阅读说明：本技术 窗户集成的透明光伏模块 (The integrated transparent photovoltaic module of window ) 是由 迈尔斯·巴尔 伊恩·米勒德 雷切尔·莫拉罗 里沙·潘迪 维拉尔·哈德夫 戴蒙·赫斯 于 2018-01-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种发电窗户,包括第一玻璃板、第二玻璃板和形成在第一玻璃板的内表面或第二玻璃板的内表面上的光伏器件。光伏器件包括第一透明电极层、第二透明电极层,以及一个或多个活性层,该一个或多个活性层被构造为传输可见光并吸收紫外或近红外光。在一些实施例中,发电窗户还包括间隔件,该间隔件构造为将第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板通过腔体隔开。在一些实施例中,发电窗户还包括一个或多个功能层,例如用于反射红外光的电致变色层或低辐射率层。(A kind of power generation window, including the first glass plate, the second glass plate and the photovoltaic device being formed on the inner surface of the first glass plate or the inner surface of the second glass plate.Photovoltaic device includes first transparency electrode layer, second transparency electrode layer, and one or more active layers, which is configured to transmission visible light and absorbs ultraviolet or near infrared light.In some embodiments, power generation window further includes spacer, which is configured to separate the first glass plate and the second glass plate by cavity.In some embodiments, power generation window further includes one or more functions layer, such as electrochromic layer or low-E layer for reflecting infrared light.)

1. a kind of power generation window, comprising:

First glass plate, including inner surface；

Second glass plate, including inner surface；And

Photovoltaic device is formed on the inner surface of first glass plate or the inner surface of second glass plate, the photovoltaic Device includes:

First transparency electrode layer；

Second transparency electrode layer；And

One or more active layers are configured to absorb ultraviolet light or near infrared light, and transmit visible light.

2. power generation window according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:

First busbar is contacted with the first transparency electrode layer；

Second busbar is contacted with the second transparency electrode layer；And

Spacer separates first glass plate and second glass plate by cavity；

Wherein, the spacer is formed in week of the photovoltaic device out-of-bounds, but in first glass plate or described second Closed loop in the circumference of glass plate；And

Wherein, first busbar and second busbar are in the circumference formed by the spacer or at the interval Below part, each of first busbar and second busbar extend along the edge of the photovoltaic device.

3. power generation window according to claim 2, which is characterized in that further include on the photovoltaic device and by between described The encapsulated layer in circumference that spacing body is formed.

4. power generation window according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the encapsulated layer includes one or more thin-film packages Layer.

5. power generation window according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the encapsulated layer includes for reflecting the low of infrared light Radiance layer.

6. power generation window according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the encapsulated layer includes that glass plate or lamination stop Layer.

7. power generation window according to claim 2, which is characterized in that further include two conducting wires, each wire is electrically connected to First busbar or second busbar and by the gas-tight seal in the spacer pass through the spacer.

8. power generation window according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the photovoltaic device is configured to both as photovoltaic device Again as the low-E layer for reflecting infrared light.

9. power generation window according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:

Low-E layer is configured to reflection infrared light,

Wherein the low-E layer is located on the photovoltaic device or different from the glass plate of the photovoltaic device.

10. power generation window according to claim 9, which is characterized in that further include positioned at the photovoltaic device and described low Encapsulated layer between radiance layer.

11. power generation window according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:

The photovoltaic device is laminated between first glass plate and second glass plate.

12. power generation window according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include the function for being electrically coupled to the photovoltaic device It can device.

13. power generation window according to claim 12, which is characterized in that the function element includes electrochromic device.

14. a kind of method for manufacturing power generation window, which comprises

Photovoltaic device is formed on the upper surface of the first glass plate, the photovoltaic device includes:

First transparency electrode layer；

One or more active layers are configured to absorb ultraviolet light or near infrared light, and transmit visible light；And

Second transparency electrode layer；And

Second glass plate is attached on the top of the photovoltaic device, wherein second glass plate and the photovoltaic device every Open a distance.

15. according to the method for claim 14, which is characterized in that further include:

The first busbar is formed, first busbar is contacted with the first transparency electrode layer；

The second busbar is formed, second busbar is contacted with second transparency electrode layer；And

The depositing encapsulation layer on photovoltaic device.

16. according to the method for claim 15, it is characterised in that:

Second glass plate is attached at the top of the photovoltaic device and includes:

Spacer is attached on the encapsulated layer；And

Second glass plate is attached on the spacer；

The spacer is formed in the week of the photovoltaic device out-of-bounds, but in first glass plate or second glass plate Circumference in closed loop；And

First busbar and second busbar are in the circumference formed by the spacer or under the spacer Side, each of first busbar and second busbar extend along the edge of the photovoltaic device.

17. according to the method for claim 15, which is characterized in that depositing the encapsulated layer on the photovoltaic device includes Deposit one or more film layers.

18. according to the method for claim 14, which is characterized in that further include:

Before on the top that second glass plate is attached to the photovoltaic device, in the bottom surface of second glass plate The low-E layer for reflecting infrared ray is formed above the upper or described photovoltaic device.

19. according to the method for claim 14, which is characterized in that further include:

Electroluminescence layer is formed on second glass plate or above the photovoltaic device；And

The electroluminescence layer is electrically coupled on the photovoltaic device.

20. a kind of electrochromic window, comprising:

First glass plate, including inner surface；

Photovoltaic device, is formed on the inner surface of first glass plate, and the photovoltaic device includes:

First transparency electrode layer；

Second transparency electrode layer；And

One or more active layers are configured to absorb ultraviolet light or near infrared light, and transmit visible light；Barrier layer；Second glass Glass plate；And

Electrochromic layer, between the barrier layer and second glass plate, the electroluminescence layer is electrically coupled to described One transparent electrode layer and the second transparency electrode layer.

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to photovoltaic module and devices field, the transparent photovoltaic mould integrated more specifically to window Block.

Background technique

Building integrated photovoltaic (Photovoltaic, PV) technology has been applied to the solar energy being emitted onto building conversion At can under construction using or storage or electric energy that power grid can be fed back to.However, due to for example and by traditional PV Battery is mounted on relevant cost, opacity and aesthetic problem on the position of such as construction window etc, these technologies are not yet It is widely used.

Summary of the invention

Presently disclosed technology is related to photovoltaic module, such as the photovoltaic module that window is integrated.The integrated photovoltaic module of window It may include visible transparent PV layer, which can will be seen that the light outside light belt is converted into electric energy.For example, one Or multiple visible transparent PV layers are desirably integrated into hollow glass unit (Insulated Glazing Units, IGU), it should Hollow glass unit may include that two or more window glass plates (also referred to as panel or piece) separated by gap are transmitted with reducing heat. It can be seen that infrared (Infrared, IR) and/or ultraviolet (Ultraviolet, UV) light can be converted into electric energy by transparent PV layer, because This can produce electric energy, while be further reduced building heating by IR light, while for example, allowing visible to illuminate purpose Light passes through.In some embodiments, other function layer is also desirably integrated into PV layers or IGU, to add additional function to IGU And/or further improve the overall performance of IGU.

According to some embodiments, power generation window may include the first glass plate, the second glass plate and be formed in the first glass plate Inner surface or the second glass plate inner surface on photovoltaic device.Photovoltaic device may include first transparency electrode layer, and second Transparent electrode layer, and one or more active layers are configured to transmission visible light and absorb ultraviolet or near infrared light to incite somebody to action Ultraviolet or near infrared light is converted into electricity.In some embodiments, photovoltaic device, which may be constructed such that, is not only used as photovoltaic device but also uses Act on low-E (Low Emissivity, low-E) layer of reflection infrared light.In some embodiments, photovoltaic device It can be laminated between the first glass plate and the second glass plate.In some embodiments, power generation window can also include being electrically coupled to The function element of photovoltaic device.In some embodiments, function element may include electrochromic device.

In some embodiments, power generation window may also include the first busbar contacted with first transparency electrode layer, with Second busbar of two transparent electrode layers contact, and the interval for being separated the first glass plate and the second glass plate by cavity Part.Spacer can be formed in the week of photovoltaic device out-of-bounds, but closing in the circumference of the first glass plate or the second glass plate Ring.First busbar and the second busbar can be in the circumferences formed by spacer or below spacer, the first busbar Extend with each of the second busbar along the edge of photovoltaic device.In some embodiments, power generation window can also wrap Include on photovoltaic device and the circumference that is formed by spacer in encapsulated layer.In some embodiments, encapsulated layer may include one A or multiple thin-film encapsulation layers.In some embodiments, encapsulated layer may include the low-E layer for reflecting infrared light.In In some embodiments, encapsulated layer may include glass plate or lamination barrier layer.In some embodiments, power generation window can be with Including two conducting wires, each wire is electrically connected to the first busbar or the second busbar and by gas-tight seal in spacer Part passes through spacer.

According to some embodiments, electrochromic window may include the first glass plate, the inner surface for being formed in the first glass plate On photovoltaic device, barrier layer, the second glass plate and electrochromic layer.Photovoltaic device may include first transparency electrode layer, Two transparent electrode layers, and one or more active layers, the one or more active layer are configured to absorb ultraviolet or near-infrared Light, and transmit visible light.Electrochromic layer can be between barrier layer and the second glass plate, and may be electrically coupled to One transparent electrode layer and second transparency electrode layer.

According to some embodiments, a kind of method for manufacturing power generation window may include in the upper surface of the first glass plate Upper formation photovoltaic device, and the second glass plate is attached on the top of photovoltaic device, wherein the second glass plate and photovoltaic device Part is from a distance.Photovoltaic device may include first transparency electrode layer, second transparency electrode layer, one or more active layer, The active layer is configured to absorb ultraviolet or near infrared light, and transmits visible light and second transparency electrode layer.

In some embodiments, the method for manufacture power generation window may also include to be formed and be contacted with first transparency electrode layer first Busbar forms the second busbar contacted with second transparency electrode layer, and the depositing encapsulation layer on photovoltaic device.Some In embodiment, the second glass plate is attached at may include on the top of photovoltaic device spacer is attached on encapsulated layer, and Second glass plate is attached on spacer.Spacer can be formed in the week of photovoltaic device out-of-bounds, but in the first glass plate Or second glass plate circumference in closed loop.First busbar and the second busbar can in the circumference formed by spacer or Below spacer, each of the first busbar and the second busbar extend along the edge of photovoltaic device.In some realities It applies in example, depositing encapsulation layer may include depositing one or more film layers on photovoltaic device.In some embodiments, this method Can further comprise on the top that the second glass plate is attached to photovoltaic device before, on the bottom surface of the second glass plate or The low-E layer for reflecting infrared ray is formed above photovoltaic device.In some embodiments, this method can be wrapped further It includes and forms electrochromic layer on the second glass plate or above photovoltaic device, and electrochromic layer is electrically coupled to photovoltaic device Part.

Many benefits relative to traditional technology are realized through the invention.For example, the embodiment of the present invention can be used for heat Isolation and solar energy collecting, without influencing irradiation of the visible light to building interior.By the IR light (main heating source) that will enter IGU It is converted into electric energy, the PV layers of whole hot property that can contribute to improve IGU, such as thermal emissivity rate and solar heat gain coefficient, from And what reduction was built heats and/or cools cost.Because PV layers be substantially to visible light it is transparent, come from light source (example Such as, the sun) visible light can enter building by IGU, without loss for illumination purposes.In various embodiments, PV layers can also be integrated into IGU according to different configuration and other function layer (for example, electrochromic layer), and can be these Functional layer provides electric energy.Therefore, the aesthetic feeling of existing window and/or glass curtain wall can be kept or improve, so that the use of building More freely.In conjunction with these and other embodiments and its many advantages and spy of the invention are hereafter described in further detail with attached drawing Sign.

Detailed description of the invention

Figure 1A is the top view of example hollow glass unit (Insulated Glazing Unit, IGU)；

Figure 1B is the cross-sectional view of example IGU；

Fig. 2, in which: Fig. 2A shows example transparent photovoltaic (Photovoltaic, PV) module according to specific embodiment； Fig. 2 B is shown to be integrated into IGU according to the transparent PV module of specific embodiment；Fig. 2 C is shown according to the saturating of specific embodiment Bright PV module is integrated into the window of building；

Fig. 3 A shows the photopic vision reaction of the whole world AM1.5 solar spectrum and human eye；

Fig. 3 B is shown according to the transparent exciton solar battery (Excitonic Solar Cell) of specific embodiment Unijunction energy conversion efficiency with cell band gaps variation；

Fig. 3 C is shown according to the energy conversion efficiency of the solar battery of specific embodiment with saturating in solar battery The variation of the quantity of bright knot；

Fig. 3 D shows CIE color space chromacity diagram；

Fig. 4 A-4D shows the various constructions of the PV layer in double plate IGU according to specific embodiment；

Fig. 5 A-5D shows the various constructions of the PV layer in more plate IGU according to specific embodiment；

Fig. 6 A-6D shows the various constructions with PV layers and the IGU of encapsulated layer according to specific embodiment；

Fig. 7 A-7C is shown according to specific embodiment for encapsulating PV layers of various methods；

Fig. 8 A-8D is shown according to specific embodiment before or after assembling IGU, for encapsulating PV layers of various sides Method；

Fig. 9 A-9F shows the example including PV layers, encapsulated layer, IGU spacer and the contact PV according to specific embodiment IGU；

Figure 10 A-10G show according to specific embodiment include PV layers, encapsulated layer, IGU spacer and the contact PV show Example IGU；

Figure 11 A-11F show according to specific embodiment include PV layers, encapsulated layer, IGU spacer and the contact PV show Example IGU；

Figure 12 A-12F show according to specific embodiment include PV layers, encapsulated layer, IGU spacer and the contact PV show Example IGU；

Figure 13 A shows the example IGU with integrated electrochromic module according to specific embodiment；

Figure 13 B shows the example IGU with integrated sensor according to specific embodiment；

Figure 13 C shows the example IGU with integrated internal shutter according to specific embodiment；

Figure 13 D shows the example IGU with integrated rechargeable battery according to specific embodiment；

Figure 14 A is the top view according to the example IGU with the electric wire across spacer of specific embodiment；

Figure 14 B is the cross-sectional view according to the example IGU with the electric wire across spacer of specific embodiment；

Figure 15 A-15D is shown according to specific embodiment for electric energy to be passed out the various of IGU by IGU spacer Method；

Figure Figure 16 A-16B shows the example with the contact PV outside IGU spacer according to specific embodiment IGU；

Figure 17 A-17B shows the example IGU having in the contact PV on the external surface of IGU according to specific embodiment；

Figure 18 A-18F shows the various constructions of the contact PV on example IGU according to specific embodiment；

Figure 19 A-19B show according to specific embodiment further include in addition to PV layers other function layer example IGU；

Figure 20 A-20D show according to specific embodiment further include in addition to PV layers other function layer example IGU Various constructions；

It includes showing for functional layer and PV layers on the same IGU glass plate that Figure 21 A-21B, which is shown according to specific embodiment, Example IGU；

It includes showing for functional layer and PV layers on the different IGU glass plates that Figure 22 A-22C, which is shown according to specific embodiment, Example IGU；

Figure 23 A shows the example IGU including multiple functional layers according to specific embodiment；

It includes multiple PV layers of example IGU that Figure 23 B, which is shown according to specific embodiment,；

It includes low-E (Low-Emissivity, low-E) layer that Figure 24 A-24B, which is shown according to specific embodiment, Example IGU；

Figure 25 is the exploded view according to the example IGU of specific embodiment；

Figure 26 is the exploded view according to the example IGU including electrochromic layer of specific embodiment；

Figure 27 is the exploded view according to the example IGU including electrochromic layer of specific embodiment；

Figure 28 is the exploded view according to the example IGU of specific embodiment；

Figure 29 shows the construction of the example IGU according to specific embodiment；

Figure 30 A-30D shows the various parts of the example IGU being shown in Figure 29 according to specific embodiment；

Figure 31 A-31D shows the example IGU assembled completely being shown in Figure 29 according to specific embodiment；

Figure 32 A shows the transmitted spectrum of two kinds of example PV materials according to specific embodiment；

Figure 32 B shows the front-reflection spectrum of two kinds of example PV materials according to specific embodiment；

Figure 33 A shows example IGU；

Figure 33 B shows the example IGU including low-E layers；And

It includes PV layers of example IGU that Figure 33 C, which is shown according to specific embodiment,.

Specific embodiment

Described herein is improved window, including transparent photovoltaic (Photovoltaic, PV) module.One or more can See transparent PV layer be desirably integrated into for build or the window of other structures (such as vehicle) in hollow glass unit In (Insulated Glazing Unit, IGU).The PV layer being integrated into IGU can be used for by will be seen that the light (example outside light belt Such as, infrared (Infrared, IR) or ultraviolet (Ultraviolet, UV)) it is converted into electric power to produce for building or other infields Raw electric power.By the way that the IR light for entering IGU is converted into electric power, the PV layers of whole hot property that can contribute to improve IGU, for example (,) it is hot Radiance and solar heat gain coefficient, so that reduces building heats and/or cools cost.Because PV layers to visible light substantially It is transparent, so the visible light from light source (for example, sun) can enter building by IGU, and for illumination building Inside is almost without loss.In various embodiments, IGU can also be integrated into according to different configuration and other function layer for PV layers In, and electric energy can be provided for these functional layers.In some embodiments, it also can be structured as Multifunctional layered for PV layers.It is integrated There are the various embodiments of transparent PV layers of IGU to be described in detail below.

As used in this, term is transparent means that visible light is at least partly transmissive.If light beam can be with relatively high Efficiency of transmission passes through material, is greater than 20%, 30%, 50%, 60%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 95% or higher, then material Light beam can be transparent, wherein the other parts of light beam can be by material scattering, reflection or absorption.Efficiency of transmission (transmits Rate) it can be weighted by the optics in wave-length coverage or unweighted mean efficiency of transmission or wave-length coverage (such as visible wavelength model Enclose) on minimum efficiency of transmission indicate.

Hollow glass unit generally includes two separated by vacuum or gas-filled gap (also referred to as space or cavity) or more Multiple glass window plates (also referred to as panel or piece), to reduce the heat transmitting across construction window.IGU can also be used for sound insulation.It is right In certain special applications, glass of the thickness in for example, about 1mm to 10mm or bigger range is can be used in hollow glass unit Manufacture.The distance between one or more spacers can be used to separate glass window plate, and set glass window plate.Such as exist Used in this, the interior surface of IGU, it is interior in the interior surface of surface or the glass plate of inner surface or IGU, it is interior on surface or interior Surface may refer to glass-board surface to or neighbouring vacuum or gas-filled gap or space surface.The outer surface of IGU, external surface Outer surface, external surface or the outer surface of the glass plate of outer surface or IGU may refer to glass-board surface to or it is neighbouring external The surface of the inside of environment or building or other buildings.

Figure 1A is the top view of example hollow glass unit (Insulated Glazing Unit, IGU)；Figure 1B is example The cross-sectional view of IGU 100.IGU 100 is double glazed unit, including two IGU glass plates 110, spacer 120 and edge are close Sealing 130.According to application, IGU glass plate 110 can have any suitable thickness.Spacer 120 can separate IGU glass plate 110 and with IGU glass plate 110 limit gap (also referred to as space or cavity).Space 120 is alternatively referred to as spacer sealing.In In some embodiments, spacer 120 may include desiccant to remove moisture from the gap between IGU glass plate 110.Gap or sky Between can be vacuum or can be with filling gas, and can help to reduce and be transmitted in building or from the heat that passes out of building. The gap or space in different types of gas filling IGU can be used.Some examples of the gas may include argon gas or other are lazy Property gas.As used in this, term " the air gap " and " gap " can refer to including any gas or without gas (vacuum) Cavity.Edge seal 130 can help to avoid the gap that moisture enters in IGU 100.Spacer 120 and edge seal glue 130 can be collectively referred to as spacer sealing.In some embodiments, the film of a variety of materials can also be deposited on IGU glass plate 110, To realize different purposes, such as in order to reduce the UV light blocking of building heating or IR reflection.

One or more PV layers also can be integrated into IGU, such as be deposited on IGU glass plate.Previously manufacture photovoltaic can be received The effort of collection window is usually focused on optically thin active layer or in the visible spectrum with the inorganic PV of space segment of light absorption.This A little methods are by energy conversion efficiency (Power Conversion Efficiency, PCE) and transmission of visible light (Visible Transmittance, VT) between intrinsic compromise because the two parameters are likely difficult to optimize simultaneously.Due in visible spectrum Light uneven absorption, using further being hindered, this may cause poor colour rendering index for the structures of Typical PV cells (Color Rendering Index, CRI) (for example, high tone colours) and poor natural illumination quality.

According to some embodiments, it is seen that transparent PV layer can be used in IGU, be built for collecting solar energy and controlling to enter Both solar heat transmitting built.Furthermore, it is seen that PV layers transparent of UV/NIR- selectivity can be to avoid the beauty for interfering building to use Learn tradeoff (low VT or CRI).In some embodiments, other forms also be can be configured to for transparent PV layers, including it is translucent, have It is color or colorful.In some embodiments, transparent PV layers may include shine solar concentrator, the inorganic, silicon of segmentation, GaAs, CIGS, CdTe, quantum dot, organic or other materials.The more details of PV layers of material and structure can be for example entitled It is found in No. 9728735 United States Patent (USP) of " Transparent Photovoltaic Cells ", entire contents are by drawing With being incorporated herein.

Fig. 2A is shown according to example transparent photovoltaic (Photovoltaic, PV) module 210 of specific embodiment (also referred to as PV layers).PV module 210 may include one or more active layers, and one or more transparent electrode layers.In some embodiments In, PV module 210 may include substrate.In some embodiments, PV module 210 also may include one or more reflecting layer.It is living Property layer may include semiconductor material, which can absorb the photon in IR or UV, and generate electric current.Electrode layer may include Transparent conductive electrode (Transparent Conducting Electrodes, TCE), can pass through conductive oxide material (such as tin indium oxide (Indium Tin Oxide, ITO), aluminum zinc oxide (Aluminum Zinc Oxide, AZO), antimony oxide Tin (Antimony Tin Oxide, ATO), fluorine tin oxide (Fluorine Tin Oxide, FTO) and indium zinc oxide (indium Zinc Oxide, IZO) etc. oxide materials) such as physical vapour deposition (PVD) (Physical Vapor Deposition, PVD) (for example, thermal evaporation, electro beam physics vapour deposition (Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition, EBPV), sputtering sedimentation etc.) it manufactures.Transparent electrode can also be made of different metal Nano structures, such as silver nanoparticle conducting wire And nano-cluster, various solution deposition techniques (for example, spin coating, blade coating or spraying) deposition can be used.Transparent electrode can also be by Graphene or carbon nanotube layer are made.Metal can also be structured or be patterned to form perforated grill or network structure to make At transparent electrode.For example, in some embodiments, transparent electrode may include thin metal layer, such as aluminium, silver or gold (for example, 4nm- 12nm), with organic (for example, small molecule) or inorganic dielectric layer (for example, metal oxide) (example in very wide thickness range Such as, 1nm-300nm) coupling, to improve optical transmission.The reflecting layer may include the reflectance coating for IR light, such as low spoke Rate (low-E) coating is penetrated, thermal emissivity rate can be reduced to for example down to 4% or lower.

Fig. 2 B is shown to be integrated into IGU 220 according to the transparent PV module 210 of specific embodiment.PV module 210 can be attached It is connected to each position on the IGU glass plate of IGU220, such as forms the interior of the internal clearance of IGU or the IGU glass plate in space Portion surface.The IR or UV for entering IGU 220 can be converted to electric power by PV module 210.In some embodiments, other function layer, Such as electrochromic material layer, it is also desirably integrated into IGU 220.

Fig. 2 C shows the IGU 220 with transparent PV module 210 and is integrated into the window of building 230.It is integrated into installation PV module 210 in the IGU on the window of building 230 can be by will be seen that the sunlight other than light belt (for example, infrared (Infrared, IR) or ultraviolet (Ultraviolet, UV)) electric energy is converted into generate the electric power for building 230.Passing through will IR light into IGU is converted into electric power, and PV module 210 can contribute to improve the hot property of IGU, such as thermal emissivity rate and the sun Thermal enhancement coefficient, so that reduces building heats and/or cools cost.Because PV module be substantially to visible light it is transparent, So the visible light from the sun or other light sources can enter building by IGU, and almost do not have for the inside of illumination building There is loss.In addition, the other function layer being integrated into IGU, such as electrochromic layer, the electric power that can be generated by PV module 210 Power supply, for example to change the color of window and building.

In some embodiments, transparent PV module (or layer) may include one or more transparent PV material membranes (or coating), The transparent PV material membrane (or coating) may include inhaling with the structuring in near-infrared (Near-Infrared, NIR) and/or UV It receives the hetero-junctions of the excitonic molecule semiconductor at peak and allows while optimizing solar energy conversion efficiency (Power Conversion Efficiency, PCE), transmission of visible light (Visible Transmittance, VT) and colour rendering index (Color Rendering Index, CRI).Wavelength selective reflective device also can be incorporated into transparent PV module, to maximize in PV film Infrared light electric current, while the transmitting for inhibiting unwanted infrared solar heat to pass through window.It is generated by UV and/or NIR light Charge can separate at heterojunction boundary and be collected by transparent electrode, transparent electrode can be interconnected to outer by window assembly In portion's electronics and/or electric energy storage device (for example, rechargeable battery).Then, generated electricity can be used for for local DC net Network (such as illumination) power supply is reversed to AC electric energy to supplement building power grid.Transparent PV module can keep or improve existing window The aesthetic feeling of family and/or glass curtain wall provides bigger freedom degree to use for building.

Fig. 3 A shows the photopic vision reaction of global (AM 1.5G) solar spectrum of AM 1.5 and human eye.As shown in Figure 3A, human eye Can be to photaesthesia of the wavelength within the scope of about 380nm to about 700nm, and can have peak response to green light and blue light (for example, there is the peak value at about 555nm green light).On the other hand, sunlight is more much broader than visible-range at one In range, there can be relatively strong photon flux.For example, near infrared range (for example, being higher than 700nm to about 1800 or higher) Within the scope of UV, the photon flux of sunlight is also quite high.In general, about 1/3 total photon flux is in visible light in sunlight In range, and remaining 2/3 total photon flux is in UV and infra-red range.NIR light may be helpless to the inside of building Illumination, but if may then heat the inside of building by window transmission.

Fig. 3 B is shown according to the unijunction energy conversion efficiency of the transparent exciton solar battery of specific embodiment with battery The variation of band gap.As shown in Figure 3B, transparent exciton solar battery theoretically and is actually both less than photon energy The light of about 2.0eV (such as NIR light) or greater than about 2.8eV (such as UV light) can have high energy conversion efficiency.Therefore, transparent The exciton solar battery property of can choose by incident ultraviolet (Ultviolet, UV) and/or near-infrared (Near- Infrared, NIR) light is converted into electricity, to stop unwanted solar heat while selectively transmiting visible light Transmitting.

Fig. 3 C is shown according to the energy conversion efficiency of the solar battery 300 of specific embodiment in solar battery The variation of the quantity of transparent knot.In some embodiments, solar battery 300 may include optional substrate or supporting layer, two Transparent electrode, multiple knots and optional visible transparent NIR reflector.Transparent electrode and NIR reflector can be similar to close above In the transparent electrode and NIR reflector of Fig. 2A description.By multiple transparent knots in PV module, 20% can be actually achieved over PV energy conversion efficiency.

Fig. 3 D shows CIE color space chromacity diagram.Triangle highlights NTSC standard.Horizontal stripe show be incident on it is transparent too (94) colour rendering index (Color Rendering Index, CRI) is to the coloration of AM 1.5G on positive energy battery.

Generally speaking, solar battery 300 can build electric power for example, by generating the DC of about 10-40% in electricity consumption point, The needs to DC-AC-DC electric energy electronic device are eliminated, while by inhibiting infrared solar heat, by building cooling requirement drop Low about 10-30%, using the material of existing building building enclosure, installation, frame, Customer Acquisition and maintenance, by effective PV efficiency 5% or more (absolute value) is improved, and non-module cost is reduced by 50% or more, to realize about 0.05 $/kWhr-0.1 $/kWhr Levelized PV can cost (Levelized PV Energy Cost, LEC).

The various embodiments of transparent PV module (or layer) and IGU are described in detail as follows.For illustrative purposes, elaborate have Body details is in order to provide the thorough understanding to specific inventive embodiments.It will be apparent, however, that can there is no these specific Various embodiments are practiced in the case where details.Attached drawing and description are not limiting." example " word used herein means " being used as example, example or explanation ".Any embodiment or design here depicted as " example " are not necessarily to be construed as than other Embodiment or design are more preferably or more advantage.In some drawings, for simplicity, show IGU without spacer, Encapsulation or seal member.Most of IGU are shown as double glazed unit in figure, but technical staff is it will be readily understood that herein Disclosed technology can be applied to the glass unit of glass plate or piece with three layers, four layers or even higher quantity.

Fig. 4 A-4D shows the various constructions of the PV layer 430 in double plate IGU according to specific embodiment.Double plate IGU can be wrapped The first glass plate 410 and the second glass plate 420 are included, forms gap 440 between the first glass plate 410 and the second glass plate 420.The One glass plate 410 can be the glass plate closer to external environment, and the second glass plate 420 can build it being mounted on Afterwards closer to the inside of building.Sunlight can initially enter IGU by the first glass plate 410.PV layer 430 may include one or more A active layer and two transparent electrode layers.In some embodiments, PV layer 430 may also comprise one or more reflecting layer, Such as the reflecting layer NIR.As shown in figs. 4 a-4d, PV layer 430 can be deposited on any surface of any IGU glass plate 410 or 420 On, and can be incorporated into the IGU lamination in the outer surface of IGUD or the interior surface of IGU (for example, forming gap 440 Surface).For example, in Figure 4 A, PV layer 430 can be deposited on the first surface of the glassy layer 410 towards gap 440.Fig. 4 B In, PV layer 430 can be deposited on the second surface of the glassy layer 420 towards gap 440.In Fig. 4 C, PV layer 430 can be deposited on On the surface of first glassy layer, 410 facing external environment.In Fig. 4 D, PV layer 430 can be deposited on the second glassy layer 420 towards building On the surface for the inside built.

In some embodiments, it can also be placed on more than two glass plate (for example, triplex glass unit) for PV layers IGU in any position.For example, PV layers of any position that can be placed in front glass panel or rear glass plate and any Either side for triplex glass unit inner glass piece.PV layers can also be placed on the compound glass list with n glass plate The either side of any glass plate of member.

Fig. 5 A-5D shows the various constructions of the PV layer 540 in more plate IGU according to specific embodiment.More plate IGU can be wrapped Glass plate 510,520 and 530 is included, glass plate 510,520 and 530 can form multiple gaps 550.Glass plate 520 can be inside Glass plate.In Fig. 5 A, PV layer 540 can be placed on any surface of glass plate 510 or on any surface of glass plate 530. In Fig. 5 B, PV layer 540 can be with internally placed glass plate 520 on the surface of external environment.In Fig. 5 C, PV layer 540 can be with On the surface of inside of the internally placed glass plate 520 close to building.Fig. 5 D shows that one or more PV layers 540 can be placed On any surface of any glass plate of more plate IGU.

In some embodiments, it is placed on the inner surface of glass plate for PV layers, internal clearance is formed, such as Fig. 4 A and 4B institute Show, the PV layers of influence from moisture and oxygen can protect by the sealing material and desiccant of protecting IGU rest part.At it In his embodiment, PV can be protected by additional encapsulated layer (such as glassy layer, the barrier film of lamination, film of deposition etc.) Influence of the layer from such as moisture and oxygen.For example, another block of glass may be coupled to the PV layer opposite with the glass plate of IGU To play the role of blocking on surface.Barrier film can be adhered to or be laminated on PV layers of the surface opposite with the glass plate of IGU, And it is used as the barrier of moisture and oxidizing chemical (such as oxygen).Some form of film, it may include pass through sputtering, atomic layer One or more layers of deposition, spin coating, thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition or other steam and method for treating liquids deposition, can also As protecting PV from the barrier of the influence of moisture and oxygen.These layers may include oxide or nitride, such as silica, Aluminium oxide, silicon nitride etc..

Fig. 6 A-6D shows the various constructions of the IGU with PV layer 630 and encapsulated layer 640 according to specific embodiment.Such as Upper described, encapsulated layer 640 may include the film of such as glassy layer, lamination barrier film or deposition.Encapsulated layer 640 can be IGU's Physics and chemical barrier protection are provided on outer surface, or the additional barrier in the air gap in the IGU as assembling.IGU It may include the first glass plate 610 and the second glass plate 620, the first glass plate 610 and second glass plate 620 and spacer (Fig. 6 A- 6D is not shown) together, form gap 650.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 A, PV layer 630 is placed on the interior of the first glass plate 610 It on surface, and is protected by encapsulated layer 640, protecting it from may be in any moisture and oxidative chemicals in gap 650 It influences.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 B, PV layer 630 be can be placed on the outer surface of the first glass plate 610, and by encapsulated layer 640 protection, protect it from may any moisture in external environment and oxidative chemicals influence.It is real shown in Fig. 6 C It applies in example, PV layer 630 can be placed on the inner surface of the second glass plate 620, and be protected by encapsulated layer 640, and protecting it from can It can be in the influence of any moisture in gap 650 and oxidative chemicals.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 D, PV layer 630 can be put It sets on the outer surface of the second glass plate 620, and protected by encapsulated layer 640, protecting it from may appointing in the inside of building The influence of what moisture and oxidative chemicals.

Encapsulated layer 640 can be attached to PV layer 630 by a lot of different ways.For example, for the encapsulation including glassy layer 640, PV of layer layer 630 can be deposited on the glass plate of IGU or the glassy layer of encapsulated layer 640, then be attached respectively to encapsulated layer 640 glassy layer or glass plate.In some embodiments, PV layer 630 can be deposited on the glass plate of IGU, then with blocking Film layer pressure, or can be deposited directly on barrier film, then it is pressed on the glass plate of IGU with barrier film.In some implementations In example, PV layer 630 can be deposited on the glass plate of IGU, and then single-layer or multi-layer film can be deposited on the top of PV layer 630 On.

Fig. 7 A-7C is shown according to specific embodiment for encapsulating the various methods of PV layer 720.It is real shown in Fig. 7 A It applies in example, PV layer 720 can be initially formed on glass plate 710, may then pass through for example direct attachment, lamination or deposition work Skill forms encapsulated layer 730, such as glassy layer, barrier layer or film on PV layer 720.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 B, PV layers 720 can be initially formed on encapsulated layer 730 (for example, glassy layer or barrier layer), and then PV layer 720 and encapsulated layer 730 can be with It is attached or is laminated on glass plate 710.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 C, PV layer 720 can be initially formed at glass plate 710 On, such as physical vapour deposition (PVD) (Physical Vapor Deposition, PVD) technology (such as hot steaming then can be used Hair, electro beam physics vapour deposition (Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition, EBPV), sputtering sedimentation Deng) or solution deposition techniques (such as spin coating, blade coating, spraying etc.) one or more films are deposited or coated on PV layer 720 Layer 740.

Encapsulated layer can be integrated into IGU before or after IGU is assembled.For example, before assembling complete IGU, PV layers It can be encapsulated by a glass plate and encapsulated layer of IGU.In such embodiments, encapsulated layer can IGU assemble during with And PV layers are protected after IGU assembling.If PV layers on the outer surface of any glass plate of IGU, can assemble in IGU Execute encapsulation later.

Fig. 8 A-8D is shown according to specific embodiment before or after assembling IGU, for encapsulating each of PV layer 830 Kind method.As described above, IGU may include the first glass plate 810 and the second glass plate 820.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 A, PV Layer 830 can be encapsulated by the second glass plate 820 and encapsulated layer 840 of IGU, above with reference to described in Fig. 7 A-7C.It then can be by group The second glass plate 820, PV layer 830 and the encapsulated layer 840 and the first glass plate 810 closed is fitted together to be assembled completely with formation IGU。

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 B, the first glass plate 810 and the second glass plate 820 are composable to be initially formed double plates IGU.Then PV layer 830 can be formed on the outer surface of the second glass plate 820 of double plate IGU of assembling.Finally, encapsulated layer 840 can be attached to PV layer 830 for example, by being directly attached, being laminated, depositing or coating, as described in above for Fig. 7 A.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 C, the first glass plate 810 and the second glass plate 820 are composable to form double plate IGU. PV layer 830 can be formed on encapsulated layer 840 (such as glassy layer or lamination barrier layer).Then, the PV encapsulated with encapsulated layer 840 Layer 830 can be attached to the second glass plate of double plate IGU for example, by being as above directly attached or being laminated described in Fig. 7 A 820 outer surface.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 D, the first glass plate 810 and the second glass plate 820 are composable to form double plate IGU. PV layer 830 can be encapsulated by encapsulated layer 840 and barrier layer 850 (or two glassy layers), and the PV layer 830 encapsulated can be laminated Or coated with adhesive layer 860 to form PV film.PV film can be attached to the outer surface of the second glass plate 820 by adhesive layer 860.PV Film may include any combination of middle layer, such as encapsulated layer 840 and/or barrier layer 850.In some embodiments, any resistance Barrier or encapsulated layer can be changed or remove.In some embodiments, barrier layer 850 may include thin glass or plastic layer, or It can be removed.In some embodiments, encapsulated layer 840 may include thin glass or plastic layer, or can be removed.Adhesive phase 860 can be any kind of optically clear adhesive, which can adhere on the glass panel of IGU, For PV film to be attached to IGU.In some embodiments, PV film can be with the sheet material or coiled material similar to other adhesives or band Form provides, and can be rolled-up and cut to match the expectation overlay area of IGU or surface region.

Therefore, it may not include any that the above-mentioned technology about Fig. 8 B-8D, which can be used for for PV layers and/or encapsulated layer being added to, PV layers of existing IGU.For example, the assembling of the PV layer and encapsulated layer (and adhesive layer) that are shown in Fig. 8 C and 8D can be laminated or with Other modes are attached to the outer surface of existing IGU, and can be easy to install, remove or replace as needed.

As described above, spacer can be used in IGU to separate glass plate and form inner space gap.It is adjustable or Change some encapsulation and/or package technique to accommodate spacer, this is folded depending on the layer heap of IGU.

It includes PV layer 920 on glass plate 910, encapsulated layer 940, between IGU that Fig. 9 A-9F, which is shown according to specific embodiment, The example IGU 900 of spacing body 950 and the contact PV 930.As above described in Fig. 2A and 3C, PV layer 920 may include one or more Active layer, and one or more transparent electrode layers (Fig. 9 A-9F is not shown).In some embodiments, PV layer 920 also can wrap Include one or more reflecting layer (Fig. 9 A-9F is not shown).In some embodiments, the contact PV 930 may include thin metal layer form Busbar, such as the silver layer formed by silver inks or silver paste.

Fig. 9 A is the top view of the IGU 900 of no encapsulated layer 940 and IGU spacer 950.Fig. 9 B is no encapsulated layer The cross-sectional view of the IGU 900 of 940 and IGU spacer 950.As shown in Figure 9 B, in some embodiments, PV layer 920 can not The whole region of cover glass plate 910.But PV layer 920 can be aligned with the outer edge of the contact PV 930, and can not be prolonged Stretch the outer edge beyond the contact PV 930.In some embodiments, PV layer 920 is some (for example, electrode layers) but not all Layer can be used to be electrically connected below the contact PV 930, as shown in region 960.For example, contact PV 930 can be with The first electrode layer of PV layer 920 in region 960 contacts, and another contact PV 930 can be with the PV layer in region 970 920 the second electrode lay contact.Fig. 9 C is the top view of the IGU900 with the encapsulated layer 940 being formed in the contact PV 930.Figure 9D is the cross-sectional view of the IGU900 with the encapsulated layer 940 being formed in the contact PV 930.Fig. 9 E is that have to be formed in the interval IGU The top view of the contact PV 900 of encapsulated layer 940 in part 950.Fig. 9 F is with the encapsulated layer being formed in IGU spacer 950 The cross-sectional view of the IGU900 of the contact 940 and PV 930.Fig. 9 E and 9F also show the as above edge seal described in Figure 1A and 1B Glue 980.Since the contact PV 930 is inside IGU spacer 950, conducting wire may be needed across IGU spacer 950 to carry out External connection for certain applications.IGU900 may have some excellent compared with some other IGU with different configuration Point.For example, charge may not be needed through longer electrode or confluence paths in spacer below by therefore resistance loss It can reduce, because biggish distance can lead to higher resistance loss.The outer profile of IGU 900 can be similar to standard IGU, Wherein all extra plays and component (for example, packaged glass, wiring etc.) are in the inside of IGU.In addition, in some embodiments, IGU Spacer can be used for being made the contact PV.

In the embodiment of some IGU 900, PV layer 920 can be with the whole region of cover glass plate 910.For example, In In particular implementation, PV layer 920 can be aligned with 910 outer edge of glass plate.In certain embodiments, the one of PV layer 920 The extensible outer edge beyond the contact PV 930 and/or IGU spacer 950 of a little but not all layer.

Figure 10 A-10F show according to specific embodiment include glass plate 1010 on PV layer 1020, encapsulated layer 1040, The example IGU 1000 of IGU spacer 1050 and the contact PV 1030.PV module 1020 may include one or more active layers, and One or more transparent electrode layers (Figure 10 A-10G is not shown).The contact PV 1030 can be formed on the edge of PV layer 1020.One In a little embodiments, the contact PV 1030 may include, such as the busbar of thin metal layer form, such as the silver formed by silver inks or silver paste Layer.

Figure 10 A is the top view of the IGU 1000 of no encapsulated layer 1040 and IGU spacer 1050.Figure 10 B is not seal Fill the cross-sectional view of the IGU 1000 of layer 1040 and IGU spacer 1050.Figure 10 C is with the encapsulation being formed in the contact PV 1030 The top view of the IGU 1000 of layer 1040.Figure 10 D is the IGU 1000 with the encapsulated layer 1040 being formed in the contact PV 1030 Cross-sectional view.Encapsulated layer 1040 can be with the contact PV 1030 from a distance.Figure 10 E is that have to touch in encapsulated layer 1040 and PV The top view of the IGU1000 of IGU spacer 1050 between point 1030.Figure 10 E is that have in encapsulated layer 1040 and the contact PV 1030 Between IGU spacer 1050 IGU 1000 the cross-sectional view along line A-A.Figure 10 G is that have to touch in encapsulated layer 1040 and PV The IGU 1000 of the IGU spacer 1050 between 1030 is put along the cross-sectional view of line B-B.In IGU 1000, the contact PV 1030 Positioned at the outside of IGU spacer 1050, therefore electric wiring is without pass through IGU spacer 1050.In some embodiments, Some (for example, electrode layers) but not every layer of PV layer 1020 extend to the edge of glass plate 1010 or touch with PV 1030 alignment of point with the contact PV 1030 to be in electrical contact.As shown in figure 10e, 1040 part of encapsulated layer is in IGU spacer 1050 It is interior, partially outside IGU spacer 1050.IGU 1000 may have compared with some other IGU with different configuration Advantage.For example, electric wiring is without pass through IGU spacer 1050.Two edges of encapsulated layer 1040 (for example, glassy layer) can To be aligned with the edge of glass plate 1010, allow easier assembling.IGU spacer 1050 can also be used for the contact PV.

Figure 11 A-11F show according to specific embodiment include glass plate 1110 on PV layer 1120, encapsulated layer 1140, The example IGU 1100 of IGU spacer 1150 and the contact PV 1130.The contact PV 1130 can be formed on the edge of PV layer 1120, As in IGU 1000.Figure 11 A is the top view of the IGU 1100 of no encapsulated layer 1140 and IGU spacer 1150.Figure 11 B It is the cross-sectional view of the IGU 1100 of no encapsulated layer 1140 and IGU spacer 1150.Figure 11 C is that have to be formed in the contact PV 1130 The top view of the IGU 1000 of interior encapsulated layer 1140.Figure 11 D is with the encapsulated layer 1140 being formed in the contact PV 1130 The cross-sectional view of IGU 1100.Encapsulated layer 1140 can be contacted with the contact PV 1130.Figure 11 E is located at IGU spacer 1150 The top view of the IGU 1100 at the top of encapsulated layer 1140.Figure 11 F is the top that there is IGU spacer 1150 to be located at encapsulated layer 1140 The cross-sectional view of the IGU 1100 in portion.In IGU 1100, the contact PV 1130 can be outside IGU spacer 1150, therefore electrical cloth Line is without pass through IGU spacer 1150.In some embodiments, some (for example, the electrode layers) of PV layer 1120 but it is not All layers extend to the edge of glass plate 1110 or are aligned with the contact PV 1130 to carry out electricity with the contact PV 1130 and connect Touching.Encapsulated layer 1140 can be partially in IGU spacer 1150, partially outside IGU spacer 1150.IGU 1100 is different from having Some other IGU of construction are compared, and may be had the advantages that.For example, electric wiring is without pass through IGU spacer 1150. Two edges of encapsulated layer 1140 (for example, glassy layer) can be aligned with the edge of glass plate 1110, allow easier assembling. In addition, IGU spacer 1150 does not need have different height at the different location in IGU 1000, because of IGU spacer 1150 can be completely placed on encapsulated layer 1140.

Figure 12 A-12F show according to specific embodiment include glass plate 1210 on PV layer 1220, encapsulated layer 1240, The example IGU 1200 of IGU spacer 1250 and the contact PV 1230.In IGU 1200, PV layer 1220 can be in glass plate 1210 Outer surface on formed, and encapsulated layer 1240 can be formed on PV layer 1220, to protect PV layer 1220 from building interior Or the influence of the moisture and/or oxygen in external air.The contact V 1230 can be formed on the edge of PV layer 1220, such as IGU In 1000 and IGU 1100 like that.Figure 12 A is the top view of encapsulated layer 1240.Figure 12 B is the cross-sectional view of encapsulated layer 1240.Figure 12C is the top view of IGU 1200, and IGU 1200 has PV layer 1220, the encapsulated layer formed on the outer surface of glass plate 1210 The contact 1240 and PV 1230, wherein encapsulated layer 1240 can be in the contact PV 1230.Figure 12 D is the cross-sectional view of IGU 1200, IGU 1200 have PV layer 1220, encapsulated layer 1240 and the contact PV 1230 formed on the outer surface of glass panel 1210, wherein sealing Filling layer 1240 can be in the contact PV 1230.Encapsulated layer 1240 can be contacted with the contact PV 1230.Figure 12 E is that have in glass plate The top view of the IGU 1200 of IGU spacer 1250 on 1210 inner surface.Figure 12 F is with the interior table in glass plate 1210 The cross-sectional view of the IGU 1200 of IGU spacer 1250 on face.So encapsulated layer 1240 and IGU spacer 1250 are located at glass The opposite side of plate 1210.In some embodiments, some (for example, the electrode layers) of PV layer 1220 but not every layer can be with It extends to the edge of glass plate 1210 or is aligned with the contact PV 1230 to be in electrical contact with the contact PV 1230.IGU 1200 with Some other IGU with different configuration are compared, and may be had the advantages that.For example, electric wiring is without pass through the interval IGU Part 1250, because the contact PV 1230 is located at the opposite side of glass plate 1210.Two edges of encapsulated layer 1240 (for example, glassy layer) It can be aligned with two edges of glass plate 1210, allow easier assembling.In addition, IGU spacer 1250 is not needed in IGU There is different height, because IGU spacer 1250 can be completely placed on glass plate 1210 at different location in 1000.

In some embodiments, some wirings or other electrical connections can be used, so that the electric energy for generating PV layers transmits The position that can be used or be stored by electric device to electric energy.It in some applications, can be direct by the electric power that solar energy generates It is used in IGU spacer.For example, in some applications, there may be function elements (for example, in glass inside some IGU In gap between plate), PV layers of any for being electrically connected to direct wiring or otherwise inside function element and IGU It supports in electronic device.These function elements may include electrochromic layer/device for window tint, and various sensors are used for The controlling electric energy of internal shutter, or other devices of electric power may be needed.In some embodiments, it may be coupled to for PV layers Rechargeable battery, the rechargeable battery can power in turn for internal components when needed.

Figure 13 A shows the example IGU 1302 with integrated electrochromic module 1340 according to specific embodiment.IGU 1302 may include component 1310, which includes glass plate and PV layers.Electrochromic module 1340 can be electrochromism The form of layer, and can be placed in the internal cavity formed by component 1310 and spacer 1320.The PV layer of component 1310 It can be connected to electrochromic module 1340 by electric wire 1330, for the power supply of electrochromic module 1340.In some embodiment party In formula, conducting wire 1330 is embeddable or is covered by spacer 1320, or is otherwise hidden by spacer 1320.

Figure 13 B shows the example IGU 1304 with integrated sensor 1350 according to specific embodiment.IGU 1304 It may include component 1310 and spacer 1320.Integrated sensor 1350, which can be placed in, to be formed by component 1310 and spacer 1320 In internal cavity.The PV layer of component 1310 can be connected to integrated sensor 1350 by electric wire 1330, for integrated sensor 1350 power supplies.In some embodiments, conducting wire 1330 is embeddable or is covered by spacer 1320, or is otherwise spaced Part 1320 is hidden.

Figure 13 C shows the example IGU 1306 with integrated internal shutter 1360 according to specific embodiment.IGU 1306 may include component 1310 and spacer 1320.Internal shutter 1360 can be placed in by 1320 shape of component 1310 and spacer At internal cavity in.The PV layer of component 1310 can be connected to the controller of internal shutter 1360 by electric wire 1330, with It powers for the controller of internal shutter 1360.In some embodiments, conducting wire 1330 is embeddable or is covered by spacer 1320 Lid, or otherwise hidden by spacer 1320.

Figure 13 D shows the example IGU 1308 with integrated rechargeable battery 1370 according to specific embodiment.IGU 1308 may include component 1310 and spacer 1320.Rechargeable battery 1370 can be placed in by component 1310 and spacer 1320 In the internal cavity of formation.The PV layer of component 1310 can be connected to rechargeable battery 1370 by electric wire 1330, with for can Storage battery 1370 is powered.When needing, rechargeable battery 1370 can be used for powering for device inside or outside other.One In a little embodiments, conducting wire 1330 is embeddable or is covered by spacer 1320, or is otherwise hidden by spacer 1320.

In some applications, if power consumption device is not in internal clearance or if not internally positioned of the contact PV The outside of gap and spacer, then may need will be except the power transmission to the internal clearance of IGU of solar energy generation.In detail below Some technologies for the electric power of PV layers of generation to be sent out to IGU by spacer are described.

Figure 14 A is the example having across spacer 1420 and the electric wire 1440 of sealant 1410 according to specific embodiment The top view of IGU 1400.Figure 14 B is the cross-sectional view of IGU 1400.IGU 1400 may include component 1430, the assembling 1430 packet Include glass plate and PV layers.Electric wire 1440 may be coupled to PV layers, and pass through spacer 1420 and the arrival of sealant 1410 IGU 1400 outside.

Figure 15 A-15D is shown according to specific embodiment for electric energy to be passed out IGU by IGU spacer 1520 1500 various methods.IGU 1500 may include the glass plate 1510, IGU spacer 1520 and PV being formed in glass plate 1510 Layer 1530.Figure 15 A show pre-installed in IGU spacer 1520/sealing connector 1550 can be used for that the interval IGU will be come from The electric energy of PV layer inside part 1520 is transferred to outside line or other electrical connections 1540.Figure 15 B shows that electric wire 1545 can be worn Cross the corner clearance 1520 being formed in IGU spacer 1520.Figure 15 C shows that electric wire 1545 may pass through in IGU spacer Hole in 1520 middle parts.Figure 15 D shows that electric wire 1545 may pass through in the hole of 1520 edge of IGU spacer.

In some embodiments, PV layers can be inside IGU, and the contact PV on PV layer can be in the outer of spacer Portion, but can be covered by sealant.PV layers generation electric energy can be transmitted from the inside of IGU, but can without pass through Spacing body.

Figure 16 A-16B shows the example with the contact PV outside IGU spacer 1620 according to specific embodiment IGU 1600.Figure 16 A is the top view of IGU 1600, and 16B is the cross-sectional view of IGU 1600.IGU 1600 may include component 1630, which includes glass plate and PV layers.Electric wire 1640 may be coupled to the PV in the perimeter of spacer 1620 Layer, and pass through the outside that sealant 1610 reaches IGU1600.

In some embodiments, PV layers can be placed on IGU it is outer on the surface.In this case, electric wire can not It needs across spacer, and PV layers can be connected at any position in or beyond the region of covering spacer.

Figure 17 A-17B shows the example with the contact PV outside IGU 1700 on the surface according to specific embodiment IGU 1700.Figure 17 A is the top view of IGU 1700, and Figure 17 B is the cross-sectional view of IGU 1700.IGU 1700 may include component 1730, which includes PV layer, spacer 1720 and the sealant 1710 on glass plate and glass plate outer surface.Electric wire 1740 can be connected to PV layers in the region of covering spacer 1720, at any position at outside region or region.

The contact with PV layers allows electric power to be sent to wiring or other electronic components for desired application.No matter PV layers are on the inner surface of IGU or outer surface, and many different technologies can be used for being contacted with PV layers.These technologies Example may include insertion or be directly connected to spacer member (for example, adhesive), by the contact of welded connecting, pass through conduction The contact of pressing fittings, the contact using conductive strips, or the contact for passing through flexible connector.In some embodiments, busbar Rather than wiring can be used for charge being transmitted to function element from a position on PV layers of surface and can be located at or be attached to Another location on same surface.

Figure 18 A-18F shows the various constructions of the contact PV on example IGU according to specific embodiment.IGU can be wrapped Component 1810 is included, which includes glass plate and PV layers.In the embodiment shown in Figure 18 A, conductive epoxy resin or viscous Mixture can be formed on spacer 1820, for being contacted with the PV layer in component 1810.Figure 18 B shows conductive press fitting Accessory 1830 could attach to the edge of component 1810, be contacted and with PV layers using electric wire for the edge in component 1810 1840 transmission electric power.In the embodiment shown in Figure 18 C, (Flex-On-Glass, FOG) anisotropic conductive is bonded on glass Adhesive 1850 can be attached to the edge of component 1810, for the PV layer in component 1810 to be connected to connector.Figure 18 D is aobvious Show that welded connecting can be used for being contacted with the PV layer in component 1810 and transmit electric power using electric wire 1840.Figure 18 E is shown The PV layer that conductive strips can be used in component 1810 contact and transmits electric power using electric wire 1840.Figure 18 F is shown can To form busbar on PV layers, for being contacted with the PV layer in component 1810, and for by electric power from the one of PV layers A region is transmitted to PV layers another region, wherein power consumption device can be set.

As described above, other materials layer is also desirably integrated into IGU in addition to PV layers.PV layers can match with these material layers To provide electric energy to these material layers, this can execute one or more functions.Some examples of these material layers may include Low-E (Low Emissivity, low-E) material/layer, other reflecting material/layers, shade of color material for IR reflection Material/layer, Color Neutral balancing material/layer, antireflection material/layer, for changing other materials/layer of solar energy heating, conduction Modified layer, surface energy modification layer (may influence how material grows in lower layer), surface work function modified layer, surface roughness Modified layer etc..In some embodiments, one or more functions layer or PV layers can be multi-functional.

Figure 19 A-19B show according to specific embodiment further include in addition to PV layers other function layer example IGU.Figure 19A is shown with the first glass plate 1910, the second glass plate 1920, PV layer 1930 and the functional layer matched with PV layer 1930 1940 example IGU 1900.The pairing layer of functional layer 1940 and PV layer 1930 can execute except convert solar energy into electric energy it Outer additional function.For example, additional functional layer may include shade of color material, which may be used as low-E Or antireflection material and Color Neutral can also be balanced.Figure 19 B is shown including the first glass plate 1910, the second glass plate 1920 and Multifunctional layered 1960 example IGU 1950.Multifunctional layered 1960 may include that one or more can execute multi-functional material The bed of material.For example, Multifunctional layered may act as PV layers, low-E layers, shade of color layer and/or reflecting layer etc. can also act as.

Additional functional layer can be arranged with various combinations with PV layers together.For example, these layers can be arranged in any order On the identical inner surface of the glass plate of IGU or outer surface.

It further includes other function layer in addition to PV layers (for example, low-E that Figure 20 A-20D, which is shown according to specific embodiment, Layer) example IGU various constructions.For example, IGU may include the first glass plate 2010 and in the embodiment shown in Figure 20 A Two glass plates 2020, the first glass plate 410 and the second glass plate 420 form gap 2050.PV layer 2030 is attached to the first glass The inner surface towards gap 2050 of plate 2010, and functional layer 2040 is coupled to the PV layer opposite with the first glass plate 2010 2030 surface.In the embodiment shown in Figure 20 B, functional layer 2040 be attached to the second glass plate 2020 towards gap 2050 Inner surface, and PV layer 2030 is coupled to the surface of the functional layer 2040 opposite with the second glass plate 2020.Shown in Figure 20 C Embodiment in, functional layer 2040 is attached to the outer surface of the facing external environment of the first glass plate 2010, and PV layer 2030 It is coupled to the surface of the functional layer 2040 opposite with the first glass plate 2010.In the embodiment shown in Figure 20 D, PV layer 2030 is attached It is connected to the outer surface of the inside towards building of the second glass plate 2020, and functional layer 2040 is coupled to and the second glass plate The surface of 2020 opposite PV layers 2030.

In some embodiments, on the apparent surface of additional functional layer and the PV layers of any glass plate that may be arranged at IGU.In In some embodiments, on the apparent surface of additional functional layer and the PV layers of any glass plate that may be arranged at IGU.In some embodiments In, multiple functional layers can be used in identical IGU, and can be arranged together according to any suitable construction with PV layers.In In other embodiment, multiple functional layers can be used in IGU in, and can according to it is any suitable construction (with functional layer, such as If fruit has) it arranges together.The disclosure various functions as described above and as described below can be performed in functional layer.

It includes functional layer 2140 and PV layers on same IGU glass plate according to specific embodiment that Figure 21 A-21B, which is shown, 2130 example IGU.Example IGU can respectively include the first glass plate 2110 and the second glass plate 2120,410 He of the first glass plate Second glass plate 420 forms gap 2150.In the embodiment shown in Figure 21 A, PV layer 2130 can be placed on facing external ring On the outer surface of first glass plate 2110 in border, and functional layer 2140 can be placed on the first glass plate 2110 and gap On 2150 adjacent inner surfaces.In the embodiment shown in Figure 21 B, functional layer 2140 can be placed in the first glass plate 2110 towards On the outer surface of external environment, and PV layer 2130 can be placed in the first glass plate 2110 inner surface adjacent with gap 2150 On.

It includes functional layer 2240 and PV layers on different IGU glass plates according to specific embodiment that Figure 22 A-22C, which is shown, 2230 example IGU.Example IGU can respectively include the first glass plate 2210 and the second glass plate 2220,410 He of the first glass plate Second glass plate 420 forms gap 2250.In the embodiment of Figure 22 A, PV layer 2230 can be placed on the first glass plate 2110 On the outer surface of facing external environment, and can be placed on the second glass plate 2110 adjacent with gap 2250 for functional layer 2240 Inner surface on.In the embodiment of Figure 22 B, it is adjacent with gap 2250 that PV layer 2230 can be placed in the first glass plate 2110 On inner surface, while functional layer 2240 can be placed on the second glass plate 2220 inner surface adjacent with gap 2250.In Figure 22 C Embodiment in, functional layer 2240 can be placed on the outer surface of 2110 facing external environment of the first glass plate, while PV layers 2230 can be placed on the second outer surface of the glass plate 2220 towards the inside of building.

Figure 23 A shows the example IGU 2300 including multiple functional layers according to specific embodiment.IGU 2300 can be wrapped The first glass plate 2310 and the second glass plate 2320 are included, the first glass plate 410 and the second glass plate 420 form gap 2350.PV Layer 2330 can be placed on the first glass plate 2310 inner surface adjacent with gap 2350.First functional layer 2340 can place On the outer surface of 2310 facing external environment of the first glassy layer.Second functional layer 2360 can be placed close to PV layer 2330.The Three functional layers 2370 can be placed on the second outer surface of the glassy layer 2320 towards the inside of building.

It includes multiple PV layers of example IGU 2305 that Figure 23 B, which is shown according to specific embodiment,.IGU 2305 may include First glass plate 2310 and the second glass plate 2320, the first glass plate 410 and the second glass plate 420 form gap 2350.First PV layer 2380 can be placed on the first glass plate 2110 inner surface adjacent with gap 2350, while the 2nd PV layer 2390 can be put It sets on the second glass plate 2320 inner surface adjacent with gap 2350.

It includes low-E (low-Emissivity, low-E) layer that Figure 24 A-24B, which is shown according to specific embodiment, 2440 example IGU.Low-E coating may be highly effective in terms of reflecting IR light.PV in PV module and sun light path When low-E coating after layer is integrated, the NIR in PV layers can be increased by the IR light that low-E coating is reflected back PV layers and absorbed, led It causes the raising of PV layers of whole energy conversion efficiency and enters the reduction of the thermal transmittance of building.Figure 24 A is shown including first The example IGU of glass plate 2410 and the second glass plate 2420, the first glass plate 410 and the second glass plate 420 form gap 2450. PV layer 2430 can be placed on the first glass plate 2410 inner surface adjacent with gap 2450.Low-E layer 2440 can be close to PV layer 2430 is placed.Across the first glass plate 2410 and reach PV layers sunlight can part by PV layer 2430 absorption.It can be with Reach low-E layer 2440 sunlight part can be reflected back by low-E layer 2440 PV layer 2430 and at least partly by PV layer 2430 absorbs.In the IGU 2405 shown in Figure 24 B, PV layer 2430 can be placed on the first glassy layer 2410 and gap On 2450 adjacent inner surfaces.Low-E layer 2440 can be placed on the second glass plate 2420 inner surface adjacent with gap 2450 On.Across the first glass plate 2410 and reach PV layers sunlight can part by PV layer 2430 absorption.Gap can be passed through It 2450 and reaches the sunlight part of low-E layer 2440 and can be reflected back PV layer 2430 and at least portion by low-E layer 2440 Ground is divided to be absorbed by PV layer 2430.

Figure 25 is the exploded view according to the example IGU 2500 of specific embodiment.IGU 2500 is desirably integrated into skylight PV module in component, and in IGU 2500 can be used for powering for skylight mechanical elevator, power for other component, or It feeds back in the power grid in building.IGU 2500 may include the first glass plate 2510 (or sheet glass) of the inside towards building, And the second glass plate 2560 towards outside space environment.The barrier layer PV 2550 can be coated with PV layer 2540, and can be with It is attached to the inner surface of the second glass plate 2560.PV layer 2540 can be electrically connected busbar 2542 and electric wire 2544.Third glass plate 2530 could attach to PV layer 2540 to encapsulate and protect PV layer 2540.Second glass plate 2560, the barrier layer PV 2550, PV layers 2540, busbar 2542, electric wire 2544 and third glass plate 2530 can form PV component.PV component, the first glass plate 2510 It can be fitted together with IGU spacer 2520 to form IGU, wherein IGU spacer 2520 can be by PV component and the first glass Glass plate 2510 is separated to form internal clearance in IGU.

Figure 26 is the exploded view according to the example IGU 2600 including electrochromic layer 2620 of specific embodiment. IGU 2600 can be used as example for the day window assembly of vehicle or as vehicle or the window of building.IGU 2600 may include PV module, the PV module can be used for colouring power supply for automatic window or be the other component power supply of skylight or near windows. When automobile closing, unlatching or both, the electric energy of generation can be used.In some embodiments, IGU 2600 may include towards First glass plate 2610 (or sheet glass) of the inside of vehicle, and the second glass plate 2650 of the external environment towards vehicle. PV layer 2640 is coatable on the second glass plate 2650, and can be covered and protected by the barrier layer PV 2630.PV layer 2640 can electricity It is connected to busbar 2642 and electric wire 2644.Electrochromic layer 2620 can be placed on the first glass plate 2610 and the barrier layer PV Between 2630, and it may be coupled to electric wire 2622 to receive electric energy from power supply.For example, electric wire 2622 may be connected to electric wire 2644 To receive the electric energy from PV layer 2640.When applying different voltage class to it, electrochromic layer 2620 can be with continuous But reversible mode changes optical property, such as color, optical transmission, absorption, reflection and/or radiance.

Figure 27 is the exploded view according to the example IGU 2700 including electrochromic layer 2720 of specific embodiment. IGU 2700 can be used as the intelligent window component of building or other structures.IGU 2700 may include PV module, which can For powering for electrochromic window or for skylight or to provide the charging of the internal cell of electric energy to electrochromic window.In In some embodiments, IGU 2700 may include the first glass plate 2710 (or sheet glass) of the inside towards building, and towards Second glass plate 2750 of the external environment of building or structure.PV layer 2740 is coatable on the second glass plate 2750.PV layers 2740 may be electrically connected to busbar 2742 and electric wire 2744.Electrochromic layer 2720 can be placed on the interior of the first glass plate 2610 On surface, and it may be coupled to electric wire 2722 to receive electric power from power supply.For example, electric wire 2722 may be connected to electric wire 2744 with Receive the electric power from PV layer 2740.When applying different voltage class to it, electrochromic layer 2720 can with continuous but Reversible mode changes optical property, such as color, optical transmission, absorption, reflection and/or radiance.Coated with PV layer 2740 The second glass plate 2750, the first glass plate 2710 coated with electrochromic layer 2720 and IGU spacer 2730 can be assembled Together to form IGU, wherein IGU spacer 2730 can separate the first glass plate 2710 and the second glass plate 2750 in IGU Middle formation internal clearance.

Figure 28 is the exploded view according to the example IGU 2800 of specific embodiment.IGU 2800 can be used as building IGU.PV module can be integrated into IGU 2800.Then, the PV electric power that PV module generates may be coupled to DC-AC inverter, and It is fed in the electric power network or smart grid of building.In some embodiments, IGU 2800 may include towards in building First glass plate 2810 (or sheet glass) in face, and the second glass plate 2840 of the external environment towards building.PV layer 2830 It can be formed on the second glass plate 2840.PV layer 2830 may be electrically connected to busbar 2832 and electric wire 2834.Electric wire 2834 can connect It is connected to DC electric device or DC-AC inverter.The second glass plate 2840,2810 and of the first glass plate coated with PV layer 2830 IGU spacer 2820 is composable together to form IGU 2800, and wherein IGU spacer 2820 can be by 2810 He of the first glass plate Second glass plate 2840 is separated to form internal clearance in IGU.

It should be noted that in above-mentioned example IGU, even if functional layer, low-E layers, encapsulated layer and/or sealant may not scheme In show or be not explicitly described so as not to fuzzy described feature, technical staff is it will be readily understood that these layers and sealant Various combinations can be used in any IGU as described above.

Figure 29 shows the construction of the example IGU 2900 according to specific embodiment.IGU 2900 includes being deposited on the first glass PV layer 2930 in glass plate 2910 (for example, 12 " × 12 " × 1.1mm sheet glass).The curable ring of optically transparent UV can be used Oxygen resin, heat-setting epoxy resin or pressure-heat adhesive (for example, polyvinyl alcohol (Polyvinyl Alcohol, PVA), polyvinyl butyral (Polyvinyl Butyral, PVB) or thermoplastic polyurethane (Thermoplastic Polyurethane, TPU)) packaged glass 2940 (for example, sheet glass of 12 " × 11.5 " × 2.5mm) is adhered to PV layers On 2930 upper surface.Busbar (Figure 29 is not shown) can along two edges of PV layer 2930 add silver paste, the PV layers It 2930 two edges after encapsulation may exposure.Conducting wire for electrical contact can be fixed to by welding and/or copper strips Every side of IGU2900.Spacer 2950 (for example, having a size of 11.5 " ×× .5 rulers " ×× .5 ") envelope can be directly bonded to On glaze 2940 and the second glass plate 2920 (for example, 12 " ××s as " sheet glass of × 2.5mm).

Figure 30 A-30D shows all parts of the example IGU 2900 being shown in Figure 29 according to specific embodiment.Figure 30A shows the component 3010 including PV layer 2930 and the first glassy layer 2910.Component 3010 also may include being connected to PV layers Electric wire 3012.Figure 30 B shows hot sticky using optically transparent UV curable epoxy, heat-curable epoxy resin or pressure Packaged glass 2940 is adhered to the upper surface of PV layer 2930 by mixture (such as PVA, PVB or TPU).Encapsulated layer 2940 is a side There is size identical with the first glass plate 2910 to (for example, being shown in the vertical direction in Figure 30 B), and can be in another side It is short to (for example, horizontal direction) slightly than the first glass plate 2910 (for example, about 0.5 ").PV layers are adhered in packaged glass 2940 After 2930, some regions near two vertical edges of PV layer 2930 can be exposed and (not covered).Busbar or point connection It can be formed in the top of exposed region, for being contacted with PV layer 2930.Figure 30 C shows that spacer 2950 can be bonded To packaged glass 2940.Figure 30 D shows that spacer 2950 can slightly (for example, about 0.5 ") be shorter than component in two directions 3010.Therefore, it can be carried out outside spacer 2950 to the electrical connection of PV layer 2930, and spacer 2950 need not be passed through, To take the electric power of generation out of IGU 2900.Such as silicone sealant can be used around the outer of separator 2950 in IGU 2900 Edge seal leaves the exposure of electric wire 3012 to be in electrical contact with PV layer 2930.

Figure 31 A-31D shows the example IGU 2900 assembled completely being shown in Figure 29 according to specific embodiment.Figure 31A is the cross-sectional view of complete assembling IGU 2900.Figure 31 B is the enlarged partial cross section of IGU 2900.Figure 31 C is IGU 2900 Horizontal cross.Figure 31 C is the vertical sectional view of IGU 2900.As shown in Figure 31 B and 31D, the top of packaged glass 2940 Edge can be aligned with component 3010, and thereby the assembling of IGU can be made simple.As shown in Figure 31 B and 31C, a left side for component 3010 Region near edge and right hand edge can not be packaged glass 2940 or spacer 2950 covers, therefore can be used for and PV layers 2930 are electrically connected without passing through spacer 2950.

In order to estimate to be integrated into transparent PV layers in double glass sheets, be combined with low-E function may be to the use of whole building In the influence that heating and cooling energy consumption generate, building energy simulation can be executed.In the example being described below, not at three With a series of annual building energy simulations are executed in the typical Medium-sized Storied Office Building in climatic province, collected in double plate windows with prediction At transparent PV layers and energy-efficient influence of the increased low-E function on building.Transparent PV layers is selected to have choosing within the scope of NIR Selecting property absorbs and reflection.

(referred to as " Low-E ") low-E layers independent and example transparent PV (TPV) layer heap with increased low-E function Folded (referred to as " TPV+Low-E ") is for being integrated into double plate windows.Measure the optical property (example of low-E and TPV+Low-E coating Such as, it transmits and reflects).

Figure 32 A shows the transmitted spectrum of two kinds of materials (Low-E and TPV+Low-E) according to specific embodiment.Low-E The transmitted spectrum of coating is shown in curve 3210, and the transmitted spectrum of TPV+Low-E coating is shown in curve 3220.Figure 32 A shows two Coating is planted for the highly transmissive efficiency of visible light, and TPV+Low-E also has the low transmission efficiency for NIR light.

Figure 32 B shows the transmitted spectrum of two kinds of materials (Low-E and TPV+Low-E) according to specific embodiment.Reflection Spectrum shows PV material to the reflectivity of incident light before PV material.The reflectance spectrum of Low-E coating is by curve 3230 It has been shown that, the reflectance spectrum of TPV+Low-E coating are shown by curve 3240.Figure 32 B shows that two kinds of materials are greater than wavelength The IR light of 1200nm all has high reflectance, and NIR light of the TPV+Low-E coating for wavelength less than 1200nm can also have High reflectance.

" Optics from Lao Lunsi Berkeley National Laboratory (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab) 6 " softwares are used for the optical property using Low-E the and TPV+Low-E coating of measurement (for example, transmissivity, front and back reflectivity and spoke Penetrate rate etc.) measurement Low-E and TPV+Low-E coating the window analogue value.It then, can be from Lao Lunsi Berkeley National Laboratory Windows database obtain and can be used for simulating the critical physical parameter of transparent glass and low-E glass window component.Table 1 is aobvious The comparison of these parameters for transparent glass, low-E glass and the glass with TPV+Low-E coating is shown.Under in table 1 Mark shows the ingredient of solar spectrum (as " sol " refers to sunlight, " vis " refers to visible light).Digital table in parameter in table 1 (" 1 ") and rear (" 2 ") surface before bright, ε indicate that infrared emittance, k indicate thermal conductivity.

Table 1: the analog parameter of different types of glass

" Berkeley Lab WINDOW " software from Lao Lunsi Berkeley National Laboratory is described for being analyzed as follows Different window constructions light and heat performance.Using window property, three kinds of window structures with and without TPV coating are calculated The gauge of the transmission of visible light, solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) and U value (representing overall heat-transfer coefficient) made.For building The suggestion of simulation, it is assumed that include double plate windows with reference to building, because these windows are new professional standards.It is also supposed that double plate windows Glass plate including two 6 millimeters thicks, and the air gap between glass plate is about 6 millimeters.

Figure 33 A shows the example IGU 3300 with transparent glass.IGU 2300 may include 3310 He of the first glass plate Second glass plate 3320, the first glass plate 410 and the second glass plate 420 form internal clearance 3330.First glass plate 3310 can External environment towards building, the second glass plate 3320 can be towards the insides of building.Figure 33 B is shown including low-E layer 3340 Example IGU 3302.IGU 3302 may include the first glass plate 3310 and the second glass plate 3320, the first glass plate 410 and Two glass plates 420 form internal clearance 3330.Low-E layer 3340 can be placed on the inner surface of the first glass plate 3310.Figure It includes transparent PV layers of example IGU3304 that 33C, which is shown according to specific embodiment,.IGU 3304 may include the first glass plate 3310 and second glass plate 3320, the first glass plate 410 and the second glass plate 420 form internal clearance 3330.TPV coating 3350 (it also may include low-E layers) can be formed in the inner surface of the first glass plate 3310.

The simulation simulates the energy feature of window using the data in table 1 using complicated model, the model.The model The angle change of window property is considered, and handles each part of solar spectrum respectively.Table 2 is shown for Figure 33 A-33C Shown in example IGU construction calculate U value, SHGC and VT value.

Table 2: the parameter calculated for different window constructions

	U value	SHGC	VT
				Double plates with the air gap (reference)	3.114	0.717	0.798
Double plates with the air gap and low-E coating	2.329	0.500	0.649
				Double plates with the air gap and TPV+Low-E coating	2.329	0.289	0.596

U value in table 2 represents overall heat-transfer coefficient, which describes the degree of constracture unit conduction heat.It is lower U value mean higher insulation degree, and be therefore generally preferable for window assembly.As shown in table 2, it is added to double plate windows Low-E or TPV+Low-E coating can substantially reduce the U value of double plate windows.

SHGC shows the score of the incident solar radiation entered by window, is inhaled including the part directly transmitted and first The part of receipts and part then to interior release.The SHGC of window is lower, and the solar heat of window transmission is fewer, because This, the cooling requirement in summer is lower.Solar heat gain may be by type of glass, the shadow of plate quantity and any glass coating It rings.Typical double plate windows can have about 0.72 SHGC.By increasing low-E coating, which be can be significantly reduced, for example, about 0.5.As shown in table 2, due to the selective absorbing of the NIR light by the wavelength of low-E coating less than 1200nm and reflection and The reflection of infrared light of the wavelength greater than 1200nm, double plate windows with TPV+Low-E coating have significantly lower SHGC value, About 0.29.

Although these standard windows measurement is widely accepted and understands, they can not capture some excellent of advanced technology Point, such as the electric energy production layer in window.In order to solve these problems, annual monolithic architecture energy simulation is executed to simulate the U.S. The energy performance of three typical weathers, to be able adequately determines the benefit for adding PV layers to window.

The medium sized business of U.S. Department of Energy (Department of Energy, DOE) exploitation is used for mould with reference to buildings model Energy performance under quasi- three kinds of weathers: Arizona State Phoenix, Chicago, IL city and Maryland State Baltimore City.The design of buildings model meets ASHRAE90.1-2004 building energy specification, represents typical new building.Medium-sized reference is built Building model includes 3 layers, and total floor area of simulating is about 53,600ft².The model has about 7027ft²Window areas represents about 33% window-wall ratio.Window is evenly distributed along four facades.There are four perimeter region and a cores for every floor mask Heart district domain.Perimeter region and nucleus distribution include the 40% and 60% of the gross area.The height of flooring to flooring is about 13ft, The height of flooring to ceiling is about 9ft.The height of the difference representative pressure ventilating system of height.

Energy Plus software is for executing building energy simulation.Each window structure is calculated using Energy Plus software It makes and always builds the energy consumption cooled and heated with each position.Using from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (National Renewable Energy Lab, NREL) obtain each position average solar illumination data come estimate by TPV coat window The electric energy that family generates.

Table 3 show the heating of the different window constructions of diverse geographic location, heating ventilation and air-conditioning (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning, HVAC) energy consumption.Year heating and the cooling energy, which require to represent, to be led to The thermal energy that HVAC system is transported to building or removes from building is crossed, to maintain desired thermostat set point.With the double plate glass of baseline Glass is compared, and demand of the window of low-E and TPV+Low-E coating under all weathers to the HVAC energy is reduced, and TPV+Low-E is applied The HVAC reduction amount of deposited window is significantly higher.In addition, using the average solar energy illumination data from NREL and assuming 5% PV efficiency come estimate by TPV coat window generate PV electric energy.By combining generated PV electric energy and HVAC saving, packet The window for including TPV coating can make the power consumption of typical building reduce about 40-50%.Building energy consumption is greatly saved in this, and Show tremendous influence of the TPV coating to building integrated photovoltaic module.

Table 3: the energy demand of heating and the cooling of different window constructions.

It should be appreciated that specific steps described herein and device provide manufacture it is according to an embodiment of the present invention visible transparent The ad hoc approach of photovoltaic module.According to alternate embodiment, other sequence of steps can also be performed.For example, substitution of the invention is real The step of being outlined above can be executed in different order by applying example.In addition, various steps described herein and device may include Multiple sub-steps, these sub-steps can be executed with the various sequences for being suitable for each embodiment.In addition, according to concrete application, Other steps and component can be added or deleted.It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that many variations, modifications and substitutions.

It should also be understood that example described herein and embodiment are for illustration purposes only, and those skilled in the art will build View carry out various modifications or changes to it, and including in spirit and scope and scope of the appended claims It is interior.