阅读说明：本技术 三维造型物的制造装置 (Three-dimensional shaped object manufacturing device ) 是由 渡部学 平井利充 角谷彰彦 百瀬薫 于 2021-05-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：在从头部向粉末层喷出液体的三维造型物的制造装置中,能抑制液体的喷出不良。制造装置(1)具备：造型工作台(9)；层形成部(2)和(6),形成粉末层(500)；头部(3),向三维造型物的造型区域(P)喷出含有粘合剂的液体；液体供给系统(40),向头部(3)供给液体；和移动系统(8)和(10),使头部相对于造型工作台相对移动,头部具备：喷嘴(N),喷出液体；压力室(36),与喷嘴连通；供给流路(31)、(37)和(45a),在液体的供给方向的上游侧与压力室相通；和循环流路(32)、(38)和(45b),在供给方向的下游侧与压力室相通,该循环流路具备孔径比形成粉末层的粉末的粒径大的第一过滤器(F1)。(In a manufacturing apparatus for a three-dimensional shaped object which ejects liquid from a head to a powder layer, poor ejection of the liquid can be suppressed. A manufacturing device (1) is provided with: a modeling table (9); layer forming sections (2) and (6) for forming a powder layer (500); a head (3) that ejects a liquid containing an adhesive to a molding region (P) of a three-dimensional molded object; a liquid supply system (40) that supplies liquid to the head (3); and moving systems (8) and (10) for moving the head relative to the modeling table, the head including: a nozzle (N) for ejecting liquid; a pressure chamber (36) in communication with the nozzle; supply flow paths (31), (37) and (45a) which communicate with the pressure chamber on the upstream side in the liquid supply direction; and a circulation flow path (32), (38) and (45b) which communicates with the pressure chamber on the downstream side in the supply direction, the circulation flow path being provided with a first filter (F1) having an aperture diameter larger than the particle diameter of the powder forming the powder layer.)

1. An apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object, comprising:

a modeling workbench;

a layer forming unit that forms a powder layer on the modeling table;

a head that ejects a liquid containing a binder to a molding region of the three-dimensional molded object of the powder layer;

a liquid supply system that supplies the liquid to the head; and

a moving system that moves the head relative to the modeling table,

the head includes: a nozzle that ejects the liquid; a pressure chamber in communication with the nozzle; a supply flow path that communicates with the pressure chamber on an upstream side in a supply direction of the liquid; and a circulation flow path that communicates with the pressure chamber on a downstream side in the supply direction,

the circulation flow path is provided with a first filter,

the first filter has a pore size larger than a particle diameter of powder forming the powder layer.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises a third mold for molding the three-dimensional object,

the inner diameter of the nozzle is larger than the pore diameter of the first filter.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the apparatus further comprises a third mold for molding the three-dimensional object,

the second filter is provided on the downstream side in the feeding direction from the first filter.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the apparatus further comprises a third mold for molding the three-dimensional object,

the pore size of the second filter is smaller than the particle size of the powder forming the powder layer.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the apparatus further comprises a third mold for molding the three-dimensional object,

the second filter is replaceable.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the apparatus further comprises a third mold for molding the three-dimensional object,

a flow rate sensor for the liquid is provided on the circulation flow path at a position downstream of the second filter in the supply direction,

when the flow rate sensor detects a flow rate at which the flow rate of the liquid is equal to or less than a threshold value, the apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object outputs replacement information of the second filter.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises a third mold for molding the three-dimensional object,

the supply flow path is provided with a third filter having an aperture smaller than the particle diameter of the powder forming the powder layer.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises a third mold for molding the three-dimensional object,

the bottom surface of the region of the circulation flow path adjacent to the pressure chamber is disposed below the bottom surface of the region of the supply flow path adjacent to the pressure chamber in the direction of gravity.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a manufacturing apparatus for a three-dimensional shaped object.

Background

Various apparatuses for producing three-dimensional shaped objects have been used. Among them, there is a three-dimensional shaped object manufacturing apparatus that manufactures a three-dimensional shaped object by forming a powder layer and ejecting a liquid from a nozzle of a head to a shaping area of the three-dimensional shaped object of the powder layer. For example, patent document 1 discloses a three-dimensional modeling apparatus that forms a layer using a powder material and discharges a solidified liquid from a nozzle of a line head to the layer to produce a three-dimensional modeled object.

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2019-1010.

However, in a three-dimensional shaped object manufacturing apparatus that manufactures a three-dimensional shaped object by ejecting a liquid from a head portion to a powder layer as in the three-dimensional shaped object described in patent document 1, powder forming the powder layer may enter the head portion from a nozzle. When such powder enters the head, the liquid may be thickened, and the ejection of the liquid may be defective.

Disclosure of Invention

The apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to the present invention for solving the above problems includes: a modeling workbench; a layer forming unit that forms a powder layer on the modeling table; a head that discharges a liquid containing a binder to a molding region of the three-dimensional molded object of the powder layer; a liquid supply system that supplies the liquid to the head; and a moving system for moving the head relative to the modeling table, the head including: a nozzle that ejects the liquid; a pressure chamber in communication with the nozzle; a supply flow path that communicates with the pressure chamber on an upstream side in a supply direction of the liquid; and a circulation flow path that communicates with the pressure chamber on a downstream side in the supply direction, the circulation flow path including a first filter having an aperture diameter larger than a particle diameter of powder forming the powder layer.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a three-dimensional shaped object manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention in example 1.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a liquid supply system of the apparatus for producing a three-dimensional shaped object shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object using the apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object by using the apparatus for producing a three-dimensional shaped object of fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing a head of the apparatus for producing a three-dimensional shaped object of fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the head of the apparatus for producing a three-dimensional shaped object of fig. 1, as viewed from the bottom side, taken along the one-dot chain line a of fig. 5, and is a view showing a part of the components in a perspective view and broken lines.

Fig. 7 is a side cross-sectional view of the head of the apparatus for producing a three-dimensional shaped object of fig. 1, the cross-sectional view being cut by an alternate long and short dash line B of fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is a side cross-sectional view showing a head of the apparatus for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present invention in example 2.

Description of the symbols

1. A three-dimensional object manufacturing device; 2. a molding material supply unit (layer forming unit); 2A, a molding material supply unit (layer forming unit); 2B, a molding material supply unit (layer forming unit); 3. a head portion; 3A, a head; 3B, a head; 4. an ultraviolet irradiation unit; 5. a liquid receiving portion; 5A, a liquid receiving part; 5B, a liquid receiving part; 6. a roller (layer forming section); 6A, a roller (layer forming part); 6B, a roller (layer forming part); 7. a temperature sensor; 8. a supply unit (moving system); 9. a modeling workbench; 9a, a modeling surface; 10. a table unit (moving system); 10a, an upper surface portion; 11. a guide bar; 12. a control unit; 20. an external device; 31. a liquid supply chamber (supply flow path); 32. a circulation liquid chamber (circulation flow path); 33. a supply port; 34. an outlet port; 35. a piezoelectric element; 36. a pressure chamber; 37. an independent supply flow path (supply flow path); 37a, a bottom surface; 38. an independent circulation flow path (circulation flow path); 38b, a bottom surface; 40. a liquid supply system; 41. a circulating part; 42. a replenishing section; 43a, a liquid tank for pressure control; 43b, a liquid tank for pressure reduction control; 43c, a liquid cartridge; 44a, a pump for pressure control; 44b, a pump for pressure reduction control; 44c, a flow pump; 44d, a flow pump; 45a, a supply channel; 45b, a first circulation flow path (common circulation flow path); 45c, a second circulation flow path; 45d, a liquid replenishment flow path; 46. a flow sensor; 500. a layer (powder layer); 501. 502, 503, … … 50n, layers; D. a vibrating plate; f1, filter (first filter); f2, filter (second filter); f3, filter (third filter); n, a nozzle; p, a modeling area; s, a structure body; v1, electromagnetic valve; v2, electromagnetic valve.

Detailed Description

First, the present invention will be schematically described.

A manufacturing apparatus for a three-dimensional shaped object according to a first aspect of the present invention for solving the above problems is characterized by comprising: a modeling workbench; a layer forming unit that forms a powder layer on the modeling table; a head that discharges a liquid containing a binder to a molding region of the three-dimensional molded object of the powder layer; a liquid supply system that supplies the liquid to the head; a moving system for moving the head relative to the modeling table, the head including: a nozzle that ejects the liquid; a pressure chamber in communication with the nozzle; a supply flow path that communicates with the pressure chamber on an upstream side in a supply direction of the liquid; and a circulation flow path that communicates with the pressure chamber on a downstream side in the supply direction, the circulation flow path including a first filter having an aperture diameter larger than a particle diameter of powder forming the powder layer.

In the case where the head portion is manufactured, the foreign matter generated along with the manufacture of the head portion may flow backward from the circulation flow path to the pressure chamber to deteriorate the performance of the head portion. In addition, according to the present invention, the pore diameter of the first filter is larger than the particle diameter of the powder forming the powder layer. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the powder entering the head from the nozzle from being retained in the head one by the first filter, and the liquid from being gradually thickened between the nozzle and the first filter. Therefore, the liquid in the head can be prevented from thickening, and the poor ejection of the liquid can be prevented.

In the apparatus for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the first aspect, an inner diameter of the nozzle is larger than a pore diameter of the first filter.

According to the technical scheme, the inner diameter of the nozzle is larger than the pore diameter of the first filter. Therefore, even if the powder enters the head from the nozzle, the powder can be discharged again through the nozzle.

A third aspect of the present invention is the three-dimensional shaped object manufacturing apparatus according to the first or second aspect, further including a second filter provided downstream of the first filter in the feeding direction.

According to the present invention, the second filter is provided on the downstream side in the feeding direction from the first filter. Therefore, the performance of capturing foreign matter contained in the liquid returned from the circulation flow path to the supply flow path can be improved.

In the third aspect, the three-dimensional shaped object manufacturing apparatus according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the pore diameter of the second filter is smaller than the particle diameter of the powder forming the powder layer.

According to the present invention, the pore diameter of the second filter is smaller than the particle diameter of the powder forming the powder layer. Thus, the powder entering the head from the nozzle and passing through the first filter can be captured by the second filter.

A third aspect of the present invention is the apparatus for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the third or fourth aspect, wherein the second filter is replaceable.

According to the technical scheme, the second filter is replaceable. Therefore, when the second filter is clogged or the performance of the second filter is degraded, the first state can be easily restored.

In the manufacturing apparatus of a three-dimensional shaped object according to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the fifth aspect, the manufacturing apparatus is provided with a flow rate sensor for the liquid at a position downstream of the second filter in the supply direction in the circulation flow path, and when the flow rate sensor detects a flow rate at which the flow rate of the liquid is equal to or less than a threshold value, the manufacturing apparatus outputs replacement information of the second filter.

According to the present invention, the liquid flow sensor is provided, and when the flow sensor detects a flow rate of the liquid that is equal to or less than the threshold value, the liquid flow sensor outputs replacement information of the second filter. Therefore, the user can easily recognize the optimum replacement period of the second filter.

A seventh aspect of the present invention is the three-dimensional shaped object manufacturing apparatus according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, further comprising a third filter having an aperture diameter smaller than a particle diameter of powder forming the powder layer, in the supply flow path.

According to the present invention, the supply passage is provided with the third filter having an aperture diameter smaller than the particle diameter of the powder forming the powder layer. Therefore, the powder entering the head from the nozzle can be prevented from flowing backward in the supply flow path.

In addition to the first to seventh aspects, a manufacturing apparatus for a three-dimensional shaped object according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a bottom surface of a region of the circulation flow path adjacent to the pressure chamber is disposed below a bottom surface of a region of the supply flow path adjacent to the pressure chamber in a gravity direction.

According to this aspect, the bottom surface of the region of the circulation flow path adjacent to the pressure chamber is disposed at a position lower than the bottom surface of the region of the supply flow path adjacent to the pressure chamber in the direction of gravity. Since the powder entering the head from the nozzle is likely to flow to a lower side due to the influence of gravity, the powder is more likely to flow to the circulating flow path side than to flow back to the supply flow path side. Therefore, the powder entering the head from the nozzle can be prevented from flowing backward in the supply flow path.

Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Example 1

First, an outline of the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to example 1 will be described with reference to fig. 1. Here, the X direction in fig. 1 and the figures described later is a horizontal direction and corresponds to the reciprocating direction of the supply unit 8, wherein the X1 direction corresponds to the forward direction and the X2 direction corresponds to the backward direction. The Y direction is a horizontal direction and a direction orthogonal to the X direction, and corresponds to an extending direction of the rotation shaft of the roller 6. The Z direction is a vertical direction and corresponds to the stacking direction of the layers 500.

The term "three-dimensional shape" as used herein means a shape formed into a so-called three-dimensional shaped object, and includes, for example, a shape formed into a plate shape, in which a so-called two-dimensional shape has a thickness.

The apparatus 1 for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to the present embodiment is an apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by laminating a layer 500 including a layer 501, a layer 502, a layer 503, and a layer … …, and thereby manufacturing a three-dimensional object. As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment includes: a table unit 10 having a modeling table 9; a supply unit 8 that supplies a modeling material of the three-dimensional modeled object to the modeling table 9; and a control unit 12 for controlling the operations of the table unit 10 and the supply unit 8. The three-dimensional shaped object manufacturing apparatus 1 is electrically connected to an external device 20 such as a personal computer, and is configured to receive an instruction from a user via the external device 20.

The modeling table 9 is configured to be movable in the Z direction under the control of the control unit 12. The modeling surface 9a of the modeling table 9 is arranged at a position lower than the upper surface portion 10a of the table unit 10 by a predetermined distance in the Z direction, and the modeling material of the three-dimensional modeled object is supplied from the supply unit 8 to the modeling surface 9a, thereby forming one layer of the layer 500. Then, the molding table 9 is moved downward by a predetermined distance and the molding material of the three-dimensional object is supplied from the supply unit 8, and the lamination is repeated. Fig. 1 shows a state in which four layers, namely, a layer 501, a layer 502, a layer 503, and a layer 504, are repeatedly formed to form a structure S of a three-dimensional shaped object on the shaping surface 9 a.

The supply unit 8 is configured to be movable in the X direction along the guide bar 11. The supply unit 8 includes a molding material supply unit 2 that supplies a molding material containing powder of metal, ceramic, resin, or the like to the molding table 9. The molding material supply unit 2 includes a molding material supply unit 2A formed at the tip end in the X1 direction and a molding material supply unit 2B formed at the tip end in the X2 direction.

The supply unit 8 is provided with a roller 6 that compresses and homogenizes the molding material supplied to the molding table 9. Further, the roller 6 includes a roller 6A formed beside the modeling material supply unit 2A in the X direction and a roller 6B formed beside the modeling material supply unit 2B in the X direction. Here, the modeling material supply unit 2 and the roller 6 constitute a layer forming unit that forms a layer 500 as a powder layer on the modeling table 9. The supply unit 8 may be provided with a scraper for making the modeling material supplied to the modeling table 9 uniform, instead of the roller 6.

The supply unit 8 includes a head 3 that discharges a liquid containing a binder for binding powder contained in the modeling material supplied from the modeling material supply unit 2 to the modeling region P of the three-dimensional modeled object. The head 3 includes a head 3A formed beside the roller 6A in the X direction and a head 3B formed beside the roller 6B in the X direction. Details of the structure of the head 3 and the structure of the liquid supply system 40 shown in fig. 2 for supplying liquid to the head 3 will be described later. The liquid discharged from the head 3 does not necessarily have to contain a binder, and may be configured such that the modeling material supplied from the modeling material supply unit 2 contains a binder.

Here, the liquids ejected from the heads 3A and 3B are the same liquid, and both liquids contain an ultraviolet curable resin as a binder. However, the liquid is not limited to this, and a liquid containing a thermosetting resin as a binder, a liquid in a state where a resin as a solid of the binder is dissolved in a volatile solvent, or the like may be used. In addition, the supply unit 8 is provided with a temperature sensor 7 for detecting the temperature of the nozzle of the head 3 corresponding to the head 3A and the head 3B.

An ultraviolet irradiation unit 4 for irradiating ultraviolet rays that can cure the ultraviolet curable resin is provided between the head portions 3A and 3B in the X direction. Further, the supply unit 8 of the present embodiment is configured to include one ultraviolet irradiation unit 4, but may be configured to include 2 or more ultraviolet irradiation units 4, not include an ultraviolet irradiation unit 4 depending on the type of liquid to be used, or may be configured to include a heater for curing the thermosetting resin or for volatilizing the solvent instead of the ultraviolet irradiation unit 4.

As shown in fig. 1, the shapes of the structural components of the supply unit 8 of the present embodiment are formed symmetrically in the X direction. Therefore, the apparatus 1 for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment can perform the operation of shaping a three-dimensional shaped object while moving the supply unit 8 in the X1 direction, and can perform the operation of shaping a three-dimensional shaped object while moving the supply unit 8 in the X2 direction.

As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus 1 for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment is provided with the liquid receiving unit 5 on the table unit 10, and can perform a flushing operation by ejecting liquid from the head unit 3 at a position facing the liquid receiving unit 5. That is, since the position facing the liquid receiving portion 5 is the flushing position, the flushing position is naturally located at a position different from the molding region P of the three-dimensional molded object. The liquid receiving portion 5 includes a liquid receiving portion 5A and a liquid receiving portion 5B.

As described above, the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment includes: a modeling table 9; a modeling material supply unit 2 and a roller 6 as a layer forming unit that form a layer 500 as a powder layer on a modeling table 9; a head 3 that discharges a liquid containing a binder from a nozzle to a molding region P that is a three-dimensional molded object of the layer 500; a supply unit 8 and a table unit 10 as a moving system that moves the head 3 relative to the modeling table 9; and a control unit 12 for controlling the movement of the head 3 relative to the modeling table 9 and the driving of the head 3 by applying a voltage. Further, a liquid supply system 40 for supplying liquid to the head 3 is provided.

The liquid supply system 40 will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 2. The liquid supply system 40 shown in fig. 2 is constituted by a circulation section 41 including a supply flow path 45a for supplying liquid to the head section 3, and a replenishment section 42 including a liquid replenishment flow path 45d for replenishing the circulation section 41 with liquid.

The circulation unit 41 includes a head 3, a pressure control liquid tank 43a, a pressure reduction control liquid tank 43b, a pressure control pump 44a, a pressure reduction control pump 44b, a flow pump 44c, and an electromagnetic valve V1. The circulation unit 41 includes a supply flow path 45a connecting the pressurization control liquid tank 43a and the head 3, a first circulation flow path 45b connecting the head 3 and the decompression control liquid tank 43b, and a second circulation flow path 45c connecting the pressurization control liquid tank 43a and the decompression control liquid tank 43 b. Here, the first circulation flow path 45b is provided with a filter F2 and a flow rate sensor 46 that detects the flow rate of the liquid flowing through the first circulation flow path 45 b.

The differential pressure control is performed by the pressurization control liquid tank 43a, the pressurization control pump 44a, the decompression control liquid tank 43b, and the decompression control pump 44b so that a negative pressure slightly lower than the atmospheric pressure is applied to the nozzle N of the head 3 shown in fig. 6.

A flow pump 44c and an electromagnetic valve V1 are provided in the second circulation flow path 45c for flowing the liquid from the pressure-reducing control liquid tank 43b as the pressure-reducing tank to the pressure-controlling liquid tank 43a as the pressure-increasing tank. When the liquid is supplied to the head 3 during the liquid ejecting operation of the head 3, the electromagnetic valve V1 is opened to operate the flow pump 44c, thereby circulating the liquid through the supply flow path 45a, the first circulation flow path 45b, and the second circulation flow path 45 c.

The replenishing unit 42 includes a replaceable liquid cartridge 43c for storing liquid, a flow pump 44d, and an electromagnetic valve V2. The replenishing unit 42 has a liquid replenishing flow path 45d connecting the pressurization-controlling liquid tank 43a and the liquid cartridge 43 c. When the liquid is replenished from the liquid cartridge 43c to the pressure-controlling liquid tank 43a, the electromagnetic valve V2 is opened, and the flow pump 44d is operated to cause the liquid to flow through the liquid replenishment flow path 45 d.

Here, the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment is configured such that 1 liquid supply system 40 is provided in each of the head 3A and the head 3B. However, for example, the head 3A may be connected to the first circulation channel 45B via the head 3B, and the liquid supply system for both the head 3A and the head 3B may be configured by 1 liquid supply system. That is, 1 liquid supply system may be associated with a plurality of heads. At this time, a supply port 33 of the head 3B described later is connected to a discharge port 34 of the head 3A described later. In such a configuration, the powder entering the head from the nozzle of the head 3A can be prevented from entering the head 3B.

Next, a specific example of a modeling material constituting the layer 500 as a powder layer, which can be used in the apparatus 1 for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment, will be described. Examples of the metal powder that can be contained in the molding material include single powders of magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni), powders of alloys containing 1 or more of these metals (maraging steel, stainless steel (SUS), cobalt chromium molybdenum, titanium alloys, nickel alloys, aluminum alloys, cobalt alloys, and cobalt chromium alloys), and mixed powders thereof.

As the ceramic powder that can be contained in the molding material, for example, silica, titania, alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, or the like can be preferably used.

As the resin powder that can be contained in the molding material or the binder that is contained in the liquid discharged from the head 3, for example, PMMA (acrylic), ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate), ASA (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate), PLA (polylactic acid), PEI (polyetherimide), PC (polycarbonate), PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), PA (polyamide), EP (epoxy resin), PPs (polyphenylene sulfide), PS (polystyrene), paraffin, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), carboxymethyl cellulose, polyoxymethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, and the like can be preferably used. For example, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, cellulose resin, or other synthetic resins may be used alone or in combination. Further, ultraviolet-curable resins such as thermoplastic resins and acrylic resins, which are of the type using radical polymerization of unsaturated double bonds, and epoxy resins, which are of the type using cationic polymerization, may also be used.

Further, examples of the solvent contained in the liquid discharged from the head 3 include: water; (poly) alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether; acetates such as ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, etc.; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl n-butyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, and acetylacetone; alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, and butanol; tetraalkylammonium acetates; sulfoxide solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and diethyl sulfoxide; pyridine solvents such as pyridine, 4-methylpyridine and 2, 6-dimethylpyridine; and ionic liquids such as tetraalkylammonium acetate (e.g., tetrabutylammonium acetate), and 1 or 2 or more selected from these may be used in combination.

Next, an example of a method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object that can be executed using the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object will be described with reference to fig. 3 and the flowchart of fig. 4. In the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment shown in the flowchart of fig. 4, the control unit 12 controls each component of the apparatus 1 for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object, such as the supply unit 8 and the shaping table 9. Fig. 3 shows an example of forming the layer 502 in the layer 500.

In the method of manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, first, in the shaping data input step of step S110, shaping data of the manufactured three-dimensional shaped object is input. The input source of the modeling data of the three-dimensional modeled object is not particularly limited, and the modeling data may be input to the manufacturing apparatus 1 of the three-dimensional modeled object using the external apparatus 20.

Next, in the pre-mold washing step of step S120, the head 3 is subjected to pre-mold washing. Here, when the layer 500 is formed by moving the supply unit 8 in the X1 direction, the head 3A is washed before the formation at a position facing the liquid receiving portion 5B. On the other hand, when the layer 500 is formed by moving the supply unit 8 in the X2 direction, the head 3B is rinsed before forming at a position facing the liquid receiving portion 5A. The pre-mold washing step in step S120 may be omitted.

Next, in the layer forming step of step S130, the modeling material is supplied from the modeling material supply unit 2 to the modeling surface 9a of the modeling table 9, and the modeling material is compressed and homogenized by the roller 6, thereby forming the layer 500. The uppermost state in fig. 3 shows a state in which the layer 502 is formed by moving the supply unit 8 in the X1 direction. Here, in the case of moving the supply unit 8 in the X1 direction to form the layer 500, the layer 500 is formed by supplying the modeling material from the modeling material supply portion 2A and compressing and homogenizing the modeling material with the roller 6A. On the other hand, in the case of moving the supply unit 8 in the X2 direction to form the layer 500, the layer 500 is formed by supplying the modeling material from the modeling material supply portion 2B and compressing and homogenizing the modeling material with the roller 6B.

Next, in the liquid ejecting step of step S140, a liquid containing an adhesive is ejected from the nozzles N of the head 3 toward the modeling region P of the three-dimensional shaped object of the layer 500. The second positive state in fig. 3 shows a state in which the supply unit 8 is moved in the X1 direction and the liquid is ejected from the nozzle N of the head 3 toward the modeling region P of the layer 502. Here, when the layer 500 is formed by moving the supply unit 8 in the X1 direction, the liquid is ejected from the head 3A. On the other hand, when the layer 500 is formed by moving the supply unit 8 in the X2 direction, the liquid is ejected from the head 3B.

Next, in the ultraviolet irradiation step of step S150, ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the ultraviolet irradiation section 4 to the modeling region P of the three-dimensional modeled object of the layer 500. The lowermost state in fig. 3 shows a state in which the supply unit 8 is moved in the X1 direction and the ultraviolet light is irradiated from the ultraviolet light irradiation section 4 to the modeling region P of the three-dimensional modeled object in the layer 502.

Next, in the flushing step of step S160, the head 3 is flushed. Here, when the layer 500 is formed by moving the supply unit 8 in the X1 direction, the head 3A is flushed at a position facing the liquid receiving portion 5A. On the other hand, when the layer 500 is formed by moving the supply unit 8 in the X2 direction, the head 3B is flushed at a position facing the liquid receiving portion 5B.

Then, in the step of determining whether the molding data is complete in step S170, the control unit 12 of the three-dimensional object manufacturing apparatus 1 determines whether the formation of the layer 500 is complete based on the molding data input in step S110. If it is determined that the formation of the layer 500 is not completely completed, the process returns to the pre-mold rinsing step of step S120 to form the next layer 500. On the other hand, if it is determined that the formation of the layer 500 is completely completed, the process proceeds to the degreasing step in step S180.

In the degreasing step of step S180, the resin component of the structure S produced by repeating the pre-molding rinsing step of step S120 to the molding data end presence/absence determining step of step S170 with a binder or the like using an external device or the like is degreased. The degreasing method includes, but is not particularly limited to, a method of volatilizing a resin component by heating, a method of dissolving a resin component by immersing the structure S in a solvent, and the like. In the case of producing a three-dimensional shaped object made of resin, the degreasing step in step S180 may be omitted depending on the type of the three-dimensional shaped object to be produced.

Then, in the sintering step of step S190, the structure S degreased in the degreasing step of step S180 is heated by an external device or the like, and the molding material is sintered. Even if the resin component such as the binder of the structure S remains after the degreasing step of step S180 is performed, the resin component is removed along with the sintering step of step S190. Then, the method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment is completed with the completion of the sintering step in step S190. In addition, the sintering step in step S190 may be omitted depending on the type of the three-dimensional shaped object to be produced, as in the degreasing step in step S180.

Next, the detailed structure of the head 3 will be described with reference to fig. 5 to 7. Here, the head 3A and the head 3B have the same configuration. Therefore, the following description corresponds to both the header 3A and the header 3B. Further, the solid-line arrows in fig. 7 indicate the direction in which the liquid flows inside the head 3.

As shown in fig. 5, the head 3 is connected to the supply channel 45a and the first circulation channel 45 b. The supply flow path 45a as a supply flow path for supplying the liquid into the head 3 and the first circulation flow path 45b as a circulation flow path for temporarily discharging the liquid in the head 3 to the outside and circulating the liquid can be considered to constitute a part of the head 3. When the expression is changed, the head 3 includes a supply flow path 45a and a first circulation flow path 45 b. The supply channel 45a is connected to the supply port 33, and the first circulation channel 45b is connected to the discharge port 34.

As shown in fig. 5 to 7, the head 3 has a liquid supply chamber 31, the liquid supply chamber 31 has a supply port 33, and liquid is sent from the supply flow path 45a to the liquid supply chamber 31 through the supply port 33. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the head 3 has an independent supply flow path 37 communicating with the liquid supply chamber 31 via a filter F3, and the liquid supplied to the liquid supply chamber 31 is sent to the independent supply flow path 37.

As shown in fig. 5 and 7, the head 3 includes a piezoelectric element 35 that deforms in the Z direction by application of a voltage, and the piezoelectric element 35 is disposed in a space on the opposite side of the pressure chamber 36 in the Z direction with a diaphragm D interposed therebetween. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the pressure chamber 36 communicates with the independent supply channel 37, and the liquid is sent from the independent supply channel 37 to the pressure chamber 36. The nozzle N communicates with the pressure chamber 36, and the piezoelectric element 35 deforms to contract the volume of the pressure chamber 36, thereby pressurizing the liquid in the pressure chamber 36, and discharging the liquid from the nozzle N. The lower side in fig. 7 is a vertical lower side, and the discharge direction of the liquid from the nozzle N is a vertical lower side corresponding to the direction of gravity.

As described above, the apparatus 1 for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment includes the liquid supply system 40 shown in fig. 2, and circulates the liquid supplied to the head 3. Therefore, in order to circulate the liquid once sent to the pressure chamber 36, the pressure chamber 36 communicates with the independent circulation flow path 38 in addition to the independent supply flow path 37. The independent circulation flow path 38 communicates with the circulation liquid chamber 32 having the discharge port 34 via the filter F1. The apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment circulates a liquid by causing the liquid to flow through the supply flow path 45a, the supply liquid chamber 31, the independent supply flow path 37, the pressure chamber 36, the independent circulation flow path 38, the circulation liquid chamber 32, and the first circulation flow path 45b in the head 3.

Thus, the head 3 includes: a nozzle N for ejecting liquid; a pressure chamber 36 communicating with the nozzle N; a supply flow path 45a as a supply flow path, which communicates with the pressure chamber 36 on the upstream side in the liquid supply direction, the liquid supply chamber 31, and the independent supply flow path 37; the independent circulation flow path 38, the circulation liquid chamber 32, and the first circulation flow path 45b, which are circulation flow paths, communicate with the pressure chamber 36 on the downstream side in the liquid supply direction. The circulation flow path is provided with a filter F1 as a first filter, and the filter F1 is a filter having a pore size larger than the particle size of the powder forming the powder layer. The "supply direction of the liquid" means a direction in which the liquid flows from the pressure chamber 36 side to the first circulation flow path 45b side in addition to a direction in which the liquid flows from the supply flow path 45a side to the pressure chamber 36 side. That is, the supply direction of the liquid corresponds to the circulation direction of the liquid in the circulation portion 41. In addition, the "pore size" may be, for example, the maximum diameter of the pore, and the catalog value of the filter or the like may be employed. In addition, the "particle diameter" may be, for example, the maximum particle diameter of the powder or the like, and a value measured by laser diffraction, scattering method or the like may be employed. In addition, a value measured by observing the powder with an electron microscope may be used.

In some cases, when the head 3 is manufactured, the foreign matter generated as the head 3 is produced may flow backward from the circulation flow path to the pressure chamber 36, and the performance of the head 3 may be degraded, but as in the manufacturing apparatus 1 of a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment, by providing the filter F1 on the circulation flow path, the foreign matter generated as the head 3 is produced may be prevented from flowing backward from the circulation flow path to the pressure chamber 36. In addition, in the structure in which the powder layer is formed and the liquid is discharged from the nozzle N of the head 3 to the powder layer as in the manufacturing apparatus 1 of the three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment, the powder forming the powder layer may enter the inside of the head 3 from the nozzle N. When the powder enters the inside of the head 3, the liquid may be thickened, and the liquid may be discharged poorly. However, the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment includes the filter F1 in the circulating flow path, and the pore size of the filter F1 is larger than the particle diameter of the powder forming the powder layer. Therefore, the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment can suppress the powder entering the head 3 from the nozzle N from being retained in the head 3 one by the filter F1, and the liquid from being gradually thickened between the nozzle N and the filter F1. Therefore, the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment can suppress thickening of the liquid in the head 3 and suppress poor discharge of the liquid.

Here, the inner diameter of the nozzle N is larger than the pore diameter of the filter F1. Therefore, in the apparatus 1 for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment, even if powder enters the head 3 from the nozzle N, the powder can be discharged again through the nozzle N in the pre-shaping rinsing step, the liquid ejecting step, the rinsing step, and the like.

As shown in fig. 2, the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment is provided with a filter F2 in the first circulation flow path 45 b. In the conversion expression, the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object of the present embodiment includes the filter F2 as a second filter on the downstream side in the liquid supply direction from the filter F1. Therefore, the performance of capturing foreign matter contained in the liquid returned from the circulation flow path to the supply flow path is improved. As described above, in the apparatus 1 for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment, the filter F2 is provided in the first circulation flow path 45b which is located on the downstream side in the liquid supply direction from the filter F1 in the circulation flow path. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and the filter F2 may be provided in the second circulation flow path 45c, the pressure control liquid tank 43a, or the pressure reduction control liquid tank 43b, for example.

Here, the pore diameter of the filter F2 is smaller than the particle diameter of the powder forming the powder layer. Therefore, the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment is configured to capture the powder that enters the head 3 from the nozzle N and passes through the filter F1 by the filter F2.

Further, the filter F2 can be detached from the first circulation flow path 45b, and the user can easily replace it with a new filter F2. Therefore, when the filter F2 is clogged, the performance of the filter is degraded, and the like, the user can easily return the filter to the original state.

Here, as shown in fig. 2, the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment includes a flow sensor 46 in the first circulation flow path 45 b. Specifically, the flow sensor 46 is provided on the downstream side of the first circulation flow path 45b in the liquid supply direction with respect to the filter F2. When the flow rate sensor 46 detects that the flow rate of the liquid is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, the control unit 12 outputs replacement information of the filter F2 to a PC or the like as the external device 20. Therefore, the user of the manufacturing apparatus 1 using the three-dimensional shaped object of the present embodiment can easily recognize the optimum replacement timing of the filter F2.

As shown in fig. 7, the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment includes a filter F3 as a third filter at a position between the supply liquid chamber 31 and the independent supply flow path 37, which collectively constitute the supply flow path. Here, the pore diameter of the filter F3 is smaller than the particle diameter of the powder forming the powder layer. In this way, since the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object of the present embodiment includes the filter F3 having a pore size smaller than the particle size of the powder forming the powder layer in the supply flow path, it is possible to suppress the powder entering the head 3 from the nozzle N from flowing backward in the supply flow path.

Example 2

Hereinafter, the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to example 2 will be described with reference to fig. 8. Fig. 8 corresponds to fig. 7 of the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to example 1, and solid arrows in fig. 8 indicate the direction in which liquid flows inside the head 3. In fig. 8, the same components as those in embodiment 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

Here, the structure of the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment other than the head 3 is the same as that of the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment. In addition, the head 3 of the present embodiment has the liquid supply chamber 31, the liquid supply chamber 31 has the supply port 33, and the liquid is supplied from the supply flow path 45a to the liquid supply chamber 31 through the supply port 33, similarly to the head 3 of the embodiment 1. The head 3 of the present embodiment has the independent supply flow path 37 communicating with the liquid supply chamber 31 via the filter F3, similarly to the head 3 of embodiment 1, and the liquid supplied to the liquid supply chamber 31 is sent to the independent supply flow path 37.

As shown in fig. 8, the head 3 of the present embodiment includes a piezoelectric element 35 that deforms in the Z direction by application of a voltage, as in the head 3 of embodiment 1, and a pressure chamber 36 is formed at a position facing the piezoelectric element 35 in the Z direction with a diaphragm D interposed therebetween. As shown in fig. 8, the pressure chamber 36 communicates with the independent supply channel 37, and the liquid is sent from the independent supply channel 37 to the pressure chamber 36. The nozzle N communicates with the pressure chamber 36, and the piezoelectric element 35 deforms, so that the pressure chamber 36 is pressurized by the vibrating plate D so that the liquid in the pressure chamber 36 is pressed, and the liquid is discharged from the nozzle N. The lower side in fig. 8 is a vertical lower side, and the discharge direction of the liquid discharged from the nozzle N is a vertical lower side corresponding to the direction of gravity.

Similarly to the apparatus 1 for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object according to example 1, the apparatus 1 for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object according to this embodiment includes a liquid supply system 40 shown in fig. 2, and circulates and supplies the liquid supplied to the head 3. Therefore, in order to circulate the liquid once sent to the pressure chamber 36, the pressure chamber 36 communicates with the independent circulation flow path 38 in addition to the independent supply flow path 37. The independent circulation flow path 38 communicates with the circulation liquid chamber 32 having the discharge port 34 via the filter F1. That is, in the manufacturing apparatus 1 of a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment, similarly to the manufacturing apparatus 1 of a three-dimensional shaped object according to embodiment 1, the liquid is circulated by flowing the liquid through the supply flow path 45a, the supply liquid chamber 31, the independent supply flow path 37, the pressure chamber 36, the independent circulation flow path 38, the circulation liquid chamber 32, and the first circulation flow path 45b in the head 3.

As shown in fig. 7, the position of the bottom surface 37b of the independent supply channel 37 and the position of the bottom surface 38b of the independent circulation channel 38 in the Z direction of the head 3 of example 1 are substantially the same. On the other hand, as shown in fig. 8, the position of the bottom surface 38b of the independent circulation channel 38 in the Z direction is located at a lower position than the position of the bottom surface 37b of the independent supply channel 37 in the Z direction of the head 3 of the present embodiment.

In the manufacturing apparatus 1 for a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment, the bottom surface 38b of the independent circulation channel 38 in the region of the circulation channel adjacent to the pressure chamber 36 is disposed at a position lower than the bottom surface 37b of the independent supply channel 37 in the region of the supply channel adjacent to the pressure chamber 36 in the gravity direction. Here, the powder entering the head 3 from the nozzle N is easily caused to flow to a lower side by the influence of gravity. Therefore, with such a configuration, the powder entering the head 3 from the nozzle N flows more easily to the circulation flow path side than to the supply flow path side. Therefore, the apparatus 1 for producing a three-dimensional shaped object according to the present embodiment can suppress the occurrence of backflow of the powder entering the head 3 from the nozzle N in the supply flow path.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be implemented in various configurations without departing from the spirit thereof. For example, technical features in the embodiments corresponding to technical features in the respective aspects described in the summary of the invention may be appropriately replaced or combined in order to solve a part or all of the above-described technical problems or to achieve a part or all of the above-described effects. In addition, if the technical features are not described as essential features in the present specification, they may be appropriately deleted.