阅读说明：本技术 一种醇水分离装置 (Alcohol-water separation device ) 是由 张晓岭 刘骏尘 祝研 刘青 于 2018-05-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种醇水分离装置,所述装置由塔釜、蒸馏塔、转动轴、旋转带、电动马达、测温装置、冷凝器构成,所述蒸馏塔顶端与冷凝器相连,并具有一用于测温的热电偶；塔釜为三口瓶,分别接塔体、温度计和玻璃塞；回流阀用继电器和电磁阀控制,在蒸馏塔顶端取样；塔釜采用电加热形式,塔身具有一真空玻璃夹层用于保温,冷凝器采用水冷至室温；旋转带采用螺旋式设计。分离时打开进料口,加入待分离原料,检查各接口密封性,通入冷却用自来水后,对塔釜进行加热,当塔顶温度高于分离液中低沸点的物质时全回流,当塔顶温度小于等于分离液中低沸点物质的温度时收集,最终由收集瓶和塔釜分别收集得到两种高纯度物质。本发明优点为分离效率高、压降小。(The invention discloses an alcohol-water separation device, which consists of a tower kettle, a distillation tower, a rotating shaft, a rotating belt, an electric motor, a temperature measuring device and a condenser, wherein the top end of the distillation tower is connected with the condenser and is provided with a thermocouple for measuring temperature; the tower kettle is a three-mouth bottle which is respectively connected with the tower body, a thermometer and a glass plug; the reflux valve is controlled by a relay and an electromagnetic valve, and samples are taken at the top end of the distillation tower; the tower kettle adopts an electric heating mode, the tower body is provided with a vacuum glass interlayer for heat preservation, and the condenser adopts water cooling to room temperature; the rotating belt is designed in a spiral manner. And opening a feeding hole during separation, adding raw materials to be separated, checking the tightness of each interface, heating the tower kettle after introducing tap water for cooling, fully refluxing when the temperature of the tower top is higher than that of substances with low boiling points in the separation liquid, collecting when the temperature of the tower top is lower than or equal to that of the substances with low boiling points in the separation liquid, and finally respectively collecting by a collecting bottle and the tower kettle to obtain two high-purity substances. The invention has the advantages of high separation efficiency and small pressure drop.)

1. An alcohol-water separation device comprises a tower kettle, a distillation tower, a rotating shaft, a rotating belt, an electric motor, a temperature measuring device and a condenser. The separation method comprises the following steps: the reagent to be separated is placed in a tower kettle, the evaporated steam rises to enter a distillation tower, and then is condensed at a condenser, and the distillation tower is provided with a rotary belt with a certain special shape to scrape the wall surface. During distillation, the rotating belt rotates at high speed in the hollow tower, and continuously acts on ascending steam and descending liquid in the tower, so that gas and liquid are continuously and tightly contacted, and sufficient quality and energy are transferred. In the tower, the volatile components are continuously gasified to form ascending steam, and the ascending steam is condensed by a condenser at the top of the tower and then is extracted; the non-volatile components are continuously liquefied to form a descending liquid phase, and finally are gathered in the tower kettle.

2. the alcohol-water separation device of claim 1, wherein the device is provided with a tower kettle for placing the sample, and the tower kettle is a three-mouth bottle tower kettle.

3. The alcohol-water separation device according to claim 1, wherein the device is a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of the sample in the column bottom, and the device is a thermometer or a thermocouple.

4. The apparatus for separating alcohol from water according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus has a distillation column for separating a sample, the column being connected to a column bottom.

5. The apparatus for separating alcohol and water according to claim 1, wherein the distillation column has a rotating belt for separating the sample, the rotating belt is made of metal or polytetrafluoroethylene and has a spiral shape, and the rotating belt is closely attached to the inner wall of the distillation column.

6. The alcohol-water separation device according to claim 1, wherein the top of the distillation column is provided with a hole for placing the temperature measuring device.

7. The alcohol-water separation device of claim 1, wherein a reflux device is arranged at the top of the distillation tower, a valve is used for controlling a reflux valve, and the device is an electromagnetic valve, a needle valve or the like.

8. The apparatus for separating alcohol from water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the apparatus has a condenser connected to the top of the distillation column and cooled by water cooling.

9. The apparatus for separating alcohol and water according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus has a vacuum insulation layer for insulation of the distillation column.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus has an electric motor for rotating the rotary belt.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of chemical separation, in particular to a technology for separating an azeotropic mixture of alcohol and water.

Background

The alcohol compound is affected by hydroxyl group, and there is intermolecular hydrogen bond, and in water, there is also hydrogen bond between alcohol molecule and water molecule. Therefore, their physical properties are greatly different from those of the corresponding hydrocarbons. Mainly represented by high melting point, certain solubility in water and the like. Generally, lower alcohols are more water soluble and methanol, ethanol and propanol are miscible with water in any ratio. Alcohol is an important industrial chemical material, for example, ethanol is a flammable, volatile, colorless and transparent liquid at normal temperature and normal pressure, has low toxicity, and can be mutually dissolved with water in any ratio. The material ethanol is prepared by fermenting crops, and is further purified into absolute ethanol. The preparation of the absolute ethyl alcohol usually adopts a rectification method, but the ethyl alcohol solution becomes an azeotropic solution when reaching 95.6 percent, and further purification is carried out by adopting a rectification method, the process is complex, the energy consumption is high, and the pollution is serious, for example, a vacuum rectification and molecular rectification mode is adopted, but the method still has the defect of low separation coefficient.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for separating alcohol and water, which can improve the separation coefficient and reduce the isotope effect.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A method for separating alcohol from water adopts a distillation device consisting of a tower kettle, a distillation tower, a rotating shaft, a rotating belt, an electric motor, a temperature measuring device and a condenser to realize azeotropic distillation and separation of a mixture consisting of alcohol and water. The separation method comprises the following steps: the reagent to be separated is placed in a tower kettle, the evaporated steam rises to enter a distillation tower, and then is condensed at a condenser, and the distillation tower is provided with a rotary belt with a certain special shape to scrape the wall surface. During distillation, the rotating belt rotates at high speed in the hollow tower, and continuously acts on ascending steam and descending liquid in the tower, so that gas and liquid are continuously and tightly contacted, and sufficient quality and energy are transferred. In the tower, the volatile components are continuously gasified to form ascending steam, and the ascending steam is condensed by a condenser at the top of the tower and then is extracted; the non-volatile components are continuously liquefied to form a descending liquid phase, and finally are gathered in the tower kettle.

As an improvement of the invention, the tower kettle for the alcohol-water separation device is a three-mouth bottle tower kettle.

As an improvement of the invention, the temperature measuring device for the alcohol-water separation device is a thermometer or a thermocouple.

As a further improvement of the invention, the alcohol-water separation device distillation tower is connected with the tower bottom.

as a further improvement of the invention, the distillation tower is provided with a rotating belt used for separating the sample, the rotating belt is made of metal or polytetrafluoroethylene and is in a spiral shape, and the rotating belt is closely attached to the inner wall of the distillation tower.

As a still further improvement of the invention, the top of the distillation tower is provided with a pore channel for placing the temperature measuring device.

As a further improvement of the invention, the top of the distillation tower is provided with a reflux device, a valve is adopted to control a reflux valve, and the device is an electromagnetic valve or a needle valve and the like.

As a further improvement of the invention, the alcohol-water separation device is provided with a condenser which is connected with the top of the distillation tower and is cooled by adopting a water cooling mode.

As a still further improvement of the invention, the alcohol-water separation device is provided with a vacuum insulation layer for insulation of the distillation tower.

As a further improvement of the invention, the alcohol-water separation device is provided with an electric motor which is used for driving the rotating belt to rotate.

In the invention, a sealing element is inserted into the upper end of the condenser, the rotating shaft is connected and sealed with the upper port of the condenser, the rotating shaft passes through a plug and is connected with a rotating belt, and the plug can be nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene or adopts magnetic sealing. The distillation tower has a rotating belt capable of rotating at high speed, which may be metal or PTFE and may be spiral in shape, and the rotating belt is closely adhered to the inner wall of the distillation tower. A port was provided at the top of the fractionation zone of the distillation column to receive a thermometer for measuring the vapor temperature at that point. A thermocouple may be used instead of the thermometer. The reflux valve of the distillation device is controlled by a valve, and can be an electromagnetic valve, a needle valve or the like. At the top end of the distillation column there is an electric motor connected to the rotating belt by a rotating shaft, which rotates in the same direction as the thrust of the rotating belt and downwards, thus facilitating the descent of the liquid along its downward path.

compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The invention is directed to equipment for separating alcohol from water, and the equipment is not available in China;

(2) In the invention, the separation is carried out by adopting a rotating belt distillation method, and the pressure drop is smaller than that of the conventional rectification in a packing or tower plate mode.

(3) In the invention, the steam of the alcohol water is separated by adopting the rotating belt distillation tower, the distillation tower has smaller volume, the rotating belt sheet can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the refluxing liquid on the rotating belt is thrown onto the tower wall by the high-speed rotation of the rotating belt in the distillation process, and meanwhile, the rotating belt scrapes the inner wall of the tower, so that the refluxing liquid on the tower wall forms a liquid film, the liquid holdup in the tower is very low, and small batches of samples can be treated.

(4) In the invention, the distillation belt in the distillation tower rotates at high speed, so that the number of theoretical plates in the limited height in the tower is low, and the separation efficiency is improved.

Drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a piping system in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the method adopts a distillation apparatus composed of a column bottom 1, a distillation column 2, a rotating shaft (not numbered in the figure), a rotating belt 3, an electric motor 4, a temperature measuring device 5 and a condenser 6, and is used for separating a mixture of alcohol and water by azeotropic distillation.

Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the distillation column 2 used in the experiment may have a height of 750mm, a tube wall inner diameter of 50mm, a top end of the distillation column 2 connected to the condenser 6, a bottom end of the distillation column 2 connected to the bottom of the distillation column 1 and having a thermocouple 51 for measuring temperature, the thermocouple 51 being placed in a hole formed at a top of the distillation column 2, and the length of the rotating belt 3 covering the condenser 6 and the distillation column 2; the tower kettle 1 is a three-mouth bottle of 250ml and is respectively connected with a tower body, a thermometer 52 and a glass plug 7; the reflux valve 8 is controlled by a relay and an electromagnet and can be an electromagnetic valve or a needle valve and the like; sampling at the top end of the distillation tower 2; the tower kettle 1 adopts an electric heating mode, the tower body is provided with a vacuum glass interlayer for heat preservation, and the condenser 6 adopts water cooling to room temperature; the rotating belt 3 adopts a spiral design, the inner walls of the distillation towers are tightly attached together, and the number of tower plates is 70.

The separation process comprises the following steps: continuing to refer to fig. 1, opening a feed inlet of a glass plug 7, adding a raw material to be separated, checking the sealing performance of each interface, introducing running water for cooling, switching on a heating power supply to heat the tower kettle 1, totally refluxing when the temperature of the tower top is higher than that of substances with low boiling points in the separation liquid, arranging an electric motor 4 at the top end of the distillation tower 2, connecting the electric motor 4 with a rotating belt 3 through a rotating shaft, wherein the rotating direction of the electric motor is the same as the thrust of the rotating belt 3, and the electric motor faces downwards to facilitate the liquid to descend along a downward path, collecting when the temperature of the tower top is lower than or equal to that of the substances with low boiling points in the separation liquid, and finally collecting two high-purity substances by a collecting bottle 9 and the tower.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.