阅读说明：本技术 一种小龙虾不同养殖阶段的营养水平以及饲料 (Nutrition level and feed for crayfishes in different breeding stages ) 是由 李家庆 黄俊娃 阳会军 于 2019-10-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于饲料技术领域,具体涉及一种小龙虾不同养殖阶段的饲料,不同养殖阶段的饲料分别为：小龙虾母子料、小龙虾快大料、小龙虾促性腺发育料；本发明要解决小龙虾仔虾、青壳虾阶段生长速度慢,成熟期性腺发育缓慢的问题,具体如下：(1)小龙虾仔虾阶段生长速度慢,不能赶在价格较好的2-3月份大量卖虾苗,影响养殖效益。(2)小龙虾青壳虾阶段生长速度慢,不能赶在价格较好的3-4月份大量卖青壳虾(成品虾),影响养殖效益。(3)青壳虾性腺发育后成为红壳大虾,红壳大虾更耐运输,价格也更高。小龙虾6-7月份性腺发育缓慢,红壳大虾的比例不高,影响运输成活率和养殖效益。(The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a feed for crayfishes in different breeding stages, wherein the feeds in the different breeding stages are respectively as follows: crayfish mother and child materials, crayfish fast-growing materials and crayfish gonad development promoting materials; the invention aims to solve the problems of slow growth speed and slow gonad development in the mature period of the young crayfish and the freshwater shrimp stage, and specifically comprises the following steps: (1) the growth speed of the crayfish in the larval stage is slow, so that the crayfish seedlings cannot be sold in a large amount in 2-3 months with good price, and the breeding benefit is influenced. (2) The growth speed of the crayfish in the freshwater shrimp stage is slow, and the crayfish (finished product shrimp) cannot be sold in a large amount in 3-4 months with good price, so that the breeding benefit is influenced. (3) The freshwater shrimps become red-shelled shrimps after gonad development, and the red-shelled shrimps are more resistant to transportation and higher in price. The gonads of the crayfishes in 6-7 months are slowly developed, the proportion of the red-shell crayfishes is not high, and the transportation survival rate and the breeding benefit are influenced.)

1. The feed for the crayfishes in different breeding stages is characterized in that: the feeds in different breeding stages are respectively as follows: fast crayfish feed, crayfish gonad development promoting feed and crayfish mother and child feed.

2. The feed for different breeding stages of crayfishes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crayfish fast feed comprises the following raw materials: freshwater fish steak powder, lard residue, blood powder, bean pulp, peanut meal, rapeseed meal, green cake, cottonseed meal, white spirit vinasse, freshwater fish oil, phospholipid oil, bentonite, flour, full cream rice bran, monocalcium phosphate, salt, shrimp premix, DL-methionine and mildew preventive.

3. the feed for the different breeding stages of the crayfish as claimed in claim 2, wherein the crayfish fast feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1-3 parts of freshwater fish steak powder, 2-4 parts of lard residue, 1-3 parts of blood meal, 16.5-18.5 parts of soybean meal, 5-7 parts of peanut meal, 22-24 parts of seed vegetable meal, 8-10 parts of green cake, 3-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 3-5 parts of white spirit vinasse, 1.8-2.3 parts of freshwater fish oil, 0.8-1.3 parts of phospholipid oil, 5-7 parts of bentonite, 9-11 parts of flour, 2-4 parts of whole fat rice bran, 2.5-3.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 1-2 parts of shrimp premix, 0.1-0.15 part of DL-methionine and 0.03 part of mildew preventive.

4. The feed for different breeding stages of crayfish according to claim 1, wherein the crayfish gonadal development material comprises the following raw materials: freshwater fish steak powder, bean pulp, peanut meal, seed added vegetable meal, green cake, cottonseed meal, white spirit vinasse, bean dregs, corn bran, freshwater fish oil, phospholipid oil, bentonite, flour, full cream rice bran, monocalcium phosphate, salt, shrimp premix, DL-methionine, lysine hydrochloride and a mildew preventive.

5. The feed for different breeding stages of crayfishes as claimed in claim 4, wherein the crayfish gonadal development material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1-3 parts of freshwater fish steak powder, 13-15 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of peanut meal, 22-24 parts of rapeseed meal, 8-10 parts of green cake, 3-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 4-6 parts of white spirit vinasse, 3-5 parts of bean dregs, 3-4 parts of corn bran, 1.8-2.3 parts of freshwater fish oil, 0.8-1.3 parts of phospholipid oil, 6-8 parts of bentonite, 9-11 parts of flour, 3-4 parts of full-fat rice bran, 3-4 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 part of salt, 1-2 parts of shrimp premix, 0.1-0.15 part of DL-methionine, 0.2-0.25 part of lysine hydrochloride and 0.03 part of mildew preventive.

6. the feed for different breeding stages of crayfish according to claim 1, wherein the crayfish mother and child feed comprises the following raw materials: freshwater fish steak powder, lard residue, blood meal, bean pulp, peanut meal, rapeseed meal, green cake, cottonseed meal, freshwater fish oil, phospholipid oil, bentonite, flour, full-fat rice bran, monocalcium phosphate, salt, shrimp premix, DL-methionine and mildew preventive.

7. The feed for the different breeding stages of the crayfish as claimed in claim 6, wherein the crayfish mother and child feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 8-10 parts of freshwater fish steak powder, 4-6 parts of lard residue, 3-5 parts of blood meal, 17-19 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of peanut meal, 22-24 parts of rapeseed meal, 5-7 parts of green cake, 3-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 1.8-2.3 parts of freshwater fish oil, 0.8-1.3 parts of phospholipid oil, 4-6 parts of bentonite, 9-11 parts of flour, 3-4 parts of full-fat rice bran, 2.5-3.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 1-2 parts of shrimp premix, 0.1-0.15 part of DL-methionine and 0.03 part of mildew preventive.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a nutrition level of crayfishes in different breeding stages and a feed.

Background

Crayfish (academic name: Procambarus clarkii): also called procambarus clarkii, red crayfish and freshwater crayfish, the crayfish is a freshwater economic shrimp, and is popular with people because of delicious meat taste. Due to the omnivorous property, the fast growth speed and the strong adaptability, the method forms an absolute competitive advantage in the local ecological environment. The food intake range of the feed comprises aquatic weeds, algae, aquatic insects, animal carcasses and the like, and the feed can kill the aquatic weeds, the algae, the aquatic insects, the animal carcasses and the like in case of shortage of food. Crayfish has become an important economic breed in china in recent years.

the crayfish is fed with only one nutrient level in the whole crayfish breeding process, and the nutrient level of the feed is not matched with the nutrient requirements of crayfish in different breeding stages and different specifications. Therefore, the research and development of the feed for the crayfishes in different breeding stages are of great significance.

Disclosure of Invention

in view of the above, the present invention aims to provide nutrition levels and feeds for crayfishes in different breeding stages, wherein the breeding of crayfishes is divided into different stages according to different breeding time nodes, different growth stages are divided according to morphological characteristic changes of the crayfishes in the different stages, the nutrition levels in the different breeding stages are designed, and feeds suitable for the different breeding stages of the crayfishes are configured based on the nutrition levels, so that the problems of slow growth speed and slow gonad development in the mature period of the crayfishes and the freshwater shrimps in the stages can be effectively solved.

The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:

The division of different breeding stages of the crayfish comprises a rapid growth stage, a gonad development stage and a shrimp larva growth stage. The rapid growth period is from 2 late to 5 middle of the month, the gonad development period is from 5 late to 7 late of the month, and the growth period of the shrimp larvae is from 8 early to 2 middle of the month. The nutrient level in the rapid growth period is as follows: according to the mass percentage, the protein content is 31-33%, the fat content is 5.5-6%, the starch content is 15-16%, the Lys content is 1.58-1.63%, the DL-Met content is 0.58-0.63%, and the effective phosphorus content is more than or equal to 0.80%; the nutrient level of the gonadal development stage is as follows: according to the mass percentage, the protein content is 27-29%, the fat content is 6.5-7%, the starch content is 15-16%, the Lys content is 1.38-1.43%, the DL-Met content is 0.48-0.53%, and the effective phosphorus content is more than or equal to 0.80%; the nutrition level of the shrimp larvae in the growing period is as follows: according to the mass percentage, the protein content is 35-37%, the fat content is 5.5-6%, the starch content is 15-16%, the Lys content is 1.78-1.83%, the DL-Met content is 0.68-0.73%, and the effective phosphorus content is more than or equal to 0.80%;

based on the nutrition level, the rapid growth period, the gonadal development period and the shrimp fry growth period are respectively provided with a crayfish rapid large material, a crayfish gonadal promotion development material and a crayfish mother and child material.

Further, the raw material ratio based on the rapid growth period, the gonad development period and the shrimp larva growth period is as follows:

the crayfish fast-growing material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1-3 parts of freshwater fish steak powder, 2-4 parts of lard residue, 1-3 parts of blood meal, 16.5-18.5 parts of soybean meal, 5-7 parts of peanut meal, 22-24 parts of seed vegetable meal, 8-10 parts of green cake, 3-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 3-5 parts of white spirit vinasse, 1.8-2.3 parts of freshwater fish oil, 0.8-1.3 parts of phospholipid oil, 5-7 parts of bentonite, 9-11 parts of flour, 2-4 parts of whole fat rice bran, 2.5-3.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 1-2 parts of shrimp premix, 0.1-0.15 part of DL-methionine and 0.03 part of mildew preventive;

The crayfish gonadal development material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1-3 parts of freshwater fish steak powder, 13-15 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of peanut meal, 22-24 parts of seed-added vegetable meal, 8-10 parts of green cake, 3-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 4-6 parts of white spirit vinasse, 3-5 parts of bean dregs, 3-4 parts of corn bran, 1.8-2.3 parts of freshwater fish oil, 0.8-1.3 parts of phospholipid oil, 6-8 parts of bentonite, 9-11 parts of flour, 3-4 parts of full-fat rice bran, 3-4 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 part of salt, 1-2 parts of shrimp premix, 0.1-0.15 part of DL-methionine, 0.2-0.25 part of lysine hydrochloride and 0.03 part of mildew preventive;

The crayfish mother and child material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 8-10 parts of freshwater fish steak powder, 4-6 parts of lard residue, 3-5 parts of blood meal, 17-19 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of peanut meal, 22-24 parts of rapeseed meal, 5-7 parts of green cake, 3-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 1.8-2.3 parts of freshwater fish oil, 0.8-1.3 parts of phospholipid oil, 4-6 parts of bentonite, 9-11 parts of flour, 3-4 parts of full-fat rice bran, 2.5-3.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 1-2 parts of shrimp premix, 0.1-0.15 part of DL-methionine and 0.03 part of mildew preventive;

Further, the nutrient levels in the rapid growth phase are: according to the mass percentage, the protein content is 31.9 percent, the fat content is 5.94 percent, the starch content is 7.3 percent, the Lys content is 1.68 percent, the total sulfur-containing amino acid content is 1.11 percent, the effective phosphorus content is 0.84 percent, and the DE is 2228 kcal/kg; the nutrient level of the gonadal development stage is as follows: according to the mass percentage, the protein content is 27.7 percent, the fat content is 5.87 percent, the starch content is 8.25 percent, the Lys content is 1.50 percent, the total sulfur-containing amino acid content is 1.05 percent, the available phosphorus content is 0.91 percent, and the DE is 2070 kcal/kg; the nutrition level of the shrimp larvae in the growing period is as follows: according to the mass percentage, the protein content is 35.8 percent, the fat content is 6.52 percent, the starch content is 7.4 percent, the Lys content is 2.00 percent, the total sulfur-containing amino acid content is 1.16 percent, the effective phosphorus content is 0.94 percent, and the DE is 2472 kcal/kg;

Further, based on the nutrition level, the raw materials of the crayfish fast-growing material, the crayfish gonad development material and the crayfish mother and child material are as follows:

the crayfish fast-growing material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2 parts of freshwater fish steak powder, 3 parts of lard residue, 2 parts of blood meal, 17.57 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of rapeseed meal, 9 parts of green cake, 4 parts of cottonseed meal, 4 parts of white spirit vinasse, 3 parts of soybean residue, 2 parts of freshwater fish oil, 1 part of phospholipid oil, 6 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of flour, 3 parts of full-fat rice bran, 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 1 part of shrimp premix, 0.1 part of DL-methionine and 0.03 part of mildew preventive;

The crayfish gonadal development material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2 parts of freshwater fish steak powder, 14 parts of bean pulp, 5 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of rapeseed meal, 9 parts of green cake, 4 parts of cottonseed meal, 5 parts of white spirit vinasse, 4 parts of bean dregs, 3.67 parts of corn bran, 2 parts of freshwater fish oil, 1 part of phospholipid oil, 7 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of flour, 5 parts of whole-fat rice bran, 3.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 part of salt, 1 part of shrimp premix, 0.1 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of lysine hydrochloride and 0.03 part of mildew preventive;

The crayfish mother and child material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 9 parts of freshwater fish steak powder, 5 parts of lard residue, 4 parts of blood meal, 18 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of peanut meal, 23 parts of rapeseed meal, 6 parts of green cake, 4 parts of cottonseed meal, 2 parts of freshwater fish oil, 1 part of phospholipid oil, 5 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of flour, 3.57 parts of full cream rice bran, 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 1 part of shrimp premix, 0.1 part of DL-methionine and 0.03 part of mildew preventive;

TABLE 1 sources of the inventive feedstocks

The principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

Through systematic study of morphological characteristic changes of crayfishes in the whole actual breeding process, different growth stages, time nodes and breeding requirements are divided (see table 2). The crayfish breeding is divided into 3 stages, and the feed nutrient levels including protein, fat, Lys and Met in different breeding stages are adjusted to meet the requirements of the crayfish in each breeding stage.

TABLE 2 crayfish culture stage segmentation and market demand

Note:

The growth period is rapid (2 ten days later-5 ten days middle month): the water environment and the air temperature in the period are suitable for the growth of the crayfishes, and the crayfishes are in the rapid growth period of the crayfish larvae. Commercial shrimps (freshwater shrimps) are sold at 20 g/tail, and the market price is good in 3-4 months, so that farmers can feed a large amount of feed after putting the shrimps, so that the growth speed of the crayfishes is increased. However, the protein content of the current commercial materials is low (28% -30%), the nutritional requirements of the crayfish at this stage cannot be met, the growth speed of the crayfish is slow, and the crayfish can reach the market specification after being released and cultured for 20-25 days. Therefore, the crayfish fast-growing material meeting the requirement of fast growth needs to be developed.

② gonad development period (5 last ten days-7 last ten days): in natural farming, crayfish (freshwater shrimp) starts gonadal development and becomes red-shelled shrimp. The red-shell shrimps are more resistant to transportation, and the death rate is less than 5% in the transportation distance of 1000 kilometers in 600 plus materials; and the freshwater shrimps are not resistant to transportation at the time, the transportation distance exceeds 600 kilometers, and the death rate exceeds 20%. Therefore, the market prefers to purchase the red-shelled shrimps with stronger transportation resistance, and the price of the red-shelled shrimps is higher than that of the freshwater shrimps. However, in actual culture, gonads of the freshwater shrimps in the intensive culture pond develop slowly, the proportion of the red-shell shrimps is not high, the proportion of the freshwater shrimps to the red-shell shrimps is about 7:3 in 5 months, about 1:1 in 6 months, and about 3:7 in 7 months. Therefore, development of a material for developing gonadotropic glands of crayfish is required.

③ the growth period of the shrimp larvae (8 ten days before month-2 ten days in the middle of month): the gonads of the crayfish (seed shrimp) are completely mature in 8-9 months, the crayfish spawns in 9 months, the hatching peak period of the young shrimp is 10 months, the young shrimp is attached to the abdomen of the female shrimp until the young shrimp grows to 2 middle ten days, and the young shrimp leaves the parent to live freely. For the nutrient substances in the stage, at present, the market mainly has a rich water product and a crushed feed, wherein the rich water product is mainly expected to provide biological feed for the crayfish fries through plankton cultivation, however, the crayfish in the stage mainly relies on the crayfish to obtain the nutrient substances, including food scraps for feeding the crayfish and chyme spitted out by the crayfish, generally has no free life, so the probability of feeding the biological feed and the crushed feed is low. Therefore, the crayfish mother and child feed needs to be developed, nutrient substances are provided for the crayfish through the feeding process of the crayfish, the growth and development of the crayfish are promoted, and the crayfish reaches the sales specification in 2-3 months with higher price. The mother and child materials can also promote the postpartum recovery of the shrimps and are beneficial to protecting the shrimps.

According to the analysis, different breeding stages of the crayfishes are divided, the nutrition levels of the crayfishes are designed, feeds suitable for the different breeding stages of the crayfishes and having different formulas are prepared according to the nutrition levels, and the corresponding feeds are fed in the different breeding stages, so that the problems that the growth speed of the crayfishes and the crayfishes in the crayfish stage is slow, and the gonads in the mature period are slow can be effectively solved.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples below: