阅读说明：本技术 一种用于隧道施工的破障装置及破障方法 (Barrier breaking device and method for tunnel construction ) 是由 刘飞香 廖金军 曹龙飞 徐震 赵威威 乐丹 江峻 于 2021-09-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于隧道施工的破障装置及破障方法,通过传感器检测隧道掘进机是否正常工作；通过视觉系统获取障碍物的图像,当为钢筋混凝土结构时,启动水射流系统加固地基,关闭水射流系统并启动激光系统辐射钢筋混凝土结构至达到隧道掘进机切削要求,再关闭光系统并启动隧道掘进机；当为岩石时,启动激光系统高温弱化岩石,启动水射流系统破碎岩石达到隧道掘进机切削要求后关闭激光系统和水射流系统并启动隧道掘进机。根据障碍物的类型对激光、水射流和隧道掘进机进行选择,从而应对不同障碍物,实现了破障的快速施工。利用水射流系统和激光系统的高聚能和高密度能量等优点,辅助机械刀具联合破障,有效解决单一机械刀具破障能力不足的问题。(The invention discloses an obstacle breaking device and an obstacle breaking method for tunnel construction, wherein a sensor is used for detecting whether a tunnel boring machine works normally; acquiring an image of a barrier through a vision system, starting a water jet system to reinforce a foundation when the foundation is of a reinforced concrete structure, closing the water jet system, starting a laser system to radiate the reinforced concrete structure until the cutting requirement of a tunnel boring machine is met, and then closing an optical system and starting the tunnel boring machine; and when the rock is the rock, starting the laser system to weaken the rock at high temperature, starting the water jet system to break the rock to meet the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine, then closing the laser system and the water jet system and starting the tunnel boring machine. And selecting the laser, the water jet and the tunnel boring machine according to the type of the barrier, so as to deal with different barriers and realize the rapid construction of the barrier breaking. The water jet system and the laser system have the advantages of high energy accumulation, high density energy and the like, and the auxiliary mechanical cutter is combined to break the barrier, so that the problem of insufficient barrier breaking capability of a single mechanical cutter is effectively solved.)

1. A device breaks barrier for tunnel construction, its characterized in that includes:

a tunnel boring machine for face boring;

a water jet system for consolidating the foundation and for cutting obstacles;

a laser system for high temperature weakening of an obstacle;

a sensor for detecting the tunneling parameters of the tunnel boring machine, wherein the tunnel boring machine works if the tunneling parameters are within a preset range;

the visual system is used for detecting a tunnel face to obtain a shot image of the type of an obstacle, if the sensor detects that tunneling parameters exceed a preset range, the visual system is started to obtain the type of the obstacle, when the obstacle is a reinforced concrete structure, the water jet system is started to reinforce a foundation, then the water jet system is closed, the laser system is started to radiate the reinforced concrete structure until the reinforced concrete structure meets the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine, and then the laser system is closed and the tunnel boring machine is started;

if the sensor detects that the tunneling parameter exceeds a preset range, the vision system is started and obtains the type of the obstacle, when the obstacle is rock, the laser system is started to weaken the rock at high temperature, then the water jet system is started to break the rock and close the laser system and the water jet system after the rock is cut by the tunnel boring machine and the tunnel boring machine is started.

2. A barrier breaching apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tunnel boring machine includes: the device comprises a shield body and a cutter head which is arranged on the shield body and used for tunneling, wherein a cutter is arranged on the cutter head; and the tunneling parameter is the torque of the cutter head.

3. A barrier breaching apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said water jet system includes a jet nozzle and a high pressure pumping station for supplying high pressure liquid to said jet nozzle, said jet nozzle being angularly adjustably mounted on said cutter head.

4. The barrier breaching device of claim 3, wherein said laser system includes a laser generator and a laser head coupled to said laser generator for emitting laser light, said laser head being angularly adjustably mounted to said cutter head.

5. A barrier breaking method for tunnel construction is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: detecting tunneling parameters of a tunnel boring machine, judging whether the tunneling parameters are within a preset range, and working the tunnel boring machine when the tunneling parameters are within the preset range;

s2: if the tunneling parameter exceeds the preset range, judging the type of the obstacle, if the obstacle is a reinforced concrete structure, executing the step S21-the step S23, and if the obstacle is a rock, executing the step S31-the step S33;

s21: starting a water jet system to strengthen the foundation around the obstacle breaking part until the foundation meets the requirement, and closing the water jet system;

s22: acquiring image information of a reinforced concrete structure on a tunnel face, adjusting a laser system to aim at the reinforced concrete structure, adjusting the power and the radiation time of a laser generator, starting the laser system until the reinforced concrete structure is melted or fused, and closing the laser system after the reinforced concrete structure is cut to meet the cutting requirement of a tunnel boring machine;

s23: starting a tunnel boring machine to cut the reinforced concrete structure until the barrier is discharged;

s31: acquiring image information of rock on the face, and starting a laser system to carry out high-temperature pretreatment on the face;

s32: starting a water jet system, carrying out low-temperature impact on the rock irradiated by the laser, judging whether the rock mass meets the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine, and if not, returning to the step S31 until the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine is met;

s33: and starting the tunnel boring machine to cut the reinforced concrete structure until the barrier is discharged.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to an obstacle breaking device and an obstacle breaking method for tunnel construction.

Background

At present, underground engineering equipment represented by a full-face tunnel boring machine in China is developed rapidly, the technology is mature day by day, and the requirement of national infrastructure is supported.

However, with the development of high density tunnel and underground rail transit with larger length and diameter, the occupation ratio of underground obstacles such as reinforced concrete pile foundations and (ultra) hard rocks is higher and higher. At present, the compressive strength of general reinforced concrete reaches 40MPa, the diameter of the main reinforcement deformed steel bar is 22mm, the tensile strength reaches 400MPa, and the uniaxial compressive strength of (ultra) hard rock is more than or equal to 200 MPa.

In the existing tunneling mode, the method for the full-face tunnel boring machine to pass through underground obstacles mainly comprises manual obstacle clearing, blasting obstacle clearing and direct cutting obstacle clearing. The existing practice proves that the manual obstacle clearing period is long, and the danger of constructors is high; the blasting method has long obstacle clearing period, complex construction organization and high danger, and is easy to influence the surrounding environment and structures; the direct cutting and obstacle clearing of the full-face tunnel boring machine needs to design a cutter head and a slag discharging device, and the designed cutter head is not completely applicable because the underground obstacles are difficult to be detected in place completely before design.

In conclusion, the conventional single mechanical cutter is faced with the problems of serious cutter abrasion, large maintenance amount, insufficient obstacle breaking capability and the like, so that the construction cost is increased, the construction period is delayed, and the requirement of rapid tunneling construction of the tunnel is difficult to meet.

Therefore, how to provide a barrier breaking device for tunnel construction to adapt to different barriers and improve the barrier breaking capability is a problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the invention provides an obstacle breaking device for tunnel construction, so as to adapt to different obstacles and improve the obstacle breaking capability. In addition, the invention also provides a barrier breaking method for tunnel construction.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a barrier breaching apparatus for tunnel construction, comprising:

a tunnel boring machine for face boring;

a water jet system for consolidating the foundation and for cutting obstacles;

a laser system for high temperature weakening of an obstacle;

a sensor for detecting the tunneling parameters of the tunnel boring machine, wherein the tunnel boring machine works if the tunneling parameters are within a preset range;

the visual system is used for detecting a tunnel face to obtain a shot image of the type of an obstacle, if the sensor detects that tunneling parameters exceed a preset range, the visual system is started to obtain the type of the obstacle, when the obstacle is a reinforced concrete structure, the water jet system is started to reinforce a foundation, then the water jet system is closed, the laser system is started to radiate the reinforced concrete structure until the reinforced concrete structure meets the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine, and then the laser system is closed and the tunnel boring machine is started;

if the sensor detects that the tunneling parameter exceeds a preset range, the vision system is started and obtains the type of the obstacle, when the obstacle is rock, the laser system is started to weaken the rock at high temperature, then the water jet system is started to break the rock and close the laser system and the water jet system after the rock is cut by the tunnel boring machine and the tunnel boring machine is started.

Preferably, in the above barrier breaking device, the tunnel boring machine includes: the device comprises a shield body and a cutter head which is arranged on the shield body and used for tunneling, wherein a cutter is arranged on the cutter head; and the tunneling parameter is the torque of the cutter head.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned barrier breaking device, the water jet system includes the jet nozzle and is used for right the jet nozzle provides the high-pressure pumping station of high-pressure liquid, the installation of jet nozzle angularly adjustable is in on the blade disc.

Preferably, among the foretell device that breaks obstacles, laser system include laser generator and with laser generator links to each other and is used for the laser head of transmission laser, the installation of laser head angularly adjustable is in on the blade disc.

A method of breaking a barrier for tunnel construction, comprising the steps of:

s1: detecting tunneling parameters of a tunnel boring machine, judging whether the tunneling parameters are within a preset range, and working the tunnel boring machine when the tunneling parameters are within the preset range;

s2: if the tunneling parameter exceeds the preset range, judging the type of the obstacle, if the obstacle is a reinforced concrete structure, executing the step S21-the step S23, and if the obstacle is a rock, executing the step S31-the step S33;

s21: starting a water jet system to strengthen the foundation around the obstacle breaking part until the foundation meets the requirement, and closing the water jet system;

s22: acquiring image information of a reinforced concrete structure on a tunnel face, adjusting a laser system to aim at the reinforced concrete structure, adjusting the power and the radiation time of a laser generator, starting the laser system until the reinforced concrete structure is melted or fused, and closing the laser system after the reinforced concrete structure is cut to meet the cutting requirement of a tunnel boring machine;

s23: starting a tunnel boring machine to cut the reinforced concrete structure until the barrier is discharged;

s31: acquiring image information of rock on the face, and starting a laser system to carry out high-temperature pretreatment on the face;

s32: starting a water jet system, carrying out low-temperature impact on the rock irradiated by the laser, judging whether the rock mass meets the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine, and if not, returning to the step S31 until the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine is met;

s33: and starting the tunnel boring machine to cut the reinforced concrete structure until the barrier is discharged.

According to the barrier breaking device and the barrier breaking method, laser, water jet and a tunnel boring machine can be selected according to the type of the barrier, so that different barriers can be dealt with, and rapid construction of the barrier breaking is realized. In addition, the advantages of high energy accumulation, high density energy and the like of the water jet system and the laser system are utilized to assist the mechanical cutter to jointly break the obstacle, and the problem that the obstacle breaking capability of a single mechanical cutter is insufficient is effectively solved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic operation diagram of a barrier breaking device for tunnel construction disclosed in the embodiment of the invention;

fig. 2 is a flowchart of the barrier breaking method for tunnel construction disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention discloses an obstacle breaking device for tunnel construction, which is suitable for different obstacles and improves the obstacle breaking capability. In addition, the invention also provides a barrier breaking method for tunnel construction.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the application also discloses an obstacle breaking device for tunnel construction, which comprises a tunnel boring machine, a water jet system, a laser system, a driver and a vision system. The tunnel boring machine is used for section boring, in particular to a full-section tunnel boring machine which is a main component in the tunnel construction process. The water jet system and the laser system are used for assisting the tunnel boring machine in clearing the obstacles, particularly, the water jet system is used for reinforcing the foundation and cutting the obstacles, and the laser system is used for weakening the obstacles at high temperature so as to cut the obstacles.

In order to control each system, a sensor for detecting tunneling parameters of the tunnel boring machine is arranged, whether the tunnel boring machine normally works or not is detected through the sensor, namely if the tunneling parameters are within a preset range, the tunnel boring machine can normally work, the assistance of a water jet system and a laser system is not needed, and the water jet system and the laser system are not started at the moment; if the tunneling parameter is not within the preset range, the tunneling machine cannot meet the cutting requirement, and therefore the water jet system and the laser system need to be started to assist the tunneling machine.

In particular, the vision system is used to detect the face of the palm to obtain the type of obstacle, preferably, it can be determined by the image obtained. If the obstacle obtained by the vision system is the reinforced concrete structure 4, starting the water jet system to reinforce the foundation, then closing the water jet system, starting the laser system to radiate the reinforced concrete structure 4 until the reinforced concrete structure 4 meets the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine, then closing the laser system and starting the tunnel boring machine, namely weakening the reinforced concrete structure 4 through the cooperation of the water jet system and the laser system. The laser has the advantages of high-density energy, high energy accumulation and the like, and can be used for effectively solving the problems of steel bar winding on the cutter head 6, retention in the soil cabin, screw conveyor blocking and the like caused by direct cutting of the cutter by combining the reinforced concrete pile foundation with the mechanical cutter for breaking the barrier, and has higher adaptability compared with the modification of the cutter head 6, the construction period can be shortened, and the construction cost can be reduced.

If the obstacle obtained by the vision system is a rock, as shown in fig. 1, the rock can be a boulder 1, a full-face hard rock 2, an upper soft lower hard rock body 3 and the like, the laser system is started to weaken the rock at high temperature, then the water jet system is started to break the rock to meet the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine, the laser system and the water jet system are closed, and the tunnel boring machine is started. The laser system carries out high-temperature heating pretreatment on the rock to enable the rock to generate thermal cracks or thermal breakage, and then sprays low-temperature high-pressure water flow to the high-temperature rock subjected to laser treatment, so that a cold-heat effect is formed, crack expansion, extension and communication are promoted, the strength of the rock body is reduced, the rock structure is weakened, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved.

In summary, adopt the device of breaking barrier in this application can select laser, water jet and tunnel boring machine according to the type of barrier to deal with different barriers, realized the quick construction of breaking the barrier. In addition, the advantages of high energy accumulation, high density energy and the like of the water jet system and the laser system are utilized to assist the mechanical cutter to jointly break the obstacle, and the problem that the obstacle breaking capability of a single mechanical cutter is insufficient is effectively solved.

In a particular embodiment, the tunnel boring machine described above comprises a shield and a cutter head 6. Specifically, the cutter head 6 is arranged on the shield body as a cutting tool, the cutter head 6 is provided with a cutter, and the tunneling parameter is preferably set as the torque of the cutter head 6. And judging whether the tunnel boring machine works normally or not by detecting the torque of the cutter head 6.

In a preferred embodiment, the water jet system comprises a jet nozzle 5 and a high-pressure pump station 7 for supplying high-pressure liquid to the jet nozzle 5, wherein the jet nozzle 5 is mounted on a cutter head 6 in an angle-adjustable manner. In practice, the pose of the jet nozzle 5 on the cutter head 6 can be adjusted according to requirements, so that the jet nozzle 5 is aligned to a part to be processed. The water jet system can adjust grouting flow and pressure to adapt to different requirements.

In a further embodiment, the laser system comprises a laser generator 8 and a laser head 9 connected with the laser generator 8 and used for emitting laser, and the laser head 9 is mounted on the cutter head 6 in an angle-adjustable manner. In practice, the pose of the laser head 9 can be adjusted according to requirements, so that the laser head 9 is aligned to a required processing position. Different temperatures can be achieved by adjusting the power and the radiation time of the laser generator 8, so that different requirements can be met. The angle of the cutter head 6 needs to be adjusted simultaneously during the adjustment process, so that the accuracy of the positions of the jet nozzle 5 and the laser head 9 is better ensured.

In addition, as shown in fig. 2, the present application also discloses a method for breaking a barrier for tunnel construction, which includes the following steps:

step S1: and detecting tunneling parameters of the tunnel boring machine, judging whether the tunneling parameters are within a preset range, and working the tunnel boring machine when the tunneling parameters are within the preset range.

And acquiring tunneling parameters of the tunnel boring machine through a cutter head torque sensor arranged on the tunnel boring machine.

Step S2: and if the tunneling parameter exceeds the preset range, judging the type of the obstacle, and if the obstacle is a reinforced concrete structure, executing the steps S21-S23, and if the obstacle is a rock, executing the steps S31-S33.

When the tunneling parameters exceed the preset range, the tunneling machine cannot meet the cutting requirements, namely, a harder obstacle is encountered. The mode adopted is different according to the difference of the obstacles.

Step S21: and starting the water jet system to strengthen the foundation around the obstacle breaking part until the foundation meets the requirement, and closing the water jet system.

And (3) starting a water jet system, adjusting the position and the rotation direction of a jet nozzle on a cutter head by utilizing the face image information acquired by the vision system to enable the jet nozzle to be aligned with the foundation around the obstacle breaking part, adjusting parameters such as grouting flow, pressure and the like to reinforce and reinforce the foundation, preventing the collapse when the reinforced concrete structure is cut, and closing the water jet system after the foundation reinforcement quality meets the requirement. The reinforced concrete structure can be a reinforced concrete pile foundation of a building.

Step S22: and acquiring image information of the reinforced concrete structure of the tunnel face, starting the laser system until the reinforced concrete structure is melted or fused, and closing the laser system after the reinforced concrete cutting meets the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine.

And starting a laser system, adjusting the position and the direction of a laser head on a cutter head and the rotation direction of the cutter head by utilizing the image information of the tunnel face reinforced concrete structure acquired by the vision system to enable the laser head to be aligned with the exposed steel bar, adjusting parameters such as power, radiation time and the like of a laser generator to perform energy accumulation melting or fusing on the steel bar, preventing the large-diameter long steel bar from being worn and wound on the cutter head, and closing the laser system after the steel bar is primarily cut to meet the direct cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine.

Step S23: and starting the tunnel boring machine to cut the reinforced concrete structure until the barrier is discharged.

The tunnel boring machine is started, boring parameters are reasonably adjusted, a mechanical cutter is used for carrying out secondary cutting on the reinforced concrete pile foundation, the reinforcing steel bars are cut off and cut short and are smoothly discharged, the purpose of jointly breaking the reinforced concrete pile foundation obstacles is achieved, and the obstacle breaking capacity of the tunnel boring machine is improved.

Further, when the obstacle is detected as a rock:

step S31: and acquiring image information of the rock of the face, and starting a laser system to carry out high-temperature pretreatment on the face.

And starting a laser system, analyzing the stratum type and the surrounding rock grade by using face image information acquired by the vision system, performing high-temperature pretreatment on the face by using a laser head carried on a cutter head, adjusting parameters such as the position and the posture of the laser head on the cutter head, the power and the radiation time of a laser generator, the rotating speed of the cutter head and the like, weakening the rock structure, developing cracks and generating surface fracture, and detecting the state of the rock in real time by the vision system.

Step S32: and starting a water jet system, carrying out low-temperature impact on the rock irradiated by the laser, judging whether the rock mass meets the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine, and returning to the step S31 if the rock mass does not meet the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine until the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine is met.

And starting a water jet system, using a jet nozzle carried on the cutter head, and regulating parameters such as jet flow, pose of the jet nozzle and the like to perform low-temperature high-speed impact on the high-temperature rock body irradiated by the microwave, so that the growth of rock cracks is promoted, and the mechanical property of the rock is weakened. In addition, the vision system detects the state of the rock in real time, when the rock passing through the water jet system cannot meet the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine, the steps S31 and S32 are repeated until the cutting requirement of the tunnel boring machine is met, and the water jet system and the laser system are closed.

Step S33: and starting the tunnel boring machine to cut the reinforced concrete structure until the barrier is discharged.

And (3) starting the tunnel boring machine, reasonably adjusting the boring parameters, and secondarily crushing the rock by using a mechanical cutter, so that the aim of jointly breaking rock obstacles is fulfilled, and the obstacle breaking capacity of the tunnel boring machine is improved. The types of the rocks can be set according to actual needs and are all within a protection range.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.