阅读说明：本技术 一种自维持反应基安全环保烟花开爆药及其制备方法 (Self-sustaining reaction-based safe and environment-friendly firework bursting charge and preparation method thereof ) 是由 束庆海 吴启才 于 2021-07-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种自维持反应基安全环保烟花开爆药及其制备方法,包括：高分子氟聚物、活性还原剂、促爆剂、粘结剂；由以下重量份配比和粒径的组分组成：高分子氟聚物33～75份,粒径50～400μm；活性还原剂10～60份,粒径10～75μm；促爆剂8～50份,粒径10～120μm；硅烷偶联剂0.5～3份；粘结剂0.5～5份。本发明的优点是：取缔了传统的黑火药组分中硝酸钾、硫磺等对环境极其有害且感度较高的物质。所得产品具有无硫无氮、微烟、对环境友好、机械感度低、安全性高等优势,可广泛应用于烟花爆竹用开爆药生产中。(The invention discloses a self-sustaining reaction-based safe and environment-friendly firework blasting explosive and a preparation method thereof, wherein the self-sustaining reaction-based safe and environment-friendly firework blasting explosive comprises the following steps: high molecular fluorine polymer, active reducing agent, explosion promoter and binder; the composite material consists of the following components in parts by weight and particle size: 33-75 parts of high-molecular fluorine polymer with the particle size of 50-400 mu m; 10-60 parts of active reducing agent, and the particle size is 10-75 mu m; 8-50 parts of an explosion promoter, and the particle size is 10-120 mu m; 0.5-3 parts of a silane coupling agent; 0.5-5 parts of a binder. The invention has the advantages that: the components of the traditional black powder, such as potassium nitrate, sulfur and the like which are extremely harmful to the environment and have higher sensitivity are banned. The obtained product has the advantages of no sulfur, no nitrogen, little smoke, environmental protection, low mechanical sensitivity, high safety and the like, and can be widely applied to the production of the explosive for fireworks and crackers.)

1. A self-sustaining reactive-group safe and environmentally friendly pyrotechnic charge, comprising: high molecular fluorine polymer, active reducing agent, explosion promoter and binder;

the composite material consists of the following components in parts by weight and particle size:

33-75 parts of high-molecular fluorine polymer with the particle size of 50-400 mu m; 10-60 parts of active reducing agent, and the particle size is 10-75 mu m; 8-50 parts of an explosion promoter, and the particle size is 10-120 mu m; 0.5-3 parts of a silane coupling agent; 0.5-5 parts of a binder.

2. The self-sustaining reactive-group safe and environment-friendly firework explosive according to claim 1, wherein: the high molecular fluorine polymer is one of perfluoropolyether, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyfluoroolefin and polyfluoroalkane.

3. The self-sustaining reactive-group safe and environment-friendly firework explosive according to claim 1, wherein: the explosion promoter is perchlorate or chlorate, specifically one of potassium perchlorate, lead perchlorate and potassium chlorate.

4. The self-sustaining reactive-group safe and environment-friendly firework explosive according to claim 1, wherein: the reducing agent is an active metal, and specifically is one of spherical aluminum powder, spherical magnesium powder and spherical zinc powder.

5. The preparation method of the self-sustaining reactive group safe and environment-friendly firework explosive according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: adding a silane coupling agent into ethyl acetate, uniformly stirring, dispersing an active reducing agent into a solution formed by adding the silane coupling agent into the ethyl acetate under the protection of inert atmosphere, soaking, filtering and drying to obtain a modified active reducing agent;

step two: adding a binder into ethyl acetate, stirring until the binder is completely dissolved, dispersing the modified active reducing agent obtained in the step one into a solution formed by adding the binder into the ethyl acetate, and stirring to obtain a binder-coated reducing agent dispersion liquid;

step three: adding the high molecular fluorine polymer and the explosion promoter into the dispersion liquid obtained in the third step, and stirring for a certain time to obtain slurry;

step four: and E, extruding and granulating the slurry obtained in the step three through a granulator, and drying the granules to obtain the final product.

6. The self-sustaining reactive-group safe and environment-friendly pyrotechnic charge as claimed in claim 5 wherein: the stirring time from the first step to the third step is 1-6 h, and the stirring speed is 100-200 rpm/min.

7. The self-sustaining reactive-group safe and environment-friendly pyrotechnic charge as claimed in claim 5 wherein: the soaking time in the step one is 1-3 h.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of firework and firecracker manufacturing, in particular to a self-sustaining reaction-based safe and environment-friendly firework blasting powder and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Black powder is one of the important raw materials in the production of fireworks and crackers. The black powder is made up by mixing three components of potassium nitrate (oxidant), charcoal (reductant) and sulfur (combustible), and has the advantages of low cost, safe operation and convenient production. However, the black powder can generate a large amount of black smoke during combustion, which affects the setting off effect of fireworks, and the combustion is incomplete, and the residue contains a large amount of oxides of carbon, sulfur and potassium and solid residues, which seriously pollutes the environment. In the aspect of safety, the black powder has high mechanical sensitivity, and can be ignited or exploded when being subjected to strong impact or friction, so that the safety is low in the production and transportation processes, and great danger is brought to lives and properties of people.

The high molecular fluorine polymer has good thermal stability (the decomposition temperature is generally above 400 ℃), ageing resistance and chemical stability, compared with the heat of formation of fluoride generated by the reaction of metal powder, the oxide is large, and a large amount of heat can be released (the explosion heat can reach 2150 kcal/kg). Meanwhile, the high molecular fluorine polymer has good compatibility with substances such as common combustible agents and additives of pyrotechnic compositions, has excellent long-term storage performance, and has good formability when applied to energetic materials such as pyrotechnic compositions. In addition, the combustion products of the high molecular fluorine polymer/active metal powder are carbon and fluoride particles, toxic and harmful gases such as sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide and the like are not generated, and the method is environment-friendly. In terms of safety, the high molecular fluoropolymer/active metal powder exhibits a marked bluntness to mechanical impact and thermal action, and is therefore highly safe during production and transportation. Based on the subversive advantages, the high molecular fluorine polymer/active metal powder can be applied to the production of fireworks and crackers and is expected to completely replace black powder.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a self-sustaining reaction-based safe and environment-friendly firework blasting powder and a preparation method thereof.

In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a self-sustaining reactive-group safe and environmentally friendly firework bursting charge, comprising: high molecular fluorine polymer, active reducing agent, explosion promoter and binder;

the composite material consists of the following components in parts by weight and particle size:

33-75 parts of high-molecular fluorine polymer with the particle size of 50-400 mu m; 10-60 parts of active reducing agent, and the particle size is 10-75 mu m; 8-50 parts of an explosion promoter, and the particle size is 10-120 mu m; 0.5-3 parts of a silane coupling agent; 0.5-5 parts of a binder.

Preferably, the high molecular weight fluoropolymer is one of perfluoropolyether, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyfluoroolefin, and polyfluoroalkane.

Preferably, the explosion promoter is perchlorate or chlorate, specifically one of potassium perchlorate, lead perchlorate and potassium chlorate.

Preferably, the reducing agent is an active metal, specifically one of spherical aluminum powder, spherical magnesium powder and spherical zinc powder.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a self-sustaining reaction-based safe and environment-friendly firework explosive, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: adding a silane coupling agent into ethyl acetate, uniformly stirring, dispersing an active reducing agent into a solution formed by adding the silane coupling agent into the ethyl acetate under the protection of inert atmosphere, soaking, filtering and drying to obtain a modified active reducing agent;

step two: adding a binder into ethyl acetate, stirring until the binder is completely dissolved, dispersing the modified active reducing agent obtained in the step one into a solution formed by adding the binder into the ethyl acetate, and stirring to obtain a binder-coated reducing agent dispersion liquid;

step three: adding the high molecular fluorine polymer and the explosion promoter into the dispersion liquid obtained in the third step, and stirring for a certain time to obtain slurry;

step four: and E, extruding and granulating the slurry obtained in the step three through a granulator, and drying the granules to obtain the final product.

Preferably, the stirring time in the first step to the third step is 1 to 6 hours, and the stirring speed is 100 to 200 rpm/min.

Preferably, the soaking time in the step one is 1-3 h.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the material is prepared from the high-molecular fluoropolymer, the active reducing agent and the explosion promoter which are common chemical reagents and have wide and easily available sources by adopting simple processes of powder mixing, stirring, granulating and drying, and the material is suitable for industrial batch production and has safe and controllable process.

2. The composite powder can be used for replacing the traditional black powder, has the advantages of no sulfur, no nitrogen, little smoke, environmental friendliness, low mechanical sensitivity, high safety and the like, and can be widely applied to the production of the propellant for fireworks and crackers.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail by referring to the following examples.

A preparation method of a self-sustaining reaction group safe and environment-friendly firework blasting powder comprises the following specific steps:

(1) modified coating

Surface modification: adding 0.5 part of silane coupling agent KH-550 into ethyl acetate, stirring for 0.5h, dispersing 30 parts of spherical zinc powder and 12 parts of spherical magnesium powder into the solution under the protection of inert atmosphere, soaking for 6h, filtering and drying to obtain a modified coated reducing agent; wherein the particle size of the spherical zinc powder is 40 μm, and the particle size of the spherical magnesium powder is 10 μm;

coating: adding 1.5 parts of adhesive fluororubber 2311 into ethyl acetate, stirring until the adhesive fluororubber is completely dissolved, dispersing the modified metal powder into the solution, and stirring for 2 hours to obtain a dispersion liquid of the adhesive-coated reducing agent.

(2) Mixing powder and granulating

Mixing powder: adding 46 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride powder and 20 parts of potassium perchlorate serving as an explosion promoter into the dispersion liquid obtained by coating the reducing agent with the binder, and stirring for 4 hours to obtain slurry; wherein the particle size of the polyvinylidene fluoride powder is 160 mu m;

and (3) granulation: and extruding and granulating the obtained slurry through a granulator with a particle plate of 2mm, and drying the obtained particles at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the final product.

Example 2

A preparation method of a self-sustaining reaction group safe and environment-friendly firework blasting powder comprises the following specific steps:

(1) modified coating

Surface modification: adding 1 part of silane coupling agent KH-550 into ethyl acetate, stirring for 0.5h, dispersing 20 parts of spherical aluminum powder and 10 parts of boron powder into the solution under the protection of inert atmosphere, soaking for 6h, filtering and drying to obtain a modified coated reducing agent; wherein the particle size of the spherical aluminum powder is 40 μm, and the particle size of the boron powder is 10 μm;

coating: adding 2 parts of adhesive fluororubber 2611 into ethyl acetate, stirring until all the adhesive fluororubber is dissolved, dispersing the modified metal powder into the solution, and stirring for 2 hours to obtain an adhesive-coated reducing agent dispersion liquid.

(2) Mixing powder and granulating

Mixing powder: adding 30 parts of polyperfluortridecanoic acid and 50 parts of potassium chlorate serving as an explosion promoter into the dispersion liquid obtained by coating the reducing agent with the binder, and stirring for 4 hours to obtain slurry; wherein the particle size of the polyperfluorotridecanoic acid is 160 mu m;

and (3) granulation: and extruding and granulating the obtained slurry through a granulator with a particle plate of 2mm, and drying the obtained particles at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the final product.

Example 3

A preparation method of a self-sustaining reaction group safe and environment-friendly firework blasting powder comprises the following specific steps:

(1) modified coating

Surface modification: adding 1 part of silane coupling agent KH-550 into ethyl acetate, stirring for 0.5h, dispersing 8 parts of spherical aluminum powder and 22 parts of spherical magnesium powder into the solution under the protection of inert atmosphere, soaking for 6h, filtering and drying to obtain a modified coated reducing agent; wherein the particle size of the spherical aluminum powder is 40 μm, and the particle size of the spherical magnesium powder is 10 μm;

coating: adding 2 parts of adhesive fluororubber 2311 into ethyl acetate, stirring until the fluororubber is completely dissolved, dispersing the modified metal powder into the solution, and stirring for 2 hours to obtain a dispersion liquid of the adhesive-coated reducing agent.

(2) Mixing powder and granulating

Mixing powder: adding 51 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene and 16 parts of potassium perchlorate serving as an explosion promoter into the dispersion liquid obtained by coating the reducing agent with the binder, and stirring for 4 hours to obtain slurry; wherein the particle size of the polyperfluorotridecanoic acid is 160 mu m;

and (3) granulation: and extruding and granulating the obtained slurry through a granulator with a particle plate of 2mm, and drying the obtained particles at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the final product.

According to the test method of GJB 772A-1997 mechanical sensitivity, the impact sensitivity of the prepared explosive is 4-2% and the friction sensitivity is 0% by adopting a 10Kg drop hammer with a drop height of 25cm, so that the safety performance is obviously improved compared with the traditional fireworks explosive.

In addition, the formula of the invention abandons combustion improver, reducing agent sulfur, oxidant potassium nitrate and the like in the traditional firework explosive, and the reaction product does not contain oxysulfide and nitric oxide which seriously pollute the environment, thereby belonging to a green environment-friendly firework explosive and having very important scientific value and wide application prospect.

It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the examples described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the manner in which the invention is practiced, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specifically recited statements and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.