阅读说明：本技术 用于玻璃管的测量方法、处理器及测量装置 (Measuring method, processor and measuring device for glass tube ) 是由 周波 胡恒广 闫冬成 王丽红 李瑞佼 于 2021-08-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于玻璃管的测量方法、处理器及测量装置,用于玻璃管的测量方法包括：控制至少三个第一入射光分别自玻璃管的同一径向横截面以相同角度射入玻璃管,以使至少三个第一入射光分别在玻璃管的外壁上形成至少三个第一光斑以及分别在玻璃管的内壁上形成至少三个第二光斑；获取玻璃管的图像；根据图像确定至少三个第一光斑的位置以及至少三个第二光斑的位置；根据至少三个第一光斑的位置确定玻璃管的外径,以及根据至少三个第二光斑的位置确定玻璃管的内径。通过上述技术方案,可以可以实现对加工过程中的玻璃管的外径和内径进行在线测量,以达到提高玻璃管的加工精度的目的,满足某些玻璃管产品的使用需求。(The invention discloses a measuring method, a processor and a measuring device for a glass tube, wherein the measuring method for the glass tube comprises the following steps: controlling at least three first incident lights to respectively enter the glass tube from the same radial cross section of the glass tube at the same angle, so that the at least three first incident lights respectively form at least three first light spots on the outer wall of the glass tube and at least three second light spots on the inner wall of the glass tube; acquiring an image of the glass tube; determining the positions of at least three first light spots and the positions of at least three second light spots according to the images; determining the outer diameter of the glass tube according to the positions of the at least three first light spots, and determining the inner diameter of the glass tube according to the positions of the at least three second light spots. Through the technical scheme, the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the glass tube in the machining process can be measured on line, so that the purpose of improving the machining precision of the glass tube is achieved, and the use requirements of certain glass tube products are met.)

1. A measuring method for a glass tube, characterized in that the measuring method comprises:

controlling at least three first incident lights to enter the glass tube from the same radial cross section of the glass tube at the same angle respectively, so that the at least three first incident lights form at least three first light spots on the outer wall of the glass tube and at least three second light spots on the inner wall of the glass tube respectively;

acquiring an image of the glass tube;

determining the positions of at least three first light spots and the positions of at least three second light spots according to the image;

and determining the outer diameter of the glass tube according to the positions of at least three first light spots, and determining the inner diameter of the glass tube according to the positions of at least three second light spots.

2. The measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement method further comprises:

and determining the wall thickness of the glass tube according to the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the glass tube.

3. The measuring method according to claim 2, further comprising, after calculating the wall thickness of the glass tube from the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the glass tube:

acquiring a preset outer diameter value, a preset inner diameter value and a preset wall thickness value of the glass tube;

respectively comparing the preset outer diameter value, the preset inner diameter value and the preset wall thickness value with the outer diameter, the inner diameter and the wall thickness of the glass tube in a one-to-one correspondence manner to obtain comparison results;

and adjusting the processing parameters of the glass tube according to the comparison result.

4. A measuring method according to claim 3, characterized in that the process parameters comprise process temperature and/or drawing speed.

5. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the outer diameter of the glass tube from the positions of the at least three first light spots comprises:

determining a first circle center of a circle where the at least three first light spots are located according to the positions of the at least three first light spots;

determining the diameters of circles where at least three first light spots are located according to the first circle center and the position of any one first light spot;

and determining the outer diameter of the glass tube according to the diameters of the circle where the at least three first light spots are located.

6. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the inner diameter of the glass tube from the positions of the at least three second light spots comprises:

determining a second circle center of a circle where the at least three second light spots are located according to the positions of the at least three second light spots;

determining the diameters of circles where at least three second light spots are located according to the second circle center and the position of any one second light spot;

and determining the inner diameter of the glass tube according to the diameters of the circle where the at least three second light spots are located.

7. A processor characterized by being configured to perform the measuring method for a glass tube according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A measuring device, characterized in that the measuring device comprises:

the frame is used for processing the glass tube on line;

the at least three light-emitting pieces are arranged on the rack at intervals and are used for respectively emitting first incident light to the same radial cross section of the glass tube at the same angle;

the at least one camera is arranged on the rack and is used for shooting images of the glass tube;

and a processor according to claim 7.

9. A measuring device according to claim 8, wherein at least three of said emitters are equally spaced on said frame.

10. A measuring device according to claim 9, wherein the maximum distance between at least three of said luminous elements is adapted to be smaller than the outer diameter of said glass tube.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of glass tube processing, in particular to a measuring method, a processor and a measuring device for a glass tube.

Background

In the production process of the glass tube, the glass tube needs to be straightened, and the size of the glass tube is very high for some glass tube products, such as medical glass bottles, measuring cylinders and the like. However, in the process of straightening the glass tube, the glass tube often has movement deviation in the horizontal and vertical directions, which affects the processing precision of the glass tube and cannot meet the use requirements of certain glass tube products.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to at least partially solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a measuring method, a processor and a measuring device for a glass tube, which can measure the size of the glass tube in the processing process on line, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the processing precision of the glass tube and meet the use requirements of certain glass tube products.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a measuring method for a glass tube, wherein the measuring method for a glass tube comprises:

controlling at least three first incident lights to respectively enter the glass tube from the same radial cross section of the glass tube at the same angle, so that the at least three first incident lights respectively form at least three first light spots on the outer wall of the glass tube and at least three second light spots on the inner wall of the glass tube;

acquiring an image of the glass tube;

determining the positions of at least three first light spots and the positions of at least three second light spots according to the images;

determining the outer diameter of the glass tube according to the positions of the at least three first light spots, and determining the inner diameter of the glass tube according to the positions of the at least three second light spots.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the measuring method for a glass tube further includes: the wall thickness of the glass tube is determined according to the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the glass tube.

In the embodiment of the present invention, after calculating the wall thickness of the glass tube according to the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the glass tube, the method further includes:

acquiring a preset outer diameter value, a preset inner diameter value and a preset wall thickness value of the glass tube;

respectively comparing the preset outer diameter value, the preset inner diameter value and the preset wall thickness value with the outer diameter, the inner diameter and the wall thickness of the glass tube in a one-to-one correspondence manner to obtain comparison results;

and adjusting the processing parameters of the glass tube according to the comparison result.

In an embodiment of the invention, the process parameters comprise process temperature and/or draw speed.

In an embodiment of the present invention, determining the outer diameter of the glass tube according to the positions of the at least three first light spots comprises:

determining a first circle center of a circle where the at least three first light spots are located according to the positions of the at least three first light spots;

determining the diameters of circles where at least three first light spots are located according to the first circle center and the position of any one first light spot;

and determining the outer diameter of the glass tube according to the diameters of the circle where the at least three first light spots are located.

In an embodiment of the present invention, determining the inner diameter of the glass tube according to the positions of the at least three second light spots comprises:

determining a second circle center of a circle where the at least three second light spots are located according to the positions of the at least three second light spots;

determining the diameters of circles where at least three second light spots are located according to the second circle center and the position of any one second light spot;

and determining the inner diameter of the glass tube according to the diameters of the circle where the at least three second light spots are located.

Further, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute the measuring method for a glass tube according to the above.

In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a measuring apparatus, wherein the measuring apparatus includes:

the frame is used for processing the glass tube on line;

the at least three light-emitting pieces are arranged on the rack at intervals and are used for respectively emitting first incident light to the same radial cross section of the glass tube at the same angle;

the at least one camera is arranged on the rack and is used for shooting images of the glass tube;

and a processor according to the above.

In the embodiment of the invention, at least three luminous elements are arranged on the frame at equal intervals.

In an embodiment of the invention, the maximum distance between the at least three luminous elements is adapted to be smaller than the outer diameter of the glass tube.

According to the technical scheme, the at least three first incident lights are controlled to respectively enter the glass tube from the same radial cross section of the glass tube at the same angle, so that at least three first light spots are respectively formed on the outer wall of the glass tube by the at least three first incident lights and at least three second light spots are respectively formed on the inner wall of the glass tube by the at least three first incident lights, the positions of the at least three first light spots and the positions of the at least three second light spots are determined by acquiring the image of the glass tube, and the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the glass tube can be respectively determined according to the positions of the at least three first light spots and the positions of the at least three second light spots in the image, so that the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the glass tube in the processing process can be measured on line, the purpose of improving the processing precision of the glass tube is achieved, and the use requirements of certain glass tube products are met.

Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments of the invention without limiting the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 schematically shows a flow chart of a measurement method for a glass tube according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the distribution of three optical path planes of a glass tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 schematically shows an optical path diagram of first incident light on a glass tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals

1 outer wall of glass tube 11

12 inner wall

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.

In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not be within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the production process of the glass tube, the glass tube needs to be straightened, and the size of the glass tube is very high for some glass tube products, such as medical glass bottles, measuring cylinders and the like. However, in the process of straightening the glass tube, the glass tube often has movement deviation in the horizontal and vertical directions, which affects the processing precision of the glass tube and cannot meet the use requirements of certain glass tube products.

Based on the above, the invention provides a measuring method, a processor and a measuring device for a glass tube, wherein at least three first light spots are respectively formed on the outer wall of the glass tube by controlling at least three first incident lights, at least three second light spots are respectively formed on the inner wall of the glass tube, the outer diameter of the glass tube can be determined according to the positions of the at least three first light spots, and the inner diameter of the glass tube can be determined according to the positions of the at least three second light spots, so that the size of the glass tube in the processing process can be measured on line, the purpose of improving the processing precision of the glass tube is achieved, and the use requirements of certain glass tube products are met.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a flow chart of a measurement method for a glass tube according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a measuring method for a glass tube, the measuring method for a glass tube including the steps of:

step 101, controlling at least three first incident lights to enter the glass tube 1 from the same radial cross section of the glass tube 1 at the same angle, so that the at least three first incident lights form at least three first light spots on the outer wall 11 of the glass tube 1 and at least three second light spots on the inner wall 12 of the glass tube 1.

Fig. 2 schematically shows distribution diagrams of three optical path planes of a glass tube according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 schematically shows an optical path diagram of a first incident light on the glass tube according to an embodiment of the present invention. The glass tube 1 is obliquely irradiated by three light emitting members, three first incident lights emitted by the three light emitting members respectively enter the glass tube 1 from the same radial cross section of the glass tube 1 at the same angle, and the light path planes formed by the three first incident lights in the glass tube 1 can be respectively S1, S2 and S3 in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is an optical path diagram taking an optical path plane of any one of S1, S2 and S3 as an example, L1 is first incident light, L2 is first reflected light of L1 on the outer wall 11 of the glass tube 1, L1 is diffusely reflected on the outer wall 11 of the glass tube 1 due to unevenness of the outer wall 11 of the glass tube 1, so that a first light spot can be formed on the outer wall 11 of the glass tube 1, L3 is first reflected light of L1 entering the glass tube 1 from air, L4 is second reflected light of L3 entering air from the glass tube 1, and the optical path direction of L4 is parallel to the optical path direction of L1, L5 is second reflected light of L4 on the inner wall 12 on the lower side of the glass tube 1, and since the inner wall 12 of the glass tube 1 is also uneven, L4 is diffusely reflected on the inner wall 12 on the lower side of the glass tube 1, so that a second light spot entering the glass tube 12 on the lower side of the inner wall 12 of the glass tube 1 can be formed, and L6 is third reflected light of the glass tube 1, l7 is the fourth refracted light of L6 entering the air from the glass tube 1. That is, the three incident lights may form three first light spots on the outer wall 11 of the glass tube 1, respectively, and three second light spots on the inner wall 12 of the glass tube 1, respectively. Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the number of the light emitting members may be at least three, so as to ensure that at least three first light spots are formed on the outer wall 11 of the glass tube 1 and at least three second light spots are formed on the inner wall 12 of the glass tube 1.

Step 102, an image of the glass tube 1 is acquired.

Specifically, at least one camera may be provided to be able to acquire an image of the glass tube 1.

And 103, determining the positions of at least three first light spots and the positions of at least three second light spots according to the image.

Further, by performing image recognition on the image of the glass tube 1, the positions of at least three first light spots and the positions of at least three second light spots are respectively obtained.

And 104, determining the outer diameter of the glass tube 1 according to the positions of the at least three first light spots, and determining the inner diameter of the glass tube 1 according to the positions of the at least three second light spots.

Furthermore, according to the principle of three-point circle, a circle, i.e. the circle where the outer diameter of the glass tube 1 is located, can be determined according to the positions of the at least three first light spots, and thus the outer diameter of the glass tube 1 can be determined, and a circle, i.e. the circle where the inner diameter of the glass tube 1 is located, can be determined according to the positions of the at least three second light spots, and thus the inner diameter of the glass tube 1 can be determined. It should be noted that the position of the first light spot may be the position of the center of the first light spot, and the position of the second light spot may be the position of the center of the second light spot.

In the embodiment of the invention, by controlling at least three first incident lights to respectively enter the glass tube 1 from the same radial cross section of the glass tube 1 at the same angle, so that at least three first incident lights respectively form at least three first light spots on the outer wall 11 of the glass tube 1 and at least three second light spots respectively formed on the inner wall 12 of the glass tube 1, and then the positions of the at least three first light spots and the positions of the at least three second light spots are determined by acquiring the image of the glass tube 1, and the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the glass tube 1 can be respectively determined according to the positions of the at least three first light spots and the positions of the at least three second light spots in the image, therefore, the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the glass tube 1 in the machining process can be measured on line, the purpose of improving the machining precision of the glass tube 1 is achieved, and the use requirements of certain glass tube products are met.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the measuring method for a glass tube further includes:

step 105, determining the wall thickness of the glass tube 1 according to the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the glass tube 1.

Specifically, the thickness of the glass tube 1 can be obtained by subtracting the inner diameter of the glass tube 1 from the outer diameter of the glass tube 1.

In the embodiment of the present invention, after calculating the wall thickness of the glass tube 1 according to the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the glass tube 1, the method further includes:

and 106, acquiring a preset outer diameter value, a preset inner diameter value and a preset wall thickness value of the glass tube 1.

And 107, comparing the preset outer diameter value, the preset inner diameter value and the preset wall thickness value with the outer diameter, the inner diameter and the wall thickness of the glass tube 1 in a one-to-one correspondence mode to obtain comparison results.

Specifically, the comparison result may be obtained by calculating a difference between the outer diameter of the glass tube 1 and a preset outer diameter value, a difference between the inner diameter of the glass tube 1 and a preset inner diameter value, and a difference between the wall thickness of the glass tube 1 and a preset wall thickness value.

And step 108, adjusting the processing parameters of the glass tube 1 according to the comparison result.

That is, in the embodiment of the present invention, the actually measured outer diameter, inner diameter and wall thickness of the glass tube 1 may be compared with the preset outer diameter value, the preset inner diameter value and the preset wall thickness value, respectively, and the processing parameters of the glass tube 1 may be adjusted according to the comparison result, so as to correct the movement deviation of the glass tube 1 in the horizontal and vertical directions.

In embodiments of the present invention, the process parameters may include process temperature and/or draw speed. Of course, the present invention is not so limited and may include other adjustable processing parameters.

In the embodiment of the present invention, determining the outer diameter of the glass tube 1 based on the positions of the at least three first light spots includes:

step 201, determining a first center of a circle where the at least three first light spots are located according to the positions of the at least three first light spots.

And 202, determining the diameters of circles where at least three first light spots are located according to the first circle center and the position of any one first light spot.

And step 203, determining the outer diameter of the glass tube 1 according to the diameters of the circles where the at least three first light spots are located.

Specifically, a circle and the center of the circle can be determined according to the positions of the at least three first light spots, the radius of the circle can be determined according to the center of the circle and the position of any one first light spot, the diameter can be calculated according to the radius of the circle, and the positions of the at least three first light spots are the same radial cross section belonging to the glass tube 1 and are located on the outer wall 11 of the glass tube 1, namely, the diameters of the circle determined by the at least three first light spots are the outer diameter of the glass tube 1.

In the embodiment of the present invention, determining the inner diameter of the glass tube 1 based on the positions of the at least three second light spots includes:

step 301, determining a second circle center of a circle where the at least three second light spots are located according to the positions of the at least three second light spots;

step 302, determining the diameters of circles where at least three second light spots are located according to the second circle center and the position of any one second light spot;

step 303, determining the inner diameter of the glass tube 1 according to the diameters of the circle where the at least three second light spots are located.

Specifically, a circle and the center of the circle can be determined according to the positions of the at least three second light spots, the radius of the circle can be determined according to the center of the circle and the position of any one second light spot, the diameter can be calculated according to the radius of the circle, and the positions of the at least three second light spots are the same radial cross section belonging to the glass tube 1 and are located on the inner wall 12 of the glass tube 1, namely, the diameters of the circle determined by the at least three second light spots are the inner diameter of the glass tube 1.

Furthermore, the invention also provides a processor, wherein the processor is configured to perform the measurement method for a glass tube according to the above. Since the processor adopts all technical solutions of the above embodiments, at least all beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments are achieved, and are not described in detail herein.

In addition, the present invention also provides a measuring apparatus, wherein the measuring apparatus includes:

the frame is used for processing the glass tube 1 on line;

the at least three light-emitting pieces are arranged on the rack at intervals and are used for respectively emitting first incident light to the same radial cross section of the glass tube 1 at the same angle;

the at least one camera is arranged on the rack and is used for shooting images of the glass tube 1;

and a processor according to the above.

Since the measuring device adopts all the technical solutions of the above embodiments, at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments are achieved, and are not described in detail herein.

Specifically, the glass tube 1 may be straightened on a machine frame, the at least three light-emitting members may be disposed on the machine frame and located on an upper side of the glass tube 1, the at least three light-emitting members respectively emit first incident light to a same radial cross section of the glass tube 1 at a same angle, so that the at least three first incident light respectively forms at least three first light spots on an outer wall 11 of the glass tube 1 and at least three second light spots on an inner wall 12 of the glass tube 1, and the camera is located on the upper side of the glass tube 1 to be able to photograph an image of the glass tube 1. In addition, the light emitting element can be a laser.

In the embodiment of the invention, at least three luminous elements are arranged on the frame at equal intervals. So that at least three first incident lights corresponding to the first incident lights are emitted into the glass tube 1 at equal intervals.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the maximum distance between the at least three light emitting members is configured to be smaller than the outer diameter of the glass tube 1, so that at least three light emitting members can emit the first incident light into the glass tube 1 in parallel and equidistantly, i.e. when the first incident light emitted by at least three light emitting members can be emitted into the glass tube 1 from the upper half side of the glass tube 1 in parallel and equidistantly, the image of the glass tube 1 acquired by one camera positioned at the upper side of the glass tube 1 can also include at least three first light spots and at least three second light spots. Generally, there are only three light emitting elements, but for the glass tubes 1 with different tube diameters, there may be a case where the first incident light cannot enter the glass tube 1. In addition, the incident angle of the first incident light of at least three light emitting members is equal to and larger than the refraction angle of the first refracted light entering the glass tube 1 from the air.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the cameras may be two, one of the cameras may be used for acquiring images including at least three first light spot portions on the outer wall 11 of the glass tube 1, and the other camera may be used for acquiring images including at least three second light spot portions on the inner wall 12 of the glass tube 1.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer readable media does not include transitory computer readable media (transmyedia) such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The above are merely examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.