阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于极端空间环境的蜗轮蜗杆减速器 (Worm gear reducer suitable for extreme space environment ) 是由 贺志斌 刘雅芳 赵志军 王建军 黄家洪 姚勇 于 2021-08-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种适用于极端空间环境的蜗轮蜗杆减速器,包括壳体以及设置在壳体内的输出轴、蜗轮支撑轴承、调整垫圈、蜗轮、定位轴套、蜗杆端盖、蜗杆支撑轴承以及蜗杆,在壳体内固定安装有一对蜗轮支撑轴承,在蜗轮支撑轴承上转动连接有输出轴,在输出轴上通过键固定安装有蜗轮。本发明采用硬齿面钢蜗轮,并且蜗轮和蜗杆的齿面进行磷酸三甲酚脂化学表面处理形成自润滑薄膜,同时在蜗轮和蜗杆齿面之间涂覆有空间空间高低温润滑脂,空间高低温润滑脂和自润滑薄膜构成固液复合润滑系统,保证蜗轮和蜗杆工作过程中得到可靠的润滑,避免空间极端环境下蜗轮蜗杆传动齿面急剧磨损,提高机构的可靠性以及使用寿命。(The invention discloses a worm and gear speed reducer suitable for an extreme space environment, which comprises a shell, and an output shaft, a worm and gear support bearing, an adjusting washer, a worm gear, a positioning shaft sleeve, a worm end cover, a worm support bearing and a worm which are arranged in the shell, wherein a pair of worm and gear support bearings are fixedly arranged in the shell, the worm and gear support bearings are rotatably connected with an output shaft, and the output shaft is fixedly provided with a worm wheel through a key. According to the invention, the steel worm wheel with the hard tooth surface is adopted, the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm are subjected to tricresyl phosphate chemical surface treatment to form the self-lubricating film, meanwhile, space high-low temperature lubricating grease is coated between the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm, and the space high-low temperature lubricating grease and the self-lubricating film form a solid-liquid composite lubricating system, so that reliable lubrication is ensured in the working process of the worm wheel and the worm, rapid wear of the transmission tooth surface of the worm wheel and the worm in a space extreme environment is avoided, the reliability of the mechanism is improved, and the service life of the mechanism is prolonged.)

1. The utility model provides a worm gear reduction gear suitable for extreme space environment, includes casing (2) and sets up output shaft (1), worm wheel support bearing (4), adjusting washer (5), worm wheel (6), location axle sleeve (7), worm end cover (9), worm support bearing (10) and worm (11) in casing (2), its characterized in that: a pair of worm wheel supporting bearings (4) are fixedly arranged in the shell (2), an output shaft (1) is rotatably connected on the worm wheel supporting bearings (4), a worm wheel (6) is fixedly arranged on the output shaft (1) through a key, two ends of the output shaft (1) and positioned on the worm wheel (6) are sleeved with adjusting washers (5), meanwhile, a positioning shaft sleeve (7) is sleeved on the output shaft (1), the positioning shaft sleeve (7) is tightly contacted with the adjusting washer (5), a pair of worm support bearings (10) are also fixedly arranged in the shell (2), a worm (11) meshed with the worm wheel (6) is rotatably connected on the worm support bearing (10), the axial leads of the worm (11) and the worm wheel (6) are mutually vertical, the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel (6) and the worm (11) are both provided with self-lubricating films, meanwhile, space high-temperature and low-temperature grease is coated between the gear surface of the worm wheel (6) and the gear surface of the worm (11).

2. The worm gear reducer adapted for use in extreme space environments of claim 1, wherein: the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel (6) and the worm (11) are subjected to chemical surface treatment by adopting tricresyl phosphate, so that a layer of low-melting-point alloy iron phosphate film is formed on the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel (6) and the worm (11) and serves as a self-lubricating film.

3. The worm gear reducer adapted for use in extreme space environments of claim 1, wherein: the worm (11) is made of one of alloy steel, stainless steel or bearing steel, and the heat treatment hardness reaches more than HRC 50; the worm wheel (6) is made of one of alloy steel, stainless steel or bearing steel, the hardness of the heat treatment surface reaches more than 50HRC, the worm wheel (6) and the worm (11) are made of different types of materials, and the hardness of the worm wheel and the hardness of the worm are kept to be 5-10 HRC.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a worm gear reducer suitable for an extreme space environment, and belongs to the technical field of worm gear reducers.

Background

The worm gear and worm transmission has the advantages of large transmission ratio and reverse self-locking, and is widely applied to the fields of space engineering and deep space exploration. The space environment of the spacecraft is a severe extreme environment with large temperature difference, high vacuum and strong radiation, the worm and gear reducer for ground industrial equipment usually adopts traditional lubrication such as oil bath lubrication, oil spray lubrication, grease lubrication and the like, and the characteristics of high and low stability, vacuum volatility and the like can not meet the requirements of the space environment. Meanwhile, the solid lubricating coating which is widely applied to the space moving part has stronger high and low temperature stability, extremely low vacuum volatility and better anti-extrusion capacity, but has poor anti-shearing capacity, and is only suitable for the transmission type of which the working surface is mainly stressed by extrusion. The tooth surfaces of the worm and gear speed reducer have larger relative sliding, so that the solid lubricating coating is easy to fall off, and the lubricating failure is caused. Therefore, the conventional lubrication cannot meet the lubrication requirement of the worm gear reducer under the space environment condition. In addition, according to the traditional design method of the worm gear reducer, a worm gear is made of copper alloy with a softer matrix, the material is low in strength and small in bearing capacity under the same volume, tooth surfaces are easily and rapidly abraded under the condition of poor lubrication, the system reliability is reduced, and the service life of a transmission mechanism is prolonged. Secondly, the weight of the spacecraft product has harsh requirements, and the conventional material selection of the reducer structural part does not meet the requirement of space engineering light weight.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the worm gear reducer suitable for the extreme space environment, so that the worm gear reducer is suitable for the severe extreme environment with large temperature difference, high vacuum and strong radiation.

The invention is formed as follows: a worm gear reducer suitable for extreme space environment comprises a shell, an output shaft, a worm gear supporting bearing, an adjusting washer, a worm gear, a positioning shaft sleeve, a worm end cover, a worm supporting bearing and a worm, wherein the output shaft, the worm gear supporting bearing, the adjusting washer, the worm gear, the positioning shaft sleeve, the worm end cover, the worm supporting bearing and the worm are arranged in the shell, a pair of worm wheel supporting bearings are fixedly arranged in the shell, an output shaft is rotatably connected on the worm wheel supporting bearings, a worm wheel is fixedly arranged on the output shaft through a key, adjusting washers are sleeved on the output shaft and positioned at two ends of the worm wheel, a positioning shaft sleeve is sleeved on the output shaft and tightly contacted with the adjusting washers in a propping manner, a pair of worm support bearings are fixedly arranged in the shell, a worm meshed with the worm wheel is rotatably connected on the worm support bearings, and the axial leads of the worm and the worm wheel are mutually vertical, the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm are both provided with self-lubricating films, and space high-temperature and low-temperature lubricating grease is coated between the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm.

Furthermore, the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm are chemically surface-treated by adopting tricresyl phosphate, so that a layer of low-melting-point alloy iron phosphate film is formed on the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm to serve as a self-lubricating film.

Further, the worm is made of one of alloy steel, stainless steel or bearing steel, and the heat treatment hardness reaches more than HRC 50; the worm wheel is made of one of alloy steel, stainless steel or bearing steel, the hardness of the heat treatment surface reaches more than 50HRC, the worm wheel and the worm are made of different types of materials, and the hardness of the worm wheel and the worm is kept to be 5-10 HRC.

Furthermore, worm wheel end covers are fixedly mounted at two ends of the output shaft in the shell, a through hole is formed in one of the worm wheel end covers, and the output end of the output shaft extends out of the through hole.

Further, a worm end cover is fixedly arranged in the shell and positioned at the end part of the worm.

Furthermore, the inner end of the output shaft is fixedly connected with an end plate through a fastening screw.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:

1. according to the invention, the adjusting washers are arranged on the two sides of the worm wheel, the relative position of the worm wheel relative to the worm is accurately adjusted by changing the thickness of the adjusting washers, the alignment of the central plane of the worm wheel and the rotation center of the worm is realized, the high-precision assembly of the worm wheel and the worm is ensured, and meanwhile, the accurate control of the installation clearance of the worm wheel supporting bearings on the two sides of the output shaft in the shell is realized.

2. The tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm are subjected to tricresyl phosphate chemical surface treatment (TCP modified treatment for short), a layer of low-melting-point alloy iron phosphate film is formed on the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm, space high-temperature and low-temperature lubricating grease is coated between the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm, and the space high-temperature and low-temperature lubricating grease and the self-lubricating film form a solid-liquid composite lubricating system, so that reliable lubrication is ensured in the working process of the worm wheel and the worm, rapid wear of the transmission tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm in space extreme environments is avoided, and the reliability and the service life of the mechanism are improved.

3. The hard tooth surface steel worm wheel is adopted, so that the strength and the wear resistance of a worm wheel material are improved, the bearing capacity of the speed reducer is further improved, and the size is reduced.

4. Connecting parts such as the output shaft, the positioning shaft sleeve and the fastening screw are made of titanium alloy light materials, and parts such as the shell and the end cover are made of aluminum alloy light materials, so that the purpose of reducing weight is achieved, and the requirement of light weight of space products is met.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is an assembly view of the output shaft and worm gear.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: as shown in figures 1 to 3, a worm gear reducer suitable for extreme space environment comprises a housing 2, an output shaft 1, a worm gear supporting bearing 4, an adjusting washer 5, a worm gear 6, a positioning shaft sleeve 7, a worm end cover 9, a worm supporting bearing 10 and a worm 11 which are arranged in the housing 2, wherein a pair of worm gear supporting bearings 4 are fixedly arranged in the housing 2, the output shaft 1 is rotatably connected with the worm gear supporting bearing 4, the worm gear 6 is fixedly arranged on the output shaft 1 through a key, the adjusting washers 5 are sleeved on the output shaft 1 and positioned at two ends of the worm gear 6, the positioning shaft sleeve 7 is sleeved on the output shaft 1, the positioning shaft sleeve 7 is tightly contacted with the adjusting washer 5, a pair of worm supporting bearings 10 are also fixedly arranged in the housing 2, the worm 11 meshed with the worm gear 6 is rotatably connected with the worm supporting bearing 10, and the axial leads of the worm 11 and the worm gear 6 are mutually perpendicular, the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm are both provided with self-lubricating films, and space high-temperature and low-temperature lubricating grease is coated between the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm. In the present invention, the worm wheel 6 serves as a power output member, and the worm 11 serves as a power input member. The lubrication modes of the worm wheel supporting bearing 4 and the worm supporting bearing 10 are solid lubrication, so that the low-friction damping of the speed reducer is realized.

The worm 11 is made of one of alloy steel, stainless steel or bearing steel, and the heat treatment hardness reaches more than HRC 50; the worm wheel 6 is made of one of alloy steel, stainless steel or bearing steel, the hardness of the heat treatment surface reaches more than 50HRC, the worm wheel 6 and the worm 11 are made of different types of materials, and the hardness difference of the worm wheel and the worm is kept at 10 HRC. The hard tooth surface steel worm wheel is adopted, so that the strength and the wear resistance of the worm wheel 6 material are improved, the bearing capacity of the speed reducer is further improved, and the size is reduced.

Worm wheel end covers 3 are fixedly arranged at two ends of the output shaft 1 in the shell 2, a through hole is formed in one worm wheel end cover 3, the output end of the output shaft 1 extends out of the through hole, and the worm wheel 6 is axially positioned through the worm wheel end covers 3; and a worm end cover 9 is fixedly arranged at the end part of the worm 11 in the shell 2, and the axial positioning of the worm 11 is realized through the worm end cover 9. The inner end of the output shaft 1 is fixedly connected with an end plate 12 through a fastening screw 8, and the end plate 12 prevents components assembled on the output shaft 1 from loosening.

In the invention, the connecting parts of the output shaft 1, the positioning shaft sleeve 7, the fastening screw 8 and the like are made of titanium alloy light materials, and the shell 2, the worm wheel end cover 3 and the worm end cover 9 are made of aluminum alloy light materials, so that the aim of reducing weight is fulfilled, and the requirement of lightening space products is met.

According to the invention, the adjusting washers 5 are arranged on the two sides of the worm wheel 6, the relative position of the worm wheel 6 relative to the worm 11 is accurately adjusted by changing the thickness of the adjusting washers 5, the alignment of the central plane of the worm wheel 6 and the rotation center of the worm 11 is realized, the high-precision assembly of the worm wheel 6 and the worm 11 is ensured, and meanwhile, the accurate control of the installation clearance of the worm wheel supporting bearings 4 on the two sides of the output shaft 1 in the shell 2 is realized.

The tooth surfaces of the worm wheel 6 and the worm 11 are subjected to tricresyl phosphate chemical surface treatment, a layer of low-melting-point alloy iron phosphate film is formed on the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel 6 and the worm 11 and serves as a self-lubricating film, space high-low temperature lubricating grease is coated between the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel 6 and the worm 11, the space high-low temperature lubricating grease and the self-lubricating film form a solid-liquid composite lubricating system, reliable lubrication is guaranteed in the working process of the worm wheel 6 and the worm 11, rapid wear of the transmission tooth surface of the worm wheel and the worm in the space extreme environment is avoided, and the reliability and the service life of the mechanism are improved.