermoelectron deflected without electric field, accelerates electricity Sub- focusing structure 2 focuses the thermoelectron absorbed without thermoelectron shaping structure, is formed and focuses thermionic electron beam 3；The focusing electronics Beam 3 flies to anode target 5 under the electrostatic focusing effect of cathode optical texture, focuses thermionic electron beam 3 and anode target 5 causes spoke by a piece of wood serving as a brake to halt a carriage The effect of penetrating generates X-ray.The X-ray tube is grounded using anode target 5, and the mode that cathode connects negative high voltage works.

The optical structure of cathode provided by the invention, and there is well focussed ability, especially suitable for miniature X ray pipe. Using the miniature X ray pipe of this cathode optical texture, focal spot size is insensitive to the shape and length of hot cathode silk, either Using taenidium or straight line silk, it is attained by the effect of micro- focal spot, is miniature X ray pipe in space application or mechanical condition It applies and provides the foundation under rugged environment, while also simplifying the development difficulty and welding difficulty of cathode filament.In addition, of the invention Cathode optical texture open-ended, relative to limit beam hole cathode optical texture for, thermoelectron percent of pass is higher；Identical function In the case where consumption, the intensity using the X-ray of cathode optical texture generation of the invention is bigger.

It should be noted last that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting.Although ginseng It is described the invention in detail according to embodiment, those skilled in the art should understand that, to technical side of the invention Case is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered in the present invention Scope of the claims in.