阅读说明：本技术 一种苜蓿干草高水分打捆方法 (High-moisture bundling method for alfalfa hay ) 是由 郭旭生 许冬梅 柯文灿 于 2019-09-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种苜蓿干草高水分打捆方法,属于干草防霉技术领域。本发明通过将不同含水量的高水分苜蓿分别打捆成小方捆和大方捆,并在打捆前喷洒防霉剂,能够有效保存苜蓿中的营养物质,并抑制有害菌的生长繁殖。实施例结果表明,使用本发明提供的苜蓿干草高水分打捆方法,所得大方捆的蛋白含量为214.21g/kg,相比于对照组提高了1.37％,霉菌含量仅为5.16log<Sub>10</Sub>cfu/g,相比于对照组降低了13.28％；小方捆的蛋白含量为125.36g/kg,相比于对照组提高了12.4％,霉菌含量仅为4.77log<Sub>10</Sub>cfu/g,相比于对照组降低了15.7％。(10 10 The invention provides a high-moisture bundling method of alfalfa dry grass, which belongs to the technical field of hay mildew prevention and comprises the steps of bundling high-moisture alfalfa with different water contents into small and large square bundles respectively, spraying a mildew preventive before bundling, effectively preserving nutrients in the alfalfa, and inhibiting growth and propagation of harmful bacteria.)

1. a high-moisture bundling method for alfalfa hay is characterized by comprising the following steps:

When the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 20 wt.% and less than or equal to 30 wt.%, spraying a mildew preventive on the high-moisture alfalfa hay and bundling the high-moisture alfalfa hay into small square bundles, wherein the small square bundles are 40 x (40-50) x (70-90) cm in size;

and when the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 16 wt.% and less than 20 wt.%, spraying a mildew preventive on the high-moisture alfalfa hay and bundling the high-moisture alfalfa hay into a large square bundle, wherein the size of the large square bundle is 90 x (120-130) x (180-220) cm.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising pre-treating the alfalfa prior to baling, the pre-treating comprising the steps of:

And (4) sequentially cutting and airing the alfalfa to obtain the high-moisture alfalfa hay.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the method of mowing is: the 1 st mowing is carried out from the initial flowering phase to the full flowering phase of the alfalfa, then is mowed once every 30-35 days, and is mowed for the last time 20-30 days before the first frost phase; the height of the stubble left after the 1 st to 4 th mowing is 5-7 cm, the height of the stubble left after the last mowing is 10-15 cm, and the height of the stubble left after the rest mowing is 7-9 cm.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the airing method is: exposing the cut alfalfa in the sun in sunny weather to obtain pre-aired high-moisture alfalfa hay;

and (3) turning and drying the pre-dried high-moisture alfalfa hay in the morning or at night to obtain the high-moisture alfalfa hay.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the exposure time is 4-5 hours, and the moisture content of the pre-aired high-moisture alfalfa hay is 40 wt.%; the number of tedding is 1.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mildew preventive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 440-505 parts of ammonium propionate; 20-50 parts of propylene glycol.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is greater than or equal to 25 wt.% and less than or equal to 30 wt.%, the amount of the mildew preventive sprayed is 6L/ton;

When the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 20 wt.% and less than 25 wt.%, the spraying amount of the mildew preventive is 4L/ton;

When the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 16 wt.% and less than 20 wt.%, the spraying amount of the mildew preventive is 2L/ton.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising packaging and storing the baled square bale after the baling is completed.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the storage is by open air stacking or grass canopy stocking.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hay mildew prevention, in particular to a high-moisture bundling method for alfalfa hay.

Background

Controlling moisture is an important step in the process of making hay. Too low water content can cause a great amount of grass leaves to fall off, thereby causing loss of nutrient substances and economic loss, while too high water content can easily cause mildewing and deterioration in the storage process. In order to solve the problem of controlling the moisture in the process of making hay, it is necessary to develop a bundling method which can preserve more nutrients and prevent the hay from going moldy and going bad.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a high moisture baling method for alfalfa hay, which can reduce the loss of nutrients during the baling process and has good anti-mildew effect.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a high-moisture bundling method for alfalfa dry grass, which comprises the following steps:

When the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 20 wt.% and less than or equal to 30 wt.%, spraying a mildew preventive on the high-moisture alfalfa hay and bundling the high-moisture alfalfa hay into small square bundles, wherein the small square bundles are 40 x (40-50) x (70-90) cm in size;

And when the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 16 wt.% and less than 20 wt.%, spraying a mildew preventive on the high-moisture alfalfa hay and bundling the high-moisture alfalfa hay into a large square bundle, wherein the size of the large square bundle is 90 x (120-130) x (180-220) cm.

preferably, before bundling, the method further comprises a pretreatment of the alfalfa, wherein the pretreatment comprises the following steps:

and (4) sequentially cutting and airing the alfalfa to obtain the high-moisture alfalfa hay.

Preferably, the mowing method comprises the following steps: the 1 st mowing is carried out from the initial flowering phase to the full flowering phase of the alfalfa, then is mowed once every 30-35 days, and is mowed for the last time 20-30 days before the first frost phase; the height of the stubble left after the 1 st to 4 th mowing is 5-7 cm, the height of the stubble left after the last mowing is 10-15 cm, and the height of the stubble left after the rest mowing is 7-9 cm.

Preferably, the airing method comprises the following steps: exposing the cut alfalfa in the sun in sunny weather to obtain pre-aired high-moisture alfalfa hay;

and (3) turning and drying the pre-dried high-moisture alfalfa hay in the morning or at night to obtain the high-moisture alfalfa hay.

Preferably, the exposure time is 4-5 h, and the moisture content of the pre-aired high-moisture alfalfa hay is 40 wt.%; the number of tedding is 1.

Preferably, the mildew preventive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 440-505 parts of ammonium propionate; 20-50 parts of propylene glycol.

Preferably, when the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 25 wt.% and less than or equal to 30 wt.%, the spraying amount of the mildew preventive is 6L/ton;

When the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 20 wt.% and less than 25 wt.%, the spraying amount of the mildew preventive is 4L/ton;

When the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 16 wt.% and less than 20 wt.%, the spraying amount of the mildew preventive is 2L/ton.

Preferably, after the bundling is completed, the method further comprises packaging and storing the bundled square bundle.

Preferably, the storage mode is open stacking or grass shed stacking.

_{10 10}The invention provides a high-moisture bundling method for alfalfa hay, which comprises the steps of spraying a mildew preventive on the high-moisture alfalfa hay when the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 20 wt.% and less than or equal to 30 wt.%, bundling the high-moisture alfalfa hay into small square bundles, wherein the small square bundles are 40 x (40-50) x (70-90) cm, preferably 40 x 70cm, and spraying the mildew preventive on the high-moisture alfalfa hay when the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 16 wt.% and less than 20 wt.%, bundling the large square bundles with the size of 90 x (120-130) x (180-220) cm, preferably 90 x 120 x 180 cm., wherein the high-moisture alfalfa with different moisture contents is bundled into small square bundles and large square bundles, the mildew preventive is sprayed before bundling, nutrient substances in the alfalfa can be effectively preserved, growth and propagation of harmful bacteria is inhibited, and the embodiment result shows that the high-moisture content of the alfalfa hay is increased by 3975 g/7 g compared with the control group, the control group is increased by 3912 g/19 g, compared with the control group which is increased by 3.7 g/19 g, compared with the control group which is increased by 3 g, and the control group which is increased by 3 g/19 g, compared with the control group which is increased by 3.7 g.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a high-moisture bundling method for alfalfa dry grass, which comprises the following steps:

when the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 20 wt.% and less than or equal to 30 wt.%, spraying a mildew preventive on the high-moisture alfalfa hay and bundling the high-moisture alfalfa hay into small square bundles, wherein the small square bundles are 40 x (40-50) x (70-90) cm in size;

And when the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 16 wt.% and less than 20 wt.%, spraying a mildew preventive on the high-moisture alfalfa hay and bundling the high-moisture alfalfa hay into a large square bundle, wherein the size of the large square bundle is 90 x (120-130) x (180-220) cm.

Before bundling, the invention also preferably comprises the step of pretreating the alfalfa, wherein the pretreatment comprises the following steps:

And (4) sequentially cutting and airing the alfalfa to obtain the high-moisture alfalfa hay.

In the present invention, the mowing method is preferably: the 1 st mowing is carried out from the initial flowering phase to the full flowering phase of the alfalfa, then is mowed once every 30-35 days, and is mowed for the last time 20-30 days before the first frost phase; the height of the stubble left after the 1 st to 4 th mowing is 5-7 cm, the height of the stubble left after the last mowing is 10-15 cm, and the height of the stubble left after the rest mowing is 7-9 cm.

The alfalfa is preferably mowed under sunny weather conditions, equipment used for the mowed is preferably a rotary or reciprocating mower, and the mower has a flattening function; the invention preferably selects the lawn mowers with different sizes according to the sizes of the alfalfa grasslands. The present invention preferably inspects and adjusts the machine prior to mowing.

In the present invention, the airing method is preferably: exposing the cut alfalfa in the sun in sunny weather to obtain pre-aired high-moisture alfalfa hay;

And (3) turning and drying the pre-dried high-moisture alfalfa hay in the morning or at night to obtain the high-moisture alfalfa hay.

In the invention, the time of exposure to the sun is preferably 4-5 h, and more preferably 4.5 h; the moisture content of the pre-aired high-moisture alfalfa hay is preferably 40 wt.%. The invention can quickly evaporate the water in the fresh alfalfa through insolation, and quickly reduces the water content from over 75 wt.% to 40 wt.%. Before exposure to the sun, the invention preferably lays the mown alfalfa in situ or in a dry field into swath grass blocks. The invention has no special requirements on the length and the width of the strip-shaped grass block and can be designed according to the actual condition of an exposure field.

In the invention, the number of times of tedding is preferably 1; the invention has no special requirement on the tedding time, and can ensure that the moisture of the alfalfa hay meets the requirement. The invention can slowly and uniformly evaporate the water in the pre-aired high-moisture alfalfa hay by turning over and drying in the sun, and the water is reduced from the original 40 wt.% to below 30 wt.%, so that the high-moisture alfalfa hay meeting the bundling requirement is obtained. The invention has no special requirement on the tedding method, and the tedding method well known to those skilled in the art can be used, and when the tedding is carried out, the pre-aired high-moisture alfalfa dry grass ridges are preferably formed into grass rows, and the width of the grass rows is preferably the same as the picking width of a bundling machine for bundling. The water content of the alfalfa hay can be controlled to be 16-30 wt% by cutting and airing the alfalfa.

When the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 20 wt.% and less than or equal to 30 wt.%, spraying a mildew preventive on the high-moisture alfalfa hay and bundling the high-moisture alfalfa hay into small square bundles, wherein the size of each small square bundle is 40 x (40-50) x (70-90) cm, and preferably 40 x 70 cm;

when the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 16 wt.% and less than 20 wt.%, the high-moisture alfalfa hay is sprayed with the mildew preventive and bundled into a large square bundle, and the size of the large square bundle is 90 x (120-130) x (180-220) cm, preferably 90 x 120 x 180 cm.

In the invention, the mildew preventive preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass: 440-505 parts of ammonium propionate and 20-50 parts of propylene glycol; more preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass: 450-500 parts of ammonium propionate and 30-40 parts of propylene glycol. In the invention, the mildew preventive takes ammonium propionate as a main component, has good sterilization and corrosion prevention performance, and reduces the number of harmful microorganisms in hay; the propylene glycol is used as a solvent and an antifreezing agent, so that the mildew preventive can normally play a role under a low-temperature condition.

In the invention, when the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 25 wt.% and less than or equal to 30 wt.%, the spraying amount of the mildew preventive is preferably 6L/ton; when the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 20 wt.% and less than 25 wt.%, the spraying amount of the mildew preventive is preferably 4L/ton; when the moisture content of the high-moisture alfalfa hay is more than or equal to 16 wt.% and less than 20 wt.%, the spraying amount of the mildew preventive is preferably 2L/ton. The invention can make the mildew preventive fully play a role by controlling the dosage of the mildew preventive, and effectively inhibit the growth and the propagation of harmful bacteria.

The invention preferably uses a bundling machine for bundling; the invention has no special requirements on the specific operation mode of bundling, and can use the bundling mode well known by the technical personnel in the field. According to the method, the high-moisture alfalfa with different water contents is bundled into small square bundles and large square bundles respectively, so that the nutrient substances in the alfalfa can be effectively preserved, and the growth and propagation of harmful bacteria are inhibited.

After the bundling is finished, the invention also comprises the step of packaging and storing the bundled square bundle. In the present invention, the packaging method is preferably a plastic bag packaging method, and the present invention does not require any particular type of plastic bag for packaging, and the plastic bag may be packaged using a plastic bag of a type well known to those skilled in the art.

prior to said storing, the present invention preferably stacks said alfalfa bales in rectangular or circular stacks. When stacking, a ventilation gap is reserved between the alfalfa square bundles so as to disperse moisture, and the bottom square bundles cannot be in direct contact with the ground, so that water immersion is avoided. The invention has no special requirement on the height of the stack and can be designed correspondingly according to the storage environment.

in the present invention, the storage is preferably performed in open air stacking or grass shed stocking. When the storage is open air stacking, the invention preferably selects a flat dry, well drained, leeward site, preferably with rain protection and rodenticide.

When the storage mode is grass shed storage, the rain-proof and sun-proof grass shed is preferably used, and the alfalfa haystack is preferably kept a certain distance from the shed roof, so that ventilation is facilitated.

The method for high moisture baling alfalfa dry grass according to the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.