阅读说明：本技术 一种管板成形的坯料及其制作方法、管板体外锻造方法 (Blank for tube plate forming, manufacturing method thereof and tube plate in-vitro forging method ) 是由 杨晓禹 刘凯泉 李行波 刘敬杰 许四海 周岩 胡杰 于 2021-03-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种管板成形的坯料及其制作方法、管板体外锻造方法,属于管板锻造技术领域,解决了现有压力机无法对超出档距的超大型管板采用自由锻的方式进行整体成形的问题。本发明的坯料包括体内锻造区以及位于体内锻造区边缘的体外锻造区；体内锻造区的厚度小于体外锻造区的厚度,所述体内锻造区的厚度为管板成形的最终尺寸。本发明的制作方法为在锻压设备内,对原始坯料进行墩粗和展宽；对待处理坯的中心区域进行锻造,形成体内锻造区,未开凹和精整部分为体外锻造区,从而制得管板成形的坯料。本发明的管板成形的坯料及其制作方法、管板体外锻造方法可用于管板的成形。(The invention discloses a blank for tube plate forming, a manufacturing method thereof and a tube plate external forging method, belongs to the technical field of tube plate forging, and solves the problem that the existing press machine cannot carry out integral forming on an ultra-large tube plate exceeding the span by adopting a free forging mode. The blank comprises an in-vivo forging area and an in-vitro forging area positioned at the edge of the in-vivo forging area; the thickness of the internal forging area is smaller than that of the external forging area, and the thickness of the internal forging area is the final size of the formed tube plate. The manufacturing method of the invention is that the original blank is subjected to upsetting and widening in forging equipment; and forging the central area of the blank to be processed to form an in-vivo forging area, wherein the non-dented and finished part is the in-vitro forging area, so that the blank for forming the tube plate is prepared. The blank for forming the tube plate, the manufacturing method thereof and the method for forging the tube plate in vitro can be used for forming the tube plate.)

1. The blank for forming the tube plate is characterized by comprising an internal forging area and an external forging area positioned at the edge of the internal forging area;

the thickness of the internal forging area is smaller than that of the external forging area, and the thickness of the internal forging area is the final size of the formed tube plate.

2. The tube sheet-forming blank according to claim 1, wherein the blank has an i-shaped cross-sectional shape in the axial direction.

3. The blank formed in a tube sheet of claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the outer forged section of the blank is less than the column spacing of the forging apparatus.

4. A tube sheet forming blank according to claim 3, wherein the difference between the column pitch and the outer diameter D of the outer forged section of the blank is 100 to 150 mm.

5. A tube sheet forming blank according to claim 1, wherein the in-body forging region diameter is calculated using the formula:

D₂for the column spacing of forging apparatus, L₂The transverse distance from the extension of the upright column to the center of the forging equipment, the transverse distance from the hammer head of the tool auxiliary tool for in-vitro forging to the center of the forging equipment is L1, and the final diameter of the blank is D.

6. The tube sheet forming blank of claim 5, wherein the in-vitro forging zone thickness is calculated using the formula:

v is the final volume of the tube sheet, D is the final diameter of the blank, H is the thickness of the in-body forging zone, and H is the thickness of the in-body forging zone.

7. A method of making a tube sheet formed blank for making a tube sheet formed blank according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising the steps of:

step 1: upsetting and drawing the steel ingot to obtain an original blank;

step 2: upsetting and widening an original blank in forging equipment to obtain a blank to be processed;

and step 3: and forging the central area of the blank to be processed to form an in-vivo forging area, wherein the non-dented and finished part is the in-vitro forging area, so that the blank for forming the tube plate is prepared.

8. The method of making a tube sheet shaped blank according to claim 7, wherein said step 3 comprises the steps of:

step 31: carrying out notching and finishing on one surface of the blank to be processed to obtain a single-surface notched blank;

step 32: and (3) turning the blank with the concave on the single surface by 180 degrees, padding a bottom pad on the concave on the single surface, performing offset on the other surface of the blank to be processed to form an in-vivo forging area, and taking the part which is not concave and is finished as an in-vitro forging area to obtain the blank for forming the tube plate.

9. An external forging method for a pipe plate body is characterized by comprising the following steps:

producing a blank for forming a tube sheet, the blank being produced by the production method for a blank for forming a tube sheet according to claims 7 and 8;

and (3) forging the in-vitro forging area of the blank by using the hammer head of the auxiliary tool of the tool outside the forging equipment to obtain the tube plate.

10. The tube plate external forging method of claim 9, wherein the tooling auxiliary comprises a beam body, a hammer head and a forging platform, one end of the beam body is a forging side, the hammer head is arranged on the forging side of the beam body, the other end of the beam body is a non-forging side, the non-forging side of the beam body is connected with a mounting surface of forging equipment, the forging side of the beam body is located outside a region enclosed by upright columns of the forging equipment, the forging platform is arranged right below the hammer head, the upper end surface of the beam body is connected with a movable cross beam of the forging equipment, and a blank is placed on the forging platform;

in the moving process of the movable cross beam, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side, and the hammer head forges the external forging area of the blank, so that the external forging area of the blank deforms, and the tube plate is obtained.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tube plate forging, and particularly relates to a blank for tube plate forming, a manufacturing method thereof and a tube plate external forging method.

Background

The ultra-large tube plate is an important part for manufacturing ultra-large chemical containers, the installed capacity of the reactor is gradually increased along with the development of the chemical industry in China, and the diameter of the required ultra-large tube plate is larger and larger, particularly the diameter of an ethylene oxide or ethylene glycol refining reactor is about 10m, and the diameter of the required tube plate is about 9 m. Because the diameter of the tube plate with the size exceeds the distance between the upright posts of all domestic free forging and forging equipment, a multi-segment tailor-welding manufacturing process has to be adopted for manufacturing the ultra-large tube plate, the manufacturing cost of the process is high, the material utilization rate is low, the manufacturing period is long, and more importantly, the quality of a welding seam is difficult to ensure due to thick plate welding.

Therefore, the problem that the ultra-large tube plate cannot be subjected to integral forging due to the size limitation of the existing forging equipment is urgently solved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a blank for tube sheet forming, a method for manufacturing the same, and a method for forging a tube sheet in vitro, which solve the problem that the existing press machine cannot perform integral forming on an ultra-large tube sheet exceeding the span by a free forging method.

The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a blank for forming a tube plate, which comprises an internal forging area and an external forging area positioned at the edge of the internal forging area, wherein the thickness of the internal forging area is less than that of the external forging area, the thickness of the internal forging area is the final size of the tube plate, and the section of the blank along the axial direction is in an I shape, namely the shape of the blank is thin in the middle and thick in the periphery.

Further, the outer diameter of the external forging area of the blank is smaller than the column spacing of the forging equipment.

Furthermore, the difference between the distance between the columns and the outer diameter of the external forging area of the blank is 100-150 mm.

Further, the diameter of the in-vivo forging zone is calculated by the following formula:

wherein d is the diameter of the in-vivo forging area, m; d₂The column spacing of the forging equipment is m; l is₂The transverse distance m from the extension of the upright column to the center of forging equipment; l1 is the transverse distance, m, between the hammer head of the tool auxiliary for in-vitro forging and the center of forging equipment; d is the final diameter of the billet, m.

Further, the thickness H of the in-vitro forging region is calculated by the following formula according to the diameter d of the in-vivo forging region obtained by the calculation and the volume invariance principle:

wherein H is the thickness of the in-vitro forging area, m; v is the final volume of the tube sheet formation, m³(ii) a D is the final diameter of the blank, m; h is the thickness of the in-vivo forging zone, m; h is the thickness of the in-vitro forging area, m.

The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the blank for forming the tube plate, which is used for manufacturing the blank for forming the tube plate and comprises the following steps:

step 1: upsetting and drawing the steel ingot to obtain an original blank;

step 2: upsetting and widening an original blank in forging equipment to obtain a blank to be processed;

and step 3: and forging the central area of the blank to be processed to form an in-vivo forging area, wherein the non-dented and finished part is the in-vitro forging area, so that the blank for forming the tube plate is prepared.

Further, the step 3 includes the following steps:

step 31: carrying out notching on one side of a blank to be processed by adopting a strip-shaped hammer head, and then finishing by adopting a round hammer head to obtain a blank with a notched single side;

step 32: turning the blank with the concave on the single surface by 180 degrees, padding a bottom pad on the concave on the single surface, performing offset displacement on the other surface of the blank to be processed by adopting a circular hammer to form an in-vivo forging area, and taking the part without concave opening and finishing as an in-vitro forging area, thereby preparing the blank for forming the tube plate.

The invention provides an external forging method of a pipe plate body, which comprises the following steps:

manufacturing a blank for forming a tube plate, wherein the manufacturing method of the blank is the manufacturing method of the tube plate forming blank provided by the above;

and (3) forging the in-vitro forging area of the blank by using the hammer head of the auxiliary tool of the tool outside the forging equipment to obtain the tube plate.

Further, the auxiliary tool for the tool comprises a beam body, a hammer head and a forging platform, wherein one end of the beam body is a forging side, the hammer head is arranged on the forging side of the beam body, the other end of the beam body is a non-forging side, the non-forging side of the beam body is connected with a mounting surface (for example, the ground) of forging equipment, the forging side of the beam body is located outside a region defined by upright columns of the forging equipment, the forging platform is arranged right below the hammer head, the upper end face of the beam body is connected with a movable cross beam of the forging equipment, and a blank is placed on the forging platform;

in the moving process of the movable cross beam, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side, and the hammer head forges the external forging area of the blank, so that the external forging area of the blank deforms, and the tube plate is obtained.

Further, utensil is assisted to above-mentioned frock still includes roof beam body connecting piece, and the movable cross beam passes through roof beam body connecting piece and roof beam body coupling, and particularly, roof beam body connecting piece includes roof beam body connecting plate and hangs the lower beam body connecting plate of locating the roof beam body connecting plate below, is face of cylinder contact between roof beam body connecting plate and the lower beam body connecting plate, and roof beam body connecting plate and movable cross beam fixed connection, lower beam body connecting plate and roof beam body fixed connection.

Furthermore, the convex radius of the upper beam body connecting plate is smaller than that of the lower beam body connecting plate.

Further, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate to the concave radius of the lower beam connecting plate is 0.9-0.98: 1.

further, the convex radius of the upper beam body connecting plate is calculated by adopting the following formula:

δ＝R×sinα

delta is the maximum unbalance loading center distance of forging equipment, R is the convex radius of the upper beam body connecting plate 5, and alpha is the maximum inclination angle of the bearing plate.

Further, utensil is assisted to above-mentioned frock still includes the tup connecting piece, and above-mentioned tup passes through the tup connecting piece and is connected with the forging side of the roof beam body, and particularly, the tup connecting piece includes the tup connecting plate and hangs the lower tup connecting plate of locating last tup connecting plate below, goes up for the sphere contact between tup connecting plate and the lower tup connecting plate, goes up the tup connecting plate and forges side fixed connection with the roof beam body, lower tup connecting plate and tup fixed connection.

Furthermore, the radius of the convex surface of the upper hammer head connecting plate is smaller than the radius of the concave surface of the lower hammer head connecting plate.

Further, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper hammer head connecting plate to the concave spherical radius of the lower hammer head connecting plate is 0.9-0.98: 1.

further, the tool assistive device further comprises an elastic box, and the non-forging side of the beam body is supported on the mounting surface of the forging equipment through the elastic box.

Further, the elastic box comprises a box body, a box cover, a spring (such as a disc spring) and a guide pillar, wherein one end of the guide pillar is supported at the bottom of the box body through the spring, the box cover is arranged at the other end of the guide pillar, a gap is formed between the box body and the box cover, the box body is arranged on a mounting surface of the forging and pressing equipment, and the non-forging side of the beam body is supported on the box cover.

Further, the spring comprises a plurality of disc springs arranged along the axial direction of the spring, and the plurality of disc springs form a set of spring.

Furthermore, the elastic box also comprises a spring guide cylinder arranged in the box body and a guide post guide cylinder arranged in the box cover, wherein the spring part is arranged in the spring guide cylinder, and the other end of the guide post is inserted into the guide post guide cylinder.

Further, the spring guide cylinder and the guide post guide cylinder can be both cylindrical in shape.

Further, utensil is assisted to above-mentioned frock still includes box connecting piece, and the non-forging side of the roof beam body is passed through box connecting piece and is connected with the elastic box, and particularly, box connecting piece includes last box connecting plate and hangs the lower box connecting plate of locating in last box connecting plate below, is face of cylinder contact between last box connecting plate and the lower box connecting plate, goes up box connecting plate and the non-forging side fixed connection of the roof beam body, lower box connecting plate and elastic box fixed connection.

Furthermore, the radius of the convex surface of the upper box connecting plate is smaller than that of the concave surface of the lower box connecting plate.

Further, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper box connecting plate to the concave radius of the lower box connecting plate is 0.9-0.98: 1.

further, the tool assistive device further comprises a rotating platform used for driving the blank to rotate, wherein the rotating platform is arranged on the oblique lower portion of the hammer head and on one side of the forging platform.

Further, the rotary platform rotates in a transmission mode of pneumatic, hydraulic or external force pushing.

Further, one side of the forging platform facing the rotating platform is conformal with the rotating platform.

Furthermore, the shape of the rotary platform is circular, the diameter of the rotary platform is smaller than that of the blank, one side of the forging platform, facing the rotary platform, is arc-shaped, and the whole shape of the forging platform is crescent.

Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:

a) the blank for forming the tube plate provided by the invention is divided into an in-vivo forging area finished in forging equipment and an in-vitro forging area finished outside the forging equipment, namely, the forging of the tube plate is divided into two procedures of in-vivo forging and in-vitro forging, so that in the in-vitro forging process of the tube plate, only the in-vitro forging area of the blank needs to be forged, and the problems that the length of a beam body is too short, and a hammer head cannot extend out for a long distance, so that the action range of the hammer head cannot completely cover the blank and only acts on the edge of the blank can be solved.

b) The invention provides a method for forging a tube plate body outside, which is characterized in that the upper end surface of a beam body is connected with a movable cross beam of forging equipment through the arrangement of the beam body, the forging side rotates around a non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam to form a shoulder pole beam, compared with the movable cross beam, the moving distance of the forging side is larger than that of the movable cross beam, and the forging forming process is moved outside the forging equipment, so that the tube plate body outside forging method is not limited by the structural size (such as span and column spacing) of the forging equipment, and an ultra-large tube plate exceeding the span is integrally formed in a free forging mode.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.

Drawings

The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the particular invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a blank for forming a tube sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a positional relationship between a blank for forming a tube plate and an upright post and a tooling fixture of a forging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for forming a blank for forming a tube sheet according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a front view of a tooling auxiliary tool used in the pipe plate body external forging method according to the third embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a front view of a tooling auxiliary device elastic box used in the pipe plate body external forging method according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1-a beam body; 2-a hammer head; 3-forging the platform; 4-a movable cross beam; 5-connecting the upper beam body; 6-lower beam body connecting plate; 7-blank; 71-in-vivo forging zone; 72-an in vitro forging zone; 8-a flexible box; 81-box body; 82-a box cover; 83-a spring; 84-guide pillars; 85-spring guide cylinder; 86-guide post guide cylinder; 87-upper box connection plate; 88-lower box connecting plate; 9-upper hammer head connecting plate; 10-lower hammer head connecting plate; 11-a rotating platform; 12-upright post.

Detailed Description

The preferred invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the term "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, which may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, which may be a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium.

The terms "top," "bottom," "above … …," "below," and "on … …" as used throughout the description are relative positions with respect to components of the device, such as the relative positions of the top and bottom substrates inside the device. It will be appreciated that the devices are multifunctional, regardless of their orientation in space.

The general working surface of the invention can be a plane or a curved surface, can be inclined or horizontal. For convenience of explanation, the embodiments of the present invention are placed on a horizontal plane and used on the horizontal plane, and are defined as "high and low" and "up and down".

The existing tube plate is formed between upright columns 12 of forging equipment, the size of a finally formed blank is smaller than the distance between the upright columns 12, and the blank can be pulled back and forth along with a platform to adjust the relative position between the blank and a hammer head in the forming process, so that the forming process of each position can be omitted, the water riser head of a steel ingot is cut off for blanking, a cover plate is firstly used for upsetting, then the flat hammer head is used for rotary forging, and the middle of the rotary forging is turned for 180 degrees once, so that deformation dead zones on two sides of the blank are deformed to a certain extent, and the final forming of the blank is completed.

For the tube plate forging with the diameter of the finally formed blank larger than the distance between the upright posts 12 of the press, on the basis of the existing forging equipment conditions, in order to realize the integral forming of the tube plate, an external forging technology is needed, namely, an external forging tool auxiliary tool is adopted to transmit the load of the forging equipment to the outside of the forging equipment, so that the tube plate realizes the forming process of the last fire outside the body. Based on the manufacturability of in-vitro forging and the characteristics of a tool auxiliary tool, the manufacturing of the tube plate is different from the traditional manufacturing process, because the diameter of a blank is larger than the distance between the upright posts 12, the last formed fire is limited by the space, the length of the main bearing beam cannot be too long, so that the hammer head cannot extend out of a long distance, the action range of the hammer head cannot completely cover the blank and only can act on the edge of the blank. In view of the above, the blank size required by the forming fire number needs to be designed reasonably to meet the requirement of final forming.

Example one

The present embodiment provides a blank for tube sheet forming, referring to fig. 1 to 2, including an inner forging region 71 and an outer forging region 72 located at the edge of the inner forging region 71, where the thickness of the inner forging region 71 is smaller than the thickness of the outer forging region 72, the thickness h of the inner forging region 71 is the final dimension for tube sheet forming, and the cross-sectional shape of the blank along the axial direction is an i-shape, that is, the shape of the blank is a shape with a thin middle and a thick periphery.

In practice, the in-vivo forging region 71 of the billet is completed in a forging device (e.g., a free forging liquid press, a crank press, a screw press, a friction press or a forging hammer), and the in-vitro forging region 72 of the billet is completed outside the forging device, and during the in-vitro forging process of the billet, since the in-vivo forging region 71 is completed in the forging device, only the in-vitro forging region 72 of the billet needs to be forged, so that the thickness of the in-vitro forging region 72 of the billet is reduced to the final size for forming the tube plate.

Compared with the prior art, the blank for tube plate forming provided by the embodiment is divided into an internal forging area 71 which is completed in forging equipment and an external forging area 72 which is completed outside the forging equipment, namely, the forging of the tube plate is divided into two processes of internal forging and external forging, so that in the external forging process of the tube plate, only the external forging area 72 of the blank is required to be forged, thereby solving the problems that the length of a beam body is too short, the hammer head cannot extend out of a longer distance and further the action range of the hammer head cannot completely cover the blank and only acts on the edge of the blank, and the blank for tube plate forming provided by the embodiment is the basis and the guarantee for realizing the external forging of the forging equipment.

In order to further facilitate the forging of the blank for forming the tube plate, the outer diameter D of the outer forging region of the blank (i.e. the diameter of the whole blank) is smaller than the distance between the columns 12 of the forging device, and the difference between the distance between the columns 12 and the outer diameter D of the outer forging region of the blank is illustratively 100 to 150 mm. The external forging area external diameter D of the blank is limited in the range, so that the integral diameter of the blank can be increased as much as possible, the requirement of external forging of an ultra-large tube plate is met, and the blank can be conveniently taken and placed from forging equipment.

For the in-vivo forging zone diameter d, it is calculated, in particular, using the following formula:

wherein d is the diameter of the in-vivo forging area, m; d₂The distance between the upright columns 12 of the forging equipment is m; l is₂The transverse distance m from the extension of the upright post 12 to the center of forging equipment; l1 is the transverse distance, m, between the hammer head of the tool auxiliary for in-vitro forging and the center of forging equipment; d is the final diameter of the billet, m.

For the thickness H of the in-vitro forging zone, the following formula is adopted to calculate according to the diameter d of the in-vivo forging zone obtained by the calculation and the volume invariance principle:

wherein H is the thickness of the in-vitro forging area, m; v is the final volume of the tube sheet formation, m³(ii) a D is the final diameter of the blank, m; h is the thickness of the in-vivo forging zone, m; h is the thickness of the in-vitro forging area, m.

In summary, the main dimensional parameters related to the blank for forming the tube plate provided in this embodiment are the thickness H of the in-body forging region, the diameter D of the in-body forging region, the thickness H of the in-body forging region, and the outer diameter D of the in-body forging region of the blank, all of which can be determined by the above method, so as to obtain the overall dimensional parameters of the blank, it should be noted that, since the in-body forging region 72 is disposed at the edge of the in-body forging region 71, the inner diameter of the in-body forging region is equal to the diameter D of the in-body forging region.

Example two

The present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a blank for forming a tube sheet, referring to fig. 3, for manufacturing the blank for forming a tube sheet provided in the first embodiment, the method includes the following steps:

step 1: upsetting and drawing the steel ingot to obtain an original blank;

step 2: upsetting and widening an original blank in forging equipment to obtain a blank to be processed;

and step 3: the center region of the blank to be processed is forged to form an in-body forging region 71, and the unrecessed and finished portion is an in-body forging region 72, thereby producing a blank for tube sheet forming.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the method for manufacturing the blank for forming the tube plate provided by the embodiment are substantially the same as the beneficial effects of the blank for forming the tube plate provided by the first embodiment, and are not repeated herein.

Specifically, in the above preparation method, step 3 includes the following steps:

step 31: the method comprises the following steps of 1, carrying out notching on one surface of a blank to be processed by using a strip-shaped hammer head, and then carrying out finishing by using a round hammer head to obtain a single-surface notched blank, wherein the diameter of the single-surface notched blank reaches the maximum blank size which can be forged in a water forging device body after the firing is finished;

step 32: turning the blank with the concave on the single surface by 180 degrees, arranging a bottom pad on the concave pad on the single surface, and dislocating the other surface of the blank to be processed by adopting a circular hammer to form an in-vivo forging area 71, wherein the part without concave opening and finishing is an in-vitro forging area 72, so that the blank formed by the tube plate is prepared, and the diameter of the blank to be processed is not changed after the dislocation.

EXAMPLE III

The embodiment provides an external forging method for a pipe plate body, which comprises the following steps:

manufacturing a blank for forming the tube plate, wherein the manufacturing method of the blank is the manufacturing method of the blank for forming the tube plate provided by the second embodiment;

and (3) forging the in-vitro forging area 72 of the blank 7 by using the hammer head 2 of the auxiliary tool outside the forging equipment to obtain the tube plate.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the external forging method for the tube plate body provided by the embodiment are basically the same as the beneficial effects of the blank for forming the tube plate provided by the first embodiment, and are not repeated herein.

Specifically, the tool assistive device, referring to fig. 4 to 5, includes a beam 1, a hammer 2, and a forging platform 3, and defines that one end of the beam 1 is a forging side, and the other end of the beam 1 is a non-forging side, that is, the hammer 2 is disposed on the forging side of the beam 1, the non-forging side is connected to a mounting surface of the forging device, the forging side of the beam 1 is located outside an area surrounded by the columns of the forging device, and the forging platform 3 is disposed right below the hammer 2. In the implementation process, the upper end face of the beam body 1 is connected with a movable cross beam 4 of forging equipment, the movable cross beam 4 is positioned between a forging side and a non-forging side, the beam body 1 and the movable cross beam 4 form a carrying pole beam, and a blank 7 is placed on a forging platform 3; in the moving process of the movable cross beam 4, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side, the load applied to the beam body 1 by the movable cross beam 4 of the forging and pressing equipment can be transmitted to the forging side outside the forging and pressing equipment from the inside of the forging and pressing equipment, the hammer 2 forges the external forging area 72 of the blank 7 on the forging platform 3, and the hammer 2 and the forging platform 3 jointly act to enable the external forging area 72 of the blank 7 to deform, so that the tube plate external forging is realized. According to the tube plate external forging method, the upper end face of the beam body 1 is connected with the movable cross beam 4 of the forging equipment through the arrangement of the beam body 1, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam 4 to form the shoulder pole beam, compared with the movable cross beam 4, the moving distance of the forging side is larger than that of the movable cross beam 4, and the forging forming process is moved out of the forging equipment, so that the tube plate external forging method is not limited by the structural size (such as span and the interval of the upright columns 12) of the forging equipment, and an ultra-large tube plate exceeding the span is integrally formed in a free forging mode.

It is worth noting that, in the moving process of the movable cross beam 4, the moving of the movable cross beam 4 is up-and-down movement, the moving of the beam body 1 is up-and-down movement and rotation composite movement, in order to make up the movement difference between the movable cross beam 4 and the beam body 1, the tool assistive device further comprises a beam body connecting piece, the movable cross beam 4 is connected with the beam body 1 through the beam body connecting piece, specifically, the beam body connecting piece comprises an upper beam body connecting plate 5 and a lower beam body connecting plate 6 hung below the upper beam body connecting plate 5, the upper beam body connecting plate 5 is in cylindrical surface contact with the lower beam body connecting plate 6, the upper beam body connecting plate 5 is fixedly connected with the movable cross beam 4, and the lower beam body connecting plate 6 is fixedly connected with the beam body 1. Like this, through set up roof beam body connecting piece between movable cross beam 4 and roof beam body 1, the face of cylinder between roof beam body connecting plate 5 and the underbeam body connecting plate 6 slides in the roof beam body connecting piece, can compensate the motion difference between movable cross beam 4 and the roof beam body 1, make roof beam body 1 and movable cross beam 4 follow-up, realize the swing and the rotation of certain range, turn into cylinder flexonics with the rigid connection between roof beam body 1 and movable cross beam 4, avoid movable cross beam 4 and roof beam body 1 to produce too big strong moment of torsion in the junction.

In order to ensure the smoothness of the sliding cylindrical surface between the upper beam connecting plate 5 and the lower beam connecting plate 6, the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 is smaller than the concave radius of the lower beam connecting plate 6, and exemplarily, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 to the concave radius of the lower beam connecting plate 6 is 0.9 to 0.98: 1. this is because, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 to the concave radius of the lower beam connecting plate 6 is limited within the above range, and not only can the smoothness of sliding between the upper beam connecting plate 5 and the lower beam connecting plate 6 be ensured, but also the contact area between the upper beam connecting plate 5 and the lower beam connecting plate 6 can be ensured, thereby effectively resisting impact load.

It is worth noting that the convex radius design of the upper beam connecting plate 5 depends on the maximum offset center distance of the forging equipment and the maximum inclination angle of the bearing plate, and the larger the maximum inclination angle is, the larger the required convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 is, specifically, the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 is calculated by the following formula:

δ＝R×sinα

delta is the maximum unbalance loading center distance of forging equipment, R is the convex radius of the upper beam body connecting plate 5, and alpha is the maximum inclination angle of the bearing plate.

It is also worth noting that the motion of the beam body 1 is rotation, in order to ensure that the working surface of the hammer head 2 can better contact with the blank 7, the tool auxiliary device further comprises a hammer head connecting piece, the hammer head 2 is connected with the forging side of the beam body 1 through the hammer head connecting piece, particularly, the hammer head connecting piece comprises an upper hammer head connecting plate 9 and a lower hammer head connecting plate 10 hung below the upper hammer head connecting plate 9, the upper hammer head connecting plate 9 is in spherical contact with the lower hammer head connecting plate 10, the upper hammer head connecting plate 9 is fixedly connected with the forging side of the beam body 1, and the lower hammer head connecting plate 10 is fixedly connected with the hammer head 2. This is because, the tube sheet highly reduces gradually at the deformation in-process, increase along with the decrement of tup 2, roof beam body 1 can take place the tilting of certain degree, through set up the tup connecting piece between the forging side at tup 2 and roof beam body 1, the sphere between middle-upper tup connecting plate 9 of tup connecting piece and lower tup connecting plate 10 slides, can turn into cylinder flexonics with the rigid connection between the forging side of tup 2 and roof beam body 1, make tup 2 can take place the swing of certain degree, guarantee the axis perpendicular to forging surface of stock 7 of tup 2, be surface contact between the working face of tup 2 and the forging surface of stock 7, improve the quality of forging gained tube sheet.

In order to guarantee the gliding smoothness nature of sphere between last tup connecting plate 9 and the lower tup connecting plate 10, the convex surface radius of above-mentioned last tup connecting plate 9 is less than the concave surface spherical radius of lower tup connecting plate 10, and exemplarily, the convex surface radius of going up tup connecting plate 9 is 0.9 ~ 0.98 with the concave surface spherical radius's of lower tup connecting plate 10 ratio: 1. this is because, inject the convex surface radius of last tup connecting plate 9 and the concave surface spherical radius of lower tup connecting plate 10 in above-mentioned within range, not only can guarantee to go up the gliding smoothness nature of sphere between tup connecting plate 9 and the lower tup connecting plate 10, can also guarantee to go up the area of contact of tup connecting plate 9 and lower tup connecting plate 10 to effective impact load.

For the connection between the non-forging side of the beam body 1 and the mounting surface of the forging equipment, in order to buffer the impact on the non-forging side, the tool assistive device further comprises an elastic box 8, and the non-forging side of the beam body 1 is supported on the mounting surface of the forging equipment through the elastic box 8. Like this, through the setting of elastic box 8, when the down motion of movable beam 4 and when exerting load to roof beam body 1, the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 can earlier contact with elastic box 8, elastic box 8 can carry out the flexible support to the non-forging side of roof beam body 1, elastic deformation through elastic box 8 can cushion the impact that the non-forging side received, thereby avoid assisting the utensil emergence fracture by the frock that the impact leads to, play the effect that the utensil is assisted to the protection frock, the life of utensil is assisted to the extension frock.

As for the structure of the spring case 8, specifically, it includes a case 81, a case cover 82, a spring 83 (for example, the spring 83 includes a plurality of disc springs arranged in the axial direction of the spring 83, the plurality of disc springs constitute a set of spring 83), and a guide post 84, one end of the guide post 84 is supported on the bottom of the case 81 by the spring 83, the case cover 82 is covered on the other end of the guide post 84 with a gap between the case 81 and the case cover 82, the case 81 is provided on the mounting surface of the forging apparatus, and the non-forging side of the beam body 1 is supported on the case cover 82. Thus, the cover 82 is supported on the case 81 by the spring 83 and the guide post 84 with a certain clearance from the case 81, and when the movable cross member 4 moves downward and applies a load to the beam body 1, the spring 83 is shortened to move the cover 82 in a direction approaching the case 81, and when the movable cross member 4 moves upward and does not apply a load to the beam body 1, the spring 83 is lengthened to move the cover 82 in a direction away from the case 81, and the elastic deformation of the elastic case 8 is imparted by providing the spring 83 between the case 81 and the cover 82.

Considering that the deformation direction of the spring 83 and the moving direction of the guide post 84 affect the motion stability of the box cover 82 and the non-forging side of the beam body 1, the spring box 8 further includes a spring guide 85 disposed in the box body 81 and a guide post guide 86 disposed in the box cover 82, the spring 83 is partially disposed in the spring guide 85, the other end of the guide post 84 is inserted into the guide post guide 86, and as for the shapes of the spring guide 85 and the guide post guide 86, the shapes of both may be cylindrical, for example. Like this, can lead the deformation direction of spring 83 through spring guide cylinder 85, reduce rocking and the slope of spring 83 in deformation process, can lead the direction of motion of guide pillar 84 through guide pillar guide cylinder 86, reduce rocking and the slope of guide pillar 84 in the motion process to can guarantee the motion stability of case lid 82 and the non-forging side of roof beam body 1.

It should be noted that, during the movement of the movable cross beam 4, there is also a torque between the beam 1 and the elastic box 8, and therefore, the above-mentioned auxiliary tool for a tool further includes a box connecting member, the non-forged side of the beam 1 is connected to the elastic box 8 through the box connecting member, specifically, the box connecting member includes an upper box connecting plate 87 and a lower box connecting plate 88 hung below the upper box connecting plate 87, the upper box connecting plate 87 and the lower box connecting plate 88 are in cylindrical surface contact, the upper box connecting plate 87 is fixedly connected to the non-forged side of the beam 1, and the lower box connecting plate 88 is fixedly connected to the elastic box 8 (i.e., the box cover 82). Like this, through set up the box connecting piece between the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8, the face of cylinder between middle and upper box connecting plate 87 of box connecting piece and lower box connecting plate 88 slides, can compensate the motion difference between the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8, make the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8 follow-up, realize swing and rotation of certain range, turn into cylinder flexonics with the rigid connection between the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8, avoid the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8 to produce too big strong moment of torsion in the junction.

In order to ensure the smoothness of the cylindrical surface sliding between the upper box connecting plate 87 and the lower box connecting plate 88, the convex radius of the upper box connecting plate 87 is smaller than the concave radius of the lower box connecting plate 88, and illustratively, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper box connecting plate 87 to the concave radius of the lower box connecting plate 88 is 0.9-0.98: 1. this is because, by limiting the ratio of the convex radius of the upper tank connecting plate 87 to the concave radius of the lower tank connecting plate 88 within the above range, not only can the smoothness of the sliding of the cylindrical surface between the upper tank connecting plate 87 and the lower tank connecting plate 88 be ensured, but also the contact area between the upper tank connecting plate 87 and the lower tank connecting plate 88 can be ensured, thereby effectively resisting the impact load.

In order to forge each part of the blank 7, the auxiliary tool further comprises a rotating platform 11 for driving the blank 7 to rotate, wherein the rotating platform 11 is arranged on one side of the forging platform 3 and obliquely below the hammer head 2. That is, the rotary platform 11 is only used for supporting and rotating the blank 7, and the rotary platform 11 does not bear the load of the hammer head 2 during forging of the blank 7 by the hammer head 2. Illustratively, the rotary platform 11 may be rotated in a pneumatic, hydraulic or externally-powered transmission.

Considering that the forging platform 3 is in a stationary state and the rotating platform 11 is in a rotating state during the forging process, in order to avoid interference between the two, the side of the forging platform 3 facing the rotating platform 11 is conformal with the rotating platform 11. Illustratively, the shape of the rotary platform 11 is circular, the diameter of the rotary platform 11 is smaller than that of the blank 7, the forging platform 3 is arc-shaped towards the rotary platform 11, and the entire shape of the forging platform 3 may be crescent-shaped. Thus, during the rotation of the rotary platform 11, the forging platform 3 does not interfere with the rotation of the rotary platform 11; in addition, the forging platform 3 and the rotating platform 11 which are in the structure can reduce the diameter of the rotating platform 11, and effectively solve the problem of how to place the blank 7 on the table top of the rotary table when the door-shaped hanging material is fed.

It should be noted that, in the past, all parts of the tooling auxiliary tool for forging are rigidly connected, and the loss to the forging equipment and the tooling auxiliary tool is large, in the pipe plate body external forging method provided by this embodiment, through the arrangement of the beam body connecting piece, the hammer head connecting piece and the box body connecting piece, the beam body 1 and the movable cross beam 4, the hammer head 2 and the elastic box 8 are all in spherical surface or cylindrical surface contact, and the connections between the beam body 1 and the movable cross beam 4, and between the hammer head 2 and the elastic box 8 can all be converted into flexible connections, thereby ensuring the relative sliding and rotation between the four parts, while realizing force transfer, maximally ensuring the stability and high efficiency of the tooling auxiliary tool, and providing technical support for realizing the engineering application of external forging and the mass production of ultra-large pipe plates.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.