阅读说明：本技术 一种茶籽油的精加工工艺 (Tea seed oil finish machining process ) 是由 刘露洁 于 2019-08-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及茶籽油加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种茶籽油的精加工工艺,本发明通过先分别利用磷酸和毛油中的非水化磷脂反应、利用液碱和毛油中的游离脂肪酸进行中和反应生成皂,然后沉降分离,达到去除毛油中磷脂和游离脂肪酸、金属离子的目的,再通过热水洗去油中残留皂脚；在真空状态下,脱去水洗油中的水分,加白土与待脱色油混合,达到脱色、吸附杂质的目的；之后利用叶片过滤机将油中废白土过滤掉；然后在高温、高真空环境下破坏热敏色素,去除残留影响风味的物质,同时进行脂肪酸回收,租后通过给油品降温和过滤的手段将油中析出的蜡质过滤出来,得到成品油,这样精细加工能提高出油率和茶油品质。(The invention relates to the technical field of tea seed oil processing, in particular to a tea seed oil fine processing technology, which comprises the steps of firstly utilizing phosphoric acid to react with non-hydrated phospholipid in crude oil, utilizing liquid caustic soda to perform neutralization reaction with free fatty acid in the crude oil to generate soap, then settling and separating to achieve the purpose of removing phospholipid, free fatty acid and metal ions in the crude oil, and then washing residual soapstock in oil by hot water; under the vacuum state, removing water in the water washing oil, adding white soil and mixing with the oil to be decolored to achieve the purposes of decoloring and adsorbing impurities; then, filtering the waste argil in the oil by using a leaf filter; then destroying the thermal-sensitive pigment in a high-temperature and high-vacuum environment, removing residual substances influencing the flavor, simultaneously recovering fatty acid, filtering out the wax separated out from the oil by means of cooling and filtering the oil product after renting to obtain the finished oil, thus the fine processing can improve the oil yield and the tea oil quality.)

1. A tea seed oil finish machining process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

Acidifying, neutralizing and washing, namely converting non-hydrated phospholipid into hydrated phospholipid by utilizing the reaction of phosphoric acid and non-hydrated phospholipid in the crude oil to form a hydrated phospholipid group which is easy to separate; performing neutralization reaction by using liquid alkali and free fatty acid in the crude oil to generate soap, then performing settling separation to achieve the purpose of removing phospholipid, free fatty acid and metal ions in the crude oil, and washing residual soapstock in the oil by hot water;

Drying and decoloring, removing water in the water washing oil in a vacuum state, adding white soil to mix with the oil to be decolored, and adsorbing pigment, residual nigre, phospholipid, metal ions and the like in the crude oil by using argil in the vacuum state so as to achieve the purposes of decoloring and adsorbing impurities;

Filtering, namely filtering waste argil in the oil by using a blade filter, and physically deacidifying and deodorizing the filtered decolored oil in a deodorizing pot;

Deodorizing, namely destroying the thermal-sensitive pigment in a high-temperature and high-vacuum environment, removing residual substances influencing the flavor, and simultaneously recovering fatty acid to improve the edible quality of the oil product;

Dewaxing, namely cooling the oil product, crystallizing and separating out wax with low melting point in the oil from the oil, and filtering out the wax separated out from the oil by a filtering means to obtain the finished oil.

2. The tea seed oil finishing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step a, the alkali liquor with the concentration of 10BC '-16 BC' and the phosphoric acid with the concentration of 70-85% are prepared in the high-level alkali liquor tank, and the temperature of hot water is 90-100 degrees.

3. The tea seed oil finishing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step a, the acid adding amount is controlled to be 0.05-0.2% of the oil amount; adding and rapidly stirring, controlling the temperature of oil at 60-65 ℃, reacting phosphoric acid for 40 minutes, adding prepared hot water into the oil, finishing adding the hot water within 5 minutes, wherein the amount of the heated water is about 5-10% of the oil amount, reducing the speed to half of the original speed after adding, continuously stirring for about 20 minutes, and standing for about 2-3 hours when oil foot particles are separated out.

4. the tea seed oil finishing process according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step b, the oil temperature is adjusted to be 100-105 ℃, the vacuum degree is adjusted to be 85-95KPa, dehydration is carried out for 60 minutes, water and air are completely removed, the dried oil is added with 1-3% of argil, after full stirring and mixing, the oil temperature is kept at 105-120 ℃, the oil is decolorized for about 30 minutes under the condition of residual pressure of 8KPa, and the oil is cooled to about 70 ℃ and filtered out of the argil by a vibration filter through a decolorization pump.

5. The tea seed oil finishing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step c, closing the steam valve after the decolorization is finished, and cooling the oil to below 70 ℃ and then filtering.

6. the tea seed oil finishing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step d, after the temperature of the oil in the deodorization pot reaches 120 ℃, directly introducing superheated steam, and rolling the crude oil, wherein the steam inlet pressure of the superheated steam cannot be too high, so that the deodorizing oil is not too much rolled; stopping heating when the oil temperature is increased to about 230-240 ℃, then starting heat preservation, keeping a vacuum state, continuously communicating direct superheated steam for deodorization for 3 hours, closing a heat conduction oil inlet and outlet valve 30 minutes before deodorization is stopped, closing a direct steam valve after deodorization, starting a deodorization oil pump, opening a deodorization pot and a cooling water inlet and outlet valve of a spiral plate heat exchanger, and pumping a finished product oil to a finished product oil tank by using the deodorization oil pump when the oil temperature is reduced to below 50 ℃.

7. The tea seed oil finishing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step e, when the temperature of the oil product is reduced to be below 40 ℃, the temperature of the oil product is reduced to 10 ℃ according to the temperature reduction of 3 ℃ per hour, when the temperature of the oil product is reduced to be below 10 ℃, the temperature of the oil product is reduced to 6 ℃ according to the temperature reduction of 0.5 ℃ per hour, the oil temperature is finally kept at about 6 ℃, crystallization and crystal growth are carried out for 6 hours, then filtration is started, and during the crystallization and crystal growth cooling period, each rotating speed is required to be controlled to be 8-15 revolutions per minute.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tea seed oil processing, in particular to a tea seed oil finish machining process.

Background

tea seed oil, also called camellia oil, is obtained from seeds of camellia oleifera trees, is one of the oldest woody plant oils in China, is mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and linolenic acid, is very similar to the composition of olive oil, which is a high-quality plant oil recognized in the world, and has unsaturated fatty acid content higher than that of olive oil, and the physicochemical properties of the tea seed oil are also very similar to those of the olive oil. The conventional oil pressing treatment method is completed by the process steps of artificial drying, natural airing, machine squeezing and the like, and although a better oil yield can be achieved according to the improvement of the quality of each process, the oil yield of the oil tea fruits cannot be stably improved to a greater extent, and the oil tea fruit resources cannot be utilized to a greater extent.

aiming at the defects of the traditional oil pressing technology, the prior art mainly comprises a mechanical hot pressing extraction method and a cold pressing method, the hot pressing method has more equipment and high oil residue rate, active substances such as vitamins and the like are easily damaged due to the traditional high-temperature hot pressing of tea oil, and the extraction method adopts solvent for extraction, so that although the cost is low, the potential safety hazard exists in the tea oil due to the addition of the solvent, and the tea oil is not green; in addition, the refining treatment process in the tea oil processing process has high requirements, and the refining process is also focused, so that the quality of the tea oil prepared from the camellia seeds is still poor, the ideal requirements cannot be met, and the content of the nutritional ingredients of the camellia is still poor.

disclosure of Invention

the invention aims to provide a tea seed oil fine processing technology which has the characteristics of improving the oil yield and the quality of tea seed oil.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a tea seed oil finishing process, which comprises the following steps:

a. Acidifying, neutralizing and washing, namely converting non-hydrated phospholipid into hydrated phospholipid by utilizing the reaction of phosphoric acid and non-hydrated phospholipid in the crude oil to form a hydrated phospholipid group which is easy to separate; performing neutralization reaction by using liquid alkali and free fatty acid in the crude oil to generate soap, then performing settling separation to achieve the purpose of removing phospholipid, free fatty acid and metal ions in the crude oil, and washing residual soapstock in the oil by hot water;

b. Drying and decoloring, removing water in the water-washed oil in a vacuum state, adding white soil to be mixed with the oil to be decolored, and adsorbing pigments, residual soapstock, phospholipid, metal ions and the like in the crude oil by using argil in the vacuum state so as to achieve the purposes of decoloring and adsorbing impurities;

c. Filtering, namely filtering waste argil in the oil by using a blade filter, and physically deacidifying and deodorizing the filtered decolored oil in a deodorizing pot;

d. Deodorizing, namely destroying the thermal-sensitive pigment in a high-temperature and high-vacuum environment, removing residual substances influencing the flavor, and simultaneously recovering fatty acid to improve the edible quality of the oil product;

e. Dewaxing, namely cooling the oil product, crystallizing and separating out wax with low melting point in the oil from the oil, and filtering out the wax separated out from the oil by a filtering means to obtain the finished oil.

further preferably, in the step a, 10BC '-16 BC' concentration alkali liquor and 70-85% phosphoric acid are prepared in the high-level alkali liquor tank, and the temperature of hot water is 90-100 degrees.

More preferably, in the step a, the acid adding amount is controlled to be 0.05-0.2% of the oil amount; adding and rapidly stirring, controlling the temperature of oil at 60-65 ℃, reacting phosphoric acid for 40 minutes, adding prepared hot water into the oil, adding the hot water within 5 minutes, wherein the amount of the heated water is about 5-10% of the oil amount, reducing the speed to half of the original speed after adding, continuously stirring for about 20 minutes, and standing for about 2-3 hours when oil foot particles are separated out.

Preferably, in the step b, the oil temperature is adjusted to 100-105 ℃, the vacuum degree is adjusted to 85-95KPa, the dehydration is carried out for 60 minutes, the water and the air are completely removed, 1-3% of white clay is added into the dried oil, the mixture is fully stirred and mixed, the oil temperature is kept at 105-120 ℃, the decolorization is carried out for about 30 minutes under the condition of residual pressure of 8KPa, and the mixture is cooled to about 70 ℃ and then is filtered out by a vibration filter through a decolorization pump.

Further preferably, in the step c, after the decolorization is finished, the steam valve is closed, and the oil temperature is reduced to below 70 ℃ for filtration.

Preferably, in the step d, after the temperature of the oil in the deodorization pot reaches 120 ℃, direct superheated steam is introduced to roll the crude oil, and the pressure of the superheated steam entering the deodorization pot cannot be too high, so that the deodorization oil is not too much rolled; stopping heating when the oil temperature is increased to about 230-240 ℃, then starting heat preservation, keeping a vacuum state, continuously communicating direct superheated steam for deodorization for 3 hours, closing a heat conduction oil inlet and outlet valve 30 minutes before deodorization is stopped, closing the direct steam valve after deodorization is finished, starting a deodorization oil pump, opening a deodorization pot and a cooling water inlet and outlet valve of a spiral plate heat exchanger, and pumping a finished oil product to a finished oil tank by using the deodorization oil pump when the oil temperature is reduced to below 50 ℃.

Preferably, in the step e, when the temperature of the oil product is reduced to below 40 ℃, the temperature of the oil product is reduced to 10 ℃ according to the temperature reduction of 3 ℃ per hour, when the temperature of the oil product is reduced to below 10 ℃, the temperature of the oil product is reduced to 6 ℃ according to the temperature reduction of 0.5 ℃ per hour, the oil temperature is kept at about 6 ℃ finally, crystallization and crystal growth are carried out for 6 hours, then filtration is started, and during the cooling period of the crystallization and crystal growth, the rotation speed is required to be controlled to be 8-15 revolutions per minute.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention firstly utilizes the reaction of non-hydrated phospholipid in phosphoric acid and crude oil, and utilizes liquid alkali and free fatty acid in the crude oil to carry out neutralization reaction to generate soap, then the soap is settled and separated, the purpose of removing phospholipid, free fatty acid and metal ions in the crude oil is achieved, and then the residual soapstock in the oil is washed by hot water; under the vacuum state, removing water in the washing oil, adding white soil and mixing with the oil to be decolored to achieve the purposes of decoloring and adsorbing impurities; then, filtering the waste argil in the oil by using a leaf filter; then, the thermosensitive pigment is destroyed in a high-temperature and high-vacuum environment, substances which influence the flavor and are remained are removed, meanwhile, the fatty acid is recovered, and after renting, the wax separated out from the oil is filtered out by means of cooling and filtering the oil product to obtain the finished oil, so that the oil yield and the tea oil quality can be improved by fine processing.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.