阅读说明：本技术 一种土壤环境质量监测方法 (Soil environment quality monitoring method ) 是由 吴娟娟 吴涛 邓衍报 于 2019-07-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种土壤环境质量监测方法,属于土壤环境监测技术领域,包括S1、土壤采样选点；S2、土壤的采样和保存；S3、土壤样品预处理；S4、样品溶液制备；S5、样品的检测；S6、检测结果的分析。通过污染源与地下水流向来选择土壤的采样点,确定污染源之后,以画圆的方式选择与地下水流经的路线交点处作为采样点可以分析出地下水对于污染传播的影响,也能确定污染的面积情况,在采样的时候采用上中下三层采样的方法,每个取样点采集三份样品,通过测定和对比三份土壤的污染情况,从而可以分析确定土壤被污染的深度,有助于全面掌握土壤环境的监测。(The invention discloses a soil environment quality monitoring method, which belongs to the technical field of soil environment monitoring and comprises S1 and soil sampling and point selection; s2, sampling and storing soil; s3, pretreating a soil sample; s4, preparing a sample solution; s5, detecting a sample; and S6, analyzing the detection result. The method comprises the steps of selecting a soil sampling point according to the direction of a pollution source and underground water flow, selecting a route intersection point where the soil flows through with the underground water as the sampling point in a circle drawing mode after the pollution source is determined, analyzing the influence of the underground water on pollution propagation, determining the pollution area condition, adopting a method of sampling in an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer during sampling, collecting three samples at each sampling point, and analyzing and determining the polluted depth of the soil by determining and comparing the pollution conditions of the three soil layers, thereby being beneficial to comprehensively mastering the monitoring of the soil environment.)

1. A soil environment quality monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, soil sampling and point selection: selecting a pollution source, drawing a circle on the map within a range of 5-10 kilometers of the radius taking the pollution source as a starting point, comparing the flow direction maps of all branch lines of the underground water, searching an intersection point of a circular side line and each underground water flow path, and determining an intersection point as a sampling point;

S2, sampling and storing soil: removing turf, stones and other impurities on the surface layer before sampling, sampling three parts of soil as samples by using a sampling tool for each intersection point determined in the step S1 in a layering mode of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, performing alkaline storage on the samples by using a sealed and clean plastic bag after the samples are collected, and marking the collection time and numbering on the plastic bag;

s3, soil sample pretreatment: dividing three samples collected at the same place into a group, respectively placing each group of samples in a white magnetic disk, carrying out air drying at a dark and ventilated position, crushing and uniformly pressing soil blocks when the soil blocks reach a semi-dry state, removing plant roots or stones, grinding and sieving to prepare samples into a pattern with the granularity of less than 200 meshes;

s4, preparation of sample solution: pouring the sample sieved in the step S3 into a reagent bottle, adding water, stirring until the solution in the reagent bottle becomes turbid, dropwise adding a digestion reagent into the reagent bottle, and continuously stirring for 5-10 times;

s5, detection of the sample: analyzing the types of anions and cations in the soil by an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, analyzing elements contained in the soil by a glass concentric atomization chamber, and measuring the mercury content of the soil by a mercury detector;

s6, analysis of detection results: and (4) carrying out internal comparison among each group of results of the step S5, analyzing the depth of soil pollution through the data of the three samples of each group, then carrying out comparison among the groups, analyzing the area of the polluted soil, and making a reasonable protection coping policy according to the soil pollution condition.

2. a soil environment quality monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein: the sampling point of the step S1 can not be arranged at the field edge, the ditch edge, the road edge, the fertilizer pile edge, the place where the water and soil loss is serious and the surface soil is damaged.

3. A soil environment quality monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein: the first layer of soil in the step S2 should be collected at a depth of 0-20cm from the surface layer, the second layer of soil should be collected at a depth of 40-200cm from the surface layer, and the third layer of soil should be collected at a depth of 240-300cm from the surface layer.

4. A soil environment quality monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein: the digestion reagent in the step S4 is nitric acid, hydrochloric acid or perchloric acid.

5. a soil environment quality monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein: the elements detected by the glass concentric atomizing chamber in the step S5 are cr, cu, mn, ni, zn, co, pb and cd.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil environment monitoring, in particular to a soil environment quality monitoring method.

Background

At present, along with the continuous enhancement of attention degree of people to soil heavy metal pollution, the related research theories about soil heavy metal monitoring in academic circles are increasing day by day, and different research methods are provided to meet different research requirements. With the continuous development of scientific technology, the soil heavy metal monitoring technology is developed in the directions of being safer, quicker, easier to operate and the like, and finally a set of scientific and systematic monitoring system is formed, so that the continuous development of the soil monitoring technology in China is promoted.

The rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in China brings serious influence on the soil environment, the soil heavy metal pollution events increase year by year, and the soil heavy metal monitoring problem becomes a key problem for the research of the environmental academia. The heavy metal pollution has certain continuity on the damage of the soil, and plants in the soil can be polluted, so that the life and the health of human beings are influenced.

The source of pollution mainly is the waste water that people's life or industry discharged, consequently need carry out the sample research to soil, frequent monitoring soil quality, monitoring methods generally adopts the sample to detect again, but traditional sampling methods generally adopt artificial point selection, and artificial subjective consciousness can influence the rationality of sample, and the point of sample can not directly reflect soil pollution's area and pollution depth, thereby because the sampling point is reasonable inadequately influences follow-up judgement to the pollution condition.

disclosure of Invention

the invention aims to provide a soil environment quality monitoring method for solving the problem that the sampling point cannot be reasonably determined when the soil is sampled by the monitoring method so as to influence the subsequent analysis work.

The invention realizes the aim through the following technical scheme, and a soil environment quality monitoring method comprises the following steps:

s1, soil sampling and point selection: selecting a pollution source, drawing a circle on the map within a range of 5-10 kilometers of the radius taking the pollution source as a starting point, comparing the flow direction maps of all branch lines of the underground water, searching an intersection point of a circular side line and each underground water flow path, and determining an intersection point as a sampling point;

S2, sampling and storing soil: removing turf, stones and other impurities on the surface layer before sampling, sampling three parts of soil as samples by using a sampling tool for each intersection point determined in the step S1 in a layering mode of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, performing alkaline storage on the samples by using a sealed and clean plastic bag after the samples are collected, and marking the collection time and numbering on the plastic bag;

S3, soil sample pretreatment: dividing three samples collected at the same place into a group, respectively placing each group of samples in a white magnetic disk, carrying out air drying at a dark and ventilated position, crushing and uniformly pressing soil blocks when the soil blocks reach a semi-dry state, removing plant roots or stones, grinding and sieving to prepare samples into a pattern with the granularity of less than 200 meshes;

S4, preparation of sample solution: pouring the sample sieved in the step S3 into a reagent bottle, adding water, stirring until the solution in the reagent bottle becomes turbid, dropwise adding a digestion reagent into the reagent bottle, and continuously stirring for 5-10 times;

S5, detection of the sample: analyzing the types of anions and cations in the soil by an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, analyzing elements contained in the soil by a glass concentric atomization chamber, and measuring the mercury content of the soil by a mercury detector;

s6, analysis of detection results: and (4) carrying out internal comparison among each group of results of the step S5, analyzing the depth of soil pollution through the data of the three samples of each group, then carrying out comparison among the groups, analyzing the area of the polluted soil, and making a reasonable protection coping policy according to the soil pollution condition.

Preferably, the sampling point of step S1 cannot be located at the field side, the ditch side, the road side, the fertilizer pile side, the place where water and soil loss is serious and the surface soil is damaged.

Preferably, the first layer of soil of the step S2 should be collected at a depth of 0-20cm from the surface layer, the second layer of soil should be collected at a depth of 40-200cm from the surface layer, and the third layer of soil should be collected at a depth of 240-300cm from the surface layer.

Preferably, the digestion reagent in the step S4 is nitric acid, hydrochloric acid or perchloric acid.

Preferably, the elements detected by the glass concentric atomizing chamber in the step S5 are cr, cu, mn, ni, zn, co, pb and cd.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: selecting a soil sampling point according to the direction of a pollution source and underground water flow, selecting an intersection point of a route through which underground water flows as a sampling point in a circle drawing mode after the pollution source is determined, so that the influence of the underground water on pollution propagation can be analyzed, and the pollution area condition can also be determined; the sample is stored in the alkaline sealed plastic bag, so that the reaction of internal elements caused by the fact that the soil is in contact with oxygen during storage can be prevented, and the authenticity of the soil is guaranteed.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.