阅读说明：本技术 一种高温合金饼坯的制备方法 (Preparation method of high-temperature alloy cake blank ) 是由 王建国 刘�东 杨艳慧 于 2021-08-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种高温合金饼坯的制备方法,涉及合金加工技术领域,成型时,先对坯料加热到设定温度,然后将摆碾的顶点与坯料的上表面中点对正,并将摆碾倾斜,使摆碾的表面与坯料上表面贴合,再使坯料绕上表面中点所在的轴线进行转动,同时摆碾对坯料施加沿轴向向下的压力进行辗压；从而本发明通过先对坯料进行加热,然后在坯料转动的情况下,对坯料进行轴向辗压,能够一次辗压成型,相较于反复镦粗的成型方法,辗压的过程中摆碾与坯料的接触面积小,摩擦力较低,金属流动性好,能够明显降低死区区域,提高坯料表面质量和最终尺寸精度,组织结构更加均匀；并且在轴向辗压的过程中,可以明显降低设备载荷,能够用于中小设备预制较大的饼坯。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-temperature alloy cake blank, which relates to the technical field of alloy processing, and during forming, the blank is heated to a set temperature, then the vertex of a pendulum roller is aligned with the midpoint of the upper surface of the blank, the pendulum roller is inclined, the surface of the pendulum roller is attached to the upper surface of the blank, then the blank rotates around the axis where the midpoint of the upper surface is located, and simultaneously the pendulum roller applies downward pressure to the blank along the axial direction for rolling; therefore, the blank is heated firstly, and then is axially rolled under the condition of rotating the blank, so that the blank can be rolled and formed at one time; in the process of axial rolling, the equipment load can be obviously reduced, and the method can be used for prefabricating large cake blanks by medium and small equipment.)

1. The preparation method of the high-temperature alloy cake blank is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

heating the blank to a set temperature;

aligning the vertex of the pendulum roller with the midpoint of the upper surface of the blank, and inclining the pendulum roller to ensure that the surface of the pendulum roller is attached to the upper surface of the blank;

enabling the blank to rotate around the axis where the midpoint of the upper surface is located, and simultaneously applying axial downward pressure to the blank through swing grinding to roll;

and after the rolling is finished, carrying out subsequent treatment on the blank.

2. The method for preparing a superalloy cake blank according to claim 1, wherein the cake blank is heated to 850 ℃ to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min to 7 ℃/min, and is kept warm for 1h to 2h, and then is heated to 990 ℃ to 1020 ℃ and is kept warm for 1h to 2 h.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein after heating, the billet is transferred to a lower die and fixed, wherein the lower die is coupled to a rotary drive mechanism.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the lower mold is heated to a temperature of 280-350 ℃ before transferring the billet to the lower mold.

5. The method for preparing a superalloy cake blank according to claim 4, wherein an aluminum silicate asbestos layer is padded between the blank and the lower die.

6. The method for preparing a superalloy cake blank according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the swing mill is pressed down at a speed of 2mm/s to 8mm/s and the rotation speed of the blank is 30r/min to 60 r/min.

7. The method for preparing a superalloy cake blank according to claim 6, wherein the angle of inclination of the pendulum roller is 5 ° to 8 °.

8. The method for preparing a superalloy cake blank according to claim 7, wherein after rolling the blank, the blank is subjected to a texture homogenization treatment.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the temperature of the tissue homogenization treatment is 940 ℃ to 1020 ℃.

10. The method for preparing a superalloy cake blank according to claim 1, wherein the height to diameter ratio of the blank is 1 to 1.6, and the deformation is 30% to 60%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of alloy processing, in particular to a preparation method of a high-temperature alloy cake blank.

Background

At the present stage, the blank making of the high-temperature alloy is mainly divided into a free forging blank making and a pre-forging blank making, wherein an upsetting and drawing process and a multidirectional forging process in the free forging require operations of multiple fire times and multiple procedures, the operation is relatively complex, and single-fire forming cannot be carried out for too long time due to the influence of a narrow forging temperature range; for the pre-forging blank making, a set of pre-forging blank mould needs to be additionally processed, considering that if the deformation in the deformation process is large, the mould is seriously abraded, the shape of the pre-forging blank is not uniform, and when the deformation is small, the structure is uneven, and in addition, the deformation dead zone cannot be eliminated or reduced after the pre-forging blank making; for the common upsetting deformation blank making process, a larger vertical deformation dead zone exists, which is not beneficial to the uniform organization.

For example, in the prior art, the invention patent of application number "201710132448.2", which is named as a multidirectional forging method of a high-alloying high-temperature alloy bar billet/cake billet, is mainly characterized in that after a directional solidification cast ingot is formed into a rectangular billet through cogging, the billet/cake billet with the required size is obtained through the multidirectional forging method, and the upper dead zone and the lower dead zone of upsetting are reduced, but the billet is rotated by 90 degrees every time the billet goes through one pass, and every three passes are a cycle, so that the billet manufacturing process needs to go through 2-7 cycles of finishing, which results in longer construction process and lower forming efficiency.

For another example, the invention patent with application number "201510705695.8" named "forging method of high temperature alloy cake blank" first heats the alloy to forging temperature to deform the cake with deformation amount of 30% -70%, then turns the blank over to upset cake to process height; however, the modification process of multidirectional forging is complex, and the problem of dead zones of upsetting and vertical deformation cannot be solved theoretically by the upset cake process, so that the uneven structure in the preformed blank is easily caused, mixed crystals are generated, and the quality of the subsequent forged piece is influenced.

Therefore, how to simplify the process flow, reduce the deformation dead zone and improve the performance of the cake blank is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-temperature alloy cake blank, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, is simpler in forming method, and has better structure consistency and better performance of the formed cake blank.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a preparation method of a high-temperature alloy cake blank, which comprises the following steps:

heating the blank to a set temperature;

aligning the vertex of the pendulum roller with the midpoint of the upper surface of the blank, and inclining the pendulum roller to ensure that the surface of the pendulum roller is attached to the upper surface of the blank;

enabling the blank to rotate around the axis where the midpoint of the upper surface is located, and simultaneously applying axial downward pressure to the blank through swing grinding to roll;

and after the rolling is finished, carrying out subsequent treatment on the blank.

Preferably, the cake blank is heated to 850-900 ℃ at the heating rate of 3-7 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1-2 h, then is heated to 990-1020 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1-2 h.

Preferably, after heating, the blank is transferred to a lower die and fixed, wherein the lower die is connected to a rotary drive mechanism.

Preferably, the lower mold is heated to 280-350 ℃ before the blank is transferred to the lower mold.

Preferably, an aluminum silicate asbestos layer is padded between the blank and the lower die.

Preferably, the pressing speed of the swing grinding is 2 mm/s-8 mm/s, and the rotating speed of the blank is 30 r/min-60 r/min.

Preferably, the inclination angle of the swing roller is 5-8 degrees.

Preferably, after the rolling of the blank is finished, the blank is subjected to tissue homogenization treatment.

Preferably, the temperature for the tissue homogenization treatment is 940-1020 ℃.

Preferably, the height-diameter ratio of the blank is 1-1.6, and the deformation is 30-60%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

1. according to the invention, the blank is heated firstly, and then is axially rolled under the condition of rotating the blank, so that the blank can be rolled and formed at one time, compared with a repeated upsetting forming method, the rolling method has the advantages that the contact area between a swing roller and the blank is small in the rolling process, the friction force is lower, the metal fluidity is good, the dead zone area can be obviously reduced, the surface quality and the final size precision of the blank are improved, and the organization structure is more uniform;

2. compared with the upsetting process, the rolling process has fewer process steps and a forming method is simpler; in the axial rolling process, the continuous local deformation of the blank replaces the interval local deformation of the traditional forging process, so that the equipment load can be obviously reduced, and the method can be used for prefabricating a larger cake blank by medium and small equipment;

3. the invention has no forging and impact in the rolling process, has little vibration and noise, and can obviously improve the labor intensity of workers and the working environment;

4. and the rolled cake blank is subjected to tissue homogenization treatment, so that recrystallization can be carried out at a temperature lower than the static recrystallization temperature, and a high-temperature alloy cake blank with better tissue consistency is obtained.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the process of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a high-power microscopic metallographic structure of a GH4169 alloy cake blank under a forming condition;

FIG. 3 is a high-power microscopic metallographic structure of the GH4169 alloy cake blank of FIG. 2 after the structure homogenization treatment;

FIG. 4 is a high-power microscopic metallographic structure of a GH4169 alloy cake blank under yet another forming condition;

FIG. 5 is a high-power microscopic metallographic structure of the GH4169 alloy cake blank of FIG. 3 after the structure homogenization treatment;

wherein, 1, swing grinding; 2. a blank; 3. and (5) a lower die.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-temperature alloy cake blank, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, is simpler in forming method, and has better structure consistency and better performance of the formed cake blank.

The embodiment provides a preparation method of a high-temperature alloy cake blank, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, heating the blank 2 to a set temperature; aligning the vertex of the pendulum roller 1 with the middle point of the upper surface of the blank 2 (generally, the blank 2 is cylindrical, and the center of the upper surface is the center of a circular upper surface), and inclining the pendulum roller 1 to ensure that the conical surface of the pendulum roller 1 is attached to the upper surface of the blank 2; then the blank 2 rotates around the axis of the midpoint of the upper surface, and the swing roller 1 applies downward pressure to the blank 2 along the axial direction to roll; after the rolling is completed, the blank 2 is subjected to subsequent processing.

Therefore, in the embodiment, the blank 2 is heated firstly, and then the blank 2 is axially rolled under the condition that the blank 2 rotates, so that the one-step rolling forming can be realized, compared with a forming method of repeated upsetting, the contact area between the swing roller 1 and the blank 2 in the rolling process is small, the friction force is low, the metal fluidity is good, the dead zone area can be obviously reduced, the surface quality and the final size precision of the blank are improved, and the organization structure is more uniform; compared with an upsetting process, the rolling process has the advantages that the process steps are few, the forming method is simpler, and the processing cost can be obviously saved; in the process of axial rolling, continuous local deformation of the blank 2 replaces interval local deformation of the traditional forging process, so that the equipment load can be obviously reduced, and the method can be used for prefabricating large cake blanks by medium and small equipment.

In addition, forging and impact are not generated in the rolling process, vibration and noise are low, and the labor intensity of workers and the working environment can be obviously improved.

In the heating process of the embodiment, the cake blank is heated to 850-900 ℃ at the heating rate of 3-7 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1-2 h, then is heated to 990-1020 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1-2 h, so that the blank 2 is completely heated, the blank 2 is ensured to have good metal fluidity, the temperature of the blank 2 is prevented from being rapidly reduced, and the normal forming process is interrupted.

After heating blank 2 to appointed temperature, shift blank 2 to on lower mould 3 to fix blank 2, wherein lower mould 3 is connected with rotary driving mechanism, drive lower mould 3 through rotary driving mechanism and rotate, and then drive blank 2 and rotate, rotary driving mechanism can select driving motor, also can select other mechanisms, and rotary driving mechanism and carry out the lower mould 3 that fixes to blank 2 and be the device commonly used in this field, consequently, this embodiment is not repeated here. Because the blank 2 is heated and has a high temperature, and the blank 2 is ensured to be in a high temperature state as much as possible in the rolling process, in order to avoid the situation that the temperature of the blank 2 is rapidly reduced due to the large temperature difference between the blank 2 and the lower die 3 and the high heat conduction efficiency when the blank 2 is in contact with the lower die 3, in the embodiment, before the blank 2 is transferred onto the lower die 3, the lower die 3 is heated to 280-350 ℃, and an aluminum silicate asbestos layer is filled between the blank 2 and the lower die 3 for heat insulation treatment, so that the heat conduction speed between the blank 2 and the lower die 3 is reduced from two aspects, the blank 2 is ensured to be in a high temperature state in the rolling process, and the forming quality and the forming efficiency are ensured.

Further, the pressing speed of the swing mill 1 is 2-8 mm/s, the rotating speed of the lower die 3 is 30-60 r/min, and the inclination angle of the swing mill 1 is 5-8 degrees.

When the inclination angle of the swing roller 1 is selected, a better labor-saving effect can be achieved as the inclination angle of the swing roller 1 is increased, but when the inclination angle is too large, firstly, the unbalance load borne by equipment is easily caused to be larger, the loss of the equipment is increased, and secondly, the excessively large inclination angle of the swing roller 1 is easy to obtain a molding shape with a serious mushroom effect; the pressing speed of the swing roller 1 is too low, so that the forming time of the blank 2 is prolonged, and in the process, the temperature of the blank 2 is seriously reduced, so that the performance of the formed cake blank is difficult to meet the requirement; when the pressing speed of the swing roller 1 is high, the deformation resistance is high due to the increase of the strain rate, the requirement on the load of equipment is high, the temperature of the central part of the blank 2 can be obviously increased, the overheating and overburning phenomenon is generated, and the cake blank forming is not facilitated; when the rotating speed of the lower die 3 is small, the feeding amount per revolution is increased, the deformation mode that the swing roller 1 is driven to rotate by the blank 2 is difficult to achieve, forming failure is caused, and the requirement on a rotary driving mechanism is high due to high rotating speed, so that the processing parameters need to be reasonably selected.

In the process, when the rolled cake blank is subjected to subsequent treatment, the subsequent treatment mainly comprises the step of carrying out structure homogenization treatment on the cake blank, wherein the structure homogenization treatment mainly adopts solid solution treatment, and the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 940-980 ℃; the rolled cake blank is subjected to tissue homogenization treatment, recrystallization can be carried out at a temperature lower than the static recrystallization temperature, and thus a high-temperature alloy cake blank with better tissue consistency is obtained, wherein the static recrystallization temperature is 1020 ℃ taking GH4169 alloy as an example, but after the cake blank is formed by an axial rolling technology, the tissue recrystallization can be completed by solid solution heat treatment at 980 ℃ to obtain refined equiaxed recrystallized grains.

In the selection of the blank 2, the height-diameter ratio of the blank 2 in the embodiment is 1-1.6, and the deformation is 30-60%; the height-diameter ratio of the blank 2 in the prior art is large, and the blank 2 with the height-diameter ratio larger than 2 is easy to lose stability during deformation. In the embodiment, the high-temperature alloy cake blank is formed by adopting an axial rolling technology, and a large strain can be achieved without a large height-diameter ratio, so that the height-diameter ratio of the blank 2 is not large, and the phenomenon of deformation instability is not easy to generate.

The following description will be made by taking the example of cake forming of the GH4169 alloy as billet 2:

1. spraying a lubricant on the blank 2, heating at the heating rate of/5 ℃/min to 900 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 1020 ℃, preserving heat for 1h and ensuring thorough heat;

2. the lower die 3 heated to 300 ℃ is padded with aluminum silicate asbestos so as to avoid the situation that the contact temperature of the blank 2 and the lower die 3 is reduced too fast;

3. axially rolling the blank 2 with the height-diameter ratio of 1.5, performing swing rolling at an inclination angle of 1 of 5 degrees, performing rolling speed of 5mm/s, rotating the lower die 3 at a speed of 50r/min, performing deformation of 40 percent, and performing air cooling;

4. tissue homogenization treatment: and (3) carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the cake blank at the temperature of 980 ℃, preserving the heat for 4h, and air cooling to obtain a cake blank finished product.

FIGS. 2 to 5 show the golden image structure of GH4169 alloy cake blank under different parameters;

FIG. 2 shows that the forming conditions of the golden image tissue are 1020 ℃ deformation, a swing grinding 1 dip angle is 5 degrees, a pressing speed is 4mm/s, a rotating speed of a lower die 3 is 40r/min, and a deformation amount is 40%;

the forming condition of the golden image tissue in the figure 3 is 1020 ℃ deformation, a swing grinding 1 dip angle is 5 degrees, a pressing speed is 4mm/s, a rotating speed of a lower die 3 is 40r/min, a deformation amount is 40 percent, and homogenization treatment is carried out at 960 ℃;

FIG. 4 shows that the forming conditions of the golden image tissue are 1010 ℃ deformation, a swing grinding 1 dip angle is 6 degrees, a pressing speed is 6mm/s, a lower die 3 rotating speed is 60r/min, and the deformation is 50%;

the forming conditions of the golden image tissue in the figure 5 are 1010 ℃ deformation, swing grinding with 1 inclination angle of 6 degrees, pressing speed of 6mm/s, lower die 3 rotating speed of 60r/min, deformation of 50 percent and 970 ℃ homogenization treatment.

The adaptation according to the actual needs is within the scope of the invention.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.