阅读说明：本技术 一种利用甘蔗灰分及果蔬废弃物种植蔬菜的方法 (Method for planting vegetables by using sugarcane ash and fruit and vegetable wastes ) 是由 刘晓燕 梁强 宋修鹏 宁德林 李毅杰 林善海 林丽 李杨瑞 梁光凤 李冬梅 于 2021-07-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明一种利用甘蔗灰分及果蔬废弃物种植蔬菜的方法,甘蔗灰肥中加入了甘蔗灰分、粉煤灰、桑枝粉、柚子叶粉等组分,充分利用甘蔗压榨所产生的废弃物,可以改良土地,避免土壤板结,能为栽种的蔬菜提供充足的营养,提高蔬菜的成活率,改变蔬菜植株的微循环状态,促进蔬菜植株吸收硒元素的同时,还能加速蔬菜植株的农药降解速度,降低蔬菜的农药残留量；果蔬废弃物叶面肥由果蔬废弃物、酒糟、鲜紫花苜蓿、无患子密封发酵而成,能加速蔬菜植株的农药降解速度,有效降低蔬菜中的农药残留量；配制含硒复合叶面肥时,还加入了磷酸二氢钾、硼砂、硫酸锰、硫酸锌等组分,改变蔬菜植株的微循环状态,促进蔬菜植株细胞吸收无机硒,提高蔬菜的硒含量。(According to the method for planting the vegetables by utilizing the sugarcane ash and the fruit and vegetable wastes, the sugarcane ash, the fly ash, the mulberry branch powder, the grapefruit leaf powder and other components are added into the sugarcane ash fertilizer, the wastes generated by squeezing the sugarcane are fully utilized, the land can be improved, the soil hardening is avoided, sufficient nutrition can be provided for the planted vegetables, the survival rate of the vegetables is improved, the microcirculation state of the vegetable plants is changed, the selenium element absorption of the vegetable plants is promoted, the pesticide degradation speed of the vegetable plants can be accelerated, and the pesticide residue of the vegetables is reduced; the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is prepared by hermetically fermenting fruit and vegetable waste, vinasse, fresh alfalfa and soapberry, can accelerate the pesticide degradation speed of vegetable plants and effectively reduce the pesticide residue in vegetables; when the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is prepared, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate and other components are also added, so that the microcirculation state of vegetable plants is changed, the absorption of inorganic selenium by vegetable plant cells is promoted, and the selenium content of vegetables is improved.)

1. A method for planting vegetables by using sugarcane ashes and fruit and vegetable wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing the sugarcane ash fertilizer: the sugarcane ash fertilizer comprises, by weight, 60-70 parts of thoroughly decomposed pig manure, 70-90 parts of sugarcane ash, 40-45 parts of fly ash, 5-7 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1-2 parts of urea, 1.2-1.5 parts of mulberry twig powder and 0.3-0.5 part of grapefruit leaf powder; weighing the components for forming the sugarcane ash fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sugarcane ash fertilizer;

(2) preparing a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer: the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer comprises, by weight, 80-100 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 25-30 parts of vinasse, 30-40 parts of fresh purple alfalfa, 5-10 parts of soapberry, 300-400 parts of water and 1-3 parts of EM probiotic stock solution; weighing the components for forming the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 30-35 days to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer;

(3) preparing a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer: the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer comprises, by weight, 150-200 parts of biogas slurry, 1.2-1.5 parts of sodium selenite, 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-3 parts of borax, 0.5-0.8 part of manganese sulfate and 0.3-0.5 part of zinc sulfate; weighing the components for forming the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer;

(4) when vegetables are planted, the sugarcane ash fertilizer prepared in the step (1) is used as a base fertilizer;

(5) spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer once in the early growth stage of the leafy vegetables, and spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer once 10-15 days before harvesting the leafy vegetables; spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer for one time before the flowering period of the fruits and vegetables;

(6) spraying the foliage fertilizer of the fruit and vegetable wastes 8-10 days before the vegetables are harvested, spraying the leaf vegetables on the whole plants, and uniformly spraying the fruit and vegetable vegetables on the fruits.

2. The method for planting vegetables by using the sugarcane ashes and the fruit and vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sugarcane ash fertilizer in the step (1) comprises 65-70 parts by weight of decomposed pig manure, 75-90 parts by weight of sugarcane ash, 42-45 parts by weight of fly ash, 6-7 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer, 1.5-2 parts by weight of urea, 1.3-1.5 parts by weight of mulberry twig powder and 0.4-0.5 part by weight of grapefruit leaf powder; weighing the components for forming the sugarcane ash fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sugarcane ash fertilizer.

3. The method for planting vegetables by using the sugarcane ashes and the fruit and vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sugarcane ash in the step (1) refers to ash obtained by combusting sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane leaves in a boiler of a power plant.

4. The method for planting vegetables by using the sugarcane ashes and the fruit and vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer in the step (2) comprises, by weight, 90-100 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 27-30 parts of vinasse, 35-40 parts of fresh purple alfalfa, 7-10 parts of soapberry, 350-400 parts of water and 2-3 parts of EM probiotic stock solution; weighing the components for forming the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 32-35 days to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer.

5. The method for planting vegetables by using the sugarcane ashes and the fruit and vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fruit and vegetable waste in the step (2) is waste generated in the market circulation process of fruits and vegetables.

6. The method for planting vegetables by using the sugarcane ashes and the fruit and vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer in the step (3) comprises, by weight, 170-200 parts of biogas slurry, 1.3-1.5 parts of sodium selenite, 4-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2.5-3 parts of borax, 0.6-0.8 part of manganese sulfate and 0.4-0.5 part of zinc sulfate; weighing the components for forming the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer.

7. The method for planting vegetables by using the sugarcane ashes and the fruit and vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the vegetables are planted in the step (4), the sugarcane gray fertilizer prepared in the step (1) is used as a base fertilizer, and the application amount of the sugarcane gray fertilizer is 300-400 kg per mu.

8. The method for planting vegetables by using the sugarcane ashes and the fruit and vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the application amount of the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer in the step (5) is 30-50 kg/mu, and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer can be diluted before the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed.

9. The method for planting vegetables by using the sugarcane ashes and the fruit and vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (5) spraying the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer once 3-7 days before the flowering period of the fruits and vegetables.

10. The method for planting vegetables by using the sugarcane ashes and the fruit and vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the application amount of the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer in the step (6) is 25-35 kg/mu, and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer can be diluted before the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is sprayed.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a method for planting vegetables by utilizing sugarcane ash and fruit and vegetable wastes.

Background

The sugar is prepared from sugarcane by extracting juice, cleaning, evaporating, crystallizing, separating honey, and drying to obtain white sugar and crude sugar. The characteristics of the sugarcane and the chemical components and properties of the sugarcane juice have great influence on the sugar making process, and are the basis for selecting the production method and the process conditions. The sugar production process of the sugarcane comprises juice extraction, cleaning, evaporation, crystallization, honey separation and drying. The process technology of the next 4 working procedures is basically the same as that of sugar production by beet. The pressing juice extraction principle is that sugarcane is cut into filamentous and flaky sugarcane materials, the sugarcane materials are put into a presser, cell walls of sugarcane cells filled with the sugarcane juice are broken under the pressure of a roller of the presser and oil pressure, the sugarcane materials are compressed, and the sugarcane juice is discharged while the cells are flattened; the bagasse, which is discharged from the mill and begins to swell, is subjected to infiltration with water or dilute juice by means of an infiltration system to dilute the intracellular sugars and extract more cane juice. The cane material is pressed for a plurality of times by a plurality of three-roll presses in sequence. Adding water for infiltration before the cane material enters a final seat presser. The added infiltration water is generally used in an amount of 15-25% of the sugarcane. The juice extracted from the last stage, called the last stage extracted juice, is then pumped into the previous stage as the infusion, to impregnate the cane material entering the stage, and the extracted thin juice is used as the infusion in the previous stage, and so on to the second stage, which is the complex infusion method commonly used in sugar mills. The juices pressed by the first and second squeezing machines are combined into a mixed juice, and the mixed juice is sent to cleaning treatment. The bagasse discharged from the final mill is called bagasse. The bagasse comprises 45-50% of water, 1-4% of sugar, 45-52% of fiber and 1.5-6% of soluble solid. The bagasse is sent to a boiler to be used as fuel or other industrial raw materials. At present, common wastes in sugar production from sugarcane comprise boiler combustion waste bagasse ash, molasses alcohol fermentation liquor and the like, so that how to reasonably utilize the wastes produced in sugar production from sugarcane becomes a problem to be solved urgently, and the inventor proposes that the common wastes in sugar production from sugarcane can be used for planting vegetables.

The daily output of fruit and vegetable wastes is large, and a lot of fruit and vegetable wastes cannot be processed in time, so that the processing current situation of partial fruit and vegetable wastes is that the fruit and vegetable wastes are discarded and stacked at will, the fruit and vegetable wastes cannot be effectively utilized, certain pollution hidden dangers are caused to soil, water, air and the like, how to reasonably utilize the fruit and vegetable wastes becomes a problem to be solved urgently, and the inventor proposes that the fruit and vegetable wastes can be used for planting vegetables.

With the improvement of living standard of people, the selenium-rich vegetables gradually enter the market, and the selenium-rich vegetables not only have the function of supplementing selenium, but also can provide various trace elements and vitamins necessary for human bodies. The planting technology of the selenium-rich vegetables is also a great research and development focus, and the main problems mainly faced in the planting process of the selenium-rich vegetables at present are as follows: 1) the pesticide residue is large; 2) the absorption effect of the vegetables on the selenium element is poor, the application amount of the selenium fertilizer is large, and the production cost is increased.

Aiming at the situations, the inventor proposes that the ash content of waste bagasse and the waste of fruits and vegetables can be combusted by using a boiler, the waste and the waste of fruits and vegetables generated after the sugarcane is squeezed are fully utilized, organic and mineral nutrient elements of the sugarcane and the waste of fruits and vegetables are effectively utilized, common waste of sugarcane sugar making and the waste of fruits and vegetables are applied to vegetable planting, and the problems of large pesticide residue and poor absorption effect of the vegetables on selenium in the vegetable planting process are practically solved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for planting vegetables by utilizing sugarcane ashes and fruit and vegetable wastes, which is green and environment-friendly, has little pesticide residue and good selenium absorption effect.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for planting vegetables by using sugarcane ashes and fruit and vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing the sugarcane ash fertilizer: the sugarcane ash fertilizer comprises, by weight, 60-70 parts of thoroughly decomposed pig manure, 70-90 parts of sugarcane ash, 40-45 parts of fly ash, 5-7 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1-2 parts of urea, 1.2-1.5 parts of mulberry twig powder and 0.3-0.5 part of grapefruit leaf powder; weighing the components for forming the sugarcane ash fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sugarcane ash fertilizer;

(2) preparing a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer: the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer comprises, by weight, 80-100 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 25-30 parts of vinasse, 30-40 parts of fresh purple alfalfa, 5-10 parts of soapberry, 300-400 parts of water and 1-3 parts of EM probiotic stock solution; weighing the components for forming the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 30-35 days to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer;

(3) preparing a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer: the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer comprises, by weight, 150-200 parts of biogas slurry, 1.2-1.5 parts of sodium selenite, 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-3 parts of borax, 0.5-0.8 part of manganese sulfate and 0.3-0.5 part of zinc sulfate; weighing the components for forming the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer;

(4) when vegetables are planted, the sugarcane ash fertilizer prepared in the step (1) is used as a base fertilizer;

(5) spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer once in the early growth stage of the leafy vegetables, and spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer once 10-15 days before harvesting the leafy vegetables; spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer for one time before the flowering period of the fruits and vegetables;

(6) spraying the foliage fertilizer of the fruit and vegetable wastes 8-10 days before the vegetables are harvested, spraying the leaf vegetables on the whole plants, and uniformly spraying the fruit and vegetable vegetables on the fruits.

Further, the sugarcane ash fertilizer in the step (1) comprises 65-70 parts by weight of decomposed pig manure, 75-90 parts by weight of sugarcane ash, 42-45 parts by weight of fly ash, 6-7 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer, 1.5-2 parts by weight of urea, 1.3-1.5 parts by weight of mulberry twig powder and 0.4-0.5 part by weight of grapefruit leaf powder; weighing the components for forming the sugarcane ash fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sugarcane ash fertilizer.

Further, the sugarcane ash in the step (1) refers to ash obtained by combusting sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane leaves in a boiler of a power plant.

Further, the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer in the step (2) comprises, by weight, 90-100 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 27-30 parts of vinasse, 35-40 parts of fresh purple alfalfa, 7-10 parts of soapberry, 350-400 parts of water and 2-3 parts of EM probiotic stock solution; weighing the components for forming the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 32-35 days to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer.

Further, the fruit and vegetable waste in the step (2) refers to waste generated in the market circulation process of fruits and vegetables.

Further, the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer in the step (3) comprises, by weight, 170-200 parts of biogas slurry, 1.3-1.5 parts of sodium selenite, 4-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2.5-3 parts of borax, 0.6-0.8 part of manganese sulfate and 0.4-0.5 part of zinc sulfate; weighing the components for forming the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer.

Further, when vegetables are planted in the step (4), the sugarcane ash fertilizer prepared in the step (1) is used as a base fertilizer, and the application amount of the sugarcane ash fertilizer is 300-400 kg/mu.

Further, the application amount of the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer in the step (5) is 30-50 kg/mu, and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer can be diluted before being sprayed.

And (3) further, spraying the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer once 3-7 days before the flowering period of the fruits and vegetables in the step (5).

Further, the application amount of the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer in the step (6) is 25-35 kg/mu, and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer can be diluted before the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is sprayed.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the method for planting the vegetables by utilizing the sugarcane ash and the fruit and vegetable wastes, the sugarcane ash, the fly ash, the mulberry branch powder, the grapefruit leaf powder and other components are added into the sugarcane ash fertilizer, the wastes generated by squeezing the sugarcane are fully utilized, the organic and mineral nutrient elements of the sugarcane are effectively utilized, common sugarcane sugaring wastes are applied to the vegetable planting, the land can be improved, the soil hardening is avoided, meanwhile, sufficient nutrition can be provided for the planted vegetables, the survival rate of the vegetables is improved, the microcirculation state of the vegetable plants is changed, the selenium element absorption of the vegetable plants is promoted, meanwhile, the pesticide degradation speed of the vegetable plants can be accelerated, and the pesticide residue of the vegetables is effectively reduced; the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is prepared by hermetically fermenting fruit and vegetable waste, vinasse, fresh alfalfa and soapberry, can accelerate the pesticide degradation speed of vegetable plants and effectively reduce the pesticide residue in vegetables; when the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is prepared, components such as monopotassium phosphate, borax, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate and the like are also added, so that the microcirculation state of vegetable plants is changed, the cells of the vegetable plants are promoted to absorb inorganic selenium, and the selenium content of the vegetables is improved; under the dual action of the sugarcane ash fertilizer and the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer, the microcirculation state of the vegetable plants can be effectively changed, the pesticide residue in the vegetables is further reduced, and the contents of the pentachloronitrobenzene, the hexachlorobenzene, the heptachlor and the chlordane in the vegetable plants are not more than 0.1 mg/kg; under the dual action of the sugarcane ash fertilizer and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer, the microcirculation state of vegetable plants can be effectively changed, the absorption of inorganic selenium by vegetable plant cells is promoted, the selenium content of the vegetables is further improved, and the selenium content of the vegetables is up to more than 0.3 mg/kg.

Detailed Description

The following examples may help one skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

The sugarcane ash in the invention refers to ash obtained by combusting bagasse and sugarcane leaves in a boiler of a power plant.

The fruit and vegetable waste in the invention refers to waste generated in the market circulation process of fruits and vegetables.

Ramulus Mori, which is the general name of branches and leaves, ramulus Mori, and tender ramulus Mori of mulberry; the mulberry branch powder refers to powder obtained by drying and crushing branches and leaves, mulberry branches, mulberry twigs and tender mulberry branches of a mulberry tree; the grapefruit leaf powder in the present invention refers to a powdery material obtained by pulverizing dried grapefruit leaf pieces.

The fresh alfalfa is a alfalfa plant which is mown in autumn.

The Chinese soapberry seed is the seed of Chinese soapberry of the Sapindaceae Sapindus genus, and has the effects of clearing heat, eliminating phlegm, removing food retention and killing parasites. It can be used for treating sore throat, cough with asthma due to lung heat, hoarseness, food stagnation, malnutritional stagnation, ascariasis abdominal pain, tinea, and toxic swelling.

The test site is a Wuming district in Nanning City of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi, 22 degrees 59-23 degrees 33 'in northern latitude and 107 degrees 49-108 degrees 37' in east longitude, is positioned at the northern part of the Nanning City, borders the West and southwest with Longan county and Pingguo county, connects the Mashan county in the North and connects the Nano-Nanning city district; the average annual air temperature is 21.7 ℃, the hottest July, the average air temperature is 28.6 ℃, and the extreme highest air temperature is 40.7 ℃; the coldest month of January, the average air temperature is 12.8 ℃; the extreme lowest temperature is-0.8 ℃. The annual rainfall capacity in county is 1100-. But also has the disastrous weather such as cold, drought, waterlogging, wind, hail, ice, frost and the like; the area of the selected planting land is 9 mu.

Example 1: planting lettuce

A method for planting lettuce by using bagasse ash and fruit and vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing the sugarcane ash fertilizer: the sugarcane ash fertilizer comprises 60 parts of decomposed pig manure, 70 parts of sugarcane ash, 40 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1 part of urea, 1.2 parts of mulberry twig powder and 0.3 part of grapefruit leaf powder in parts by weight; weighing the components for forming the sugarcane ash fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sugarcane ash fertilizer;

(2) preparing a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer: the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer comprises 80 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 25 parts of vinasse, 30 parts of fresh alfalfa, 5 parts of soapberry, 300 parts of water and 1 part of EM probiotic stock solution by weight; weighing the components for forming the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 30 days to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer;

(3) preparing a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer: the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer comprises 150 parts of biogas slurry, 1.2 parts of sodium selenite, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of borax, 0.5 part of manganese sulfate and 0.3 part of zinc sulfate by weight; weighing the components for forming the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer;

(4) when lettuce is planted, the sugarcane ash fertilizer prepared in the step (1) is used as a base fertilizer, and the application amount of the sugarcane ash fertilizer is 300 kilograms per mu;

(5) spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer once in the early growth stage of the lettuce, and spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer once 10 days before the lettuce is harvested;

the application amount of the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is 30 kilograms per mu each time, and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is diluted before the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed;

(6) spraying a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer 8 days before the lettuce is harvested, wherein the application amount of the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is 25 kg/mu, and diluting the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer before spraying the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer; spraying the whole plant.

Example 2: planting leaf of Chinese lettuce

A method for planting leaf lettuce by utilizing bagasse ash and fruit and vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing the sugarcane ash fertilizer: the sugarcane ash fertilizer comprises 70 parts of decomposed pig manure, 90 parts of sugarcane ash, 45 parts of fly ash, 7 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of mulberry twig powder and 0.5 part of grapefruit leaf powder in parts by weight; weighing the components for forming the sugarcane ash fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sugarcane ash fertilizer;

(2) preparing a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer: the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer comprises 100 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 30 parts of vinasse, 40 parts of fresh alfalfa, 10 parts of soapberry, 400 parts of water and 3 parts of EM probiotic stock solution by weight; weighing the components for forming the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 35 days to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer;

(3) preparing a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer: the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer comprises 200 parts of biogas slurry, 1.5 parts of sodium selenite, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of borax, 0.8 part of manganese sulfate and 0.5 part of zinc sulfate by weight; weighing the components for forming the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer;

(4) when the leaf lettuce is planted, the sugarcane gray fertilizer prepared in the step (1) is used as a base fertilizer, and the application amount of the sugarcane gray fertilizer is 400 kilograms per mu;

(5) spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer once in the early growth stage of the leaf lettuce, and spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer once 15 days before the leaf lettuce is harvested;

the application amount of the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is 50 kilograms per mu each time, and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is diluted before the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed;

(6) spraying a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer 10 days before the harvest of the leaf lettuce, wherein the application amount of the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is 35 kg/mu, and diluting the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer before spraying the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer; spraying the whole plant.

Example 3: planting tomatoes

A method for planting tomatoes by utilizing bagasse ash and fruit and vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing the sugarcane ash fertilizer: the sugarcane ash fertilizer comprises 65 parts of decomposed pig manure, 75 parts of sugarcane ash, 42 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1.5 parts of urea, 1.3 parts of mulberry twig powder and 0.4 part of grapefruit leaf powder in parts by weight; weighing the components for forming the sugarcane ash fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sugarcane ash fertilizer;

(2) preparing a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer: the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer comprises 90 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 27 parts of vinasse, 35 parts of fresh alfalfa, 7 parts of soapberry, 350 parts of water and 2 parts of EM probiotic stock solution by weight; weighing the components for forming the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 32 days to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer;

(3) preparing a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer: the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer comprises 170 parts of biogas slurry, 1.3 parts of sodium selenite, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2.5 parts of borax, 0.6 part of manganese sulfate and 0.4 part of zinc sulfate by weight; weighing the components for forming the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer;

(4) when tomatoes are planted, the sugarcane ash fertilizer prepared in the step (1) is used as a base fertilizer, and the application amount of the sugarcane ash fertilizer is 350 kilograms per mu;

(5) spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer 3-7 days before the flowering period of the tomato;

the application amount of the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is 40 kilograms per mu each time, and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is diluted before the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed;

(6) spraying a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer 9 days before the tomatoes are harvested, wherein the application amount of the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is 30 kg/mu, and diluting the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer before the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is sprayed; it should be sprayed on fruit uniformly.

Example 4: sweet pepper planting

A method for planting sweet peppers by utilizing bagasse ash and fruit and vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing the sugarcane ash fertilizer: the sugarcane ash fertilizer comprises 67 parts of decomposed pig manure, 80 parts of sugarcane ash, 43 parts of fly ash, 6.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1.8 parts of urea, 1.4 parts of mulberry twig powder and 0.45 part of grapefruit leaf powder in parts by weight; weighing the components for forming the sugarcane ash fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sugarcane ash fertilizer;

(2) preparing a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer: the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer comprises, by weight, 95 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 28 parts of vinasse, 37 parts of fresh alfalfa, 8 parts of soapberry, 370 parts of water and 2.5 parts of EM probiotic stock solution; weighing the components for forming the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 33 days to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer;

(3) preparing a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer: the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer comprises 180 parts of biogas slurry, 1.4 parts of sodium selenite, 4.5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2.7 parts of borax, 0.7 part of manganese sulfate and 0.45 part of zinc sulfate by weight; weighing the components for forming the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer;

(4) when sweet peppers are planted, the sugarcane ash fertilizer prepared in the step (1) is used as a base fertilizer, and the application amount of the sugarcane ash fertilizer is 370 kilograms per mu;

(5) spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer 3-7 days before the flowering period of the sweet peppers;

the application amount of the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is 45 kilograms per mu each time, and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is diluted before the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed;

(6) spraying a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer 9 days before the sweet peppers are harvested, wherein the application amount of the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is 28 kg/mu, and diluting the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer before spraying the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer; it should be sprayed on fruit uniformly.

Comparative example 1: planting tomatoes

A method for planting tomatoes by utilizing bagasse ash and fruit and vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing the sugarcane ash fertilizer: the sugarcane ash fertilizer comprises 65 parts of decomposed pig manure, 75 parts of sugarcane ash, 42 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1.5 parts of urea and 0.4 part of grapefruit leaf powder in parts by weight; weighing the components for forming the sugarcane ash fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sugarcane ash fertilizer;

(2) preparing a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer: the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer comprises 90 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 27 parts of vinasse, 35 parts of fresh alfalfa, 7 parts of soapberry, 350 parts of water and 2 parts of EM probiotic stock solution by weight; weighing the components for forming the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 32 days to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer;

(3) preparing a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer: the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer comprises 170 parts of biogas slurry, 1.3 parts of sodium selenite, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2.5 parts of borax, 0.6 part of manganese sulfate and 0.4 part of zinc sulfate by weight; weighing the components for forming the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer;

(4) when tomatoes are planted, the sugarcane ash fertilizer prepared in the step (1) is used as a base fertilizer, and the application amount of the sugarcane ash fertilizer is 350 kilograms per mu;

(5) spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer 3-7 days before the flowering period of the tomato;

the application amount of the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is 40 kilograms per mu each time, and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is diluted before the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed;

(6) spraying a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer 9 days before the tomatoes are harvested, wherein the application amount of the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is 30 kg/mu, and diluting the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer before the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is sprayed; it should be sprayed on fruit uniformly.

Comparative example 2: planting tomatoes

A method for planting tomatoes by utilizing bagasse ash and fruit and vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing the sugarcane ash fertilizer: the sugarcane ash fertilizer comprises 65 parts of decomposed pig manure, 75 parts of sugarcane ash, 42 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1.5 parts of urea and 1.3 parts of mulberry twig powder in parts by weight; weighing the components for forming the sugarcane ash fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sugarcane ash fertilizer;

(2) preparing a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer: the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer comprises 90 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 27 parts of vinasse, 35 parts of fresh alfalfa, 7 parts of soapberry, 350 parts of water and 2 parts of EM probiotic stock solution by weight; weighing the components for forming the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 32 days to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer;

(3) preparing a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer: the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer comprises 170 parts of biogas slurry, 1.3 parts of sodium selenite, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2.5 parts of borax, 0.6 part of manganese sulfate and 0.4 part of zinc sulfate by weight; weighing the components for forming the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer;

(4) when tomatoes are planted, the sugarcane ash fertilizer prepared in the step (1) is used as a base fertilizer, and the application amount of the sugarcane ash fertilizer is 350 kilograms per mu;

(5) spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer 3-7 days before the flowering period of the tomato;

the application amount of the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is 40 kilograms per mu each time, and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is diluted before the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed;

(6) spraying a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer 9 days before the tomatoes are harvested, wherein the application amount of the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is 30 kg/mu, and diluting the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer before the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is sprayed; it should be sprayed on fruit uniformly.

Comparative example 3: planting tomatoes

A method for planting tomatoes by utilizing bagasse ash and fruit and vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing the sugarcane ash fertilizer: the sugarcane ash fertilizer comprises 65 parts of decomposed pig manure, 75 parts of sugarcane ash, 42 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1.5 parts of urea, 1.3 parts of mulberry twig powder and 0.4 part of grapefruit leaf powder in parts by weight; weighing the components for forming the sugarcane ash fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sugarcane ash fertilizer;

(2) preparing a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer: the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer comprises 90 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 27 parts of vinasse, 7 parts of soapberry, 350 parts of water and 2 parts of EM probiotic stock solution by weight; weighing the components for forming the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 32 days to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer;

(3) preparing a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer: the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer comprises 170 parts of biogas slurry, 1.3 parts of sodium selenite, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2.5 parts of borax, 0.6 part of manganese sulfate and 0.4 part of zinc sulfate by weight; weighing the components for forming the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer;

(4) when tomatoes are planted, the sugarcane ash fertilizer prepared in the step (1) is used as a base fertilizer, and the application amount of the sugarcane ash fertilizer is 350 kilograms per mu;

(5) spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer 3-7 days before the flowering period of the tomato;

the application amount of the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is 40 kilograms per mu each time, and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is diluted before the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed;

(6) spraying a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer 9 days before the tomatoes are harvested, wherein the application amount of the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is 30 kg/mu, and diluting the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer before the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is sprayed; it should be sprayed on fruit uniformly.

Comparative example 4 tomato planting

A method for planting tomatoes by utilizing bagasse ash and fruit and vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing the sugarcane ash fertilizer: the sugarcane ash fertilizer comprises 65 parts of decomposed pig manure, 75 parts of sugarcane ash, 42 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1.5 parts of urea, 1.3 parts of mulberry twig powder and 0.4 part of grapefruit leaf powder in parts by weight; weighing the components for forming the sugarcane ash fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sugarcane ash fertilizer;

(2) preparing a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer: the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer comprises 90 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 27 parts of vinasse, 35 parts of fresh alfalfa, 350 parts of water and 2 parts of EM probiotic stock solution by weight; weighing the components for forming the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 32 days to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer;

(3) preparing a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer: the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer comprises 170 parts of biogas slurry, 1.3 parts of sodium selenite, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2.5 parts of borax, 0.6 part of manganese sulfate and 0.4 part of zinc sulfate by weight; weighing the components for forming the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer;

(4) when tomatoes are planted, the sugarcane ash fertilizer prepared in the step (1) is used as a base fertilizer, and the application amount of the sugarcane ash fertilizer is 350 kilograms per mu;

(5) spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer 3-7 days before the flowering period of the tomato;

the application amount of the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is 40 kilograms per mu each time, and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is diluted before the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed;

(6) spraying a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer 9 days before the tomatoes are harvested, wherein the application amount of the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is 30 kg/mu, and diluting the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer before the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is sprayed; it should be sprayed on fruit uniformly.

Comparative example 5 tomato planting

A method for planting tomatoes by utilizing bagasse ash and fruit and vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer: the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer comprises 90 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 27 parts of vinasse, 35 parts of fresh alfalfa, 7 parts of soapberry, 350 parts of water and 2 parts of EM probiotic stock solution by weight; weighing the components for forming the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 32 days to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer;

(2) preparing a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer: the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer comprises 170 parts of biogas slurry, 1.3 parts of sodium selenite, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2.5 parts of borax, 0.6 part of manganese sulfate and 0.4 part of zinc sulfate by weight; weighing the components for forming the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer;

(3) when tomatoes are planted, the decomposed pig manure and the compound fertilizer are used as base fertilizers, and the application amount of the base fertilizers is 350 kg/mu;

(4) spraying a selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer 3-7 days before the flowering period of the tomato;

the application amount of the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is 40 kilograms per mu each time, and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is diluted before the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed;

(5) spraying a fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer 9 days before the tomatoes are harvested, wherein the application amount of the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is 30 kg/mu, and diluting the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer before the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is sprayed; it should be sprayed on fruit uniformly.

Various parameters of the vegetables harvested from the planting fields of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 1 below.

The determination method comprises the following steps:

(1) detecting the contents of the pentachloronitrobenzene, the hexachlorobenzene, the heptachlor and the chlordane by adopting gas chromatography;

(2) the selenium content was determined by fluorescence.

TABLE 1

In the above test items, the data in example 1 were obtained from the test of mature lettuce plants; the data in example 2 were obtained from mature leaf lettuce plants; the data in example 3 were measured from ripe tomato fruits; the data in example 4 were obtained from ripe pimento fruits; the data of comparative example 1 were measured from ripe tomato fruits; the data of comparative example 2 were measured from ripe tomato fruits; the data of comparative example 3 were measured from ripe tomato fruits; the data of comparative example 4 were measured from ripe tomato fruit; the data of comparative example 5 were measured from ripe tomato fruits;

according to the observation results, the sugarcane ash, the fly ash, the mulberry branch powder, the grapefruit leaf powder and other components are added into the sugarcane ash fertilizer, the waste generated by squeezing the sugarcane is fully utilized, the organic and mineral nutrient elements of the sugarcane are effectively utilized, the common sugarcane sugaring waste is applied to vegetable planting, the land can be improved, soil hardening is avoided, meanwhile, sufficient nutrition can be provided for the planted vegetables, the survival rate of the vegetables is improved, the microcirculation state of the vegetable plants is changed, the pesticide degradation speed of the vegetable plants can be accelerated while the vegetable plants are promoted to absorb the selenium element, and the pesticide residue of the vegetables is effectively reduced; the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer is prepared by hermetically fermenting fruit and vegetable waste, vinasse, fresh alfalfa and soapberry, can accelerate the pesticide degradation speed of vegetable plants and effectively reduce the pesticide residue in vegetables; when the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer is prepared, components such as monopotassium phosphate, borax, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate and the like are also added, so that the microcirculation state of vegetable plants is changed, the cells of the vegetable plants are promoted to absorb inorganic selenium, and the selenium content of the vegetables is improved; under the dual action of the sugarcane ash fertilizer and the fruit and vegetable waste foliar fertilizer, the microcirculation state of the vegetable plants can be effectively changed, the pesticide residue in the vegetables is further reduced, and the contents of the pentachloronitrobenzene, the hexachlorobenzene, the heptachlor and the chlordane in the vegetable plants are not more than 0.1 mg/kg; under the dual action of the sugarcane ash fertilizer and the selenium-containing compound foliar fertilizer, the microcirculation state of vegetable plants can be effectively changed, the absorption of inorganic selenium by vegetable plant cells is promoted, the selenium content of the vegetables is further improved, and the selenium content of the vegetables is up to more than 0.3 mg/kg.

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.