阅读说明：本技术 一种利用深浅坞制作沉箱并实现水上装驳的方法 (Method for manufacturing caisson by utilizing deep and shallow dock and realizing water loading barge ) 是由 嵇廷 张文森 陈楚生 冯刚 戴双全 罗兵 林伟才 李汉渤 王冲 刘慧� 于 2021-08-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及沉箱运输领域,具体涉及一种利用深浅坞制作沉箱并实现水上装驳的方法。包括步骤S1：在浅坞区制作沉箱；S2：使半潜驳船进入深坞区,向深浅坞内灌水,使沉箱浮于水面；S3：向半潜驳船内灌入压舱水,使半潜驳船的甲板面低于沉箱的底部；S4：将沉箱移动至半潜驳船的甲板面上方；S5：排出半潜驳船内的压舱水；S6：开启深坞门,由半潜驳船将沉箱运出。采用上述的方法制作大型沉箱并将沉箱装至半潜驳船上,无需新建大型预制场和出运码头,无需陆上移运专有设备,降低了操作难度以及沉箱受到损坏的风险,且能够节约施工成本。采用上述方法将沉箱装在半潜驳船甲板上进行运输的方式,能够避免在运输的过程中因恶劣天气的影响,更加适合远航运输。(The invention relates to the field of caisson transportation, in particular to a method for manufacturing a caisson by utilizing a deep and shallow dock and realizing water loading and refuting. Includes step S1: manufacturing a caisson in the shallow dock area; s2: enabling the semi-submersible barge to enter a deep dock area, and irrigating water into a deep and shallow dock to enable the caisson to float on the water surface; s3: filling ballast water into the semi-submersible barge to enable the deck surface of the semi-submersible barge to be lower than the bottom of the caisson; s4: moving the caisson above the deck surface of the semi-submersible barge; s5: discharging the ballast water in the semi-submersible barge; s6: and opening a deep dock gate, and transporting out the caisson by a semi-submersible barge. By adopting the method to manufacture the large caisson and loading the caisson on the semi-submersible barge, a large prefabricated yard and a shipping dock do not need to be newly built, special equipment for land transportation is not needed, the operation difficulty and the risk of damaging the caisson are reduced, and the construction cost can be saved. By adopting the method, the caisson is arranged on the semi-submersible barge deck for transportation, so that the influence of severe weather in the transportation process can be avoided, and the caisson is more suitable for long-range transportation.)

1. The method for manufacturing the caisson and realizing the water loading barge by using the deep and shallow dock is characterized in that a deep and shallow dock combined structure is adopted for caisson prefabrication and water loading barge, the deep and shallow dock combined structure comprises a shallow dock area (8) and a deep dock area (5) which are arranged next to each other, the shallow dock area (8) is connected with land, and the deep dock area (5) is connected with a dock entrance channel (9), and the method comprises the following steps:

s1: manufacturing a caisson (10) in the shallow dock area (8), and curing the caisson (10);

s2: after the caisson (10) is maintained to reach the export condition, the semi-submersible barge (4) enters the deep dock area (5) through the deep dock gate (1);

s3: closing the shallow dock gate (6) and the deep dock gate (1), implementing a water retaining measure, and irrigating water into the shallow dock area (8) and the deep dock area (5) to enable the caisson (10) to float on the water surface;

s4: ballasting water is poured into the semi-submersible barge (4) to enable the deck surface of the semi-submersible barge (4) to be lower than the bottom of the caisson (10);

s5: moving the caisson (10) above the deck surface of the semi-submersible barge (4);

s6: discharging the ballast water from the semi-submersible barge (4) to allow the semi-submersible barge (4) to lift the caisson (10) out of the water;

s7: and discharging water in the shallow dock area (8) and the deep dock area (5), enabling the height of the water surface in the deep dock area (5) to be consistent with that of the water surface in the water area, opening the deep dock gate (1), and transporting the caisson (10) out by the semi-submersible barge (4).

2. The method for manufacturing caissons and realizing water-borne barge by using a deep and shallow dock according to claim 1, wherein the shallow dock area (8) and the deep dock area (5) are both provided with a drainage channel, the seawater in the shallow dock area (8) is drained into the deep dock area (5) through the drainage channel of the shallow dock area (8), the seawater in the deep dock area (5) is drained out of the deep and shallow dock area through the drainage channel of the deep dock area (5), and finally the shallow dock area (8) is exposed out of the sea level, so that the water level in the deep dock area (5) is consistent with the sea level in height.

3. The method for making caisson by using deep and shallow dock and realizing barge on water according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, after water is poured into the shallow dock area (8) and the deep dock area (5), the distance between the bottom of the caisson (10) and the surface of the shallow dock area (8) is h₁Stopping water filling in time h₁The value range of (A) is 0.3m-0.5 m.

4. Method for caisson construction and barge loading on water by deep and shallow dock according to claim 1, characterized in that in S4, the deck surface of the semi-submersible barge (4) is lower than the bottom of the caisson (10) by a distance h₂When the water is stopped to be pressurized, if the deck surface is provided with the upper supporting pier, the distance between the upper supporting pier and the bottom of the caisson (10) is h₂Stopping pressing water at the time h₂The value range of (A) is not less than 0.5 m.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of caissons, in particular to a method for manufacturing a caisson by utilizing a deep and shallow dock and realizing water loading and refuting.

Background

The existing construction method uses large caissons, floating platforms and other oversized heavy objects, and uses semi-submerged barge to transport and transport after the manufacture is completed, and aims at the fact that transport equipment of the oversized caissons such as the caissons of ten-thousand tons and above is few, if conventional onshore prefabrication is adopted, air bags or trolleys are used for transport, and semi-submerged barges of ten-thousand tons or above are needed to be matched, and the type of ships is deep and has high requirements on the water depth of a transport wharf. The ultra-large caisson has extremely high requirements on the bearing capacity of the prefabricated and shipment foundation, and very few large deepwater wharfs can meet the requirement of the prefabricated shipment of the large caisson; and because the weight of the caisson is large, the risk of air bag shipment is high, the requirement on the bearing capacity of the transfer trolley is higher, and the existing equipment of the type is few. And when adopting semi-submerged barge transportation ultra-large-scale caisson at present, the caisson is tied on the semi-submerged barge, is transported to the destination by the buoyancy of semi-submerged barge, and the caisson easily takes place the roll-over in the transportation process, if meet severe weather such as typhoon in the transportation process, then the roll-over is more serious, leads to the caisson to appear damaging easily, has higher risk during the transportation.

In summary, the disadvantages of the current methods include at least: (1) the prefabrication and shipment of the ultra-large caisson requires the construction of a deep-water shipment wharf with high bearing capacity, and the construction cost is extremely high; (2) the air bag transfer mode is used for transferring the ultra-large caisson to have extremely high refuting risk; (3) the ultra-large caisson is easy to be influenced by severe weather by adopting a semi-submersible barge to float and transport; (4) the special transfer trolley equipment for transferring the caisson to the barge is few. Therefore, a method for safely transporting an oversized heavy caisson to a construction site is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: aiming at the problem that the prior art lacks a method for safely conveying an oversized heavy caisson to a construction site, the method for manufacturing the caisson by using the deep and shallow dock and realizing the water loading and refuting is provided.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a method for manufacturing a caisson by using a deep and shallow dock and realizing water loading barge comprises the following steps of prefabricating the caisson and loading barge into water by using a deep and shallow dock combined structure, wherein the deep and shallow dock combined structure comprises a shallow dock area and a deep dock area which are arranged close to each other, the shallow dock area is connected with land, and the deep dock area is connected with a dock entrance channel:

s1: manufacturing a caisson in the shallow dock area, and maintaining the caisson;

s2: after the caisson is maintained to reach the export condition, the semi-submersible barge enters the deep dock area through the deep dock door;

s3: closing the shallow dock gate and the deep dock gate, implementing a water retaining measure, and filling water into the shallow dock area and the deep dock area to enable the caisson to float on the water surface;

s4: filling ballast water into the semi-submersible barge to enable the deck surface of the semi-submersible barge to be lower than the bottom of the caisson;

s5: moving the caisson above a deck surface of the semi-submersible barge;

s6: discharging ballast water in the semi-submersible barge to enable the semi-submersible barge to lift the caisson out of the water surface;

s7: and discharging water in the shallow dock area and the deep dock area, enabling the height of the water surface in the deep dock area to be consistent with that of the water surface in the water area, opening a deep dock gate, and transporting the caisson out by the semi-submersible barge.

The method is adopted to manufacture the large caisson and the caisson is loaded on the semi-submersible barge, and when the existing deep and shallow dock is used for manufacturing the super-large heavy caisson, a large precast yard and a shipping dock do not need to be newly built; install the caisson to the in-process on the semi-submersible barge deck, need not land and move the special equipment of fortune, reduced the operation degree of difficulty and the caisson and received the risk of damage, and can practice thrift construction cost. Compared with the floating transportation mode in the prior art, the dry transportation mode of the caisson on the deck of the semi-submersible barge can also avoid the problem that the caisson is seriously shaken leftwards and rightwards and collides with the semi-submersible barge to cause the damage of the caisson due to the influence of severe weather in the transportation process.

As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the shallow dock area and the deep dock area are both provided with a drainage channel, the drainage channel of the shallow dock area drains the seawater in the shallow dock area into the deep dock area, the drainage channel of the deep dock area drains the seawater in the deep dock area out of the deep shallow dock area, and finally the shallow dock area is exposed out of the sea level, so that the height of the water surface in the deep dock area is consistent with the height of the sea level.

By arranging the drainage channel, water in the deep dock area and the shallow dock area can be drained more quickly.

As a preferable scheme of the present invention, in S3, after water is poured into the shallow dock area and the deep dock area, a distance between a bottom of the caisson and a surface of the shallow dock area is h₁Stopping water filling in time h₁The value range of (A) is 0.3m-0.5 m.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, the deck surface of the semi-submersible barge is located at a distance h below the bottom of the caisson₂Stopping pressing water, if the deck surface is provided with an upper pier, the distance between the upper pier and the bottom of the caisson is h₂Stopping pressing water at the time h₂The value range of (A) is not less than 0.5 m.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the carrying capacity of the existing large semi-submerged barge can reach 10 ten thousand tons, and ten thousand tons of caissons can be transferred to the semi-submerged barge from land by using the method of the invention without special land ultra-large land transfer equipment, large prefabricated sites and shipping docks.

2. Can transport the caisson to the destination through the mode of dry transportation, avoid causing the caisson to damage because of the adverse weather influence in the transportation, be applicable to long distance transportation more.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a deep and shallow dock;

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a semi-submersible barge after being driven into a deep dock area;

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the deep dock gate and the shallow dock gate closed;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the water before filling the deep and shallow dock;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the deep and shallow dock after being filled with water;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view after passing ballast water into the semi-submersible barge;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the transfer of caissons above the deck surface of a semi-submersible barge;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view after the ballast water in the semi-submersible barge has been discharged;

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the water in the deep and shallow dock after draining;

FIG. 10 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention.

Icon: 1-deep dock gate; 2-retaining wall; 3-deep dock door storage area; 4-semi-submersible barges; 5-deep dock area; 6-shallow dock gate; 7-a shallow dock door storage area; 8-shallow dock area; 9-dock entrance channel; 10-caisson.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1

A method for manufacturing a caisson by using a deep and shallow dock and realizing water loading and barge is characterized in that the deep and shallow dock is structurally shown in figures 1-3 and comprises a retaining wall 2, a deep dock gate 1, a shallow dock gate 6 and a deep dock gate storage area 3, the retaining wall 2 encloses a deep dock area 5 and a shallow dock area 8, the deep dock area 5 is connected with a dock entrance channel 9, the shallow dock area 8 is connected with land and is higher than the sea level, the deep dock gate 1 can separate the deep dock area 5 from an external water area, and the shallow dock gate 6 can separate the shallow dock area 8 from the external land. According to the flow shown in fig. 10, the caisson 10 is manufactured in the shallow dock area 8, after the caisson 10 is cured to reach the export condition, the caisson 10 is mounted on the deck surface of the semi-submersible barge 4, and the caisson 10 is transported out of the deep dock area 5 by the semi-submersible barge 4.

The step of mounting the caisson 10 to the deck surface of the semi-submersible barge 4 comprises, a 1: the semi-submersible barge 4 is driven into a deep dock area 5 through a dock entrance channel 9, as shown in FIG. 4; filling water into the shallow dock area 8 and the deep dock area 5 to enable the caisson 10 to float on the water surface, as shown in fig. 5; certainly, before water is poured, the deep dock gate 1 and the shallow dock gate 6 should be closed, and water retaining measures should be taken.

A2: when the caisson 10 floats on the water surface, the distance between the bottom of the caisson 10 and the surface of the shallow dock area 8 reaches h₁Stopping filling water into the shallow dock area 8 and the deep dock area 5, h₁Should be in the range of 0.3-0.5m, as shown in FIG. 5.

A3: filling ballast water into the semi-submersible barge 4 to ensure that the deck surface of the semi-submersible barge 4 is lower than the water surface in the deep and shallow dock until the distance between the deck surface of the semi-submersible barge 4 and the bottom of the caisson 10 reaches h₂When stopping the ballast water supply to the semi-submersible barge 4, h₂The value range of (A) is not less than 0.5m, as shown in FIG. 6.

A4: the caisson 10 is moved over the deck surface of the semi-submersible barge 4 by placing traction means on the retaining wall 2, as shown in fig. 7; wherein, draw gear is prior art, and draw gear is the stranded cable platform of setting on barricade 2, is provided with the capstan winch on the stranded cable platform, and the capstan winch passes through the hawser and is connected with caisson 10.

A5: when caisson 10 is moved above deck surface, the ballast water in semi-submersible barge 4 is discharged, the deck surface of semi-submersible barge 4 is made higher than the water surface, and caisson 10 is lifted out of the water surface, as shown in fig. 8.

A6: opening the deep dock gate 1, and transporting out the caisson 10 by using the semi-submersible barge 4, so that water in the deep and shallow dock can be discharged before the deep dock gate 1 is opened to facilitate the opening of the deep dock gate 1, and the water surface in the deep and shallow dock is flush with the sea level, as shown in fig. 9; specifically, the water in the deep and shallow dock can be drained by adopting a drainage device such as a water pump, and the water in the deep and shallow dock can also be drained by opening a drainage channel between the deep dock area 5 and the shallow dock area 8.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.