阅读说明：本技术 一种可降解塑料及其制备方法 (Degradable plastic and preparation method thereof ) 是由 陈狄龙 于 2021-09-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种可降解塑料及其制备方法,所述可降解塑料的原料成分包括动植物颗粒发酵产物、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、光引发剂、增塑剂；其制备方法包括以下步骤：S1、将虾壳颗粒、蟹壳颗粒置于加热容器中,加热后加入海藻颗粒、棕丝,冷却后得到初步原料；S2、将玉米淀粉、土豆淀粉、红薯淀粉混合后加入水,得到淀粉混合物；S3、将淀粉混合物、初步原料一同放置于发酵罐中发酵,得到动植物颗粒发酵产物；S4、将聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇置于加热容器中加热并加入光引发剂,得到中间产物；S5、将动植物颗粒发酵产物、中间产物置于容器中混合后加热至熔融状态,加入增塑剂后得到混合产物；S6、将混合产物置于挤出机中进行挤出即可。(The invention discloses a degradable plastic and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw material components of the degradable plastic comprise animal and plant particle fermentation products, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, a photoinitiator and a plasticizer; the preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, placing the shrimp shell particles and the crab shell particles in a heating container, heating, adding the seaweed particles and the palm fibers, and cooling to obtain a primary raw material; s2, mixing corn starch, potato starch and sweet potato starch, and adding water to obtain a starch mixture; s3, putting the starch mixture and the primary raw materials into a fermentation tank for fermentation to obtain an animal and plant particle fermentation product; s4, placing polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol in a heating container, heating and adding a photoinitiator to obtain an intermediate product; s5, mixing the animal and plant particle fermentation product and the intermediate product in a container, heating to a molten state, and adding a plasticizer to obtain a mixed product; and S6, placing the mixed product in an extruder for extrusion.)

1. A degradable plastic is characterized in that: the degradable plastic comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of animal and plant particle fermentation products, 6-8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-6 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3-5 parts of a photoinitiator and 1-2 parts of a plasticizer; the animal and plant particle fermentation product is prepared by mixing shrimp shell particles, crab shell particles, seaweed particles, corn starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch and palm fiber and then fermenting.

2. The degradable plastic of claim 1, wherein: in the animal and plant particle fermentation product, the volume ratio of shrimp shell particles, crab shell particles, seaweed particles, corn starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch and palm fibers is as follows: 3-4: 3-8: 5-8: 2-3: 1-2.

3. The degradable plastic of claim 2, wherein: the particle sizes of the shrimp shell particles and the crab shell particles are 0.5-1.5 mm, and the particle sizes of the seaweed particles, the corn starch, the potato starch and the sweet potato starch are 0.3-0.7 mm; the length of palm is 1 ~ 2 mm.

4. The degradable plastic of claim 3, wherein: the photoinitiator is prepared by mixing chlorinated trimellitic anhydride, 2-isopropyl thioxanthone, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, wherein the volume ratio of the chlorinated trimellitic anhydride to the 2-isopropyl thioxanthone to the 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid to the 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone is as follows: 5-6: 2-3: 2-4: 1.

5. The degradable plastic of claim 4, wherein: the plasticizer is prepared by mixing dioctyl terephthalate, polypropylene fibers, dipentaerythritol and isooctanol, wherein the volume ratio of the dioctyl terephthalate, the polypropylene fibers, the dipentaerythritol and the isooctanol is as follows: 8-10: 5-6: 2-3: 1-2.

6. A method for preparing the degradable plastic as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, weighing shrimp shell particles, crab shell particles, seaweed particles and palm fibers in proportion, placing the shrimp shell particles and the crab shell particles in a heating container, heating to 120-150 ℃, keeping the constant temperature for 2-4 hours, then cooling to 60-80 ℃, adding the seaweed particles and the palm fibers, stirring uniformly, keeping the constant temperature for 2-3 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a primary raw material;

s2, weighing corn starch, potato starch and sweet potato starch in proportion, mixing the corn starch, the potato starch and the sweet potato starch, adding water with the same volume, stirring uniformly, and standing for 5-6 hours to obtain a starch mixture;

s3, placing the starch mixture and the primary raw materials into a fermentation tank, adding cellulase, and fermenting for 60-80 days to obtain an animal and plant particle fermentation product;

s4, weighing polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol in proportion, placing the polyvinyl alcohol and the polyethylene glycol in a heating container, heating to 80-100 ℃, adding a photoinitiator, uniformly stirring, and keeping constant temperature for 8-10 hours to obtain an intermediate product;

s5, placing the animal and plant particle fermentation product and the intermediate product into a container, mixing, uniformly stirring, heating to a molten state, adding a plasticizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed product;

s6, placing the mixed product in an extruder to extrude to obtain the prepared degradable plastic.

7. The method for preparing the degradable plastic according to claim 6, wherein: in the step S3, the fermentation temperature in the fermentation tank is 50-55 ℃, and the fermentation humidity is 72-75%.

8. The method for preparing a degradable plastic according to claim 7, wherein: in the step S3, the mass ratio of the starch mixture, the primary raw material and the cellulase is 25-30: 1.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of plastic production, in particular to degradable plastic and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the rapid development of the plastic industry, the corresponding "white pollution" situation is also becoming more serious. In the face of global energy crisis and continuously increasing environmental pollution, the demand for new plastic materials which have both excellent properties and are degradable is increasing. The prior degradable plastic has high production cost, long degradation time of products and incomplete degradation, and the degradation performance, the mechanical property and other aspects of the plastic are difficult to meet various use requirements; therefore, it is necessary to research a degradable plastic to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a low-cost, economic and environment-friendly degradable plastic and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the degradable plastic comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of animal and plant particle fermentation products, 6-8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-6 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3-5 parts of a photoinitiator and 1-2 parts of a plasticizer; the animal and plant particle fermentation product is prepared by mixing shrimp shell particles, crab shell particles, seaweed particles, corn starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch and palm fiber and then fermenting.

Furthermore, in the animal and plant particle fermentation product, the volume ratio of the shrimp shell particles, the crab shell particles, the seaweed particles, the corn starch, the potato starch, the sweet potato starch and the palm fibers is as follows: 3-4: 3-8: 5-8: 2-3: 1-2.

Further, the particle sizes of the shrimp shell particles and the crab shell particles are 0.5-1.5 mm, and the particle sizes of the seaweed particles, the corn starch, the potato starch and the sweet potato starch are 0.3-0.7 mm; the length of palm is 1 ~ 2 mm.

Further, the photoinitiator is prepared by mixing chlorinated trimellitic anhydride, 2-isopropyl thioxanthone, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, wherein the volume ratio of the chlorinated trimellitic anhydride, the 2-isopropyl thioxanthone, the 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid and the 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone is as follows: 5-6: 2-3: 2-4: 1.

Further, the plasticizer is prepared by mixing dioctyl terephthalate, polypropylene fiber, dipentaerythritol and isooctanol, and the volume ratio of the dioctyl terephthalate, the polypropylene fiber, the dipentaerythritol and the isooctanol is as follows: 8-10: 5-6: 2-3: 1-2.

A preparation method of degradable plastic comprises the following steps:

s1, weighing shrimp shell particles, crab shell particles, seaweed particles and palm fibers in proportion, placing the shrimp shell particles and the crab shell particles in a heating container, heating to 120-150 ℃, keeping the constant temperature for 2-4 hours, then cooling to 60-80 ℃, adding the seaweed particles and the palm fibers, stirring uniformly, keeping the constant temperature for 2-3 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a primary raw material;

s2, weighing corn starch, potato starch and sweet potato starch in proportion, mixing the corn starch, the potato starch and the sweet potato starch, adding water with the same volume, stirring uniformly, and standing for 5-6 hours to obtain a starch mixture;

s3, placing the starch mixture and the primary raw materials into a fermentation tank, adding cellulase, and fermenting for 60-80 days to obtain an animal and plant particle fermentation product;

s4, weighing polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol in proportion, placing the polyvinyl alcohol and the polyethylene glycol in a heating container, heating to 80-100 ℃, adding a photoinitiator, uniformly stirring, and keeping constant temperature for 8-10 hours to obtain an intermediate product;

s5, placing the animal and plant particle fermentation product and the intermediate product into a container, mixing, uniformly stirring, heating to a molten state, adding a plasticizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed product;

s6, placing the mixed product in an extruder to extrude to obtain the prepared degradable plastic.

Further, in the step S3, the fermentation temperature in the fermentation tank is 50-55 ℃, and the fermentation humidity is 72-75%.

Further, in the step S3, the mass ratio of the starch mixture, the primary raw material and the cellulase is 25-30: 1.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

according to the invention, the design that the animal and plant particle fermentation product is prepared by mixing the shrimp shell particles, the crab shell particles, the seaweed particles, the corn starch, the potato starch, the sweet potato starch and the palm fiber is adopted, so that the obtained animal and plant particle fermentation product is formed by mixing the animal shell, the plant particles and the plant starch, the rapid degradation can be realized, the degradation rate of plastics is effectively improved, and the requirement of environmental protection can be completely met; meanwhile, the raw material cost is low, the manufacturing process is simple and easy to operate, the defects of complex production process and high production cost of the existing degradable plastic are overcome, the pollution amount of the plastic to the environment is reduced, and certain contribution is brought to the environment protection work.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived from the embodiments of the present invention by a person skilled in the art without any creative effort, should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment 1 discloses a degradable plastic, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 8 parts of animal and plant particle fermentation product, 6 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3 parts of photoinitiator and 1 part of plasticizer;

the animal and plant particle fermentation product is prepared by mixing shrimp shell particles, crab shell particles, seaweed particles, corn starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch and palm fiber and then fermenting; the volume ratio of the shrimp shell particles, the crab shell particles, the seaweed particles, the corn starch, the potato starch, the sweet potato starch and the palm fibers is as follows: 3:3:5:2:2:1:1.

The particle sizes of the shrimp shell particles and the crab shell particles are 0.5mm, and the particle sizes of the seaweed particles, the corn starch, the potato starch and the sweet potato starch are 0.3 mm; the length of the palm fiber is 1 mm.

The photoinitiator is prepared by mixing chlorinated trimellitic anhydride, 2-isopropyl thioxanthone, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, wherein the volume ratio of the chlorinated trimellitic anhydride to the 2-isopropyl thioxanthone to the 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid to the 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone is as follows: 5:2:2:1.

The plasticizer is prepared by mixing dioctyl terephthalate, polypropylene fibers, dipentaerythritol and isooctanol, wherein the volume ratio of the dioctyl terephthalate, the polypropylene fibers, the dipentaerythritol and the isooctanol is as follows: 8:5:2:1.

The preparation steps of the degradable plastic are as follows:

s1, weighing shrimp shell particles, crab shell particles, seaweed particles and palm fibers in proportion, placing the shrimp shell particles and the crab shell particles in a heating container, heating to 120 ℃, keeping the constant temperature for 2 hours, then cooling to 60 ℃, adding the seaweed particles and the palm fibers, stirring uniformly, keeping the constant temperature for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a primary raw material;

s2, weighing corn starch, potato starch and sweet potato starch in proportion, mixing the corn starch, the potato starch and the sweet potato starch, adding water with the same volume, stirring uniformly, and standing for 5 hours to obtain a starch mixture;

s3, placing the starch mixture and the primary raw materials into a fermentation tank together, wherein the fermentation temperature in the fermentation tank is 50 ℃, and the fermentation humidity is 72%; adding cellulase for fermentation for 60 days, wherein the mass ratio of the starch mixture to the primary raw material to the mass of the cellulase is 25: 1; obtaining animal and plant particle fermentation products;

s4, weighing polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol in proportion, placing the polyvinyl alcohol and the polyethylene glycol in a heating container, heating to 80 ℃, adding a photoinitiator, stirring uniformly, and keeping constant temperature for 8 hours to obtain an intermediate product;

s5, placing the animal and plant particle fermentation product and the intermediate product into a container, mixing, uniformly stirring, heating to a molten state, adding a plasticizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed product;

s6, placing the mixed product in an extruder to extrude to obtain the prepared degradable plastic.

Embodiment 2 and this embodiment disclose a degradable plastic, which comprises raw material components including an animal and plant particle fermentation product, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, a photoinitiator, and a plasticizer, wherein the raw material components comprise, by mass: 9 parts of animal and plant particle fermentation product, 7 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of polyethylene glycol, 4 parts of photoinitiator and 1 part of plasticizer;

the animal and plant particle fermentation product is prepared by mixing shrimp shell particles, crab shell particles, seaweed particles, corn starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch and palm fiber and then fermenting; the volume ratio of the shrimp shell particles, the crab shell particles, the seaweed particles, the corn starch, the potato starch, the sweet potato starch and the palm fibers is as follows: 3:5:6:2:3:2:2.

The particle sizes of the shrimp shell particles and the crab shell particles are 1mm, and the particle sizes of the seaweed particles, the corn starch, the potato starch and the sweet potato starch are 0.5 mm; the length of the palm fiber is 2 mm.

The photoinitiator is prepared by mixing chlorinated trimellitic anhydride, 2-isopropyl thioxanthone, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, wherein the volume ratio of the chlorinated trimellitic anhydride to the 2-isopropyl thioxanthone to the 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid to the 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone is as follows: 6:3:3:1.

The plasticizer is prepared by mixing dioctyl terephthalate, polypropylene fibers, dipentaerythritol and isooctanol, wherein the volume ratio of the dioctyl terephthalate, the polypropylene fibers, the dipentaerythritol and the isooctanol is as follows: 9:5:2:2.

The preparation steps of the degradable plastic are as follows:

s1, weighing shrimp shell particles, crab shell particles, seaweed particles and palm fibers in proportion, placing the shrimp shell particles and the crab shell particles in a heating container, heating to 130 ℃, keeping the constant temperature for 3 hours, then cooling to 70 ℃, adding the seaweed particles and the palm fibers, stirring uniformly, keeping the constant temperature for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a primary raw material;

s2, weighing corn starch, potato starch and sweet potato starch in proportion, mixing the corn starch, the potato starch and the sweet potato starch, adding water with the same volume, stirring uniformly, and standing for 5 hours to obtain a starch mixture;

s3, placing the starch mixture and the primary raw materials into a fermentation tank together, wherein the fermentation temperature in the fermentation tank is 52 ℃, and the fermentation humidity is 73%; adding cellulase for fermentation for 70 days, wherein the mass ratio of the starch mixture to the primary raw material to the mass of the cellulase is 28: 1; obtaining animal and plant particle fermentation products;

s4, weighing polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol in proportion, placing the polyvinyl alcohol and the polyethylene glycol in a heating container, heating to 90 ℃, adding a photoinitiator, stirring uniformly, and keeping constant temperature for 9 hours to obtain an intermediate product;

s5, placing the animal and plant particle fermentation product and the intermediate product into a container, mixing, uniformly stirring, heating to a molten state, adding a plasticizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed product;

s6, placing the mixed product in an extruder to extrude to obtain the prepared degradable plastic.

Embodiment 3 discloses a degradable plastic, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10 parts of animal and plant particle fermentation product, 8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 6 parts of polyethylene glycol, 5 parts of photoinitiator and 2 parts of plasticizer;

the animal and plant particle fermentation product is prepared by mixing shrimp shell particles, crab shell particles, seaweed particles, corn starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch and palm fiber and then fermenting; the volume ratio of the shrimp shell particles, the crab shell particles, the seaweed particles, the corn starch, the potato starch, the sweet potato starch and the palm fibers is as follows: 4:8:8:3:3:3:2.

The particle sizes of the shrimp shell particles and the crab shell particles are 1.5mm, and the particle sizes of the seaweed particles, the corn starch, the potato starch and the sweet potato starch are 0.7 mm; the length of the palm fiber is 2 mm.

The photoinitiator is prepared by mixing chlorinated trimellitic anhydride, 2-isopropyl thioxanthone, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, wherein the volume ratio of the chlorinated trimellitic anhydride to the 2-isopropyl thioxanthone to the 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid to the 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone is as follows: 6:3:4:1.

The plasticizer is prepared by mixing dioctyl terephthalate, polypropylene fibers, dipentaerythritol and isooctanol, wherein the volume ratio of the dioctyl terephthalate, the polypropylene fibers, the dipentaerythritol and the isooctanol is as follows: 10:6:3:2.

The preparation steps of the degradable plastic are as follows:

s1, weighing shrimp shell particles, crab shell particles, seaweed particles and palm fibers in proportion, placing the shrimp shell particles and the crab shell particles in a heating container, heating to 150 ℃, keeping the constant temperature for 4 hours, then cooling to 80 ℃, adding the seaweed particles and the palm fibers, stirring uniformly, keeping the constant temperature for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a primary raw material;

s2, weighing corn starch, potato starch and sweet potato starch in proportion, mixing the corn starch, the potato starch and the sweet potato starch, adding water with the same volume, stirring uniformly, and standing for 6 hours to obtain a starch mixture;

s3, placing the starch mixture and the primary raw materials into a fermentation tank together, wherein the fermentation temperature in the fermentation tank is 55 ℃, and the fermentation humidity is 75%; adding cellulase for fermenting for 80 days, wherein the mass ratio of the starch mixture to the primary raw material to the mass of the cellulase is 30: 1; obtaining animal and plant particle fermentation products;

s4, weighing polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol in proportion, placing the polyvinyl alcohol and the polyethylene glycol in a heating container, heating to 100 ℃, adding a photoinitiator, uniformly stirring, and keeping constant temperature for 10 hours to obtain an intermediate product;

s5, placing the animal and plant particle fermentation product and the intermediate product into a container, mixing, uniformly stirring, heating to a molten state, adding a plasticizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed product;

s6, placing the mixed product in an extruder to extrude to obtain the prepared degradable plastic.

According to the invention, the design that the animal and plant particle fermentation product is prepared by mixing the shrimp shell particles, the crab shell particles, the seaweed particles, the corn starch, the potato starch, the sweet potato starch and the palm fiber is adopted, so that the obtained animal and plant particle fermentation product is formed by mixing the animal shell, the plant particles and the plant starch, the rapid degradation can be realized, the degradation rate of plastics is effectively improved, and the requirement of environmental protection can be completely met; meanwhile, the raw material cost is low, the manufacturing process is simple and easy to operate, the defects of complex production process and high production cost of the existing degradable plastic are overcome, the pollution amount of the plastic to the environment is reduced, and certain contribution is brought to the environment protection work.