阅读说明：本技术 一种硬度检测方法及装置 (Hardness detection method and device ) 是由 唐凯 李承焕 陈利明 李志宏 廖顶松 于 2021-07-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及硬度检测技术领域,公开了一种硬度检测方法及装置,该硬度检测方法包括如下步骤：步骤S1、制备样件；步骤S2、对样件的待检测部分进行平面检测,平面检测包括粗糙度检测和水平度检测中的至少一个；步骤S3、当平面检测合格时,对待检测部分进行压痕检测,以获得样件的硬度。该硬度检测方法在压痕检测之前对样件的待检测部分的平面质量进行检测,能够保证样件的制备质量,避免由于待检测部分的平面质量不同引起的硬度检测误差,硬度检测精度高且检测可靠性好。(The invention relates to the technical field of hardness detection, and discloses a hardness detection method and a hardness detection device, wherein the hardness detection method comprises the following steps: step S1, preparing a sample; s2, carrying out plane detection on the part to be detected of the sample piece, wherein the plane detection comprises at least one of roughness detection and levelness detection; and step S3, when the plane detection is qualified, carrying out indentation detection on the part to be detected so as to obtain the hardness of the sample. The hardness detection method detects the plane quality of the part to be detected of the sample piece before indentation detection, can ensure the preparation quality of the sample piece, avoids hardness detection errors caused by different plane qualities of the part to be detected, and has high hardness detection precision and good detection reliability.)

1. A hardness detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1, preparing a sample;

step S2, carrying out plane detection on the part to be detected of the sample piece, wherein the plane detection comprises at least one of roughness detection and levelness detection;

and step S3, when the plane detection is qualified, carrying out indentation detection on the part to be detected so as to obtain the hardness of the sample piece.

2. The hardness detecting method according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 includes:

step S11, cutting the workpiece to be detected to obtain a pre-sample piece;

and step S12, grinding the pre-sample to be flat, wherein the flat part is the part to be detected.

3. The hardness detecting method according to claim 2, wherein the step S3 further includes:

when the plane detection is not qualified, the process returns to step S12.

4. The hardness testing method according to claim 3, wherein the step S12 includes polishing the pre-sample with a preset polishing parameter, and further includes, before returning to the step S12 in the step S3:

and adjusting the preset grinding parameters according to the plane detection result.

5. The hardness testing method according to claim 2, wherein the step S12 includes grinding the pre-sample with a preset grinding parameter, the preset grinding parameter being determined by at least one of a model, a material and a size of the workpiece to be tested.

6. The hardness detecting method according to claim 5, wherein the preset flattening parameters include at least one of a kind of grinding tool, a grinding head rotation speed, a flattening time, and a flattening pressure.

7. The hardness detecting method according to claim 2, wherein the step S12 includes:

step S121, finely grinding the pre-sample piece;

and S122, polishing the finely ground pre-sample piece.

8. The hardness detecting method according to claim 2, wherein the step S2 includes:

step S21, detecting the roughness of the part to be detected;

and step S22, detecting the levelness of the part to be detected when the roughness of the part to be detected is qualified, detecting the plane to be qualified when the levelness of the part to be detected is qualified, and detecting the plane to be unqualified when one of the roughness and the levelness is unqualified.

9. The hardness testing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the step of performing indentation testing on the portion to be tested includes:

and determining a plurality of test points on the part to be detected, and respectively carrying out indentation detection on the plurality of test points.

10. A hardness testing device using the hardness testing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:

the first detection module (3) is configured to carry out plane detection on the part to be detected of the sample piece;

and the second detection module (4) is configured to perform indentation detection on the part to be detected after the planar detection.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hardness detection, in particular to a hardness detection method and a hardness detection device.

Background

After the crankshaft connecting rod neck is subjected to induction quenching, the surface of the crankshaft connecting rod neck is provided with a quenching layer, and in an engine, the crankshaft connecting rod neck is a part of a friction pair, so that the engine is severely damaged due to severe use working conditions, abnormal abrasion of the friction pair can be caused due to insufficient or ultra-poor hardness, and great harm can be caused to the engine, and therefore the crankshaft connecting rod neck needs to be subjected to spot inspection evaluation on the hardness of the quenching layer before use so as to ensure that the hardness of the crankshaft connecting rod neck meets requirements. The existing hardness detection method mainly detects the hardness of a workpiece by carrying out indentation test on a sample piece. The hardness detection result is directly influenced by the preparation quality of the sample piece, so that the hardness detection precision is not high, the test requirement of the crankshaft connecting rod neck is difficult to meet, and the processing quality of the crankshaft connecting rod neck cannot be ensured.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a hardness testing method which can avoid the influence of the sample preparation quality on the hardness testing accuracy of the sample, and the hardness testing accuracy is high.

Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a hardness detection method comprises the following steps:

step S1, preparing a sample;

step S2, carrying out plane detection on the part to be detected of the sample piece, wherein the plane detection comprises at least one of roughness detection and levelness detection;

and step S3, when the plane detection is qualified, carrying out indentation detection on the part to be detected so as to obtain the hardness of the sample piece.

As a preferable embodiment of the hardness detection method, the step S1 includes:

step S11, cutting the workpiece to be detected to obtain a pre-sample piece;

and step S12, grinding the pre-sample to be flat, wherein the flat part is the part to be detected.

As a preferable embodiment of the hardness detection method, the step S3 further includes:

when the plane detection is not qualified, the process returns to step S12.

As a preferable scheme of the hardness testing method, the step S12 includes grinding the pre-sample with preset grinding parameters, and in the step S3, before returning to the step S12, the method further includes:

and adjusting the preset grinding parameters according to the plane detection result.

As a preferable aspect of the hardness testing method, the step S12 includes grinding the pre-sample with a preset grinding parameter, where the preset grinding parameter is determined by at least one of a model, a material, and a size of the workpiece to be tested.

As a preferable mode of the hardness detection method, the preset smoothing parameter includes at least one of a kind of a grinder, a rotation speed of a grinding head, a smoothing time, and a smoothing pressure.

As a preferable embodiment of the hardness detection method, the step S12 includes:

step S121, finely grinding the pre-sample piece;

and S122, polishing the finely ground pre-sample piece.

As a preferable embodiment of the hardness detection method, the step S2 includes:

step S21, detecting the roughness of the part to be detected;

and step S22, detecting the levelness of the part to be detected when the roughness of the part to be detected is qualified, detecting the plane to be qualified when the levelness of the part to be detected is qualified, and detecting the plane to be unqualified when one of the roughness and the levelness is unqualified.

As a preferable aspect of the hardness testing method, in the step S3, the step of performing indentation testing on the portion to be tested includes:

and determining a plurality of test points on the part to be detected, and respectively carrying out indentation detection on the plurality of test points.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a hardness detection method, wherein before indentation detection is carried out on a part to be detected of a sample, plane detection is carried out on the part to be detected of the sample, so that the preparation quality of the sample can be ensured, the hardness detection precision of the sample is prevented from being influenced by different plane qualities of the part to be detected of the sample, the detection precision is high, and the detection reliability is good.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a hardness detection device with high detection accuracy and high detection reliability.

Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a hardness testing device using the hardness testing method comprises:

the first detection module is configured to perform plane detection on a part to be detected of the sample piece;

and the second detection module is configured to perform indentation detection on the part to be detected after the planar detection.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a hardness detection device, which can carry out plane detection on a part to be detected of a sample piece through a first detection module and carry out indentation detection on the part to be detected after the plane detection through a second detection module, can ensure the preparation quality of the sample piece, avoids the influence of the plane quality of the part to be detected of the sample piece on the hardness detection precision of the sample piece, and has high detection precision and good detection reliability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a first flowchart of a hardness testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a second flowchart of a hardness testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hardness testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

1-a carrier module; 11-a carrier; 12-positioning sloping plates;

2-grinding the flat module; 21-a fine grinding component; 22-a polishing assembly;

3-a first detection module; 31-roughness detection component; 32-a levelness detection component;

4-a second detection module.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems solved, technical solutions adopted and technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1-2, the present embodiment provides a hardness detection method, which includes the following steps:

step S1, preparing a sample;

s2, carrying out plane detection on the part to be detected of the sample piece, wherein the plane detection comprises at least one of roughness detection and levelness detection;

and step S3, when the plane detection is qualified, carrying out indentation detection on the part to be detected so as to obtain the hardness of the sample.

The hardness detection method detects the plane quality of the part to be detected of the sample piece before indentation detection, can ensure the preparation quality of the sample piece, avoids hardness detection errors caused by different surface qualities of the part to be detected of the sample piece, and has high hardness detection precision.

Illustratively, the indentation detection adopts rockwell hardness as an evaluation standard, and of course, the evaluation standard of the indentation detection is not limited thereto, and may be selected according to actual detection needs, and the embodiment does not limit this.

Optionally, step S1 includes:

step S11, sectioning the workpiece to be detected to obtain a pre-sample piece, wherein the pre-sample piece can have a proper size and shape, so that the effects of convenience in detection and clamping are achieved;

and S12, grinding the pre-sample to form a sample, wherein the ground part is a part to be detected, and the influence of factors such as geometric shapes on hardness detection can be reduced, so that the hardness detection precision of the sample is ensured. In addition, the pre-sample is ground flat, and an extrusion layer generated on the surface of the workpiece to be detected due to reasons such as cutting and the like can be removed, so that the extrusion layer is prevented from influencing the hardness detection precision of the workpiece to be detected.

In this embodiment, the workpiece to be detected specifically refers to a crankshaft connecting rod neck, and the specific steps of preparing the sample are as follows: sectioning the crankshaft connecting rod neck along the axial direction of the crankshaft connecting rod neck to obtain a pre-sample piece, wherein the pre-sample piece is a half-crankshaft connecting rod neck, the half-crankshaft connecting rod neck comprises a planar section and a curved surface opposite to the section, the curved surface is flattened to form a sample piece, the flattened part is a part to be detected, and the part to be detected is used for subsequent plane detection and indentation detection. Of course, the type of the workpiece to be detected is not limited to this, the hardness detection method may also be used to detect the hardness of other types and other material parts, the preparation method of the sample is not limited to this, and an appropriate preparation method of the sample may be selected according to the type of the workpiece and the detection requirement, which is not limited in this embodiment.

Preferably, step S12 includes polishing the pre-sample by using a preset polishing parameter, where the preset polishing parameter is determined by at least one of the model, material and size of the workpiece to be detected, and a suitable polishing parameter can be selected according to different workpieces to be detected, so as to ensure the polishing quality and polishing efficiency of the pre-sample, reduce the number of times of re-polishing and the number of times of plane detection, and thus improve the detection accuracy and detection efficiency of the hardness detection method. Of course, the determination method of the preset smoothing parameter is not limited to this, and may be determined according to the actual hardness detection requirement, which is not limited in this embodiment.

Illustratively, the preset smoothing parameters comprise at least one of the grinding tool type, the grinding head rotation speed, the smoothing time and the smoothing pressure, and the smoothing of the sample piece according to the preset smoothing parameters can improve the plane quality of the part to be detected and reduce the frequency of re-smoothing and the frequency of plane detection.

Preferably, step S3 further includes:

and when the plane detection is unqualified, returning to the step S12 to grind the sample again, ensuring the grinding quality of the part to be detected and preventing the grinding quality of the sample from influencing the hardness detection precision of the sample.

Further, before returning to step S12, the method further includes, in step S3:

and adjusting preset grinding parameters according to the plane detection result. After the pre-sample is ground, the condition that the roughness or the levelness of a part to be detected is not in the corresponding required range may exist, the preset grinding parameters are adjusted according to the deviation between the roughness or the levelness and the corresponding required range, the grinding quality and the grinding efficiency in the flat re-grinding process can be improved, and therefore the hardness detection efficiency and the detection precision of the sample are improved.

Preferably, step S12 specifically includes:

step S121, finely grinding the pre-sample to remove surface materials of the pre-sample and grind the corresponding part flat;

and step S122, polishing the finely ground pre-sample.

The surface material of the pre-sample piece is removed by finely grinding the pre-sample piece, and the finely ground pre-sample piece is polished to ensure that the part to be detected is bright and smooth, so that the grinding quality of the part to be detected can be ensured, the unqualified condition of the part to be detected after grinding is reduced when the plane detection is carried out, the number of times of re-grinding is reduced, and the grinding efficiency is improved. Of course, the way of grinding the pre-sample is not limited to this, as long as the requirement of plane detection can be met, and the method can be set according to the actual detection requirement, and this embodiment does not limit this.

Specifically, the preset grinding parameters comprise fine grinding parameters and polishing parameters, the fine grinding parameters can comprise fine grinding tool types, the rotation speed of a fine grinding head, fine grinding time and the pressure of the fine grinding head, the polishing parameters can comprise polishing tool types, the rotation speed of a polishing head, polishing time and the pressure of the polishing head, proper fine grinding parameters and polishing parameters are selected according to different sample pieces, the fine grinding parameters are matched with the polishing parameters, the grinding quality of the pre-sample pieces can be guaranteed, the number of times of re-grinding is reduced, the grinding efficiency of the sample pieces is improved, and therefore the precision and the detection efficiency of hardness detection are guaranteed.

Illustratively, the fine grinding tool comprises fine grinding abrasive paper, the grinding precision of the fine grinding abrasive paper is high, and the fine grinding quality of the part to be detected can be guaranteed.

Illustratively, the polishing abrasive tool comprises polishing flannelette, and the polishing flannelette can ensure the flatness and brightness of the part to be detected, thereby ensuring the polishing quality of the part to be detected.

When the workpiece to be detected is made of softer metal or alloy, the grinding of the pre-sample piece may cause the machining hardening phenomenon of the surface of the part to be detected, the hardness detection precision of the workpiece to be detected is affected by the machining hardening layer, and in order to avoid the above effects, the grinding quality can be ensured by controlling the grinding pressure and adopting a multi-time grinding mode, so that the hardness detection precision of the workpiece to be detected is ensured. Wherein, the grinding pressure comprises the pressure of a fine grinding head and the pressure of a polishing head.

It can be understood that, in the process of grinding the pre-sample, grinding fluid can be used according to grinding requirements to ensure the grinding quality of the part to be detected and avoid the influence of overhigh temperature of the pre-sample on the surface hardness of the pre-sample caused by grinding.

Preferably, step S2 specifically includes:

step S21, detecting the roughness of the part to be detected;

and step S22, detecting the levelness of the part to be detected when the roughness of the part to be detected is qualified, detecting the plane to be qualified when the levelness of the part to be detected is qualified, and detecting the plane to be unqualified when one of the roughness and the levelness is unqualified.

When the roughness of the part to be detected is unqualified, the levelness of the part to be detected is not detected, the step S12 is directly returned, and the sample piece is ground again, so that the time required by plane detection is reduced, and the detection efficiency of the part to be detected is further improved. Of course, in other embodiments, the roughness and the levelness of the part to be detected may be detected separately, so as to adjust the smoothing parameters according to the conditions of the roughness and the levelness, and ensure the smoothing quality of the smoothing. In addition, in other embodiments, the levelness detection may be performed on the portion to be detected first, and then the roughness detection may be performed on the portion to be detected, which may be set according to actual detection needs, and this embodiment does not limit this.

Preferably, in step S3, the step of performing indentation detection on the portion to be detected includes:

and determining a plurality of test points on the part to be detected, and respectively carrying out indentation detection on the plurality of test points.

The hardness of the sample piece is determined by respectively carrying out indentation detection on the plurality of test points, so that the interference of accidental factors in the detection process can be reduced, and the hardness detection precision of the sample piece is improved. The average value of the hardness of the plurality of test points can be used as the hardness of the sample, the average value of the hardness of the plurality of test points can be calculated after the hardness values which are obviously abnormal in the plurality of test points are removed and used as the hardness of the sample, and the average value can be set according to actual detection requirements.

The embodiment also provides a hardness detection apparatus using the hardness detection method, as shown in fig. 3, the hardness detection apparatus includes a first detection module 3 and a second detection module 4, the first detection module 3 is configured to perform plane detection on a part to be detected of a sample, and the second detection module 4 is configured to perform indentation detection on the sample after the plane detection to obtain the hardness of the sample.

The hardness detection device can ensure the plane quality of the sample piece, and avoid hardness detection errors caused by different plane qualities of the sample piece, thereby ensuring the hardness detection precision of the sample piece.

In some cases, a sample is formed from the workpiece to be inspected by sectioning and grinding. Specifically, a workpiece to be detected is cut to form a pre-sample piece with a proper size or convenient to clamp, the pre-sample piece is ground to form the sample piece, and the ground part is a part to be detected. In order to reduce the positioning times, clamping times, transmission time and the like in the detection process, and conveniently grind and flatten the sample again when the plane detection is unqualified, and improve the hardness detection efficiency, the hardness detection device also comprises a grinding module 2, wherein the grinding module 2 is configured to grind and flatten the pre-sample to form the sample, the grinding part is a part to be detected, the plane quality of the part to be detected can be ensured, the step of preparing the sample by the workpiece to be detected is shortened, the flatness of the pre-sample is not required, and the hardness detection device is suitable for hardness detection of the curved surface type workpiece to be detected, in addition, when the plane detection of the sample is unqualified, the grinding module 2 can be directly adopted to grind and flatten the sample again, and the hardness detection efficiency can be improved.

It can be understood that, when the workpiece to be detected does not need to be cut, the grinding module 2 can also directly grind and grind the workpiece to be detected to form a sample.

Preferably, grind flat module 2, first detection module 3 and second detection module 4 set up along first direction interval, hardness detection device is still including bearing module 1, bearing module 1 can bear the weight of the preliminary sample spare and drive the preliminary sample spare along first direction reciprocating motion, in order to realize respectively grinding flat to the preliminary sample spare and detect and the indentation detection to the plane that waits to detect the part, when the plane detects nonconforming, bearing module 1 can also drive the sample spare and return to grind flat module 2 department and grind flat again, only need once to install the preliminary sample spare among the testing process, the detection efficiency is high, can realize the automation of testing process, and save the manpower.

Further, the bearing module 1 can also position the pre-sample piece, and avoids hardness detection errors caused by grinding or different detection positions, thereby ensuring the hardness detection precision of the sample piece. In this embodiment, since the pre-sample piece has a curved surface, in order to locate the curved surface, exemplarily, the bearing module 1 includes a bearing part 11 and two positioning sloping plates 12 disposed on the bearing part 11, the bearing part 11 is used for bearing the pre-sample piece, the two positioning sloping plates 12 are symmetrically disposed along a first direction, and the two positioning sloping plates 12 form an included angle, the two positioning sloping plates 12 can be respectively abutted to the pre-sample piece, so as to ensure that a central axis of the pre-sample piece coincides with a central axis of the bearing part 11, thereby ensuring a grinding accuracy of the pre-sample piece and a detection accuracy of the sample piece. Of course, the positioning manner of the bearing module 1 is not limited to this, and may be set according to the hardness detection requirement and the type of the workpiece to be detected, which is not limited in this embodiment.

Optionally, the polishing module 2 includes fine grinding assemblies 21 and polishing assemblies 22 arranged at intervals along the first direction to perform fine grinding on the pre-sample and polish the pre-sample after the fine grinding, respectively, so as to ensure the roughness and levelness of the to-be-detected portion of the sample, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of hardness detection.

Preferably, the first detection module 3 includes a roughness detection component 31 and a levelness 32 detection component arranged at intervals along the first direction, so as to detect the roughness and levelness of the part to be detected of the sample respectively, and ensure the grinding quality of the sample.

Illustratively, the roughness detecting component 31 includes roughness detecting probes, and the roughness detecting probes can respectively abut against multiple points on the part to be detected of the sample piece so as to obtain the roughness of the part to be detected.

Exemplarily, levelness determine module 32 includes laser generator and laser receiver, and laser generator and laser receiver set up along the second direction relatively, and the second direction is perpendicular and the second direction is located the horizontal plane with the first direction, and appearance piece can be by passing through between laser generator and the laser receiver to shelter from the partial laser that laser generator sent, laser receiver receives the laser after sheltering from, thereby obtains the levelness that appearance piece detected the part according to the part that laser sheltered from.

Of course, the detection mode of the roughness and the detection mode of the levelness are not limited to this, and a suitable detection mode may be selected according to the actual detection requirement, which is not limited in this embodiment.

In the description of the present specification, it is to be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present embodiment and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or structure referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, cannot be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Wherein the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.

In the description herein, references to the description of "an embodiment," "an example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "secured" are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, both fixed and removable connections; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may include the first feature being in direct contact with the second feature, or may include the first feature being in direct contact with the second feature but being in contact with the second feature by another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In addition, the foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.