阅读说明：本技术 一种偶数边正多边形柱/腔螺旋铣削数控加工控制方法 (Even-number-side regular polygon column/cavity spiral milling numerical control machining control method ) 是由 王朝琴 汪瑞军 刘晓琴 王小荣 罗冠炜 陈德道 何鹏 于 2018-05-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种偶数边正多边形柱/腔螺旋铣削数控加工控制方法,主要包括：对偶数边正多边形柱/腔螺旋铣削数控加工程序进行初始化,并设置相应参数,根据待加工件进行偶数边正多边形柱(腔)边数赋值,并对相应的加工量进行计算；根据对象应加工量的计算结果,运行偶数边正多边形柱/腔螺旋铣削数控加工控制程序。本发明所述偶数边正多边形柱/腔螺旋铣削数控加工控制方法彻底解决CAM软件在处理偶数边正多边形柱/腔螺旋铣削加工过程中出现的零件加工程序太长、数据传输不畅/中断、且不具备适应性的问题,为企业在解决偶数边正多边形柱/腔螺旋铣削数控加工的同时,提高设备利用率和加工效率,增加利润。(the invention discloses a numerical control machining control method for spiral milling of even-number-side regular polygon columns/cavities, which mainly comprises the following steps: initializing a spiral milling numerical control machining program of the even-number-side regular polygon column/cavity, setting corresponding parameters, performing assignment of the number of sides of the even-number-side regular polygon column (cavity) according to a workpiece to be machined, and calculating corresponding machining amount; and running a numerical control machining control program for the spiral milling of the even-number-side regular polygon column/cavity according to the calculation result of the amount of the object to be machined. The method for controlling the spiral milling numerical control processing of the even-side regular polygon column/cavity thoroughly solves the problems that a part processing program is too long, data transmission is not smooth/interrupted, and adaptability is not provided in the process of processing the spiral milling processing of the even-side regular polygon column/cavity by CAM software, improves the equipment utilization rate and processing efficiency, and increases profits while solving the problem of spiral milling numerical control processing of the even-side regular polygon column/cavity by enterprises.)

1. The even-number-side regular polygon column/cavity spiral milling numerical control machining control method is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps of:

a. Initializing an adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining program of the regular polygon column/cavity with even number sides, and setting corresponding parameters of a cutter, a machine tool and a workpiece to be machined;

b. Calculating parameters of relevant points according to corresponding parameters of the regular polygon column/cavity to be processed on the even number side;

c. and according to the calculation result of the corresponding machining amount, operating an even-number-side regular polygon column/cavity adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining program, and after finishing machining the corresponding workpiece to be machined, restoring the corresponding parameters of the cutter and the machine tool to a safe state.

2. The even-sided regular polygonal column/cavity spiral milling numerical control machining control method according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the operation of setting the corresponding parameters of the tool, the machine tool and the workpiece to be machined specifically comprises:

enabling the Z axis of the machine tool to return to zero, and setting a basic value and a coefficient of a feeding speed;

Selecting a cutter and setting the cutter to finish the positive compensation of the length of the cutter;

And (4) assigning the number of the even-number-side regular polygon column/cavity sides, and assigning the shape size, the process size and the processing area of the even-number-side regular polygon column/cavity.

3. the even-sided regular polygonal column/cavity helical milling numerical control machining control method according to claim 2, wherein in step a, the operation of setting the respective parameters of the tool, the machine tool and the workpiece to be machined mainly comprises:

when the workpiece to be processed is an even-number-side regular polygon column, carrying out pose parameter assignment on the even-number-side regular polygon column;

and when the workpiece to be processed is the even-number-edge regular polygon cavity, calculating the coordinate value of the A, B, C, D key point of the even-number-edge regular polygon cavity, and then carrying out pose parameter assignment on the even-number-edge regular polygon cavity.

4. The even-numbered regular polygon column/cavity spiral milling numerical control machining control method according to claim 3, wherein the calculating of the coordinate value of the key point of the even-numbered regular polygon cavity A, B, C, D specifically includes:

when the workpiece to be processed is an even-numbered regular polygonal cavity, the key point coordinates are calculated as follows:

OA＝#2/2-#11-#9；

β＝#15＝Atan(BE/AE)＝Atan(#9/#11)；

AB＝DA＝#16＝BE/sinβ＝#9/sin(#15)

Coordinates of point A:

A＝OA*cos(α/2)＝(#2/2-#11-#9)*cos(#12)＝#14*cos(#12)；

A＝OA*sin(α/2)＝(#2/2-#11-#9)*sin(#12)＝#14*sin(#12)；

B point coordinates are as follows:

B＝A+AB*cos(β+α/2)＝#14*cos(#12)+#9*cos(#15+#12)/sin(#15)；

B＝A+AB*sin(β+α/2)＝#14*sin(#12)+#9*sin(#15+#12)/sin(#15)；

c point coordinate:

C＝OC*cos(#12)＝#2*cos(#12)/2；

C＝OC*sin(#12)＝#2*sin(#12)/2；

D, point coordinates:

D＝A+DA*cos(β+α/2)＝#14*cos(#12)+#16*cos(|#15-#12|)；

When α/2. gtoreq.beta.:

D＝A+DA*cos(β+α/2)＝#14*sin(#12)+#16*sin(|#15-#12|)；

When α/2< β:

D＝A-DA*cos(β+α/2)＝#14*sin(#12)-#16*sin(|#15-#12|)。

5. The even-numbered regular polygon column/cavity spiral milling numerical control processing control method as claimed in claims 1-4, characterized in that the invention can still adapt to by assigning correct values to corresponding parameters when the number of sides, shape size, process size, processing area, tool size and pose of the even-numbered regular polygon column/cavity part change.

6. The even-sided regular polygon column/cavity spiral milling numerical control machining control method according to claim 4, wherein in step c, the operation of restoring the corresponding parameters of the tool and the machine tool to the safe state after completing the machining of the corresponding workpiece to be machined specifically comprises:

and lifting the current cutter to a preset safety height, stopping the main shaft of the machine tool, closing the cooling liquid of the machine tool, and returning the Z axis of the machine tool to a preset reference point.

7. The even-side regular polygon column/cavity spiral milling numerical control machining control method as claimed in claim 1, which is suitable for a vertical boring and milling machine equipped with all numerical control systems having a macro program function.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machining, in particular to a spiral milling numerical control machining control method for an even-number-side regular polygon column/cavity.

Background

even-number-side regular polygon columns/cavities are common typical characteristics in field processing, and when processing the characteristics, processing enterprises adopt a layered milling and layered milling numerical control processing method on the processing strategy at present, so that the processing is easy to realize on programming, but more idle strokes exist, so that the processing efficiency is lower. In contrast, the helical milling method is much more efficient because there is not too much idle stroke.

in a programming mode, programming of even-side regular polygon columns/cavities can be realized no matter automatic programming or manual programming, but at present, even-side regular polygon column/cavity numerical control processing programs obtained through the two programming means have no adaptability, namely the programs cannot adapt to changes of the sides, the shape and the size of a processing object, the process size, the size of a cutter, a processing area and a pose (position and posture), once the contents of the processing object change, the original program fails, a programmer is required to reprogram and input or transmit program codes again, so that on one hand, the labor amount of the programmer is increased, on the other hand, the labor members of enterprises are greatly consumed, and the labor cost is increased.

the spiral milling program for programming the even-number-side regular polygon column/cavity by adopting automatic programming has good advantages, but the generated program code is too long, according to the processing precision and the size of the shape and the size of the regular polygon column/cavity with even number sides, the program code can reach hundreds of lines, thousands of lines or even tens of thousands of lines, for numerical control machine tools with general performance of enterprises, the large amount of codes cannot be stored at all and can only be processed on line, but the transmission of the large amount of codes, it is a great challenge for the numerical control system, and the situation of transmission is often unsmooth or interrupted, so that the processing process is greatly interfered, and the corresponding PC and data line are needed to be configured for on-line transmission, and the price of the automatic programming software is high, which is a capital investment hard to bear by a common enterprise, and the configuration of the programmer also increases the labor cost for the enterprise.

however, the manual programming has not seen a corresponding numerical control method for the spiral machining of the even-side regular polygon column/cavity so far, mainly because the manual programming of the spiral machining of the even-side regular polygon column/cavity is difficult to realize.

In a word, for a very typical part of an even-side regular polygon column/cavity, a high-efficiency novel spiral milling numerical control machining control method with adaptability is developed, so that an enterprise can have adaptability to the number of sides, shape and size, process size, cutter size, machining area and pose of the even-side regular polygon column/cavity on the premise of not purchasing expensive automatic programming software, and the procedure is short, concise and qualified, and becomes a practical requirement of the machining enterprise.

The current automatic programming software (CAM software) is very powerful and can complete the machining programming of very complex parts, but no matter how powerful the automatic programming software is, the programs obtained by the automatic programming software have many problems.

even-sided regular polygon post/cavity part machining programs generated by existing CAM software cannot adapt to side number changes. The even-number-side regular polygon column/cavity numerical control machining program generated by the existing CAM software is generated under the condition of giving a certain specific number of sides, and once the number of sides is changed, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed. As shown in fig. 3, the program generated by the CAM software is for processing octagonal pillars/cavities, and if the processing object becomes a pillar/cavity of 10-sided polygon or 20-sided polygon, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed.

second, even-sided regular polygon post/cavity part machining programs generated by existing CAM software cannot adapt to shape and size changes. The existing numerical control machining program for the even-side regular polygon column/cavity generated by CAM software is generated under the condition of given shape and size (diameter and height of an inscribed circle), and once the shape and size are changed, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed. For example, in a program obtained by automatically programming a 10-sided polygon having an inscribed circle diameter × height of Φ 100mm × 50mm, when the inscribed circle diameter × height is changed to Φ 90mm × 40mm, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed.

And (III) even-side regular polygon column/cavity part machining programs generated by the existing CAM software cannot adapt to process size change. The even-side regular polygon column/cavity numerical control machining program generated by the existing CAM software is generated under the condition of a given process size (such as layer height and the like), and if the process size is changed, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed. For example, when a certain even-side regular polygon column/cavity is originally machined, a program is generated according to the layer height of 5mm, and when the layer height is changed to 3mm, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed.

The numerical control machining program of the even-side regular polygon column/cavity generated by the existing CAM software is generated under the condition of given cutter size, and if the cutter size is changed, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed. For example, when a program generated by a tool with a radius R5mm is used to machine a certain even-sided regular polygon post/cavity, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed when the tool radius becomes 8 mm.

(V) even-side regular polygon column/cavity part machining programs generated by the existing CAM software cannot adapt to machining area changes. The even-side regular polygon column/cavity numerical control machining program generated by the existing CAM software is generated under the condition of a given machining area, and if the machining area is changed, the original program fails. Requiring reprogramming. For example, if a certain even-sided regular polygon column/cavity is machined originally, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed according to the program programmed for the machining as a whole when the machining area becomes half the machining height.

And (VI) the even-side regular polygon column/cavity part machining program generated by the existing CAM software cannot adapt to the position and posture change of a machined object. The even-side regular polygon column/cavity numerical control machining program generated by the existing CAM software is generated under the condition of a given pose, and if the pose of a machining object is changed, the original program fails. Requiring reprogramming. For example, when an even-numbered regular polygon post/cavity with a certain pose is originally machined, if the pose is changed, the original program fails and needs to be reprogrammed.

manual programming is divided into constant manual programming and macroprogramming. The manual programming has not solved the problem of the spiral milling numerical control processing control of even number side regular polygon column/cavity so far.

The constant hand-programmed procedure has the same drawbacks as the CAM software, but for even-sided regular polygonal post/cavity spiral milling, it is impossible for the programmer to obtain the procedure by constant hand-programming because the programmer cannot calculate the coordinates of such a large number of spatial points.

the macro program can theoretically solve the problem of numerical control machining control of even-side regular polygon column/cavity spiral milling, but no relevant documents and patents are found until now.

Disclosure of Invention

the invention aims to solve the problems, develop a numerical control processing control method for spiral milling of an even-side regular polygon column/cavity, obtain a short and bold part processing program which can be stored in a numerical control machine tool, and enable the part processing program to have adaptability to the number of sides, shape size, process size, cutter size, processing area and pose of the even-side regular polygon column/cavity, so that the problems that the part processing program is too long, data transmission is not smooth/interrupted and the part processing program does not have adaptability in the process of processing spiral milling of the even-side regular polygon column/cavity by CAM software are solved thoroughly.

In order to realize the angry land, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a numerical control machining control method for even-number-side regular polygon column/cavity spiral milling mainly comprises the following steps:

a. Initializing a numerical control machining control program for spiral milling of the regular polygon column/cavity on the even number side, and setting corresponding parameters of a cutter, a machine tool and a workpiece to be machined;

b. Calculating corresponding machining amount according to the selected type of the cutter and corresponding parameters of the workpiece to be machined;

c. And according to the calculation result of the corresponding machining amount, operating a numerical control machining program for the spiral milling of the regular polygon column/cavity with the even number of sides, and recovering the corresponding parameters of the cutter and the machine tool to a safe state after finishing machining the corresponding workpiece to be machined.

Further, the operations of setting the respective parameters of the tool, the machine tool and the piece to be worked in step a collectively comprise:

Selecting a cutter and setting the cutter to finish the positive compensation of the length of the cutter; here, the positive compensation of the tool length is a function of the numerical control system itself, and the programmer can realize the tool length compensation only by calling.

further, in step b, the calculating the corresponding machining amount according to the type of the tool and the corresponding parameter of the workpiece to be machined specifically includes:

1. processing of even-number-side regular polygon column

the tool path of the even-number-side regular polygon adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining control method is shown in fig. 4, and in the machining process, the height of the tool needs to be lowered by one spiral height in the height direction by circling a circle, and the height difference between any two adjacent vertexes is equal.

The control of the tool path in the XY plane is shown in fig. 5. The cutter starts from A, runs to B point, cuts into the workpiece to C1 point, the C1 point is the starting point of a spiral pitch in height, and clockwise mills to C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 and C1 points in turn, and the height of each vertex relative to the last vertex is reduced by the following value: the helical pitch/number of sides, after one revolution, reaches point C1, the cutter is lowered in height by one helical pitch.

2. Machining of regular polygon cavities with even number sides

The tool path of the even-number-side regular polygon adaptive spiral milling numerical control machining control method is shown in fig. 6, and in the machining process, the height of the tool needs to be lowered by one spiral height in the height direction by circling a circle, and the height difference between any two adjacent vertexes is equal.

the control of the tool path in the XY plane is shown in fig. 7. The cutter starts from A, runs to B point, cuts into the workpiece to C point, the C1 point is a starting point of a spiral pitch in height, and clockwise mills to C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 and C1 points, and the height of each vertex relative to the previous vertex is reduced by the following value: the helical pitch/number of sides, after one revolution, reaches point C1, the cutter is lowered in height by one helical pitch.

in the programming mode, the polar coordinate mode is adopted for programming in the process of rounding from C1-C8, and the rectangular coordinate mode is adopted for programming straight line segments AB and AD and circular arc segments BC and CD.

the calculation of the correlation points is shown in fig. 8.

The polygon inscribed circle has a diameter of #2 and a center angle of #13, the OC connecting line has an angle #12 to #13/2 with the X axis, and the distance from the origin to each vertex Ci (i is 1,2, …, #1+1) is #2/(2cos (# 12)).

OA＝#2/2-#11-#9 (1)

β＝#15＝Atan(BE/AE)＝Atan(#9/#11) (2)

AB＝DA＝#16＝BE/sinβ＝#9/sin(#15) (3)

coordinates of point A:

A＝OA*cos(α/2)＝(#2/2-#11-#9)*cos(#12)＝#14*cos(#12) (4)

A＝OA*sin(α/2)＝(#2/2-#11-#9)*sin(#12)＝#14*sin(#12) (5)

b point coordinates are as follows:

B＝A+AB*cos(β+α/2)＝#14*cos(#12)+#9*cos(#15+#12)/sin(#15) (6)

B＝A+AB*sin(β+α/2)＝#14*sin(#12)+#9*sin(#15+#12)/sin(#15) (7)

C point coordinate:

C＝OC*cos(#12)＝#2*cos(#12)/2 (8)

C＝OC*sin(#12)＝#2*sin(#12)/2 (9)

d, point coordinates:

D＝A+DA*cos(β+α/2)＝#14*cos(#12)+#16*cos(|#15-#12|) (10)

when α/2. gtoreq.beta.:

D＝A+DA*cos(β+α/2)＝#14*sin(#12)+#16*sin(|#15-#12|) (11)

when α/2< β:

D＝A-DA*cos(β+α/2)＝#14*sin(#12)-#16*sin(|#15-#12|) (12)

The coordinates are programmed, point A, B, C, D is determined by the coordinates of the rectangular coordinate system, and the vertex Ci (i is 1,2, …, #1+ 1).

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1a is a schematic view of an even-numbered regular polygon bar;

FIG. 1b an even-sided regular polygonal cavity;

FIG. 2 is an even-sided regular polygon profile;

FIG. 3a automatic programming process for even-sided regular polygon column

FIG. 3b is an automatic programming process for an even-sided regular polygonal cavity;

FIG. 4a is a view of a regular polygon pillar with even-numbered sides

FIG. 4b view of even-numbered regular polygon column spiral milling V-ISO

FIG. 4c helical milling XY view

FIG. 4d helical milling XZ View

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a path control of an even-numbered regular polygonal column adaptive spiral milling finishing tool;

FIG. 6a regular polygonal chamber with even number sides

FIG. 6b view of even-numbered regular polygonal cavity spiral milling V-ISO

FIG. 6c XY view for helical milling of even-numbered regular polygonal cavity

FIG. 6d view of even-numbered regular polygonal cavity helical milling XZ

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of path control of an adaptive spiral milling finishing tool for a regular polygon cavity with even number sides;

FIG. 8 is a calculation of relevant points of adaptive spiral milling finish machining of even-numbered regular polygonal cavities;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a numerical control machining method for spiral milling of a regular polygon column with even number sides;

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a numerical control machining method for spiral milling of even-numbered regular polygonal cavities;

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of an even-sided regular polygon post/chamber implementation;

FIG. 12a is a 3D view of a general pose helical milling finishing tool path for an even-sided regular polygon post;

FIG. 12b is an XY view of a general pose spiral milling finishing tool path for an even-numbered regular polygon post;

FIG. 12c a general pose helical milling finishing toolrail XZ view of an even-sided regular polygon post.

FIG. 13a is a 3D view of a general pose spiral milling finishing tool path for an even-numbered regular polygonal cavity;

FIG. 13b is an XY view of a general pose spiral milling finishing tool path in a regular polygon cavity with even number sides;

FIG. 13c a general pose helical milling finishing tool rail XZ view of an even-numbered regular polygonal cavity.

Detailed Description