阅读说明：本技术 一种圈类锻件的体外锻造方法 (External forging method of ring forging ) 是由 刘凯泉 杨晓禹 刘敬杰 许四海 周岩 李行波 郭义 于 2021-03-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种圈类锻件的体外锻造方法,属于锻件锻造技术领域,解决了锻压设备的结构和尺寸限制而无法将超大型锻件进行整锻的问题。本发明的体外锻造方法为将梁体的上端面与锻压设备的活动横梁连接,梁体的一端为锻造侧,锤头设于梁体的锻造侧,梁体的另一端为非锻造侧,梁体的非锻造侧与锻压设备的安装面连接,梁体的锻造侧位于锻压设备的立柱围成的区域外；砧板设于锤头的正下方,锤头位于圈状坯料内侧,砧板位于圈状坯料外侧,圈状坯料通过旋转组件吊挂设于砧板上方；开启锻压设备,在活动横梁的活动过程中,锻造侧绕非锻造侧旋转,旋转组件驱动圈状坯料旋转,锤头对圈状坯料进行体外扩孔,得到圈类锻件。本发明的体外锻造方法可用于圈类锻件的锻造。(The invention discloses an in-vitro forging method of a ring-type forging, belongs to the technical field of forging of forgings, and solves the problem that an ultra-large forging cannot be subjected to integral forging due to the limitation of the structure and the size of forging equipment. The in-vitro forging method comprises the steps that the upper end face of a beam body is connected with a movable cross beam of forging equipment, one end of the beam body is a forging side, a hammer head is arranged on the forging side of the beam body, the other end of the beam body is a non-forging side, the non-forging side of the beam body is connected with an installation surface of the forging equipment, and the forging side of the beam body is located outside an area defined by upright columns of the forging equipment; the chopping block is arranged under the hammer head, the hammer head is positioned at the inner side of the ring-shaped blank, the chopping block is positioned at the outer side of the ring-shaped blank, and the ring-shaped blank is hung above the chopping block through the rotating component; and (3) starting forging equipment, rotating the forging side around the non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam, driving the ring-shaped blank to rotate by the rotating assembly, and carrying out in-vitro reaming on the ring-shaped blank by the hammer head to obtain the ring-shaped forge piece. The in-vitro forging method can be used for forging ring forgings.)

1. An in-vitro forging method of a ring forging is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: connecting the upper end face of a beam body of forging equipment with a movable cross beam of the forging equipment, wherein one end of the beam body is a forging side, a hammer head is arranged on the forging side of the beam body, the other end of the beam body is a non-forging side, the non-forging side of the beam body is connected with an installation surface of the forging equipment, and the forging side of the beam body is positioned outside an area surrounded by upright posts of the forging equipment;

the chopping block is arranged under the hammer head, the hammer head is positioned at the inner side of the ring-shaped blank, the chopping block is positioned at the outer side of the ring-shaped blank, the ring-shaped blank is hung above the chopping block through the rotating assembly, and the axial direction of the ring-shaped blank is parallel to the upper surface of the chopping block;

step 2: and (3) starting forging equipment, rotating the forging side around the non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam, driving the ring-shaped blank to rotate by the rotating assembly, and carrying out in-vitro reaming on the ring-shaped blank by the hammer head to obtain the ring-shaped forge piece.

2. The method for in-vitro forging of the ring-shaped forge piece according to claim 1, wherein during the moving process of the movable cross beam, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side, the beam body and the movable cross beam form an carrying pole beam, the load applied to the beam body by the movable cross beam is transmitted to the hammer head positioned on the forging side of the beam body, the ring-shaped blank is driven to rotate by the rotating assembly, and the hammer head performs in-vitro reaming on the ring-shaped blank.

3. The in-vitro forging method of the ring-shaped forging piece as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the ring-shaped blank comprises the following steps:

smelting the raw materials to obtain a steel ingot;

and sequentially carrying out water cutting and riser head on the steel ingot, and then carrying out upsetting, punching and pre-reaming in the forging equipment to obtain a ring-shaped blank.

4. The in-vitro forging method of the ring forging according to claim 3, wherein the upsetting ratio of upsetting is 2.2-2.5.

5. The in-vitro forging method of the ring forging according to claim 3, wherein the weight ratio of the steel ingot to the ring forging is 1.2-1.8.

6. The method of in vitro forging of a ring forging of claim 3, wherein the outer diameter of said ring blank is smaller than the column spacing of the forging apparatus.

7. The in-vitro forging method of the ring-shaped forging piece according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, after the hammer head performs in-vitro hole expansion on the ring-shaped blank, the method further comprises the following steps: and (4) performing rough machining, tempering and fine machining on the ring-shaped blank subjected to in-vitro hole expansion in sequence.

8. The in-vitro forging method of the ring-shaped forging piece according to claim 1, wherein the rotating assembly comprises a rotating rod, a transmission piece and a rotating machine, the rotating rod is connected with the output end of the rotating machine through the transmission piece, and the ring-shaped blank is hung above the rotating rod.

9. The in-vitro forging method of the ring forging according to the claims 1 to 8, wherein the movable cross beam is connected with a beam body through a beam body connecting piece;

the beam body connecting piece comprises an upper beam body connecting plate and a lower beam body connecting plate hung below the upper beam body connecting plate, the upper beam body connecting plate is fixedly connected with the movable cross beam, and the lower beam body connecting plate is fixedly connected with the beam body;

the upper beam body connecting plate and the lower beam body connecting plate are in cylindrical surface contact.

10. The in-vitro forging method of the ring forging according to claims 1 to 8, wherein the hammer head is connected with the forging side of the beam body through a hammer head connecting piece;

the hammer head connecting piece comprises an upper hammer head connecting plate and a lower hammer head connecting plate hung below the upper hammer head connecting plate, the upper hammer head connecting plate is fixedly connected with the forging side of the beam body, and the lower hammer head connecting plate is fixedly connected with the hammer head;

and the upper hammer head connecting plate and the lower hammer head connecting plate are in spherical contact.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of forging of forgings, and particularly relates to an in-vitro forging method of a ring-type forging.

Background

The free forging manufacturing process of the traditional ring forging is characterized in that a ring-shaped blank is placed in a forging device body to be subjected to horse-beam reaming forming, for an ultra-large cake-shaped piece with the size exceeding the structural space of the forging device body, only a plurality of tailor-welded structures can be adopted, and the tailor-welded structures are adopted in the process of manufacturing the ring-shaped forging, as shown in figure 1, the manufacturing process is complicated, the final material yield is low, the manufacturing period is long, and most importantly, the service life of the ring-shaped forging caused by the existence of a welding line is poor, so that the service life of main equipment is reduced. Meanwhile, for special equipment, in-service inspection of welding seams is required to be performed regularly, and the running cost of the main equipment is increased.

Therefore, the problem that the ultra-large forging cannot be subjected to integral forging due to the structural and size limitations of the existing forging equipment is urgently solved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide an in-vitro forging method for a ring forging, which solves the problem that the structure and size of forging equipment are limited, so that an ultra-large forging cannot be integrally forged.

The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides an in-vitro forging method of a ring forging, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: connecting the upper end face of a beam body of forging equipment with a movable cross beam of the forging equipment, wherein one end of the beam body is a forging side, a hammer head is arranged on the forging side of the beam body, the other end of the beam body is a non-forging side, the non-forging side of the beam body is connected with a mounting surface (for example, the ground) of the forging equipment, and the forging side of the beam body is positioned outside a region surrounded by upright posts of the forging equipment; the chopping block is arranged under the hammer head, the hammer head is positioned at the inner side of the ring-shaped blank, the chopping block is positioned at the outer side of the ring-shaped blank, the ring-shaped blank is hung above the chopping block through the rotating assembly, and the axial direction of the ring-shaped blank is parallel to the upper surface of the chopping block;

step 2: and (3) starting forging equipment, rotating the forging side around the non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam, driving the ring-shaped blank to rotate by the rotating assembly, and carrying out in-vitro reaming on the ring-shaped blank by the hammer head to obtain the ring-shaped forge piece.

Further, in the moving process of the movable cross beam, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side, the beam body and the movable cross beam form a shoulder pole beam, the load applied to the beam body by the movable cross beam is transmitted to a hammer head located on the forging side of the beam body, the rotating assembly drives the ring-shaped blank to rotate, and the hammer head performs in-vitro hole expansion on the ring-shaped blank.

Furthermore, the forging equipment comprises a beam body, a hammer head and a cutting board, wherein one side of the beam body, which is connected with the hammer head, is defined as a forging side, the other side of the beam body is defined as a non-forging side, namely, the hammer head is arranged on the forging side of the beam body, the non-forging side is connected with a mounting surface of the forging equipment, the cutting board is arranged right below the hammer head, and the beam body and the movable cross beam form a shoulder pole beam; in the moving process of the movable cross beam, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side, the movable cross beam of the forging and pressing equipment can transmit the load applied to the beam body to the forging side outside the forging and pressing equipment from the inside of the forging and pressing equipment, the hammer head forges the inner side of the ring-shaped blank on the chopping board, and the hammer head and the chopping board jointly act to enable the ring-shaped blank to deform, so that the external forging of the ring-shaped forging is realized.

Specifically, the preparation method of the ring-shaped blank comprises the following steps:

smelting the raw materials to obtain a steel ingot;

and sequentially carrying out water cutting and riser head on the steel ingot, then carrying out upsetting, punching and pre-reaming (for example, reaming a strut) in the body of the forging equipment to obtain a ring-shaped blank, and carrying out pre-reaming on the steel ingot after punching to the maximum diameter of the ring-shaped blank which can be prepared by the forging equipment.

Further, the upsetting ratio of the upsetting is controlled to be 2.2 to 2.5.

Further, the weight ratio of the steel ingot to the ring forging is 1.2-1.8 (for example, 1.5).

Further, the outer diameter of the ring-shaped blank (i.e., the diameter of the entire ring-shaped blank) is smaller than the column pitch of the forging apparatus.

Further, the difference between the column pitch and the outer diameter of the ring-shaped blank is 100 to 150 mm.

Further, in the step 2, after the hammer head performs in-vitro hole expansion on the inner side of the ring-shaped blank, the method further includes the following steps: and (4) performing rough machining, tempering and fine machining on the ring-shaped blank subjected to in-vitro hole expansion in sequence.

Further, the rotating assembly comprises a rotating rod (for example, a horse bar), a transmission piece (for example, a chain) and a rotating machine (for example, a cylinder turning machine), the rotating rod is connected with the output end of the rotating machine through the transmission piece, and the ring-shaped blank is hung above the rotating rod.

Further, above-mentioned forging equipment still includes roof beam body connecting piece, and movable cross beam passes through roof beam body connecting piece and roof beam body coupling, and particularly, roof beam body connecting piece includes roof beam body connecting plate and hangs the underbeam body connecting plate of locating the roof beam body connecting plate below, is face of cylinder contact between roof beam body connecting plate and the underbeam body connecting plate, and roof beam body connecting plate and movable cross beam fixed connection, underbeam body connecting plate and roof beam body fixed connection.

Furthermore, the convex radius of the upper beam body connecting plate is smaller than that of the lower beam body connecting plate.

Further, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate to the concave radius of the lower beam connecting plate is 0.9-0.98: 1.

further, the convex radius of the upper beam body connecting plate is calculated by adopting the following formula:

δ＝R×sinα

delta is the maximum unbalance loading center distance of forging equipment, R is the convex radius of the upper beam body connecting plate 5, and alpha is the maximum inclination angle of the bearing plate.

Further, above-mentioned forging equipment still includes the tup connecting piece, and above-mentioned tup passes through the tup connecting piece and is connected with the forging side of the roof beam body, and particularly, the tup connecting piece includes the tup connecting plate and hangs the lower tup connecting plate of locating last tup connecting plate below, goes up for the sphere contact between tup connecting plate and the lower tup connecting plate, goes up the tup connecting plate and forges side fixed connection, lower tup connecting plate and tup fixed connection with the roof beam body.

Furthermore, the radius of the convex surface of the upper hammer head connecting plate is smaller than the radius of the concave surface of the lower hammer head connecting plate.

Further, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper hammer head connecting plate to the concave spherical radius of the lower hammer head connecting plate is 0.9-0.98: 1.

further, the forging apparatus further includes a spring case, and the non-forging side of the beam body is supported on the mounting surface of the forging apparatus through the spring case.

Further, the elastic box comprises a box body, a box cover, a spring (such as a disc spring) and a guide pillar, wherein one end of the guide pillar is supported at the bottom of the box body through the spring, the box cover is arranged at the other end of the guide pillar, a gap is formed between the box body and the box cover, the box body is arranged on a mounting surface of the forging and pressing equipment, and the non-forging side of the beam body is supported on the box cover.

Further, the spring comprises a plurality of disc springs arranged along the axial direction of the spring, and the plurality of disc springs form a set of spring.

Furthermore, the elastic box also comprises a spring guide cylinder arranged in the box body and a guide post guide cylinder arranged in the box cover, wherein the spring part is arranged in the spring guide cylinder, and the other end of the guide post is inserted into the guide post guide cylinder.

Further, the spring guide cylinder and the guide post guide cylinder can be both cylindrical in shape.

Furthermore, above-mentioned forging equipment still includes box connecting piece, and the non-forging side of the roof beam body is passed through box connecting piece and is connected with the elastic box, and particularly, box connecting piece includes last box connecting plate and hangs the lower box connecting plate of locating in last box connecting plate below, is face of cylinder contact between last box connecting plate and the lower box connecting plate, goes up box connecting plate and the non-forging side fixed connection of the roof beam body, lower box connecting plate and elastic box fixed connection.

Furthermore, the radius of the convex surface of the upper box connecting plate is smaller than that of the concave surface of the lower box connecting plate.

Further, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper box connecting plate to the concave radius of the lower box connecting plate is 0.9-0.98: 1.

compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:

a) in the in-vitro forging method of the ring forging, the upper end face of the beam body is connected with the movable cross beam of the forging equipment through the arrangement of the beam body, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam to form the shoulder pole beam, compared with the movable cross beam, the moving distance of the forging side is larger than that of the movable cross beam, and the forging forming process is moved out of the forging equipment, so that the ring forging is not limited by the structural size (such as span and column spacing) of the forging equipment, and the ring forging exceeding the span is integrally formed in a free forging mode.

b) The invention provides an external forging method of a ring forging, which is characterized in that a beam body is in spherical or cylindrical surface contact with a movable cross beam, a hammer head and an elastic box through arrangement of a beam body connecting piece, a hammer head connecting piece and a box body connecting piece, so that the connection between the beam body and the movable cross beam, the connection between the hammer head and the elastic box can be converted into flexible connection, the relative sliding and rotation of the beam body and the movable cross beam are ensured, the stability and the high efficiency of forging equipment are furthest ensured while force transmission is realized, and technical guarantee is provided for engineering application of external forging and batch production of ultra-large ring forgings.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.

Drawings

The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the particular invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ring forging with a tailor-welded structure in the prior art;

FIG. 2 is a front view of a forging apparatus used in the method for forging a ring-like forging in vitro according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of a spring box of a forging apparatus used in a method for in-vitro forging of a ring forging according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic forging diagram illustrating an in-vitro forging method for a ring forging according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic forging diagram of a prior art in-vivo forging method for a ring-type forging.

Reference numerals:

1-a beam body; 2-a hammer head; 3-cutting board; 4-a movable cross beam; 5-connecting the upper beam body; 6-lower beam body connecting plate; 7-ring-shaped blank; 8-a flexible box; 81-box body; 82-a box cover; 83-a spring; 84-guide pillars; 85-spring guide cylinder; 86-guide post guide cylinder; 87-upper box connection plate; 88-lower box connecting plate; 9-upper hammer head connecting plate; 10-lower hammer head connecting plate; 11-upright post; 12-a rotating rod; 13-a transmission member; 14-rotating machine.

Detailed Description

The preferred invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the term "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, which may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, which may be a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium.

The terms "top," "bottom," "above … …," "below," and "on … …" as used throughout the description are relative positions with respect to components of the device, such as the relative positions of the top and bottom substrates inside the device. It will be appreciated that the devices are multifunctional, regardless of their orientation in space.

The general working surface of the invention can be a plane or a curved surface, can be inclined or horizontal. For convenience of explanation, the embodiments of the present invention are placed on a horizontal plane and used on the horizontal plane, and are defined as "high and low" and "up and down".

Example one

The embodiment provides an in-vitro forging method of a ring forging, and with reference to fig. 2 to 4, the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: the upper end face of a beam body 1 of forging equipment is connected with a movable cross beam 4 of the forging equipment, a hammer 2 is arranged on the forging side of the beam body 1, the non-forging side of the beam body 1 is connected with the mounting surface of the forging equipment, and the forging side of the beam body 1 is positioned outside a region surrounded by a stand column 11 of the forging equipment; the chopping block 3 is arranged under the hammer head 2, the hammer head 2 is positioned at the inner side of the ring-shaped blank 7, the chopping block 3 is positioned at the outer side of the ring-shaped blank 7, and the ring-shaped blank 7 is hung above the chopping block 3 through a rotating component;

step 2: and (3) starting forging equipment, rotating the forging side around the non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam 4, driving the ring-shaped blank 7 to rotate by the rotating assembly, and carrying out in-vitro hole expansion on the ring-shaped blank 7 by the hammer head 2 to obtain the ring-shaped forging.

Specifically, the forging equipment comprises a beam body 1, a hammer head 2 and a cutting board 3, wherein one end of the beam body 1 is defined as a forging side, the other end of the beam body 1 is defined as a non-forging side, the hammer head 2 is arranged on the forging side of the beam body 1, the non-forging side is connected with a mounting surface of the forging equipment, the cutting board 3 is arranged right below the hammer head 2, and the beam body 1 and a movable cross beam 4 form a shoulder pole beam; in the moving process of the movable cross beam 4, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side, the load applied to the beam body 1 by the movable cross beam 4 of the forging and pressing equipment can be transmitted to the forging side outside the forging and pressing equipment from the inside of the forging and pressing equipment, the hammer 2 forges the inner side of the ring-shaped blank 7 on the chopping board 3, and the hammer 2 and the chopping board 3 jointly act to enable the ring-shaped blank 7 to deform, so that the external forging of the ring-shaped forging is realized.

Compared with the prior art, the external forging method of the ring forging provided by the embodiment is characterized in that the upper end face of the beam body 1 is connected with the movable cross beam 4 of the forging equipment through the arrangement of the beam body 1, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam 4 to form the carrying pole beam, compared with the movable cross beam 4, the moving distance of the forging side is larger than that of the movable cross beam 4, and the forging forming process is moved outside the forging equipment, so that the external forging method of the ring forging is not limited by the structural size (such as span and the distance between the stand columns 11) of the forging equipment, and the ring forging exceeding the span is integrally formed in a free forging mode.

Specifically, the method for preparing the ring-shaped blank 7 includes the steps of:

smelting the raw materials to obtain a steel ingot;

and sequentially carrying out dead head cutting, upsetting, punching and pre-reaming (for example, saddle bar reaming) on the steel ingot to obtain the ring-shaped blank 7, wherein the upsetting, the punching and the pre-reaming of the ring-shaped blank 7 are carried out in the body of the forging equipment, and the steel ingot after punching is subjected to the pre-reaming to reach the maximum diameter of the ring-shaped blank 7 which can be produced by the forging equipment.

The purpose of upsetting is to make the structure of the steel ingot uniform, convert the cast structure generated in the solidification process of the steel ingot into an equiaxial structure, weld the holes in the steel ingot and improve the compactness of the ring forging.

Illustratively, the upsetting ratio of the upsetting is controlled to be 2.2-2.5.

Considering that the steel ingot is lost in the processing process, a certain loss amount needs to be reserved, and for example, the weight ratio of the steel ingot to the weight of the ring forging is 1.2-1.8 (for example, 1.5), so that the water riser cutting amount and the fire loss of each fire number in the upsetting blanking and cogging processes of the steel ingot can be effectively compensated by reserving the certain loss amount.

In order to facilitate the removal of the annular billet 7 from the forging equipment, the outer diameter of the annular billet 7 (i.e., the diameter of the entire annular billet 7) is smaller than the pitch of the columns 11 of the forging equipment, and the difference between the pitch of the columns 11 and the outer diameter of the annular billet 7 is, for example, 100 to 150 mm. The outer diameter of the ring-shaped blank 7 is limited in the range, so that the integral diameter of the ring-shaped blank 7 can be increased as much as possible, the requirement of in-vitro forging of ultra-large ring-shaped forgings is met, the ring-shaped blank 7 can be conveniently taken out of forging equipment, and the ring-shaped blank 7 is prevented from colliding with the upright post 11 of the forging equipment when being moved out of the forging equipment.

In order to complete the subsequent manufacturing process, in step 2, after the hammer head 2 performs in-vitro hole expansion on the inner side of the ring-shaped blank 7, the method further includes the following steps: and (3) performing rough machining, tempering and finish machining on the ring-shaped blank 7 subjected to in-vitro hole expansion in sequence.

As for the structure of the rotating assembly, in particular, it comprises a rotating rod 12 (for example, a horse bar), a transmission member 13 (for example, a chain) and a rotating machine 14 (for example, a cylinder turning machine), the rotating rod 12 is connected with the output end of the rotating machine 14 through the transmission member 13, and the ring-shaped blank 7 is hung above the rotating rod 12. In implementation, the rotating machine 14 is started, the rotating machine 14 drives the rotating rod 12 to rotate through the transmission part 13, and then the ring-shaped blank 7 is driven to rotate, so that the entire ring-shaped blank 7 is forged outside by the hammer 2.

It should be noted that the external reaming of the ring-like blank 7 in this embodiment is different from the conventional internal reaming. Specifically, the hole is expanded in the body, the hammer head is arranged in forging equipment, the ring-like blank is supported in the forging equipment through a rack of a bridge, the hammer head is pressed downwards, and the ring-like blank is formed by the hammer head and the bridge, which is shown in fig. 5; in the embodiment, for the external reaming of the ring-shaped blank 7, a cross bar frame needs to be cancelled, the cross bar is lifted by a steel turnover machine and only plays a role of rotating the blank, and the ring-shaped blank 7 is formed by the hammer 2 and the chopping block 3, which is shown in fig. 4.

It is worth noting that, in the moving process of the movable cross beam 4, the moving of the movable cross beam 4 is up-and-down movement, the moving of the beam body 1 is combined movement of up-and-down movement and rotation, in order to make up the movement difference between the movable cross beam 4 and the beam body 1, the forging and pressing equipment further comprises a beam body connecting piece, the movable cross beam 4 is connected with the beam body 1 through the beam body connecting piece, specifically, the beam body connecting piece comprises an upper beam body connecting plate 5 and a lower beam body connecting plate 6 hung below the upper beam body connecting plate 5, the upper beam body connecting plate 5 is in cylindrical surface contact with the lower beam body connecting plate 6, the upper beam body connecting plate 5 is fixedly connected with the movable cross beam 4, and the lower beam body connecting plate 6 is fixedly connected with the beam body 1. Like this, through set up roof beam body connecting piece between movable cross beam 4 and roof beam body 1, the face of cylinder between roof beam body connecting plate 5 and the underbeam body connecting plate 6 slides in the roof beam body connecting piece, can compensate the motion difference between movable cross beam 4 and the roof beam body 1, make roof beam body 1 and movable cross beam 4 follow-up, realize the swing and the rotation of certain range, turn into cylinder flexonics with the rigid connection between roof beam body 1 and movable cross beam 4, avoid movable cross beam 4 and roof beam body 1 to produce too big strong moment of torsion in the junction.

In order to ensure the smoothness of the sliding cylindrical surface between the upper beam connecting plate 5 and the lower beam connecting plate 6, the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 is smaller than the concave radius of the lower beam connecting plate 6, and exemplarily, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 to the concave radius of the lower beam connecting plate 6 is 0.9 to 0.98: 1. this is because, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 to the concave radius of the lower beam connecting plate 6 is limited within the above range, and not only can the smoothness of sliding between the upper beam connecting plate 5 and the lower beam connecting plate 6 be ensured, but also the contact area between the upper beam connecting plate 5 and the lower beam connecting plate 6 can be ensured, thereby effectively resisting impact load.

It is worth noting that the convex radius design of the upper beam connecting plate 5 depends on the maximum offset center distance of the forging equipment and the maximum inclination angle of the bearing plate, and the larger the maximum inclination angle is, the larger the required convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 is, specifically, the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 is calculated by the following formula:

δ＝R×sinα

delta is the maximum unbalance loading center distance of forging equipment, R is the convex radius of the upper beam body connecting plate 5, and alpha is the maximum inclination angle of the bearing plate.

It is also worth noting that the movement of the beam body 1 is rotation, in order to ensure that the working surface of the hammer head 2 can better contact with the ring-shaped blank 7, the forging device further comprises a hammer head connecting piece, the hammer head 2 is connected with the forging side of the beam body 1 through the hammer head connecting piece, particularly, the hammer head connecting piece comprises an upper hammer head connecting plate 9 and a lower hammer head connecting plate 10 hung below the upper hammer head connecting plate 9, the upper hammer head connecting plate 9 is in spherical contact with the lower hammer head connecting plate 10, the upper hammer head connecting plate 9 is fixedly connected with the forging side of the beam body 1, and the lower hammer head connecting plate 10 is fixedly connected with the hammer head 2. This is because, the height of circle class forging in deformation process reduces gradually, increase along with the decrement of tup 2, roof beam body 1 can take place the tilting of certain degree, through set up the tup connecting piece between the forging side at tup 2 and roof beam body 1, the sphere slip between middle and upper tup connecting plate 9 of tup connecting piece and lower tup connecting plate 10, can turn into the cylinder flexonics with the rigid connection between the forging side of tup 2 and roof beam body 1, make tup 2 can take place the swing of certain degree, guarantee the forging face of the axis perpendicular to circle form blank 7 of tup 2, be surface contact between the working face of tup 2 and the forging face of circle form blank 7, improve the quality of forging gained circle class forging.

In order to guarantee the gliding smoothness nature of sphere between last tup connecting plate 9 and the lower tup connecting plate 10, the convex surface radius of above-mentioned last tup connecting plate 9 is less than the concave surface spherical radius of lower tup connecting plate 10, and exemplarily, the convex surface radius of going up tup connecting plate 9 is 0.9 ~ 0.98 with the concave surface spherical radius's of lower tup connecting plate 10 ratio: 1. this is because, inject the convex surface radius of last tup connecting plate 9 and the concave surface spherical radius of lower tup connecting plate 10 in above-mentioned within range, not only can guarantee to go up the gliding smoothness nature of sphere between tup connecting plate 9 and the lower tup connecting plate 10, can also guarantee to go up the area of contact of tup connecting plate 9 and lower tup connecting plate 10 to effective impact load.

In order to buffer the impact on the non-forging side for the connection between the non-forging side of the beam body 1 and the mounting surface of the forging apparatus, the forging apparatus further comprises an elastic box 8, and the non-forging side of the beam body 1 is supported on the mounting surface of the forging apparatus through the elastic box 8. Like this, through the setting of bellows 8, when the free cross beam 4 downstream and to the roof beam body 1 applys load, the non-forging side of the roof beam body 1 can earlier contact with bellows 8, bellows 8 can carry out the flexible support to the non-forging side of the roof beam body 1, elastic deformation through bellows 8 can cushion the impact that the non-forging side received, thereby avoid breaking away by the forging and pressing equipment that the impact leads to, play the effect of protection forging and pressing equipment, the life of extension forging and pressing equipment.

As for the structure of the spring case 8, specifically, it includes a case 81, a case cover 82, a spring 83 (for example, the spring 83 includes a plurality of disc springs arranged in the axial direction of the spring 83, the plurality of disc springs constitute a set of spring 83), and a guide post 84, one end of the guide post 84 is supported on the bottom of the case 81 by the spring 83, the case cover 82 is covered on the other end of the guide post 84 with a gap between the case 81 and the case cover 82, the case 81 is provided on the mounting surface of the forging apparatus, and the non-forging side of the beam body 1 is supported on the case cover 82. Thus, the cover 82 is supported on the case 81 by the spring 83 and the guide post 84 with a certain clearance from the case 81, and when the movable cross member 4 moves downward and applies a load to the beam body 1, the spring 83 is shortened to move the cover 82 in a direction approaching the case 81, and when the movable cross member 4 moves upward and does not apply a load to the beam body 1, the spring 83 is lengthened to move the cover 82 in a direction away from the case 81, and the elastic deformation of the elastic case 8 is imparted by providing the spring 83 between the case 81 and the cover 82.

Considering that the deformation direction of the spring 83 and the moving direction of the guide post 84 affect the motion stability of the box cover 82 and the non-forging side of the beam body 1, the spring box 8 further includes a spring guide 85 disposed in the box body 81 and a guide post guide 86 disposed in the box cover 82, the spring 83 is partially disposed in the spring guide 85, the other end of the guide post 84 is inserted into the guide post guide 86, and as for the shapes of the spring guide 85 and the guide post guide 86, the shapes of both may be cylindrical, for example. Like this, can lead the deformation direction of spring 83 through spring guide cylinder 85, reduce rocking and the slope of spring 83 in deformation process, can lead the direction of motion of guide pillar 84 through guide pillar guide cylinder 86, reduce rocking and the slope of guide pillar 84 in the motion process to can guarantee the motion stability of case lid 82 and the non-forging side of roof beam body 1.

It should also be noted that, during the movement of the movable cross beam 4, there is also a torque between the beam 1 and the elastic box 8, and therefore, the forging apparatus further includes a box connecting member, the non-forging side of the beam 1 is connected to the elastic box 8 through the box connecting member, specifically, the box connecting member includes an upper box connecting plate 87 and a lower box connecting plate 88 hung below the upper box connecting plate 87, the upper box connecting plate 87 and the lower box connecting plate 88 are in cylindrical surface contact, the upper box connecting plate 87 is fixedly connected to the non-forging side of the beam 1, and the lower box connecting plate 88 is fixedly connected to the elastic box 8 (i.e., the box cover 82). Like this, through set up the box connecting piece between the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8, the face of cylinder between middle and upper box connecting plate 87 of box connecting piece and lower box connecting plate 88 slides, can compensate the motion difference between the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8, make the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8 follow-up, realize swing and rotation of certain range, turn into cylinder flexonics with the rigid connection between the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8, avoid the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8 to produce too big strong moment of torsion in the junction.

In order to ensure the smoothness of the cylindrical surface sliding between the upper box connecting plate 87 and the lower box connecting plate 88, the convex radius of the upper box connecting plate 87 is smaller than the concave radius of the lower box connecting plate 88, and illustratively, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper box connecting plate 87 to the concave radius of the lower box connecting plate 88 is 0.9-0.98: 1. this is because, by limiting the ratio of the convex radius of the upper tank connecting plate 87 to the concave radius of the lower tank connecting plate 88 within the above range, not only can the smoothness of the sliding of the cylindrical surface between the upper tank connecting plate 87 and the lower tank connecting plate 88 be ensured, but also the contact area between the upper tank connecting plate 87 and the lower tank connecting plate 88 can be ensured, thereby effectively resisting the impact load.

It should be noted that, in the forging equipment used for forging in the past, all parts are rigidly connected, and the loss to the forging equipment and the forging equipment is large, in the external forging method of the ring forging provided by this embodiment, through the arrangement of the beam body connecting piece, the hammer head connecting piece and the box body connecting piece, the beam body 1 and the movable cross beam 4, the hammer head 2 and the elastic box 8 are all in spherical or cylindrical surface contact, and the connections between the beam body 1 and the movable cross beam 4, and between the hammer head 2 and the elastic box 8 can all be converted into flexible connections, so that relative sliding and rotation between the four parts are ensured, while force transmission is realized, the stability and the high efficiency of the forging equipment are ensured to the maximum, and a technical guarantee is provided for realizing the engineering application of external forging and the mass production of super-large ring forgings.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.