阅读说明：本技术 一种基于稀疏孔径的可见或红外高分辨光学系统 (Visible or infrared high-resolution optical system based on sparse aperture ) 是由 谢远 王臣臣 田晓 张蕾 于 2021-08-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明设计一种稀疏口径拼接主镜系统。其特别之处在于：沿着光线传播方向依次经过由6个子镜,按照glory方式排列的拼接主镜、第二反射镜、第三反射镜、折轴镜；整个系统采用偏视场,通过折轴镜对系统的长度进行折叠；孔径光阑放置在拼接主镜上；6个子镜的相对位置可以移动,用来分析子镜位置误差对系统成像质量影响。本发明提供了一种能够用于地面及空间实现高分辨探测的高分辨光学系统,主镜由6个子镜拼接而成,实现可见光波段到近红外波段的成像。(The invention designs a sparse caliber splicing primary mirror system. It is characterized in that: the optical fiber laser device sequentially passes through a splicing main mirror, a second reflecting mirror, a third reflecting mirror and a folding axis mirror which are arranged in a glory mode through 6 sub-mirrors along the light propagation direction; the whole system adopts a deviated view field, and the length of the system is folded through a folding axial lens; the aperture diaphragm is arranged on the splicing main mirror; the relative positions of the 6 sub-mirrors can be moved, and the influence of the position errors of the sub-mirrors on the imaging quality of the system is analyzed. The invention provides a high-resolution optical system capable of realizing high-resolution detection on the ground and in space, wherein a main mirror is formed by splicing 6 sub-mirrors, and imaging from a visible light wave band to a near infrared wave band is realized.)

1. A visible or infrared high-resolution optical system based on sparse aperture is characterized in that: the optical system consists of a diaphragm, a first reflector, a second reflector, a third reflector and a folding axis mirror;

the optical system sequentially passes through the first reflector, the second reflector, the third reflector and the folding axis mirror along an optical propagation direction;

the diaphragm is positioned on the first reflector, and the diaphragm adopts a bias field of view;

the folding axis mirror shortens the size of the entire optical system.

2. The sparse aperture based visible or infrared high resolution optical system of claim 1, wherein:

the first reflector is formed by splicing 6 sub-mirrors; the arrangement mode of the sub-mirrors is glory arrangement.

3. A sparse aperture based visible or infrared high resolution optical system as claimed in claim 1 wherein:

the optical characteristics of the first reflector are as follows: -0.11 f' < f₁′＜-0.2f′，-0.11f′＜R₁＜-0.2f′；

The optical characteristics of the second mirror are: -0.001 f' < f₂′＜-0.005f′，-0.001f′＜R₂＜-0.005f′；

The optical characteristics of the third reflector are as follows: -0.015 f' < f₃′＜-0.025f′，-0.015f′＜R₃＜-0.025f′；

The optical characteristics of the folding axis mirror are as follows: f. of₄′＝∞，R₃＝∞；

Where f' is the system focal length, f₁′、f₂′、f₃′、f₄' in turn, the focal length of the system mirror; r₁、R₂、R₃、R₄The four curvature radiuses are corresponding to the system reflector in sequence.

4. A sparse aperture based visible or infrared high resolution optical system as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the first reflector is formed by splicing 6 sub-reflectors, the filling factor of the obtained first reflector is 0.3-0.5, and the size of the first reflector is 19-22 m.

5. A sparse aperture based visible or infrared high resolution optical system as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the first main mirror is formed by arranging 6 small-size sub-mirrors according to a glory arrangement mode, and can be combined with spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, field curvature, distortion, magnification chromatic aberration and axial chromatic aberration for optimizing and correcting system errors to perform point spread function analysis and analyze system imaging quality.

6. The sparse aperture based visible or infrared high resolution optical system of claim 2, wherein: the first main mirror is formed by arranging 6 small-size sub-mirrors according to a glory arrangement mode, spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, field curvature, distortion, magnification chromatic aberration and axial chromatic aberration of system error optimization correction can be combined, transfer function curve analysis can be carried out, and system imaging quality can be analyzed.

7. The sparse aperture based visible or infrared high resolution optical system of claim 2, wherein: the first main mirror is formed by arranging 6 small-size sub-mirrors according to a glory arrangement mode, and a wavefront map of system imaging can be analyzed by combining spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, field curvature, distortion, magnification chromatic aberration and axial chromatic aberration of system error optimization correction, so that the imaging quality of the system is analyzed.

8. A sparse aperture based visible or infrared high resolution optical system according to claims 1-3 wherein: the focal length of the optical system is 240-260 m, the size of a view field is 0.01 degrees multiplied by 0.02-0.01 degrees multiplied by 0.03 degrees, the size of an image far dimension of the detector is 8-12 mu m, and the aperture of the system is 15-25 m.

9. A sparse aperture based visible or infrared high resolution optical system according to claims 1-3 wherein: the imaging spectral band of the optical system covers 0.6-1.5 mu m and covers the visible light to near infrared wave band.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of optical imaging, in particular to a high-resolution large-caliber sparse-caliber visible or infrared optical system. The method is mainly used for high-resolution observation of remote astrology, detection of extrasystem life bodies, red line drifting after large explosion and other phenomena, and can also be used for high-resolution observation of the ground, including the fields of general survey of the state and the natural disaster monitoring and the like.

Technical Field

In order to improve the resolution of an optical system, the clear aperture of the system needs to be increased, and in an antenna-based system, there are a heberg telescope with a 2.4m aperture and a james weber telescope with a 6.5m aperture which have been put into practical use, and in a ground-based system, there are MMTs which are being developed, and the aperture size is 30 m. The processing of the single-caliber reflector is generally not more than 8m under the limitation of various processing conditions, raw material preparation and adjustment detection. With the deep human exploration, the demand of the large-aperture optical system is more and more urgent, and therefore, the research of the large-aperture optical system will be an important direction in the future.

For the design of the ultra-large caliber, the design concept of the traditional optical telescope with a single caliber as a main body is difficult to support the requirement of increasing the caliber of the space telescope due to the limitation of factors such as mirror surface materials, processing technology, spacecraft carrying capacity, launching volume and the like. Therefore, the form of the large-caliber reflecting main mirror obtained by splicing the small-sized sub mirrors becomes the first choice, particularly a sparse-caliber system is the main form for realizing a large-caliber and even ultra-large-caliber optical system, and the maximum caliber can reach dozens of meters.

Mmt (multiple Mirror telescope) was the earliest sparse aperture imaging system built in arizona in 1978. It is composed of six sub-telescopes with the diameter of 1.8m, and the equivalent aperture is equivalent to the telescope with the diameter of 4.45 m. The system is internally provided with a computer-controlled adjusting system and a laser stabilizing system of an image, and the visual field is 3 seconds. But only a small portion of the field of view of the system can be phased and manual adjustment by an experienced operator is required. The Multi Aperture Imaging Array system is formed by arranging 9 sub-telescopes with The caliber of 10cm into a Y shape. Each sub-telescope has 10 times magnification, the equivalent aperture of the system is 0.65m, and the field of view is 15 microradians. The system is characterized in that a Phase Diversity wavefront sensing method is adopted to perform closed-loop phasing control by utilizing an extended target under the condition of white light illumination, and the Star9 system also comprises 9 sub-telescopes. The aperture of each sub telescope is 12.5cm, the equivalent aperture of the system is 0.61m, and the field angle is 1 mu rad. Another ground-based optical sparse aperture imaging system for astronomical observations is lbt (the Large bipolar telescope). It is built by the university of Arizona and some international research institutes in cooperation. The LBT consists of two 8.4m primary mirrors, which are fixed on a common base. The longest baseline of the system reaches 22.8 m. When the working wavelength is 550nm, the angular resolution of the system reaches 6.1 mas. The aperture of the sparse aperture optical system is developing more and more, and the problem that the aperture of the optical system is difficult to increase is gradually solved. The aperture of the designed sparse aperture system reaches about 20m, which is an important size for realizing high-resolution imaging of the sparse aperture system in the future, and at the present stage, the related theory and technology of the large aperture are not broken through.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems existing in the background, increase the aperture of an optical system so as to improve the resolution of the system, enable the system to perform high-resolution imaging and obtain more detailed information of a measured object, the invention provides a visible or infrared high-resolution optical system based on sparse aperture.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows:

a visible or infrared high-resolution optical system based on sparse aperture is characterized in that: the optical system consists of a diaphragm, a first reflector, a second reflector, a third reflector and a folding axis mirror;

the optical system sequentially passes through the first reflector, the second reflector, the third reflector and the folding axis mirror along an optical propagation direction;

the diaphragm is positioned on the first reflector, and the diaphragm adopts a bias field of view;

the folding axis mirror shortens the size of the entire optical system.

The method is characterized in that: the first reflector is formed by splicing 6 sub-mirrors; the arrangement mode of the sub-mirrors is glory arrangement.

The method is characterized in that: the optical characteristics of the first reflector are as follows: -0.11 f' < f₁′＜-0.2f′，-0.11f′＜R₁＜-0.2f′；

The optical characteristics of the second mirror are: -0.001 f' < f₂′＜-0.005f′，-0.001f′＜R₂＜-0.005f′；

The third reflectionThe optical properties of the mirror are: -0.015 f' < f₃′＜-0.025f′，-0.015f′＜R₃＜-0.025f′；

The optical characteristics of the folding axis mirror are as follows: f. of₄′＝∞，R₃＝∞；

Where f' is the system focal length, f₁′、f₂′、f₃′、f₄' in turn, the focal length of the system mirror; r₁、R₂、R₃、R₄The four curvature radiuses are corresponding to the system reflector in sequence.

The method is characterized in that: the first reflector is formed by splicing 6 sub-reflectors, the filling factor of the obtained first reflector is 0.3-0.5, and the size of the first reflector is 19-22 m.

The method is characterized in that: the first main mirror is formed by arranging 6 small-size sub-mirrors according to a glory arrangement mode, and can be combined with spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, field curvature, distortion, magnification chromatic aberration and axial chromatic aberration for optimizing and correcting system errors to perform point spread function analysis and analyze system imaging quality.

The method is characterized in that: the first main mirror is formed by arranging 6 small-size sub-mirrors according to a glory arrangement mode, spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, field curvature, distortion, magnification chromatic aberration and axial chromatic aberration of system error optimization correction can be combined, transfer function curve analysis can be carried out, and system imaging quality can be analyzed.

The method is characterized in that: the first main mirror is formed by arranging 6 small-size sub-mirrors according to a glory arrangement mode, and a wavefront map of system imaging can be analyzed by combining spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, field curvature, distortion, magnification chromatic aberration and axial chromatic aberration of system error optimization correction, so that the imaging quality of the system is analyzed.

The method is characterized in that: the focal length of the optical system is 240-260 m, the size of a view field is 0.01 degrees multiplied by 0.02-0.01 degrees multiplied by 0.03 degrees, the size of an image far dimension of the detector is 8-12 mu m, and the aperture of the system is 15-25 m.

The method is characterized in that: the imaging spectral band of the optical system covers 0.6-1.5 mu m and covers the visible light to near infrared wave band.

Of course, it is not necessary for any one product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described technical effects simultaneously.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a visible or infrared high-resolution optical system based on sparse aperture according to an embodiment of the present invention

The structure schematic diagram of the optical system;

FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of a primary mirror structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path structure of an optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a dot-column diagram of a sparse aperture optical system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a wavefront diagram of a sparse aperture optical system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a transfer function graph of a sparse aperture optical system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

the reference numbers in the figures are: 1. a primary mirror; 2. a secondary mirror; 3. three mirrors; 4. a folding axis mirror;

Detailed Description

For better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed descriptions of the embodiments of the present invention are provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the examples of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in figure 1, the visible or infrared high-resolution optical system based on the sparse aperture sequentially comprises a primary mirror 1 (a first reflector), a secondary mirror 2 (a second reflector), a tertiary mirror 3 (a third reflector) and a folding axis mirror 4 (a folding axis mirror) along the light propagation direction, wherein a diaphragm is positioned on the primary mirror 1, the diaphragm adopts a deviated view field, and the folding axis mirror 4 shortens the whole size of the optical system.

The first reflector (i.e. the main reflector 1) is formed by splicing 6 sub-mirrors, and the sub-mirrors are arranged in a glory manner.

The optical properties of the first mirror (i.e. the primary mirror 1) are: -0.11 f' < f₁′＜-0.2f′，-0.11f′＜R₁< -0.2 f'; the optical properties of the second mirror (i.e. the secondary mirror 2) are: -0.001 f' < f₂′＜-0.005f′，-0.001f′＜R₂< -0.005 f'; the optical properties of the third mirror (i.e. the third mirror 3) are: -0.015 f' < f₃′＜-0.025f′，-0.015f′＜R₃< -0.025 f'; the optical characteristics of the folding axis mirror are as follows: f. of₄′＝∞，R₃Infinity; where f' is the system focal length, f₁′、f₂′、f₃′、f₄' in turn, the focal length of the system mirror; r₁、R₂、R₃、R₄The four curvature radiuses are corresponding to the system reflector in sequence.

The first reflector is formed by splicing 6 sub-reflectors as shown in FIG. 2, the filling factor of the obtained first reflector is between 0.3 and 0.5, and the size of the first reflector is between 19 and 22 m.

The first main mirror is formed by arranging 6 small-size sub-mirrors according to a glory arrangement mode, and can be combined with spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, field curvature, distortion, magnification chromatic aberration and axial chromatic aberration for optimizing and correcting system errors, so that point spread function analysis can be performed, and the imaging quality of the system can be analyzed.

The first main mirror is formed by arranging 6 small-size sub-mirrors according to a glory arrangement mode, spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, field curvature, distortion, magnification chromatic aberration and axial chromatic aberration of system error optimization correction can be combined, transfer function curve analysis can be carried out, and system imaging quality can be analyzed.

The first main mirror is formed by arranging 6 small-size sub-mirrors according to a glory arrangement mode, and a wavefront map of system imaging can be analyzed by combining spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, field curvature, distortion, magnification chromatic aberration and axial chromatic aberration which are optimally corrected by system errors, so that the imaging quality of the system is analyzed.

The focal length of the optical system is 240-260 m, the size of a view field is 0.01 degrees multiplied by 0.02-0.01 degrees multiplied by 0.03 degrees, the size of a detector image far dimension is 8-12 mu m, and the aperture of the system is 15-25 m. The imaging spectrum of the optical system covers 0.6-1.5 μm and covers the visible light to near infrared band.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of the optical system of the present invention, a main mirror of the system is formed by arranging 6 small-sized sub-mirrors according to a glary arrangement manner, and incident light rays are imaged on an image plane after passing through a first mirror, a second mirror, a third mirror and a bent axis mirror; the positions of the sub-mirrors are independent, position errors including displacement errors, centrifugal errors, inclination errors and the like of the sub-mirrors can be given independently, and analysis on influence on imaging quality of the system is completed by combining various aberrations of the whole system including spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, distortion and the like.

The focal length of the optical system provided by the embodiment is 250m, the size of a field of view is 0.01 degrees multiplied by 0.02 degrees, the size of the far dimension of a detector image is 10 mu m, and the aperture of the system is 20 m. As shown in the figure, in the visible light to near infrared band, MTF (as shown in fig. 5) is close to the diffraction limit in the full field range, but the diffraction curve is relatively flat, and the size of the formed wavefront is smaller than that of the single main mirror, mainly because the filling factor of the spliced main mirror obtained after the sub-mirrors are spliced is smaller than 1, and the effective size is smaller than 20 m.

Aiming at the designed sparse aperture optical system, the positions of the sub-mirrors can be adjusted to analyze the influence of different position errors on the imaging quality of the system, so that the position tolerance of each sub-mirror can be obtained. The lower image is the dot column diagram (fig. 3), the wave front diagram (fig. 4) and the MTF curve (fig. 5) corresponding to the system.

The visible or infrared high-resolution optical system based on the sparse aperture provided by the embodiment of the application is described in detail above. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method of the present application and its core ideas; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

As used in the specification and claims, certain terms are used to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. "substantially" means within an acceptable error range, and a person skilled in the art can solve the technical problem within a certain error range to substantially achieve the technical effect. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the present application, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the application and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the application. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the definitions of the appended claims.

It is also noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a good or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such good or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system that includes the element.

It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one type of association that describes an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.

The foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the present application, but as aforementioned, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the application as described herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, which is to be protected by the claims appended hereto.