阅读说明：本技术 平面材料和用于生产其的方法 (Planar material and method for producing same ) 是由 罗杰·布劳恩 约阿希姆·哈施 沃尔克·施温德 诺贝特·卡尔瓦 于 2020-01-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及包含木素纤维素纤维和粘合剂的平面材料。根据本发明,为了提供使用具有减少的溶胀的纤维的平面材料,粘合剂的比例占平面材料的大于50重量％。本发明还涉及用于生产根据本发明的平面材料的方法。(The invention relates to a planar material comprising lignocellulose fibres and a binder. According to the invention, in order to provide a planar material using fibers with reduced swelling, the proportion of binder represents more than 50% by weight of the planar material. The invention also relates to a method for producing the planar material according to the invention.)

1. A method for producing a planar material comprising lignocellulose fibers (5) and a binder, wherein the proportion of the binder and optionally a plasticizing additive used is greater than 50% of the planar material (1), having the following steps:

providing lignocellulosic fibres (5),

providing the adhesive, preferably in liquid form, wherein optionally a plasticizing additive is used,

applying the binder and optionally the plasticizing additive to the fibers (5),

forming a fibrous cake from the fibers provided with the binder and optionally with the plasticizing additive,

pressing the fiber cake in a press while curing the binder to produce a planar material (1).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that acrylate, styrene acrylate, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate, monoethylene glycol or diethylene glycol is added as the plasticizing additive for the planar material.

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the plasticizing additive is used in a ratio of solids of at most 1: 1, preferably 0.7: 1, in particular 0.2: 1, advantageously at least 0.01: 1, with respect to the solids of the binder.

4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the plasticising additive is applied to the fibres before or after the binder, or mixed with the binder before being applied to the fibres and then applied to the fibres.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the planar material is produced using a continuous press or a discontinuous press, in particular a hot press.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressing temperature is 140 ℃ to 220 ℃, preferably 160 ℃ to 180 ℃.

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressing pressure is 0.3N/mm²To 5.5N/mm²Preferably 1N/mm²To 3N/mm²。

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressing duration is 6 seconds/mm plate thickness to 60 seconds/mm plate thickness, preferably 10 seconds/mm plate thickness to 20 seconds/mm plate thickness.

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binder for the fibres and optionally the agent for plasticising are provided wet, partially dried or dried, wherein the fibres are preferably subsequently dried when the binder and optionally the agent for plasticising are applied.

10. Planar material produced according to the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, comprising lignocellulosic fibres (5) and a binder, wherein the proportion of the binder is more than 50% by weight of the planar material (1).

11. The material according to claim 10, characterized in that the binder comprises melamine resin, formaldehyde resin, phenol resin, Methylene Diphenyl Isocyanate (MDI), methylene diphenyl isocyanate in emulsified form such as eMDI, poly diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI), polyurethane, or a mixture of the aforementioned binders.

12. The material according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the material (1) comprises natural, synthetic, inorganic or organic fibers, or a mixture of fibers.

13. The material according to claim 12, characterized in that the organic natural fibers comprise lignocellulosic fibers from renewable raw materials, in particular coniferous wood fibers, deciduous wood fibers, fibers from annual plants, or bamboo fibers.

14. The material according to claim 12, characterized in that said synthetic fibers comprise fibers made of thermoplastic material, in particular made of polyethylene or polypropylene, but also fibers made of polycarbonate, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid or polyurethane.

15. The material according to claim 12, characterized in that the inorganic fibers comprise fibers made of mineral, ceramic or glass material.

16. Material according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the proportion of binder is more than 101 wt.%, more than 120 wt.%, more than 150 wt.%, more than 200 wt.% relative to fully dried wood.

17. Material according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 17, characterized in that the planar material (1) has an aggregate, in particular a non-hygroscopic filler or a non-swelling filler.

18. The material according to claim 17, characterized in that mineral, ceramic, composite or glass particles are used as the aggregate.

19. Material according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 18, characterized in that the planar material (1) has a hydrophobic agent, such as paraffin or wax.

20. Material according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 19, characterized in that the thickness swelling of the planar material (1) comprising lignocellulosic fibres (5) and binder is at most 3%, preferably at most 2%, preferably less than 1%.

21. Use of a planar material according to at least one of claims 10 to 20, characterized in that the planar material (1) is used for interior decoration, in particular as a floor or composite floor, as a wall or ceiling panel, as a furniture panel, when decorating wet and humid rooms; for outdoor construction, as a standing panel or for a roof, for stables, for terrace construction including decks or outdoor floors, and for outdoor structures, in particular outdoor installations.

Exemplary embodiment 1

For the experiments whose results are shown in table 1 below, lignocellulosic fibres, in this case conifer fibres, were used. The fibers are produced from steamed wood chips by defibration in a refiner. Alternatively, any other lignocellulosic fibre or mixture of such fibres may be used. Using softwood fibers having 120% moisture prior to gluing; before pressing, it was dried with binder on it to a residual moisture of 8%, i.e. 1 ton of fibres contained 80kg of water.

For this experiment, more than 100 wt.% (108 wt.% in the present case) of binder, here a binder comprising melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF resin), relative to completely dried wood was used. The solids concentration of the melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF resin) used in the binder was 60% (measured at 60 min/120 ℃). Thus, 180 grams of liquid binder containing 108g MF resin was applied to 100 grams of fully dried fibrous material (fully dried wood) taking into account the liquid content (108 g ═ 180g at 60% solids content). Herein, "completely dried wood" means lignocellulose fibers dried to a constant weight at 105 ℃. "completely dry wood" is a typical reference measurement for formulations containing lignocellulosic fibers. Other exemplary embodiments are based on the complete use of adhesives.

In addition, 1.2 wt% paraffin relative to the completely dried wood was used.

Applying a binder to the lignocellulosic fibres in four passes; 27 wt% was applied to the fibers per pass. In the known devices for gluing fibers, a liquid adhesive is sprayed through a nozzle. The spray produced by the nozzle condenses on the surface of the fibers passing through the spray, e.g., a spray falling from top to bottom through the binder.

The drying of the glued fibres is started after the equipment for gluing the fibres in a device for drying, for example a hot air channel or a tube, where heated air is applied to the fibres. The purpose of drying is not to completely remove all liquid but to dry the adhesive to such an extent that it no longer adheres. The reactivity of the adhesive during curing under the influence of pressure and/or temperature should not be adversely affected by drying.

After drying, the fibers may be stored or further glued or processed. First a second pass through the equipment for gluing was started, where again 27 wt% MF resin was sprayed on the fibres, which had been pre-glued after the first pass. The glued fibres are also dried after the second pass until they no longer adhere or stick to each other. In the same way, the third and fourth passes through the device for gluing and the means for drying are performed. Alternatively, it is also possible to apply 110 wt.% adhesive to the fibers in one or two channels or alternatively also in five or more channels. The amount of binder applied to the fibers per channel may vary from channel to channel.

After each passage, a portion of the glued fibres was removed and processed to form a planar material with a thickness of 7 mm. This takes place by spreading a fibrous cake at 180 ℃ and 2.5N/mm²And a pressing duration of 15 seconds/mm in a known continuously operating double belt press. The plate produced in this way had a thickness of 5.5mm and 1050kg/m³The density of (c). As a reference, on the one hand, a planar material produced under the same conditions without increasing the addition of adhesive was examined (table 1, channel 0).

The planar material produced in this way was examined for swelling according to DIN 317 and for side swelling according to DIN 13329. The swelling of the thickness is determined on the side of the material as the absolute change in mm and also as the relative change (%) with respect to the initial thickness of 7 mm.

Table 1 swelling of the adhesive with a thickness of 7mm planar material from 0 to 108 wt%

Channel numbering	0	1	2	3	4
						Absolute difference (mm)	1，47	0，50	0，25	0，21	0，12
Relative difference (%)	22，92	7，45	3，82	3，05	1，83

In the planar material without added adhesive (channel 0), the swelling according to the thickness of table 1 is as expected at a maximum of nearly 23%. Each pass with 27 wt-% MF resin per application reduced swelling of the thickness at the sides of the planar material. When 108 wt% binder relative to fully dried wood was used, a very low value of 1.83% of side swelling was achieved.