阅读说明：本技术 一种分段吸收的全降解包衣型烟用棒肥及其制备方法 (Segmented-absorption fully-degradable coated rod fertilizer for cigarettes and preparation method thereof ) 是由 李洪勋 林叶春 罗筑 杨磊 梁贵林 邹焱 高维常 于 2021-08-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种分段吸收的全降解包衣型烟用棒肥,所述棒肥由外到内依次分为前期肥、中期肥和后期肥；在所述前期肥外设有第一全降解材料包衣,在所述前期肥与所述中期肥之间设有第二全降解材料包衣,在所述中期肥与所述后期肥之间设有第三全降解材料包衣；所述第一全降解材料包衣的崩解时间为栽后1～2天,所述第二降解包衣材料的崩解时间为栽后25～30天,所述第三降解包衣材料的崩解时间为栽后55～60天。所述的所有降解材料包衣均在崩解后1～2个月完全降解为CO-(2)和H-(2)O。本发明通过将传统施肥模式中的基肥、一次追肥和二次追肥采用不同的全降解材料包衣隔离开,在施用后前期肥、中期肥和后期肥逐次溶解吸收,以满足烟草在各生长阶段对肥料的精准需求。(The invention discloses a full-degradable coated rod fertilizer for cigarettes, which is absorbed in a segmented manner, wherein the rod fertilizer is sequentially divided into a front-stage fertilizer, a middle-stage fertilizer and a rear-stage fertilizer from outside to inside; a first full-degradable material coating is arranged outside the early-stage fertilizer, a second full-degradable material coating is arranged between the early-stage fertilizer and the middle-stage fertilizer, and a third full-degradable material coating is arranged between the middle-stage fertilizer and the later-stage fertilizer; the disintegration time of the first full-degradable coating is 1-2 days after planting, the disintegration time of the second degradable coating is 25-30 days after planting, and the disintegration time of the third degradable coating is 55-60 days after planting. All the degradable material coatings are completely degraded into CO in 1-2 months after disintegration 2 And H 2 And O. According to the invention, the base fertilizer, the primary additional fertilizer and the secondary additional fertilizer in the traditional fertilizer application mode are coated and isolated by adopting different fully-degradable materials, and the early-stage fertilizer, the middle-stage fertilizer and the later-stage fertilizer are dissolved and absorbed successively after application, so that the accurate requirement of tobacco on the fertilizer in each growth stage is met.)

1. A full-degradable coated rod fertilizer for cigarettes absorbed in sections is characterized in that the rod fertilizer is sequentially divided into a front-stage fertilizer, a middle-stage fertilizer and a rear-stage fertilizer from outside to inside;

a first full-degradable material coating is arranged outside the early-stage fertilizer, a second full-degradable material coating is arranged between the early-stage fertilizer and the middle-stage fertilizer, and a third full-degradable material coating is arranged between the middle-stage fertilizer and the later-stage fertilizer;

the disintegration time of the first full degradable material coating is 1-2 days after the coating is buried, the disintegration time of the second degradable material coating is 25-30 days after planting, and the disintegration time of the third degradable material coating is 55-60 days after planting.

2. The rod fertilizer for the segmented absorbed full-degradable coated cigarette as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first full-degradable material coating comprises the following components by weight percent:

polylactic acid (PLA) or

75-85% of a copolymer (PBAT) of butylene adipate and butylene terephthalate;

15-25% of phosphate ester plasticizer;

the Lewis acid accounts for 0.3-0.5%.

3. The segmented-absorption fully-degradable coated cigarette rod fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second fully-degradable material coating comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

polylactic acid (PLA) or

75-85% of a copolymer (PBAT) of butylene adipate and butylene terephthalate;

15-25% of phosphate ester plasticizer;

the carbodiimide accounts for 0.5-1%.

4. The segmented-absorption fully-degradable coated cigarette rod fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the third fully-degradable material coating comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

polylactic acid (PLA) or

75-85% of a copolymer (PBAT) of butylene adipate and butylene terephthalate;

15-25% of phosphate ester plasticizer;

the carbodiimide accounts for 0.5-1%.

5. The rod fertilizer for the segmented absorbed full-degradable coated cigarette as claimed in claim 1, wherein the early-stage fertilizer comprises 25-35% of nitrogen, 25-35% of phosphorus, 5-15% of potassium and 2% of biomass carbon powder by weight percentage of fertilizers in different periods of time in the total amount of the element fertilizers.

6. The rod fertilizer for the segmented-absorption fully-degradable coated cigarette as claimed in claim 1, wherein the medium-period fertilizer comprises 45-55% of nitrogen, 30-40% of phosphorus, 45-55% of potassium and 3% of biomass carbon powder by weight of fertilizers accounting for the total amount of each element fertilizer in different periods.

7. The rod fertilizer for the segmented absorbed full-degradable coated cigarette as claimed in claim 1, wherein the later stage fertilizer comprises 15-25% of nitrogen, 30-40% of phosphorus, 35-45% of potassium and 3% of biomass carbon powder by weight percentage of fertilizers accounting for the total amount of each element fertilizer in different periods.

8. The preparation method of the sectional absorption fully-degradable coated cigarette rod fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:

the cylindrical product is prepared by adopting an injection molding method and comprises a three-layer structure, namely a first full-degradable material coating, a second full-degradable material coating and a third full-degradable material coating, wherein the thickness of the coatings is 0.4-0.6 mm, and the height of the cylinder is 6-9 cm.

And then crushing and uniformly mixing the components of the fertilizer in the third period, respectively filling the mixture into corresponding coating materials, wherein the fertilizer in the later period is placed into a coating of a third fully-degradable material, the fertilizer in the middle period is placed into a coating of a second fully-degradable material, and the fertilizer in the earlier period is placed into a coating of a first fully-degradable material, and respectively sealing the coatings.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a full-degradable coated tobacco rod fertilizer capable of being absorbed in a segmented mode and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco fertilizers.

Background

When tobacco is planted, the traditional fertilization mode adopts a mode of separately applying base fertilizer and additional fertilizer, the fertilization efficiency of the fertilization mode is low, the fertilization cost is high, and the income of flue-cured tobacco planting is low. In order to solve the problems existing in the traditional fertilization mode, particularly the problem of low fertilization efficiency, the prior one-time full-element fertilization technologies such as slow-release coated fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers, base and top dressing integrated fertilizers are available, and the base fertilizers and the top dressing fertilizers are integrated into a whole. However, the applicant finds in practical experiments that the above technology cannot meet the precise requirement of the tobacco on the fertilizer in each growth stage, and further influences the growth quality of the tobacco leaves.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, the invention provides the full-degradable coated tobacco rod fertilizer capable of being absorbed in a segmented manner and the preparation method thereof, which can fully meet the requirements of tobacco on the fertilizer in each growth stage so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a full-degradable coated rod fertilizer for cigarettes absorbed in sections is characterized in that the rod fertilizer is sequentially divided into a front-stage fertilizer, a middle-stage fertilizer and a later-stage fertilizer from outside to inside;

a first full-degradable material coating is arranged outside the early-stage fertilizer, a second full-degradable material coating is arranged between the early-stage fertilizer and the middle-stage fertilizer, and a third full-degradable material coating is arranged between the middle-stage fertilizer and the later-stage fertilizer;

the disintegration time of the first full degradable material coating is 1-2 days after the coating is buried, the disintegration time of the second degradable material coating is 25-30 days after planting, and the disintegration time of the third degradable material coating is 55-60 days after planting.

Optionally, the first fully degradable material coating comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

polylactic acid (PLA) or

75-85% of a copolymer (PBAT) of butylene adipate and butylene terephthalate;

15-25% of phosphate ester plasticizer;

the Lewis acid accounts for 0.3-0.5%.

Optionally, the second fully degradable material coating comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

polylactic acid (PLA) or

75-85% of a copolymer (PBAT) of butylene adipate and butylene terephthalate;

15-25% of phosphate ester plasticizer;

the carbodiimide accounts for 0.5-1%.

Optionally, the third fully degradable material coating comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

polylactic acid (PLA) or

75-85% of a copolymer (PBAT) of butylene adipate and butylene terephthalate;

15-25% of phosphate ester plasticizer;

the carbodiimide accounts for 0.5-1%.

Optionally, the early-stage fertilizer contains 25-35% of nitrogen, 25-35% of phosphorus, 5-15% of potassium and 2% of biomass carbon powder, calculated by weight percentage of the fertilizer accounting for the total amount of each element fertilizer in different periods.

Optionally, the medium-term fertilizer contains 45-55% of nitrogen, 30-40% of phosphorus, 45-55% of potassium and 3% of biomass carbon powder by weight percentage of fertilizers in different periods of time in the total amount of the element fertilizers.

Optionally, the later-stage fertilizer contains 15-25% of nitrogen, 30-40% of phosphorus, 35-45% of potassium and 3% of biomass carbon powder, calculated by weight percentage of the fertilizer accounting for the total amount of each element fertilizer in different periods.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the segmented-absorption fully-degradable coated rod fertilizer for cigarettes, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the cylindrical product is prepared by adopting an injection molding method and comprises a three-layer structure, namely a first full-degradable material coating, a second full-degradable material coating and a third full-degradable material coating, wherein the thickness of the coatings is 0.4-0.6 mm, and the height of the cylinder is 6-9 cm.

And then crushing and uniformly mixing the components of the fertilizer in the third period, respectively filling the mixture into corresponding coating materials, wherein the fertilizer in the later period is placed into a coating of a third fully-degradable material, the fertilizer in the middle period is placed into a coating of a second fully-degradable material, and the fertilizer in the earlier period is placed into a coating of a first fully-degradable material, and respectively sealing the coatings.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the rod fertilizer is divided into three layers from inside to outside, wherein the outermost layer is a prophase fertilizer, the middle layer is a metaphase fertilizer, the innermost layer is a anaphase fertilizer, and the layers are separated by coating materials with different disintegration times. Therefore, when the fertilizer is applied, the first full-degradable material coating is disintegrated within 1-2 days after the fertilizer is applied and buried in soil, and the fertilizer at the early stage releases fertilizer efficiency outwards so as to meet the nutritional requirement within 30 days after the tobacco plants are transplanted. The second full-degradable material coating is exposed in soil after the first full-degradable material coating is disintegrated, and is disintegrated 25-30 days after planting, and the fertilizer in the middle period gradually releases fertilizer efficiency outwards so as to meet the nutritional requirement of the tobacco plants within 30-60 days after being transplanted. The third full-degradable material coating is exposed in soil after the second full-degradable material coating is disintegrated, and is disintegrated 55-60 days after planting, and the fertilizer gradually releases fertilizer efficiency outwards at the later stage, so that the nutritional requirements of the tobacco plants 60 days after being transplanted are met. According to the invention, the base fertilizer, the primary additional fertilizer and the secondary additional fertilizer in the traditional fertilizer application mode are coated and isolated by adopting different fully-degradable materials, and the early-stage fertilizer, the middle-stage fertilizer and the later-stage fertilizer are dissolved successively after application, so that the accurate requirement of tobacco on the fertilizer in each growth stage is met.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bar fertilizer;

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a bar fertilizer;

reference numerals: the fertilizer comprises 1 early stage fertilizer, 2 middle stage fertilizer, 3 later stage fertilizer, 4 first full degradable material coating, 5 second full degradable material coating and 6 third full degradable material coating.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

The following is a detailed description of the principles of the invention:

the invention relates to a full-degradation coated tobacco rod fertilizer capable of being absorbed in a segmented mode, which is sequentially divided into a front-stage fertilizer, a middle-stage fertilizer and a rear-stage fertilizer from outside to inside, wherein a first full-degradation material coating is arranged outside the front-stage fertilizer, a second full-degradation material coating is arranged between the front-stage fertilizer and the middle-stage fertilizer, and a third full-degradation material coating is arranged between the middle-stage fertilizer and the rear-stage fertilizer; the disintegration time of the first full-degradable coating is 1-2 days after planting, the disintegration time of the second degradable coating is 25-30 days after planting, and the disintegration time of the third degradable coating is 55-60 days. All the degradable material coatings are completely degraded into CO in 1-2 months after disintegration₂And H₂O。

The rod fertilizer is divided into three layers from inside to outside, wherein the outermost layer is a prophase fertilizer, the middle layer is a metaphase fertilizer, the innermost layer is a anaphase fertilizer, and the layers are separated by coating materials with different disintegration times. Therefore, when the fertilizer is applied, the first full-degradable material coating is disintegrated within 1-2 days of application, and the fertilizer at the early stage releases fertilizer efficiency outwards so as to meet the nutritional requirement within 30 days after the tobacco plants are transplanted. The second full-degradable material coating is exposed in soil after the first full-degradable material coating is disintegrated, and is disintegrated 25-30 days after planting, and the fertilizer in the middle period gradually releases fertilizer efficiency outwards so as to meet the nutritional requirement of the tobacco plants within 30-60 days after being transplanted. The third full-degradable material coating is exposed in soil after the second full-degradable material coating is disintegrated, and is disintegrated 55-60 days after planting, and the fertilizer gradually releases fertilizer efficiency outwards at the later stage, so that the nutritional requirements of the tobacco plants 60 days after being transplanted are met. According to the invention, the base fertilizer, the primary additional fertilizer and the secondary additional fertilizer in the traditional fertilizer application mode are coated and isolated by adopting different fully-degradable materials, and the early-stage fertilizer, the middle-stage fertilizer and the later-stage fertilizer are dissolved successively after application, so that the accurate requirement of tobacco on the fertilizer in each growth stage is met.

Preferably, the first fully degradable material coating material is a cylindrical film product prepared by mixing a base material and an auxiliary material and then performing an injection molding method, and the disintegration time is 1-2 days after planting. Wherein, the base material: 75-85% by weight of polylactic acid (PLA) or a copolymer (PBAT) of butylene adipate and butylene terephthalate, and 15-25% by weight of phosphate ester plasticizer; auxiliary materials: the weight percentage of the Lewis acid is 0.3-0.5%. In this embodiment, the thickness of the film product is 0.4-0.6 mm.

Preferably, the second fully degradable material coating material is a cylindrical film product prepared by mixing a base material and auxiliary materials and then performing an injection molding method, and the disintegration time is 25-30 days after planting. Wherein, the base material: 75-85% by weight of polylactic acid (PLA) or a copolymer (PBAT) of butylene adipate and butylene terephthalate, and 15-25% by weight of phosphate ester plasticizer; auxiliary materials: the weight percentage of the carbodiimide accounts for 0.5-1%. In this embodiment, the thickness of the film product is 0.4-0.6 mm.

Preferably, the third fully degradable material coating material is a cylindrical film product prepared by mixing a base material and auxiliary materials and then performing an injection molding method, and the disintegration time is 55-60 days after cultivation. Wherein, the base material: 75-85% by weight of polylactic acid (PLA) or a copolymer (PBAT) of butylene adipate and butylene terephthalate, and 15-25% by weight of phosphate ester plasticizer; auxiliary materials: the weight percentage of the carbodiimide accounts for 0.5-1%. In this embodiment, the thickness of the film product is 0.4-0.6 mm.

Preferably, the early-stage fertilizer contains 25-35% of nitrogen, 25-35% of phosphorus, 5-15% of potassium and 2% of biomass carbon powder in percentage by weight of the fertilizer accounting for the total amount of the element fertilizers at different time periods; the medium-term fertilizer contains 45-55% of nitrogen, 30-40% of phosphorus, 45-55% of potassium and 3% of biomass carbon powder; the later-period fertilizer contains 15-25% of nitrogen, 30-40% of phosphorus, 35-45% of potassium and 3% of biomass carbon powder, and is shown in table 1:

table 1 mass percent unit of fertilizers in different periods of time in the total amount of each element fertilizer: (%)

Days after planting (d)	Nitrogen fertilizer (%)	Phosphate fertilizer (%)	Potash fertilizer (%)
				0～30	25～35	25～35	5～15
30～60	45～55	30～40	45～55
				>60d	15～25	30～40	35～45

The fertilizer auxiliary materials in the three periods are biomass carbon powder, the content of the biomass carbon powder accounts for 2%, 3% and 2% of the mass percent of the fertilizer in each period, and the biomass carbon powder has the functions of improving soil permeability and promoting nutrient absorption; and (4) respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the fertilizers in the sections, and filling the fertilizers in the corresponding interlayers.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the full-degradable coated tobacco rod fertilizer by sectional absorption, which comprises the following steps:

1) the cylindrical product is prepared by adopting an injection molding method and comprises a three-layer structure, namely a first full-degradable material coating, a second full-degradable material coating and a third full-degradable material coating, wherein the thickness of the coatings is 0.4-0.6 mm, and the height of the cylinder is 6-9 cm.

2) And then crushing and uniformly mixing the components of the fertilizer in the third period, respectively filling the mixture into corresponding coating materials, wherein the fertilizer in the later period is placed into a coating of a third fully-degradable material, the fertilizer in the middle period is placed into a coating of a second fully-degradable material, and the fertilizer in the earlier period is placed into a coating of a first fully-degradable material, and respectively sealing the coatings. In this embodiment, the seal may be a hot melt seal.

Effect verification:

in order to verify the actual application effect of the invention in the field, a field-by-field comparison test is carried out. The same field contrast test is provided with 3 treatments, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the area of a cell is 100m². The contrast treatment adopts a conventional fertilization mode (base fertilizer and additional fertilizer); the treatment 1 adopts the one-time application rod fertilizer of the invention, the mixture ratio is shown in table 2, the treatment 2 adds biomass carbon powder on the basis of the treatment 1, and the content of the biomass carbon powder accounts for 2 percent, 3 percent and 2 percent of the fertilizer in each period by mass respectively.

Table 2 mass percent units of fertilizers in different periods of time in the total amount of each element fertilizer: (%)

Days after planting (d)	Nitrogen fertilizer (%)	Phosphate fertilizer (%)	Potash fertilizer (%)
				0～30	30	30	10
30～60	50	35	50
				>60d	20	35	40

Coating components of the rod fertilizer fully-degradable materials of the treatment 1 and the treatment 2:

1) the coating component of the first fully degradable material is calculated according to the weight percentage:

80 percent of copolymer (PBAT) of butanediol adipate and butanediol terephthalate, 19.6 percent of phosphate ester plasticizer and 0.4 percent of Lewis acid.

2) The coating component of the second fully degradable material is calculated according to the weight percentage: 80 percent of copolymer (PBAT) of butanediol adipate and butanediol terephthalate, 19.2 percent of phosphate ester plasticizer and 0.8 percent of carbodiimide.

3) The third fully degradable material coating component is calculated according to the weight percentage: 80 percent of copolymer (PBAT) of butanediol adipate and butanediol terephthalate, 19.2 percent of phosphate ester plasticizer and 0.8 percent of carbodiimide.

Planting test sites: in the Guizhou province tobacco science research institute flat dam test base. The planting field needs no root and stem diseases, concentrated connection of pieces, flat topography, convenient irrigation and drainage, moderate and basically consistent soil fertility. The flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 planted in the current field is adopted as a test variety, ridge culture is carried out on a test field, the ridge forming height is 0.3m, the ridge distance is 1.1m, the transplanting row distance is 0.55m, transplanting is carried out for 15 days after 4 months, and field management, harvesting and baking are the same as local high-quality flue-cured tobacco cultivation management measures.

The planting test method comprises the following steps: the contrast treatment is carried out according to a conventional fertilization mode, and specifically comprises the following steps: 50.0kg of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 9:22) is applied to each mu (used as base fertilizer for strip application), 2.5kg of root fixing fertilizer (N: P: K: 15:0:30) and 14.2kg of additional fertilizer (N: P: K: 15:0: 30). And (2) after the tobacco plants are transplanted on tobacco ridges without base fertilizers, 2.5kg of root setting fertilizers are applied to each mu (N: P: K is 15:0:30), rod fertilizers are applied once after transplanting, 1 rod fertilizer is applied to each plant in soil with the side of 10cm of the tobacco plant, the length of each rod fertilizer is 7.5cm, the diameter of each rod fertilizer is 3.0cm, the insertion depth of each rod fertilizer is 10cm, and the soil is covered after the rod fertilizers are inserted into the soil. The pure nitrogen amount applied to all treated acres is unified to 7 kg.

The results of field-by-field comparison tests show that the difference of the application of the rod fertilizer disclosed by the invention compared with the control treatment is obvious, and the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and the quality improvement of tobacco leaves are facilitated. Compared with the conventional fertilization CK treatment, the flue-cured tobacco has the advantages that the agronomic indexes such as plant height, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width of the flue-cured tobacco are increased (the agronomic characters of the flue-cured tobacco in the initial flowering stage are shown in the table 3), and the fertilizer can fully meet the nutrition required by the development of the flue-cured tobacco in each stage; compared with the T1 treatment, the flue-cured tobacco treated by the T2 has slightly better agronomic traits, which shows that the biomass carbon powder can improve soil permeability and promote nutrient absorption to a certain extent. Compared with the quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaves treated by the rod fertilizer have moderate nicotine content, higher potassium content and better harmony of chemical components (Table 4).

TABLE 3 agronomic traits for different treatments of initial flowering stage of flue-cured tobacco

TABLE 4 chemical composition of different treated flue-cured tobacco leaves (C3F)

In addition, through the test analysis of the applicant, the fertilizer is absorbed in stages, and the ineffective release of the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer can be reduced. The fertilizer is applied at one time, and the labor consumption is reduced by 1.0-1.5/mu. Moreover, due to the soil moisture content, for example, only the optimal transplanting period of 1-2 days is short, the soil is exhausted in a short time, and the rod application can adopt a mode of transplanting firstly and then applying fertilizer, and the fertilizer application can be completed within 5 days after the transplanting. Therefore, compared with the traditional 'strip application-additional fertilization' mode, the method can effectively grab the farm works and ensure that the transplanting is easily completed in sufficient time.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.