阅读说明：本技术 一种锻挤设备和方法 (Forging and extruding equipment and method ) 是由 刘雪峰 吴腾健 胡启航 于 2019-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种锻挤设备和方法,属于塑性成形技术领域。该锻挤设备,其特征在于,由锻挤机构、加热送料系统和液压系统组成,所述锻挤机构包括机架、液压主缸、锻挤轴、横梁、模具支撑、锻挤筒、模具和锻挤筒移动油缸；所述加热送料系统包括支撑座、加热设备、测温仪、水平推料系统和竖直送料系统；所述液压系统包括电机、液压油泵、油箱和液压阀集成块。本发明解决了传统挤压过程中挤压力不足、制品质量难以满足更高使用要求、不易成形大断面制品以及连续挤压成形制品的焊缝质量较低和断面偏小等问题,特别适用于难加工、大断面制品的连续锻挤成形。(The invention discloses forging and extruding equipment and a forging and extruding method, and belongs to the technical field of plastic forming. The forging and extruding equipment is characterized by comprising a forging and extruding mechanism, a heating and feeding system and a hydraulic system, wherein the forging and extruding mechanism comprises a rack, a hydraulic main cylinder, a forging and extruding shaft, a cross beam, a die support, a forging and extruding cylinder, a die and a forging and extruding cylinder moving oil cylinder; the heating and feeding system comprises a supporting seat, heating equipment, a temperature measuring instrument, a horizontal pushing system and a vertical feeding system; the hydraulic system comprises a motor, a hydraulic oil pump, an oil tank and a hydraulic valve manifold block. The invention solves the problems that the extrusion force is insufficient, the product quality is difficult to meet higher use requirements, a large-section product is difficult to form, the weld quality of a continuous extrusion forming product is low, the section is small and the like in the traditional extrusion process, and is particularly suitable for continuous forging and extrusion forming of a large-section product which is difficult to process.)

1. The forging and extruding equipment is characterized by comprising a forging and extruding mechanism, a heating and feeding system and a hydraulic system; the forging and extruding mechanism comprises a rack, a hydraulic main cylinder, a forging and extruding shaft, a cross beam, a die support, a forging and extruding cylinder, a die and a forging and extruding cylinder moving oil cylinder; the heating and feeding system comprises a supporting seat, heating equipment, a temperature measuring instrument, a horizontal pushing system and a vertical feeding system; the hydraulic system comprises a motor, a hydraulic oil pump, an oil tank and a hydraulic valve manifold block.

2. The forging and extruding apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the forging and extruding mechanism, the frame is used for supporting the whole forging and extruding mechanism and bearing various loads; the hydraulic main cylinder is arranged on the frame and used for providing force required in the forging and extruding process; the forging shaft is connected with a plunger of the hydraulic main cylinder, directly contacts with a blank and applies required force; the cross beam is arranged on the frame, one end of the cross beam is connected with the hydraulic main cylinder, and the other end of the cross beam is connected with the die support and used for ensuring the centering of the forging and extruding shaft in the movement process; the mould support is arranged on the frame and used for fixing the mould and transferring load to the frame; the forging and extruding cylinder is arranged on the rack and is used for containing the heated blank; the die is arranged in the die support and is used for obtaining forged and extruded products with different shapes and sizes; the forging and extruding cylinder moving oil cylinder is arranged at the lower part of the rack and is used for providing force for the forging and extruding cylinder to move back and forth.

3. The forging and extruding device of claim 2, wherein the supporting base is fixed to a lower portion of the frame in the heating and feeding system for supporting the entire heating and feeding system; the heating equipment is fixed on the supporting seat and used for heating the blank to a specified temperature range; the temperature measuring instrument is arranged on the side face of the rack and used for measuring the temperature of the surface of the heated blank and feeding the measurement result back to the heating equipment for temperature regulation and control so as to keep the temperature of the blank at a set value; the horizontal pushing system is fixed on the rack and the supporting seat and used for pushing the blank into the heating equipment and pushing the heated blank into a feeding groove of the vertical feeding system; the vertical feeding system is fixed on the supporting seat and used for conveying the blank heated to the designated temperature to an inlet of the forging cylinder from the lower part of the forging cylinder and ejecting the blank into the forging cylinder through the forging shaft.

4. the forging and extruding device of claim 3, wherein in the hydraulic system, the motor drives the hydraulic oil pump to rotate, the hydraulic oil pump pumps out hydraulic oil after sucking the hydraulic oil from the oil tank, mechanical energy is converted into pressure energy of the hydraulic oil, then the hydraulic oil passes through the hydraulic valve integrated block to complete adjustment of the direction, pressure and flow of the hydraulic oil, and then the hydraulic oil is transmitted to the hydraulic main cylinder, the horizontal pushing system and the vertical feeding system to realize power transmission in the forging and extruding process.

5. The forging and extruding equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forging and extruding cylinder is preheated by at least one of a heating coil, a resistance wire or a resistance bar, and closed-loop control is realized by a PLC system; the die is preheated by at least one of an internally-coated heating coil, a resistance wire or a resistance rod, and the temperature is kept constant after the process temperature is reached; the horizontal pushing system and the vertical feeding system adopt at least one of mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic transmission, electric transmission or composite transmission to realize stable and safe transmission of the blanks; the hydraulic valve manifold block is controlled by an electromagnetic hydraulic valve or a combined hydraulic valve, so that the online regulation of the forging and extruding speed and the extruding force is realized.

6. The forging apparatus of claim 1, wherein the forging apparatus is a forward forging apparatus or a reverse forging apparatus or a lateral forging apparatus.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the swaging mechanism includes a swaging pad disposed within the swaging barrel to separate the swaging shaft from the billet and transfer the extrusion force, reduce wear on the end face of the swaging shaft, and isolate the billet from thermal effects on the swaging shaft.

8. A forging method using the forging apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:

step 1: placing a blank at the rear end of the heating equipment on the supporting seat, and pushing the blank into the heating equipment through the horizontal pushing system; after the horizontal pushing system is reset, starting the heating equipment to heat the blank; measuring the temperature of the surface of the blank by the thermodetector, feeding back temperature parameters to the heating equipment, and keeping the temperature of the blank constant and keeping the temperature for 1-20 min by using the heating equipment after the surface temperature of the blank reaches a set temperature;

Step 2: the heating equipment is closed, the blank is pushed out of the heating equipment through the horizontal pushing system and conveyed into a feeding groove of the vertical feeding system; after the horizontal pushing system is reset, the blank is vertically conveyed to an inlet of the forging and extruding cylinder through the vertical feeding system; after the hydraulic main cylinder is started to control the forging shaft to push the blank into the forging barrel, the hydraulic main cylinder controls the forging shaft to retreat, and the vertical feeding system is reset;

And step 3: the hydraulic main cylinder controls the forging shaft to enter the forging cylinder, and the hydraulic valve manifold block controls the movement speed of the forging shaft by adjusting the flow speed and flow of the hydraulic oil; the forging shaft is in contact with the blank in the forging cylinder and deforms the blank, then the hydraulic main cylinder controls the forging shaft to be separated from the blank and retreat, when the forging shaft completely retreats from the forging cylinder, the hydraulic main cylinder controls the forging shaft to move forwards again to enter the forging cylinder so that the blank deforms again, the process is repeated continuously until the blank in the forging cylinder cannot deform further, and the forging forming is finished;

And 4, step 4: the hydraulic main cylinder controls the forging shaft to withdraw from the forging cylinder, and after the excess material of the blank in the forging cylinder is cooled, the forging cylinder is controlled to be separated from the die by the moving oil cylinder of the forging cylinder; and removing the residual material of the blank to obtain a forged and extruded product.

9. the forging method of claim 8, wherein lubricating oil is added during forging to achieve forging of the blank.

10. The forging method according to claim 8, wherein in step 3, continuous forging is performed by continuously supplying the billet.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic forming, and particularly relates to forging and extruding equipment and a forging and extruding method.

Background

Extrusion is one of the important means of forming materials. With the continuous progress of science and technology and the rapid development of economy, various types, precision and specifications of extruded sections, pipes, bars, plates and the like are widely applied in the fields of aerospace, ship industry, petroleum and electric power, transportation, electronic and electric appliances, mechanical manufacturing, metallurgical building, weapon manufacturing and the like.

The large-scale extrusion equipment is an important direction for the development of extrusion equipment, tens of thousands of tons to more than ten thousands of tons of extrusion equipment are developed at present, and the large-scale extrusion equipment plays a great role in the production of parts of products with high alloy, difficult deformation, large size and the like. Moreover, with the continuous improvement of the demand of national economy high and new technology field and national defense military industry advanced field on large and super-large products, the development and development of large extrusion equipment are more urgent, and the application prospect is more and more extensive. Serialization is another important direction in the development of extrusion equipment. The major continuous extrusion equipment at present includes Conform continuous extrusion equipment and "ingot-by-ingot" continuous extrusion equipment. The method adopts Conform continuous extrusion equipment for extrusion, and has the advantages of no need of preheating of blanks, small occupied area of the equipment, wide application range, high production flexibility and the like in the extrusion process, but the extrusion force in the Conform continuous extrusion is provided by the friction between the blanks and an extrusion wheel, the relatively low friction force can cause insufficient welding force between metals, the welding quality is not high, the extruded product has poor performance, and the method is only suitable for producing small-section products; when the continuous extrusion equipment of 'ingot-to-ingot' is adopted for extrusion, enough pressure margin is reserved in the first section of blank extrusion, and then new blanks are added for continuous extrusion, so that the continuous extrusion is realized, but the achieved extrusion force is still low, the extrusion ratio is not large, a transverse welding seam with poor welding quality exists in a product, the service life of the product can be reduced, and the continuous extrusion equipment is not suitable for the continuous extrusion production of large-section products. In summary, when the existing continuous extrusion equipment is used for extrusion, the defects of insufficient extrusion force, small extrusion ratio, low product quality, small product section and the like generally exist.

Therefore, it is very important to develop a new extrusion apparatus and method which has a simple structure, can realize continuous production, has a large extrusion force and extrusion ratio, has good product quality, and can form products with larger cross sections.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at the problems of insufficient extrusion force, small extrusion ratio, low product quality, small product section and the like existing in the extrusion by adopting the existing extrusion equipment and the development trend of large-scale and continuous extrusion equipment, provides a forging and extrusion technology which combines the forward extrusion technology, the reverse extrusion technology or the lateral extrusion technology in the traditional extrusion technology with the forging technology and has simple structure, can realize continuous production, large extrusion force and extrusion ratio, good product quality and can produce products with larger sections. The invention aims to provide forging and extruding equipment and a forging and extruding method, which introduce the characteristics of large forging force, difficult cracking in forging under constraint, easy continuous feeding and the like in a forging technology into an extrusion forming process, forge and extrude a blank by using impact load continuously applied in the forging process, solve the problems of insufficient extrusion force, difficult product quality meeting higher use requirements, difficult forming of a large-section product, low weld quality of a continuous extrusion forming product, small section and the like in the traditional extrusion process, and are particularly suitable for continuous forging and extruding forming of a large-section product which is difficult to process.

a forging and extruding device consists of a forging and extruding mechanism, a heating and feeding system and a hydraulic system; the forging and extruding mechanism comprises a rack, a hydraulic main cylinder, a forging and extruding shaft, a cross beam, a die support, a forging and extruding cylinder, a die and a forging and extruding cylinder moving oil cylinder; the heating and feeding system comprises a supporting seat, heating equipment, a temperature measuring instrument, a horizontal pushing system and a vertical feeding system; the hydraulic system comprises a motor, a hydraulic oil pump, an oil tank and a hydraulic valve manifold block.

Further, in the forging mechanism, the frame is used for supporting the whole forging mechanism and bearing various loads; the hydraulic main cylinder is arranged on the frame and used for providing force required in the forging and extruding process; the forging shaft is connected with a plunger of the hydraulic main cylinder, directly contacts with a blank and applies required force; the cross beam is arranged on the frame, one end of the cross beam is connected with the hydraulic main cylinder, and the other end of the cross beam is connected with the die support and used for ensuring the centering of the forging and extruding shaft in the movement process; the mould support is arranged on the frame and used for fixing the mould and transferring load to the frame; the forging and extruding cylinder is arranged on the rack and is used for containing the heated blank; the die is arranged in the die support and is used for obtaining forged and extruded products with different shapes and sizes; the forging and extruding cylinder moving oil cylinder is arranged at the lower part of the rack and is used for providing force for the forging and extruding cylinder to move back and forth.

furthermore, in the heating and feeding system, the supporting seat is fixed at the lower part of the rack and is used for supporting the whole heating and feeding system; the heating equipment is fixed on the supporting seat and used for heating the blank to a specified temperature range; the temperature measuring instrument is arranged on the side face of the rack and used for measuring the temperature of the surface of the heated blank and feeding the measurement result back to the heating equipment for temperature regulation and control so as to keep the temperature of the blank at a set value; the horizontal pushing system is fixed on the rack and the supporting seat and used for pushing the blank into the heating equipment and pushing the heated blank into a feeding groove of the vertical feeding system; the vertical feeding system is fixed on the supporting seat and used for conveying the blank heated to the designated temperature to an inlet of the forging cylinder from the lower part of the forging cylinder and ejecting the blank into the forging cylinder through the forging shaft.

Furthermore, among the hydraulic system, the motor drives hydraulic oil pump is rotatory, hydraulic oil pump follow behind the imbibition hydraulic oil in the oil tank will again hydraulic oil beats out, converts mechanical energy into the pressure energy of hydraulic oil, then hydraulic oil passes through the hydrovalve integrated package accomplishes the regulation of the direction, pressure and the flow of hydraulic oil, then transmits again to hydraulic pressure main cylinder horizontal pushing system with among the vertical feeding system, realize forging the power transmission of crowded in-process.

Further, the forging and extruding cylinder is preheated by at least one of a heating coil, a resistance wire or a resistance rod, and a PLC system is used for realizing closed-loop control; the die is preheated by at least one of an internally-coated heating coil, a resistance wire or a resistance rod, and the temperature is kept constant after the process temperature is reached.

Furthermore, the horizontal pushing system and the vertical feeding system adopt at least one of mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic transmission, electric transmission or composite transmission to realize stable and safe transmission of the blank.

Furthermore, the hydraulic valve manifold block is controlled by an electromagnetic hydraulic valve or a combined hydraulic valve, so that the online regulation of the forging and extruding speed and the extruding force is realized.

further, the forging and extruding equipment is forward forging and extruding equipment, reverse forging and extruding equipment or lateral forging and extruding equipment.

furthermore, the forging and extruding mechanism comprises a forging and extruding pad, the forging and extruding pad is placed in the forging and extruding cylinder to separate the forging and extruding shaft from the blank and transmit extruding force, abrasion of the end face of the forging and extruding shaft is reduced, and heat influence of the blank on the forging and extruding shaft is isolated.

A forging method using the forging apparatus as described above, comprising the steps of:

Step 1: placing a blank at the rear end of the heating equipment on the supporting seat, and pushing the blank into the heating equipment through the horizontal pushing system; after the horizontal pushing system is reset, starting the heating equipment to heat the blank; measuring the temperature of the surface of the blank by the thermodetector, feeding back temperature parameters to the heating equipment, and keeping the temperature of the blank constant and keeping the temperature for 1-20 min by using the heating equipment after the surface temperature of the blank reaches a set temperature;

Step 2: the heating equipment is closed, the blank is pushed out of the heating equipment through the horizontal pushing system and conveyed into a feeding groove of the vertical feeding system; after the horizontal pushing system is reset, the blank is vertically conveyed to an inlet of the forging and extruding cylinder through the vertical feeding system; after the hydraulic main cylinder is started to control the forging shaft to push the blank into the forging barrel, the hydraulic main cylinder controls the forging shaft to retreat, and the vertical feeding system is reset;

And step 3: the hydraulic main cylinder controls the forging shaft to enter the forging cylinder, and the hydraulic valve manifold block controls the movement speed of the forging shaft by adjusting the flow speed and flow of the hydraulic oil; the forging shaft is in contact with the blank in the forging cylinder and deforms the blank, then the hydraulic main cylinder controls the forging shaft to be separated from the blank and retreat, when the forging shaft completely retreats from the forging cylinder, the hydraulic main cylinder controls the forging shaft to move forwards again to enter the forging cylinder so that the blank deforms again, the process is repeated continuously until the blank in the forging cylinder cannot deform further, and the forging forming is finished;

And 4, step 4: the hydraulic main cylinder controls the forging shaft to withdraw from the forging cylinder, and after the excess material of the blank in the forging cylinder is cooled, the forging cylinder is controlled to be separated from the die by the moving oil cylinder of the forging cylinder; and removing the residual material of the blank to obtain a forged and extruded product.

furthermore, lubricating oil is added in the forging and extruding forming process, so that the forging and extruding forming of the blank is realized.

Further, in step 3, continuous forging and extrusion forming is realized by continuously providing the blank according to the length requirement of the product.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. The forging and extruding equipment has the advantages of simple structure, small occupied area, simple operation flow, low investment, easy realization of automatic control, wide application range, convenient maintenance and disassembly, high production efficiency and suitability for large-scale industrial production and popularization.

2. The feeding system and the heating equipment of the forging and extruding equipment are controlled by adopting a PLC system, the feeding and heating processes are automated, the heating process and the feeding process of the blank can be synchronously carried out on line, and the continuous heating and feeding of the blank in the continuous forging and extruding forming process are easy to realize.

3. the forging and extruding equipment adopts the forging and extruding shaft capable of reciprocating at high speed, so that large extruding force which is difficult to achieve by the traditional extruding equipment can be provided at one time, and under the condition that a hydraulic main cylinder provides pressure with smaller tonnage, discretization accumulation large deformation of the blank can be realized through continuous reciprocating forging and extruding of the forging and extruding shaft, and the one-time large deformation forming of the blank which is difficult to realize by the extruding shaft moving in one direction in the traditional extruding equipment is completed.

4. The shape and the size of the blank used by the forging and extruding method can be flexibly selected according to the actual situation, the problems of insufficient extruding force and the like caused by insufficient friction force in the continuous extrusion of Conform are avoided, and the forging and extruding method is particularly suitable for the continuous forging and extruding production of products with difficult processing and large cross sections; meanwhile, in the forging and extruding forming process, the blank is forged and extruded through the reciprocating motion of the forging and extruding shaft, the metallurgical bonding of the interface between the two blanks is easily promoted, and the continuous feeding forging, extruding, welding and forming of a plurality of blanks are realized.

5. The forging and extruding method has the advantages of short flow, near net shape, high utilization rate of raw materials, large extrusion ratio, low production cost and the like, and can produce high-quality products with excellent surface quality, complex shapes and less internal defects.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a front view of the forging apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the swaging apparatus of the present invention.

the device comprises a blank 1, a horizontal pushing system 2, a heating device 3, a vertical feeding system 4, a forging and extruding cylinder 5, a forging and extruding shaft 6, a hydraulic main cylinder 7, a supporting seat 8, a temperature measuring instrument 9, a die 10, a die 11, a die support 12, a forging and extruding cylinder moving oil cylinder 13, a motor 14, an oil tank 15, a rack 16, a cross beam 17, a hydraulic oil pump 18 and a hydraulic valve manifold block.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples, which are necessary to point out here only for further illustration of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present invention based on the above-mentioned disclosure.

the forging and extruding equipment of the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached figures 1-2 as follows:

A forging and extruding device comprises a forging and extruding mechanism, a heating feeding system and a hydraulic system, and comprises a horizontal pushing system 2, a heating device 3, a vertical feeding system 4, a forging and extruding cylinder 5, a forging and extruding shaft 6, a hydraulic main cylinder 7, a supporting seat 8, a temperature measuring instrument 9, a die 10, a die support 11, a forging and extruding cylinder moving oil cylinder 12, a motor 13, an oil tank 14, a rack 15, a cross beam 16, a hydraulic oil pump 17 and a hydraulic valve manifold block 18. It is characterized in that the frame 15 is used for supporting the whole forging and extruding mechanism and bearing various loads; the hydraulic main cylinder 7 is arranged on the frame 15 and used for providing force required in the forging and extruding process; the forging shaft 6 is connected with a plunger of a hydraulic main cylinder 7, directly contacts with the blank 1 and applies required force; the cross beam 16 is arranged on the frame 15, one end of the cross beam is connected with the hydraulic main cylinder 7, and the other end of the cross beam is connected with the die support 11 and is used for ensuring the centering of the forging and extruding shaft 6 in the movement process; the mold support 11 is mounted on the frame 15 for fixing the mold 10 and transferring the load to the frame 15; the forging and extruding cylinder 5 is arranged on the frame 15 and is used for containing the heated blank 1; the die 10 is arranged in a die support 11 and is used for obtaining forging and extruding products with different shapes and sizes; the forging cylinder moving oil cylinder 12 is arranged at the lower part of the frame 15 and is used for providing force for the reciprocating motion of the forging cylinder 5; the supporting seat 8 is fixed at the lower part of the frame 15 and is used for supporting the whole heating and feeding system; the heating device 3 is fixed on the supporting seat 8 and used for heating the blank 1 to a specified temperature range; the temperature measuring instrument 9 is arranged on the side surface of the frame 15 and is used for measuring the temperature of the surface of the heated blank 1 and feeding the measuring result back to the heating equipment 3 for temperature regulation and control so as to keep the temperature of the blank 1 at a set value; the horizontal pushing system 2 is fixed on the rack 15 and the supporting seat 8 and used for pushing the blank 1 into the heating equipment 3 and pushing the heated blank into a feeding groove of the vertical feeding system 4; the vertical feeding system 4 is fixed on the supporting seat 8 and is used for conveying the blank 1 heated to the specified temperature to an inlet of the forging cylinder 5 from the lower part of the forging cylinder 5 and then ejecting the blank 1 into the forging cylinder 5 through the forging shaft 6; the motor 13 drives the hydraulic oil pump 17 to rotate, the hydraulic oil pump 17 pumps hydraulic oil out after sucking the hydraulic oil from the oil tank 14, mechanical energy is converted into pressure energy of the hydraulic oil, then the hydraulic oil passes through the hydraulic valve integrated block 18 to complete adjustment of the direction, pressure and flow of the hydraulic oil, and then the hydraulic oil is transmitted to the hydraulic main cylinder 7, the horizontal pushing system 2 and the vertical feeding system 4, so that power transmission in the forging and extruding process is achieved.