阅读说明：本技术 一种用于大型航空零件数控加工的调姿垫块及其使用方法 (Posture adjusting cushion block for numerical control machining of large-scale aviation part and using method thereof ) 是由 任德祖 廖双权 张兵 牛印 杜晓文 陈云 于 2021-07-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于大型航空零件数控加工的调姿垫块,涉及大型航空零件数控加工技术领域,包括工作台、基座、调节螺栓、调节手柄和至少三根导向柱,基座上设有安装孔I和与导向柱匹配的安装孔II,工作台上设有通孔,所述安装孔I设置在基座中心,所述调节螺栓一端与安装孔I螺纹连接；另一端贴合工作台的下表面,所述调节手柄与调节螺栓配合调节调节螺栓的高度,所述导向柱一端置于安装孔II中；另一端穿过通孔并通过限位挡块、紧固件固定,所述安装孔II均布于安装孔I周侧,同时公开了该调姿垫块的使用方法,巧妙地解决了现有技术中大型零件姿态调节方法精度低、耗时长易损坏零件,且由于零件本身体积大导致操作人员具有受伤风险等问题。(The invention discloses a posture adjusting cushion block for numerical control machining of large-scale aviation parts, which relates to the technical field of numerical control machining of large-scale aviation parts and comprises a workbench, a base, an adjusting bolt, an adjusting handle and at least three guide columns, wherein the base is provided with a mounting hole I and a mounting hole II matched with the guide columns, the workbench is provided with a through hole, the mounting hole I is arranged in the center of the base, and one end of the adjusting bolt is in threaded connection with the mounting hole I; the other end of the guide post is attached to the lower surface of the workbench, the adjusting handle is matched with the adjusting bolt to adjust the height of the adjusting bolt, and one end of the guide post is arranged in the mounting hole II; the other end of the adjusting cushion block penetrates through the through hole and is fixed through the limit stop and the fastener, the mounting holes II are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the mounting hole I, meanwhile, the use method of the adjusting cushion block is disclosed, and the problems that in the prior art, the large part posture adjusting method is low in precision, long in time consumption and prone to damage parts, operators are injured due to the fact that the size of the parts is large and the like are solved ingeniously.)

1. The utility model provides a transfer appearance cushion for large-scale aviation part numerical control processing which characterized in that: the adjustable-type adjustable-angle drilling machine comprises a workbench (1), a base (2), an adjusting bolt (3), an adjusting handle (4) and at least three guide posts (5), wherein a mounting hole I (6) and a mounting hole II (7) matched with the guide posts (5) are formed in the base (2), a through hole (8) is formed in the workbench (1), the mounting hole I (6) is formed in the center of the base (2), and one end of the adjusting bolt (3) is in threaded connection with the mounting hole I (6); the other end of the guide post is attached to the lower surface of the workbench (1), the adjusting handle (4) is matched with the adjusting bolt (3) to adjust the height of the adjusting bolt (3), and one end of the guide post (5) is arranged in the mounting hole II (7); the other end passes through-hole (8) and is fixed through limit stop (9), fastener (10), mounting hole II (7) equipartition is in mounting hole I (6) week side.

2. The attitude adjusting cushion block for numerical control machining of the large-scale aviation parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: one end of the adjusting bolt (3) close to the workbench (1) is designed into a wedge-shaped structure and is in contact with the workbench (1).

3. The attitude adjusting cushion block for numerical control machining of the large-scale aviation part according to claim 2, characterized in that: guide post (5) are the echelonment cylinder, guide post (5) one end and mounting hole II (7) interference fit, and through-hole (8) closely cooperate on the other end and workstation (1), workstation (1) can be followed guide post (5) direction and slided.

4. The attitude adjusting cushion block for numerical control machining of the large-scale aviation part according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fastener (10) is a bolt or a screw or a pin.

5. The attitude adjusting cushion block for numerical control machining of the large-scale aviation part according to claim 4, characterized in that: the guide posts (5) comprise three guide posts which are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the adjusting bolt (3).

6. The attitude adjusting cushion block for numerical control machining of the large-scale aviation part according to claim 5, characterized in that: the upper surfaces and the lower surfaces of the workbench (1) and the base (2) are both square flat plates.

7. A posture adjustment cushion block for numerical control machining of large-scale aviation parts according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: the middle part of the adjusting bolt (3) is provided with an annular boss (11), and the annular boss (11) is provided with a plurality of adjusting holes (12) matched with the adjusting handle (4).

8. The use method of the posture adjusting cushion block is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. selecting a proper number of posture adjusting cushion blocks according to the claim 1 according to the structural characteristics of a part (13) or a tool (14) to form a cushion block group, and placing the cushion block group on a horizontal plane, wherein the cushion block group needs to meet the placing requirements of conveniently screwing an adjusting bolt (3) and stably placing the part (13) or the tool (14), and the individual bearing of each posture adjusting cushion block is the same;

b. then, placing the part (13) or the part (13) and the tool (14) on the workbench (1) of the cushion block set integrally;

c. measuring the part (13) or the part (13) and the tool (14) integrally by using a measuring tool, screwing an adjusting bolt (3) by using an adjusting handle (4) according to a measuring result to adjust the height of each posture adjusting cushion block, and integrally adjusting the part (13) or the part (13) and the tool (14) to a target position;

d. after the position adjustment of the part (13) or the whole part (13) and the tool (14) is finished, the part (13) or the whole part (13) and the whole tool (14) and the position adjustment cushion block are jointly fixed on a machine tool workbench (15).

9. The use method of the posture adjusting cushion block as claimed in claim 8, wherein: in the step c, the measurement of the part (13) or the whole part (13) and the tool (14) by using the measuring tool comprises the measurement of a reference hole, a reference surface or a typical structure of the reference hole and the reference surface.

10. The use method of the posture adjusting cushion block as claimed in claim 9, wherein in the step c, the specific operation method of screwing the adjusting bolt (3) by using the adjusting handle (4) to adjust the height of each posture adjusting cushion block is as follows: the pitch of an adjusting bolt (3) of the posture adjusting cushion block is P, an adjusting handle (4) is used for screwing for 1 degree, the height change of the workbench (1) of the posture adjusting cushion block is P/360, the height H needing to be adjusted is obtained according to the measuring result, and the angle alpha needing to be screwed is =360 multiplied by H/P.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machining of large-scale aviation parts, in particular to a posture adjusting cushion block for the large-scale aviation parts and a using method thereof, and is particularly suitable for accurate positioning of the large-scale aviation parts.

Background

With the technical progress, the numerical control machining parts are continuously developed towards large-scale, integration and complication, meanwhile, the component machining is also greatly appeared in the numerical control machining process, and the tooling fixture is developed towards simplification and generalization. Whether large parts or components exist, the state change caused by the problems of large size, weak rigidity and the like exists, and the increasingly simplified tool cannot correct or compensate the state change. In numerical control machining, the attitude of the part due to the initial state deformation of the part does not conform to the manufacturing error caused by the theoretical position, and the precision manufacturing and high quality delivery of large parts are limited for a long time.

In the current part processing, parts with the length of 10000mm are required, and the planeness before numerical control processing is required to be 0.1mm, so that the planeness of a large part needs to be adjusted before processing. In the prior art, the posture of a large part is adjusted by a mode of adding a gasket, one-time clamping can be completed usually within 6-8 hours, the flatness of the adjusted part is only 0.5mm, and the precision is low. Meanwhile, the whole weight of the large-scale part and the tool is sometimes as high as 1 ton, and the manual work of adding the cushion under the foot of the tool is very difficult and has the risks of personal injury and product damage.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that the large part posture adjusting method in the prior art is low in precision, long in time consumption and easy to damage parts, and operators are injured due to the fact that the parts are large in size.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a posture adjusting cushion block for numerical control machining of large-scale aviation parts comprises a workbench, a base, an adjusting bolt, an adjusting handle and at least three guide posts, wherein the base is provided with a mounting hole I and a mounting hole II matched with the guide posts; the other end of the guide post is attached to the lower surface of the workbench, the adjusting handle is matched with the adjusting bolt to adjust the height of the adjusting bolt, and one end of the guide post is arranged in the mounting hole II; the other end passes through the through hole and is fixed through a limit stop and a fastener, and the mounting holes II are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the mounting hole I.

Further, one end, close to the workbench, of the adjusting bolt is designed to be in a wedge-shaped structure and is in contact with the workbench.

Furthermore, the guide post is a stepped cylinder, one end of the guide post is in interference fit with the mounting hole II, the other end of the guide post is in close fit with the through hole in the workbench, and the workbench can slide along the direction of the guide post.

Further, the fastener is a bolt or a screw or a pin.

Further, the guide posts comprise three guide posts which are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the adjusting bolt.

Furthermore, the upper surfaces and the lower surfaces of the workbench and the base are both square flat plates.

Furthermore, an annular boss is arranged in the middle of the adjusting bolt, and a plurality of adjusting holes matched with the adjusting handle are formed in the annular boss.

A use method of the posture adjusting cushion block comprises the following steps:

a. selecting a proper number of posture adjusting cushion blocks according to the structural characteristics of a part or a tool to form a cushion block group, and placing the cushion block group on a horizontal plane, wherein the cushion block group needs to meet the placing requirements of conveniently screwing an adjusting bolt and stably placing the part or the tool, and the individual bearing of each posture adjusting cushion block is the same;

b. then the part or the part and the tool are integrally placed on a workbench of the cushion block group;

c. measuring the part or the whole part and the tool by using a measuring tool, and then screwing an adjusting bolt by using an adjusting handle to adjust the height of each posture adjusting cushion block according to the measuring result so as to integrally adjust the part or the whole part and the tool to a target position;

d. and after the position of the part or the whole part and the tool is adjusted, fixing the part or the whole part and the whole tool and the cushion block on the workbench of the machine tool together.

Further, in the step c, the measurement of the part or the whole part and the tool by using the measuring tool includes measuring a reference hole, a reference surface or a typical structure thereof.

Further, in the step c, a specific operation method of adjusting the height of each posture adjustment cushion block by screwing an adjustment bolt with an adjustment handle includes: the screw pitch of the adjusting bolt of the posture adjusting cushion block is P, the adjusting handle is used for screwing for 1 degree, the height change of the workbench of the posture adjusting cushion block is P/360, the height H needing to be adjusted is obtained according to the measuring result, and the angle alpha =360 multiplied by H/P needing to be screwed is obtained.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

according to the attitude adjusting cushion block for numerical control machining of large-scale aviation parts, the adjusting handle is used for screwing the adjusting bolt to control the lifting of the attitude adjusting cushion block workbench, so that the height of the parts above the attitude adjusting cushion block is adjusted, and the attitude adjusting mode is reliable and efficient.

In the invention, one end of the adjusting bolt, which is close to the workbench, is designed into a wedge-shaped structure and is in contact with the workbench, and the wedge-shaped structure can ensure that the guide column is in full and stable contact with the workbench in the posture adjusting process of the posture adjusting cushion block.

In the invention, the guide post is a stepped cylinder, one end of the guide post is in interference fit with the mounting hole II, so that the stability of the guide post can be ensured, and the other end of the guide post is in close fit with the through hole on the workbench, so that the workbench can freely slide along the direction of the guide post.

And fourthly, the fastener is a bolt, a screw or a pin, and the limit stop of the posture adjusting cushion block is positioned at the top of the guide column and fixed with the guide column by penetrating through the limit stop through the fastener, so that the stroke of the workbench is limited, and the separation of the adjusting bolt from the base is avoided.

In the invention, the three guide columns are arranged, and the embodiment is low in cost and convenient to adjust, and the three guide columns are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the adjusting bolt, so that the three guide columns are stressed equivalently as much as possible in the use process of the posture adjusting cushion block.

Sixthly, in the invention, the upper surfaces and the lower surfaces of the workbench and the base are square flat plates which provide support surfaces when contacting with a tool or a part, and the flatness of the square flat plates is determined according to the machining precision requirement of the part.

The invention further provides a using method of the posture adjusting cushion block, the posture adjusting cushion block group formed by the posture adjusting cushion block is found to be effective in posture adjustment of the parts in the test process, the use of the posture adjusting cushion block group enables the clamping preparation time of the large parts to be shortened from 6-8h to 0.5h, the flatness is improved from 0.5mm to 0.1mm, the preparation time of workers before the parts are machined is greatly reduced, the working strength of the operators is reduced, the time of the parts occupying the machine clamp and the time of establishing a machining coordinate system is shortened, and the machining stability and the delivery quality of the parts are improved.

Eighth, the posture adjusting cushion block can ensure that the posture adjusting precision can be guaranteed to be 0.01mm, and the cushion block can be used for assisting in measuring a reference hole, a reference surface or a typical structure of the cushion block.

Ninth, in the invention, the large part can be regarded as a flexible body during numerical control processing, particularly a large aviation part, and the flatness can not be accurately adjusted simply by a traditional cushion adding mode. By adopting the use method of the attitude adjusting cushion blocks disclosed by the invention, the attitude adjustment change is realized by adopting the mutual matching of the plurality of attitude adjusting cushion blocks, the flatness of parts before processing is ensured to reach 0.1mm, the processing precision of large-scale aviation parts is further ensured to reach +/-0.1 mm, and the design requirements are met.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the height adjustable pillow of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the set block after assembly.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 2.

FIG. 4 is a top view of the set block after assembly.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view a-a in fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the posture adjustment cushion block in use.

Wherein, 1, a workbench; 2. a base; 3. adjusting the bolt; 4. an adjusting handle; 5. a guide post; 6. a mounting hole I; 7. a mounting hole II; 8. a through hole; 9. a limit stop block; 10. a fastener; 11. an annular boss; 12. an adjustment hole; 13. a part; 14. assembling; 15. a machine tool workbench.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Example 1

The embodiment is the most basic implementation manner, and a posture adjusting cushion block for numerical control machining of large-scale aviation parts belongs to the technical field of numerical control machining of large-scale aviation parts, and refers to fig. 1, and includes a workbench 1, a base 2, an adjusting bolt 3, an adjusting handle 4, and at least three guide posts 5, wherein a mounting hole I6 and a mounting hole II7 matched with the guide posts 5 are arranged on the base 2, a through hole 8 is arranged on the workbench 1, the mounting hole I6 is arranged at the center of the base 2, and one end of the adjusting bolt 3 is in threaded connection with the mounting hole I6; the other end of the guide post is attached to the lower surface of the workbench 1, the adjusting handle 4 is matched with the adjusting bolt 3 to adjust the height of the adjusting bolt 3, and one end of the guide post 5 is arranged in the mounting hole II 7; the other end of the connecting rod penetrates through the through hole 8 and is fixed through a limit stop 9 and a fastener 10, and the mounting holes II7 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the mounting hole I6.

The posture adjusting cushion block for numerical control machining of the large-sized aviation part 13, which is provided by the embodiment, comprises a workbench 1, a guide column 5, an adjusting bolt 3, a limit stop 9, a base 2, an adjusting handle 4 and a fastener 10, wherein one end of the adjusting bolt 3 is connected with the base 2 through threads; the other end is contacted with the workbench 1; guide post 5 connection base 2 and workstation 1, guide post 5 passes through-hole 8 and is fixed through limit stop 9, fastener 10, makes limit stop 9 be located 5 tops of guide post for limit table 1 stroke avoids adjusting bolt 3 and base 2 to break away from, can guarantee that workstation 1 can follow 5 directions of guide post and freely slide simultaneously.

Example 2

A posture adjusting cushion block for numerical control machining of large-scale aviation parts belongs to the technical field of numerical control machining of large-scale aviation parts and comprises a workbench 1, a base 2, an adjusting bolt 3, an adjusting handle 4 and at least three guide posts 5, referring to FIGS. 1-5, the base 2 is provided with a mounting hole I6 and a mounting hole II7 matched with the guide posts 5, the workbench 1 is provided with a through hole 8, the mounting hole I6 is arranged at the center of the base 2, and one end of the adjusting bolt 3 is in threaded connection with the mounting hole I6; the other end of the guide post is attached to the lower surface of the workbench 1, the adjusting handle 4 is matched with the adjusting bolt 3 to adjust the height of the adjusting bolt 3, and one end of the guide post 5 is arranged in the mounting hole II 7; the other end of the connecting rod penetrates through the through hole 8 and is fixed through a limit stop 9 and a fastener 10, and the mounting holes II7 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the mounting hole I6.

Preferably, the end of the adjusting bolt 3 close to the working platform 1 is designed into a wedge-shaped structure, refer to fig. 2 and 3, and is in contact with the working platform 1.

Preferably, the guide post 5 is a stepped cylinder, one end of the guide post 5 is in interference fit with the mounting hole II7, the other end of the guide post is in close fit with the through hole 8 on the workbench 1, and the workbench 1 can slide along the direction of the guide post 5.

Preferably, the fastener 10 may be a bolt or a screw or a pin.

Preferably, the guide posts 5 include three guide posts uniformly distributed on the circumferential side of the adjusting bolt 3.

Preferably, the upper surfaces and the lower surfaces of the workbench 1 and the base 2 are both square flat plates.

Preferably, the middle part of the adjusting bolt 3 is provided with an annular boss 11, reference is made to 4-5, the annular boss 11 is provided with a plurality of adjusting holes 12 matched with the adjusting handle 4, and the adjusting holes 12 are uniformly distributed on the annular boss 11.

Example 3

A use method of the posture adjusting cushion block comprises the following steps:

a. selecting a proper number of posture adjusting cushion blocks as in embodiment 1 or 2 according to the structural characteristics of the part 13 or the tool 14 to form a cushion block group, and placing the cushion block group on a horizontal plane, wherein the cushion block group needs to meet the placing requirements of conveniently screwing the adjusting bolt 3 and stably placing the part 13 or the tool 14, and the individual bearing of each posture adjusting cushion block is the same;

b. then, the part 13 or the part 13 and the tool 14 are integrally placed on the workbench 1 of the cushion block group;

c. measuring the part 13 or the part 13 and the tool 14 integrally by using a measuring tool, and then screwing the adjusting bolt 3 by using the adjusting handle 4 to adjust the height of each posture adjusting cushion block according to the measuring result, so as to integrally adjust the part 13 or the part 13 and the tool 14 to a target position;

d. after the posture adjustment of the part 13 or the whole part 13 and the tool 14 is completed, the part 13 or the whole part 13 and the whole tool 14 and the cushion block are jointly fixed on the machine tool workbench 15.

Further, in the step c, the measurement of the part 13 or the whole part 13 and the tooling 14 by using the measuring tool includes measuring a reference hole, a reference surface or a typical structure thereof.

Further, in the step c, a specific operation method for adjusting the height of each posture adjusting cushion block by screwing the adjusting bolt 3 with the adjusting handle 4 is as follows: the pitch of an adjusting bolt 3 of the posture adjusting cushion block is P, an adjusting handle 4 is used for screwing for 1 degree, the height change of the workbench 1 of the posture adjusting cushion block is P/360, the height H needing to be adjusted is obtained according to the measuring result, and the angle alpha needing to be screwed is =360 multiplied by H/P.

It should be noted that, in the present scheme, the "same load bearing" mentioned in the individual load bearing of each of the posture adjustment cushion blocks is the same, and does not mean the absolute same, on one hand, the specification of the posture adjustment cushion block selected by the user is the same, and the materials and the like are also the same, so that the individual load bearing of the posture adjustment cushion block is the same as much as possible, and thus the posture adjustment deviation can be reduced as much as possible.

Example 4

This embodiment takes a large component (hereinafter referred to as "the component") of a certain type of airplane as an example, as shown in fig. 6, and further explains the present solution,

determining the flatness of the workbench 1 of the used posture adjusting cushion block to be 0.02mm and the size to be 150mm x 150mm according to the tolerance distribution of the assembly; the adjusting bolt 3 selects an M30 bolt, the thread pitch is 1.5mm, therefore, the height adjusting precision of the cushion block is 1.5mm/360/°, in order to facilitate screwing, an annular boss 11 is arranged in the middle of the adjusting bolt 3 along the circumferential direction of the adjusting bolt 3, and 6 phi 12 adjusting holes 12 are uniformly formed in the annular boss 11 and used in cooperation with the adjusting handle 4. The size matching between the guide post 5 of the posture adjusting cushion block and the workbench 1 is phi 22H9/f9, and the size matching with the base 2 is phi 25H7/r 6.

The specific technical scheme is as follows:

a: because the tooling 14 of the assembly has 26 feet, in order to ensure that the assembly can be reliably and stably fixed, 26 identical posture adjusting cushion blocks are arranged below each foot, and the individual bearing of each posture adjusting cushion block is basically the same at the moment. In order to ensure the flatness of the assembly, a workbench 1 of a cushion block group consisting of 26 posture adjusting cushion blocks needs to be matched with a machine tool workbench 15 to cut the assembly, and the height of the initial position of the cushion block group is ensured to be 79 +/-0.05;

b. placing the assembly and the matched tool 14 on the cushion block group in the step a;

c. measuring a reference hole on the component by using a special measuring tool, and adjusting the height of the posture adjusting cushion block of each supporting point according to the measuring result to ensure that the deviation between the actual posture and the theoretical posture of the component is within 0.1 mm;

firstly, measuring a reference hole on a part 13;

evaluating the measurement result, and calculating the height of the posture adjusting cushion block at each supporting point to be adjusted;

thirdly, an adjusting bolt 3 is screwed by using an adjusting handle 4, so that the workbench 1 of the posture adjusting cushion block reaches the expected height in the second step, and the deviation between the actual posture and the theoretical posture of the assembly is ensured to be within 0.1 mm;

fourthly, rechecking the reference hole of the part 13 after finishing the posture adjustment, and evaluating the posture adjustment accuracy;

d. and (3) integrally fixing all the tool 14 feet and the posture adjusting cushion blocks on the machine tool workbench 15 by using a pressing plate to finish the posture adjusting process, and further processing.

The whole clamping and posture adjusting process takes 0.5h, and the time is saved by about 7.5h compared with the conventional mode of adding a cushion and adjusting the posture. The whole posture adjusting mode can ensure that the planeness of the part 13 reaches the requirement of 0.1mm, the precision reaches the requirement of +/-0.1 mm, and the design requirement is met.

The method provided by the embodiment can effectively solve the problem of posture adjustment of the assembly, greatly shortens the processing period, reduces the working labor intensity, improves the safety and reliability, and has extremely high popularization value.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.