阅读说明：本技术 光伏电池、封装光伏电池制造工艺、光伏瓦的电连接组件和光伏屋顶瓦 (Photovoltaic cell, process for manufacturing an encapsulated photovoltaic cell, electrical connection assembly for photovoltaic tiles and photovoltaic roof tile ) 是由 克莱顿·阿布里奥 罗德里戈安吉洛·伊纳西奥 路易斯安东尼奥·洛佩斯 于 2019-12-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种pn光伏电池(10),包括涂覆有导电膜(12)的晶体硅结构(11),所述导电膜(12)使用p型掺杂剂溶液和n型掺杂剂溶液形成,所述p型和n型掺杂剂溶液包括类叶红素成分。一种使用pn光伏电池(10)制造封装pn光伏电池的方法以及使用这类封装光伏电池(19)形成组件(15),所述组件(15)用于与光伏瓦(20)形成具有发电和覆盖功能的单一构件。一种用于光伏瓦(20)的电连接单元,所述电连接单元用于将光伏瓦(20)产生的电能简单且安全地传导至逆变器。(A pn photovoltaic cell (10) comprising a crystalline silicon structure (11) coated with a conductive film (12), the conductive film (12) being formed using a p-type dopant solution and an n-type dopant solution, the p-type and n-type dopant solutions comprising a carotenoid component. A method of manufacturing encapsulated pn photovoltaic cells using pn photovoltaic cells (10) and the use of such encapsulated photovoltaic cells (19) to form an assembly (15), said assembly (15) being used to form a single component with photovoltaic tiles (20) having both power generation and covering functions. An electrical connection unit for photovoltaic tiles (20) for simple and safe conduction of electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic tiles (20) to an inverter.)

1. A pn-type photovoltaic cell (10), characterized in that the pn-type photovoltaic cell (10) comprises a crystalline silicon structure (11) coated with a conductive film (12), the conductive film (12) being formed from a p-type dopant solution and an n-type dopant solution, the p-type dopant solution and the n-type dopant solution comprising a carotenoid component.

2. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the p-type dopant solution comprises a dopant element from group 5A of the periodic table and the N-type dopant solution comprises a dopant element from group 2A of the periodic table.

3. The photovoltaic cell of claim 2, wherein the group 5A dopant element is phosphorus in an amount of 1.5 to 4 mass percent and the group 2A dopant element is calcium in an amount of 0.5 to 2 mass percent.

4. The photovoltaic cell of claim 2, wherein the p-type and n-type dopant solutions further comprise rosin resin in an amount of 15 to 30 mass percent, cationic fluorocarbon surfactant in an amount of 0.5 to 2 mass percent, liquid glycerin in an amount of 0.5 to 2.5 mass percent, and silver nitrate in an amount of 1.5 to 4 mass percent.

5. The photovoltaic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the p-type and n-type dopant solutions comprise a content of phytoid in the respective solution of 1 to 5 mass%.

6. Photovoltaic cell according to claim 5, characterized in that the carotenoid is selected from the group consisting of bixin, norbixin, lycopene, canthaxanthin, fucoxanthin and β -carotene.

7. A process for manufacturing an encapsulated p-n type photovoltaic cell, said process comprising the steps of:

a) coating (12) a plurality of crystalline silicon structures (11) with a conductive film formed from p-type and n-type doping solutions containing a phytoene component to form a plurality of p-n type photovoltaic cells (10);

b) -joining a plurality of p-n type photovoltaic cells (10) by soldering (13) to form an assembly (15);

c) the assembly (15) is encapsulated to form an encapsulated photovoltaic cell (19);

d) and (6) electrically connecting.

8. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the step of coating the conductive film (12) with a plurality of crystalline silicon structures (11) comprises the steps of:

(i) mixing rosin resin and isopropanol to form a mixture A;

(ii) adding phytoid into the mixture A to form a uniform mixture B;

(iii) adding a cationic fluorocarbon surfactant and silver nitrate to mixture B to form mixture C;

(iv) adding glycerol to the mixture C to form a mixture D;

(v) dividing the mixture D into a mixture D1 and a mixture D2, adding phosphorus to the mixture D1 to form an n-type doped solution, and adding calcium to the mixture D2 to form a p-type doped solution;

(vi) immersing a plurality of crystalline silicon structures (11) in p-type and n-type doping solutions to form a p-n type photovoltaic cell (10);

(vii) the p-n type photovoltaic cell (10) is dried to form a conductive film (12).

9. Electrical connection assembly for photovoltaic tiles (20), said photovoltaic tiles (20) being provided with photovoltaic cells (10), characterized in that it comprises:

at least one first main connector (121) embedded in the photovoltaic tile (20) and connected to an electrical busbar (101, 101') of at least one photovoltaic cell (10);

at least one second main connector (131) connected with a pair of main conducting wires (141) to form a main conductor flat cable (151),

the second main connector (131) is electrically connected with the first connector (121) so as to conduct the electric power generated by the photovoltaic cell (10) to an inverter element (261).

10. The electrical connection assembly of claim 9, further comprising at least one secondary connector (191) connected to a pair of secondary wires (241) to form a secondary conductor buss (161).

11. The electrical connection assembly according to claim 9, wherein the main conductor bar (151) comprises a connection terminal (171) provided with at least one diode (251).

12. The electrical connection assembly according to claims 10 and 11, wherein at least one secondary connector (191) of the secondary conductor flex (161) is connected to a connection terminal (171) of the primary conductor flex (151).

13. The electrical connection assembly of claim 12, wherein the secondary conductor ribbon (161) is connected to the inverter element (261).

14. The electrical connection assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises a first main connector (121) for each photovoltaic cell (10) of a photovoltaic tile (20).

15. The electrical connection assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that it comprises a second main connector (131) electrically connected with each first main connector (121).

16. The electrical connection assembly according to claim 15, wherein each second main connector (131) is coated with a high dielectric strength, mechanical rigidity and thermally insulating polymer insulator.

17. The electrical connection assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one first main connector (121) is embedded in the back face (221) of the photovoltaic tile (20) and opposite the photovoltaic cell (10).

18. Photovoltaic tile (20), characterized in that it comprises an electrical connection assembly for photovoltaic tiles according to claims 10 to 17 and a plurality of encapsulated photovoltaic cells (19) according to claims 7 and 8.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a p-n type photovoltaic cell, which comprises components providing a solar protection function for reducing a thermal coefficient and further having better conductive efficiency. The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing such an encapsulated photovoltaic cell, to an electrical connection assembly for a photovoltaic tile which conducts the electricity generated by the photovoltaic tile to an inverter in a simple and safe manner, and to said photovoltaic tile comprising an encapsulated photovoltaic cell and an electrical connection assembly.

Background

Photovoltaic cells are devices made of semiconductor materials that convert solar radiation into electrical energy by the photoelectric effect. A photovoltaic tile is a building element for covering houses and buildings, which contains one or more photovoltaic cells.

There are a variety of photovoltaic cells known in the art. These photovoltaic cells differ in their materials of manufacture, the most common of which is crystalline silicon, although other more expensive and precious materials are also used to make photovoltaic cells, such as tin/indium Oxide (OEI) nanoparticles coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO).

Although photovoltaic cells are considered to be "clean" power generation devices and thus of great interest for their large-scale use, because they are made of semiconductor materials, two main factors limit their generally low energy efficiency: (i) the excess solar energy absorbed by these semiconductor materials, primarily the energy in the ultraviolet spectrum, which causes the cell temperature to rise, leads to reduced conductivity; (ii) the semiconductor material of the cell absorbs infrared in the form of solar radiation and cannot provide energy for conduction, only producing thermal conversion that increases the temperature of the cell and leads to a decrease in conductivity.

In order to solve the problem of low conductivity, many studies and developments have been made in this technical field.

In this respect, document BR 102012027389-6 describes a roman tile or a plan-style tile comprising photovoltaic crystalline silicon cells doped with phosphorus and encapsulated in their single-handle structure. The tile assembly includes, from top to bottom, a translucent resin layer, an Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) polymer, a photovoltaic cell, an EVA polymer as a backsheet layer, a tile, and a translucent resin.

In addition, Gao et al titled "photovoltaic response of a carotenoid sensitized electrode in aqueous solution: ITO coated with TiO2 nanoparticles, a blend of carotenoid and polyvinylcarbazole "for example, describes the treatment of tin/dielectric oxide semiconductors coated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (OEI/TiO2) with canthaxanthin-based carotenoid and [5] -carotene to increase the conductivity of these semiconductor materials. The mechanism of action of phytooids in such treatments is also described. In this case, the canthaxanthin molecules present in these semiconductors absorb solar radiation by forming energetic excitations. In this state, as the titanium dioxide optimizes its conductivity, its electrons transition to the conduction band of the tin/mediator oxide.

Furthermore, the article by Zhuang et al entitled "natural photosynthesis photovoltaic cells using a phytoene aggregate as electron donor and a chlorophyll derivative as electron acceptor" discloses treating tin/indium Oxide (OEI) and molybdenum (III) oxide (MoO3) photovoltaic cells or OEI/MoO3 with lycopene-based phytoene and chlorophyll pigments. The paper also describes the process of optimizing energy efficiency due to the presence of a carotenoid as an electron donor molecule and chlorophyll as an electron acceptor molecule. The presence of these molecules establishes a balance of hole and electron fluxes in these photovoltaic cells, thereby increasing their efficiency.

Muthusaamy, entitled "Sargassum circinelloides extract as a low-cost sensitizer for ZnO photoanode-based dye-sensitized solar cells", describes the use of seaweed extracts containing pigment mixtures (such as phytochrome, fucoxanthin, and chlorophyll) to increase the energy efficiency of a zinc oxide (ZnO) photoanode, a semiconductor. In this paper, the presence of these pigments increases the photovoltaic efficiency of this material.

Thus, it has been found in prior art studies that there are phytooids used in undoped photovoltaic cells, and pn-type photovoltaic cells (doped with p-type and n-type dopants), but that phytooids are not included in pn-type photovoltaic cells.

Furthermore, in the usual photovoltaic tiles and panels, the connections between them for conducting the generated electricity are made by photovoltaic cables which contain two types of protection, UVB resistance, i.e. resistance to the ultraviolet rays emitted from the sun, and fire resistance.

Furthermore, these known photovoltaic tiles and panels have a junction box mounted at the terminal end of the power conducting cables and a single-contact electrical connector, which, in each panel or tile, communicates the connection between the power output cables and the inverter.

Junction boxes are commonly used to house diodes that prevent reverse current flow. The connectors are arranged in series to avoid poor contact in the electrical connection. However, the use of conventional junction boxes and electrical connectors increases the cost of the roof tiles and photovoltaic panels and further complicates the manufacture and assembly of the roof.

Accordingly, architectural photovoltaic cells (e.g., tiles) have been developed for roof-top use that do not use electrical connectors at the cable terminals to conduct the electrical energy generated by such cells and do not use junction boxes.

For example, document BR 102012027389-6 describes a polymer composite tile provided with photovoltaic cells arranged on the body of the tile. The combined system of photovoltaic cells and roof tiles does not use junction boxes, with the aim of reducing the manufacturing costs and facilitating production. The electrical energy converted by the cells is thus conducted to the busbar strips between the photovoltaic cells, to which the electrical wiring harnesses are welded for connection and transmission of this electrical energy to the current inverter. Thus, the wiring harness is used to connect the power supply busbars of the photovoltaic cells in series, and finally the series of photovoltaic cells are connected to the inverter using the connectors.

In this solution, although the photovoltaic cell connector is no longer used, it is still necessary to use it to connect the wiring harness to the inverter. Furthermore, the connection of the wiring harness to the busbars of the photovoltaic cells is done by using soldering, which does not facilitate the mounting of the cover, since soldering is required and the final mounting of the product is not achieved.

Document WO 2008/137966 proposes a solution for a solar roof of reliable construction and low cost. In this document, the wiring is reduced, leaving cables only at the ends of each row of photovoltaic cells, and the junction box is eliminated. Furthermore, the electrical part of the roof tiles is assembled in such a way that the tiles are connected to each other, eventually by the rows of tiles, rather than by the individual connection of tiles by junction boxes and electrical connectors.

In the arrangement described in this document, the electrical connection is made by fitting the tabs of one tile to the tabs of an adjacent tile, so that the electrical connection is only made when the tiles are installed on the roof. The electrical wiring harness is built-in without connecting tiles, with one tile having a "male" connector and an adjacent tile having a "female" connector. When the mating tiles are closed, the electrical contacts are closed, eliminating the need for a junction box. This wiring is limited to the need for inverter connections at the ends of each row of tiles, but the document does not mention the use of connectors on each row of tiles to be connected to the inverter.

Thus, it can be seen that it is meaningful to simplify the electrical connections in the assembly of the photovoltaic tiles. In this sense, electrical simplification of the tiles is necessary, eliminating components that present cost and connection difficulties, but do not result in unsafe installations that may create electrical shock or fire risks.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is therefore directed to a pn-type photovoltaic cell containing p-type and n-type dopants and containing a component that provides a solar protection function and serves to reduce the thermal coefficient, so that the photovoltaic cell has an increased electrical conductivity and an increased efficiency in electrical conductivity, respectively.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing an encapsulated pn-type photovoltaic cell comprising a doping step that includes a component that provides solar protection to reduce the thermal coefficient and thereby increase the efficiency in the conductivity of the cell.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a photovoltaic tile that forms a single handle structure with the encapsulated photovoltaic cells to provide both roofing and power generation characteristics.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an assembly for electrical connection of photovoltaic tiles that is capable of conducting the electrical energy generated by a plurality of photovoltaic tiles to a current inverter in a simple and safe manner.

Another object of the invention is to provide a photovoltaic tile provided with an assembly for electrical connection of the photovoltaic tile.

Brief description of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a pn-type photovoltaic cell comprising a crystalline silicon structure coated with a conductive film formed from a p-type dopant solution and an n-type dopant solution, the p-type and n-type dopant solutions comprising a carotenoid component.

Another object of the invention is a process for manufacturing an encapsulated p-n type photovoltaic cell, comprising the steps of:

a) coating a plurality of crystalline silicon structures with a conductive film formed from p-type and n-type doping solutions comprising a carotenoid component to form a plurality of p-n type photovoltaic cells;

b) bonding a plurality of p-n type photovoltaic cells by soldering to form an assembly;

c) packaging the assembly to form a packaged photovoltaic cell;

d) and (6) electrically connecting.

The invention also aims at an assembly for the electrical connection of photovoltaic tiles having photovoltaic cells, the electrical connection assembly comprising: at least one first connector embedded in the photovoltaic tile and connected to an electrical busbar of at least one photovoltaic cell, and at least one second connector connected to a pair of wires, the second connector being electrically connected to the first connector so as to conduct electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic cell to an inverter element.

Further, an object of the invention is a photovoltaic tile comprising a plurality of encapsulated photovoltaic cells and an assembly for electrical connection of the photovoltaic tile.

Drawings

FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a p-n type photovoltaic cell of the present invention;

FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of a plurality of interconnected p-n type photovoltaic cells;

FIG. 2-is a perspective view of a photovoltaic tile of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a process for manufacturing the encapsulated photovoltaic cell of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of steps in a process of manufacturing an encapsulated photovoltaic cell, more particularly steps for coating a plurality of crystalline silicon structures with a conductive film;

FIG. 5-is an exploded schematic view of an encapsulated photovoltaic cell;

FIG. 6 is a top view of a photovoltaic tile having an electrical connection assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a bottom view of a photovoltaic tile having the electrical connection assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic tile having an electrical connection assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 8A-is a detailed view of a first connector of the electrical connection assembly embedded in a photovoltaic tile;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a main conductor cable of the electrical connection assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 9A is a detailed view of the main conductor of the electrical connection assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 10-is a perspective schematic view of a secondary wire of the electrical connection assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a bottom view of a plurality of tiles interconnected by an electrical connection assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a top view of a plurality of tiles interconnected by an electrical connection assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a plurality of tiles interconnected by an electrical connection assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection of the main conductor cable of the electrical connection assembly of the present invention;

fig. 15-is an electrical connection schematic of the secondary wire of the electrical connection assembly of the present invention.

Detailed Description

According to a preferred embodiment and as shown in fig. 1A and 1B, a pn-type photovoltaic cell 10 of the present invention comprises a crystalline silicon structure 11 coated with a conductive film 12, the conductive film 12 being formed from a p-type dopant solution and an n-type dopant solution.

The p-type and n-type dopant solutions contain a phytoene component as described in detail below in addition to the dopant element.

In this regard, the p-type dopant solution contains a dopant element from group 5A of the periodic table, preferably phosphorus, in an amount of 1.5 to 4 mass%. And the N-type dopant solution contains a dopant element from group 2A of the periodic table, preferably calcium, in an amount of 0.5 to 2 mass%.

The p-type and n-type dopant solutions further include isopropyl alcohol in an amount of 50 to 70 mass%, rosin resin in an amount of 15 to 30 mass%, cationic fluorocarbon surfactant in an amount of 0.5 to 2 mass%, liquid glycerin in an amount of 0.5 to 2.5 mass%, silver nitrate in an amount of 1.5 to 4 mass%.

Further, in order to form the conductive film 12, the p-type and n-type dopant solutions include carotenoid in an amount of 1 to 5 mass% in the respective solutions. Carotenoids are natural pigments, have a strong ability to absorb solar radiation, and can also act as uv filters. These phylloids are preferably selected from the group comprising bixin, norbixin, lycopene, canthaxanthin, fucoxanthin and beta-carotene.

A p-n type photovoltaic cell 10 will generate an electrical current when exposed to sunlight. The silicon atoms present in the crystalline silicon structure 11 have exactly four electrons in their outermost electron shells. The phosphorus present in the conductive film 12 has five electrons as an n-type doping element, so the phosphorus atom shares four electrons, leaving one electron that is not a covalent bond, but which is still attracted by the positive charge of the phosphorus nucleus. Thus, phosphorus electrons that do not belong to covalent bonds easily break loose their bonds to the phosphorus atomic nucleus, and low energy is sufficient to break loose. In this case, these electrons are considered to be free, and the n-type doping element doped crystalline silicon structure 11 present in the conductive film 12 now has an n-type electron shell.

In contrast, the outermost electron shell of calcium has two electrons, and thus, when a silicon atom is replaced, a "hole" will be formed, which will be defined as the absence of two negative charges, thereby forming a p-type electron shell.

The n-type and p-type electron shells are brought into contact, and electrons flow from the low electron concentration region to the high electron concentration region. When electrons leave the n-type side, positive charges accumulate at the p-n contact boundary, as well as negative charges on the p-type side. This charge imbalance created at the p-n junction boundary will create an electric field that will oppose the natural tendency of electrons to diffuse and holes, thereby reaching an equilibrium state.

The sunlight formed by the photons irradiates on the p-n type photovoltaic cell, and electron-hole pairs are formed instantly. Each photon, having sufficient energy to allow an electron to transit from one electron shell to another, will form an electron and a hole. Under these conditions, the generated electrons will jump to the n-type side and the holes will move to the p-type side, and this transition of electrons will form a current. Since the electric field of the battery forms a potential difference, it is possible to generate electric energy, which is the product of these two physical quantities.

Photons have an energy higher than the energy required to hop an electron from one electron shell to another, i.e., photons retain energy at higher frequencies near the ultraviolet region, and the excess energy they provide is converted to thermal energy. Also, a photon has an energy lower than that required to make an electron jump from one electron shell to another, i.e., a photon retains energy at a lower frequency near the optical infrared region, providing insufficient energy to release an electron from its orbit, with the result that the energy is converted into thermal energy.

In both cases, the heat generated causes a reduction in the efficiency of the p-n photovoltaic cell 10 and the crystalline silicon structure 11, and as the cell voltage decreases, the power it can generate also decreases.

The efficiency of the p-n type photovoltaic cell 10 is increased due to the presence of the phytooids in the p-type and conductive film type 12 doping solutions. This is because phytooids contribute to the absorption of sunlight and, in addition, they have a high capacity for absorbing solar radiation, especially ultraviolet radiation.

The carotenoid inhibits the generation of heat in the pn-type photovoltaic cell 10 by absorbing excess energy generated by the ultraviolet light, and also absorbs excess energy in the ultraviolet region, creating a new flux of electrons directed to the conduction bands of the pn-type photovoltaic cell. More specifically, electrons from the carotenoid molecule itself are transferred to a so-called conductive band, with an increase in current and an increase in electrical energy of the cell 10.

In order to have a photovoltaic system as shown in fig. 1A, it is necessary to construct an assembly consisting of a connection of a plurality of p-n type photovoltaic cells 10, the assembly being made by means of tin solder 13. To avoid problems in the welding region 13, the battery 10 needs to be free of impurities, especially in the interface region. Thus, the isopropyl alcohol added to the p-type and n-type dopant solutions is able to eliminate impurities that may interfere with the conductivity of cell 10 and completely remove residual water.

In addition, the rosin resin and glycerin act to uniformly distribute the solder. Thus, during soldering, tin flows freely into the parts to be soldered. On the other hand, silver nitrate is an excellent energy conductor, present in both p-type and n-type dopant solutions, to improve the energy performance of the cell 10 interface region.

Thus, the presence of the tin solder 13 at the junctions of the plurality of p-n type photovoltaic cells 10 provides electrical conductivity between the joined cells 10, e.g., avoiding electrically isolated regions that affect power generation.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for manufacturing encapsulated photovoltaic cells of the p-n10 type, as shown in figure 3. The process comprises the following steps:

a) coating a plurality of crystalline silicon structures 11 with a conductive film 12 formed from p-type and n-type doping solutions containing a carotenoid component to form a plurality of p-n type photovoltaic cells 10;

b) bonding a plurality of p-n type photovoltaic cells 10 by soldering 13 to form an assembly 15;

c) the assembly 15 is encapsulated to form an encapsulated photovoltaic cell 19;

d) and (6) electrically connecting.

a) Coating stage

The step of coating the plurality of crystalline silicon structures 11 with the conductive film 12 formed from p-type and n-type dopant solutions includes mixing 1 part rosin resin with 3 parts isopropyl alcohol to form mixture a, adding 1 part of a carotenoid to 16 parts mixture a to form a homogeneous mixture B, combining 1 part of a cationic fluorocarbon surfactant with 85 parts mixture B and 3 parts silver nitrate with 1 part of a cationic fluorocarbon surfactant to form mixture C, and adding 1 part glycerin to each 44 parts mixture C to form mixture D (fig. 4).

Once mixture D was formed, it was divided into equal parts of mixture D1 and mixture D2. For mixture D1, there was the step of adding 1 part phosphorus to 15 parts mixture D1 to form an n-type dopant solution. For mixture D2, there was the step of adding 1 part of calcium to 45 half of mixture D2 to form a p-type dopant solution.

Next, according to route 1 in FIG. 4, the crystalline silicon structure 11 is immersed in a p-type dopant solution and then in an n-type dopant solution. Alternatively, the crystalline silicon structure 11 may also be immersed in a solution of n-type dopants and then in a solution of p-type dopants, according to route 2 in FIG. 4. At the end of this step, a p-n type photovoltaic cell 10 is obtained, which is then sent to a final drying step to form a conductive film 12.

b) Step of connecting a plurality of p-n photovoltaic cells

In this step, a plurality of p-n type photovoltaic cells 10 are arranged in series to form a stack of at least 7 cells 10, which are connected together to form an assembly 15 (fig. 1B).

The joint is made by tin solder 13 in order to allow the joint area not to impair the electrical conductivity of the component 15.

c) Step of packaging the component

The formed assembly 15 is then encapsulated. Initially above the assembly 15, a first layer of EVA polymer 16 is provided to form the negative terminal, as shown in figure 5. Below the module 15 a second layer of EVA polymer 17 is provided, followed by a protective primer layer 18 of TPT (polyester based resin) material, forming the positive terminal.

After the layers are disposed above and below the assembly 15, packaging is performed, including placing the assembly in a vacuum in a lamination apparatus. Such encapsulation provides corrosion protection and water resistance.

Finally, the encapsulation assembly is resin coated, which includes applying a layer of resin, such as a semi-transparent epoxy, over the negative electrode member formed of the first layer of EVA polymer 16 to form the resin layer 14.

The product of this step is the encapsulated photovoltaic cell 19.

d) Electrical connection

The encapsulated photovoltaic cell 19 receives a junction box (not shown) on the outer surface of the protective underlayer 18. The junction box is designed to allow the packaged photovoltaic cell 19 to be connected to a current inverter (not shown) during operation. However, preferred embodiments of the electrical connection will be described in detail later.

Another object of the invention includes a photovoltaic tile 20, as shown in fig. 2. The photovoltaic tile 20 is preferably made of concrete or fiber cement, but may be made of other materials, such as ceramics and polymers, and houses a plurality of encapsulated photovoltaic cells 19 to form a photovoltaic system.

Photovoltaic tile 20 may have a corrugated shape comprising at least one corrugation 21 with at least one platform 22, a corrugated shape 21 without a platform present, or other various shapes. The encapsulated photovoltaic cell 19 is fixed to the roof tile 20, preferably by polyurethane glue, but other types of fixing means, such as adhesives, screws, rivets, etc., can be used, so that the encapsulated photovoltaic cell 19 and the photovoltaic tile 20 form a single handle with two functions: roofing and power generation. They therefore do not require fixing systems with aluminium profiles and additional structures to fix the photovoltaic system on the roof, the usual support structure or metal structure of the roof being sufficient, since the tiles used as roof already structurally comprise photovoltaic cells.

In particular, encapsulated photovoltaic cells 19 may be attached to a platform 22 of photovoltaic tile 20, to corrugations 21 of photovoltaic tile 20, to depressions (not shown) between two successive corrugations 21, to sidewalls of corrugations 21, or elsewhere on the surface of photovoltaic tile 20.

The photovoltaic tile 20 of the present invention solves the aesthetic and fixing problems of conventional photovoltaic panels, facilitates installation and maintenance on a roof, increases the durability of the roof, allows installation of photovoltaic systems in projects that limit the increase in roof weight, reduces the use of materials, and reduces the cost of photovoltaic systems.

Regarding the electrical connection, preferably and as shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8A, the electrical connection assembly for the photovoltaic tile 20 comprises embedding a first main connector 121 in the photovoltaic tile 20, in particular on the rear surface 221 of the photovoltaic tile 20 opposite the photovoltaic cells 10, wherein the electrical connection assembly comprises a first main connector 121 for each photovoltaic cell 10 of the photovoltaic tile 20.

As can be seen in fig. 8A, each first main connector 121 embedded in the rear surface 221 of the photovoltaic tile 20 is connected with an electrical busbar 101, 101' of the photovoltaic cell 10 attached to the front surface 211, so that the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic cell 10 is directed to the first main connector 121.

As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the electrical connection assembly preferably includes a plurality of second main connectors 131 connected to a pair of main conductive wires 141, forming a main conductor bus 151. Each of the second main connectors 131 is covered with a polymer insulator having high dielectric strength, mechanical rigidity, and thermal insulation.

More specifically and as can be seen in fig. 9 and 9A, a plurality of second main connectors 131 are connected to a pair of main conducting wires 141 at intervals, and the pitch between consecutive second main connectors 131 is identical to the pitch between consecutive first main connectors 121 embedded in the photovoltaic tile 20. Furthermore, the number of second main connectors 131 connected to the main conductor 141 forming the main conductor array 151 varies according to the number of photovoltaic tiles 20 interconnected in a row.

Accordingly, the wiring diagrams of fig. 9 and 14 show a plurality of second main connectors 131 which are connected at intervals to a pair of main conductive wires 141 forming a main conductor flat cable 151, the main conductor flat cable 151 including at its end a connection terminal 171 provided with at least one diode 251. The diode 251 functions to prevent a reverse current from occurring.

Each main conductor ribbon line 151 connects one row or row of photovoltaic tiles 20, each row or row of tiles 20 assembled and interconnected with the main conductor lines 151 leaving room at the ends of the lines of tiles 20, connection terminals 171, etc. from the assembly of the second main connector 131 to the first main connector 121.

The second main connector 131 is fitted and electrically connected to the first main connector 121 to conduct electric power generated by at least one photovoltaic cell 10 and received by the first main connector 121 to the connection terminals 171 through a pair of main conductive lines 141.

Fig. 10 and 15 in turn show at least one and preferably a plurality of secondary connectors 191 connected to a pair of secondary wires 241 forming a secondary conductor buss 161. The function of this secondary conductor track 161 is to connect a row or row of tiles 20 to an inverter element 261 or micro-inverter.

Thus, each secondary connector 191 of the secondary conductor buss 161 is associated or connected to a connection terminal 171 of the primary conductor buss 151, and the primary conductor buss 151 conducts electrical energy generated in the photovoltaic tile 20 to the inverter element 261.

In this respect, as can be seen in fig. 11, 12 and 13, the first main connector 121 is embedded in the photovoltaic tiles 20, without any exposed terminals or cables, ensuring the safety of these tiles 20, avoiding the risk of electric shocks. As described above, each first main connector 121 is embedded in the rear surface 221 of the photovoltaic tile 20 to receive the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic cell 10.

After the photovoltaic tiles 20 are mounted in rows or rows on the relative roof, the second main connectors 131 are fitted in rows to each first main connector 121 of the tiles 20, as shown in fig. 11.

Once the assembly of the plurality of rows constituting the desired cover is completed, the connection terminals 171 of the main conductor bar lines 151 are connected to the sub-connectors 191 of the secondary conductor bar lines 161, and the ends of the secondary conductor bar lines 161 are connected to the inverter elements 261.

Fig. 12 shows the same connections as those shown in fig. 11, but in a top view. In this case, it can be seen that the main conductor pairs of the main conductor bus 151 are protected by the tiles 20, and therefore they do not need to be made of uv-blocking material because they are not exposed to the sun, and the conduction between the tiles 20 is accomplished under the roof and is not affected by uv rays.

All connectors, whether primary or secondary, have 8mm terminals, supporting 70 amps of current. Furthermore, they are made of tin-plated brass, which is a very good electrical energy conducting material and has a strong corrosion resistance.

The connection of the first main conductor 121 and the second main conductor 131 has claws on the first main conductor 121 in addition to claws on the sleeve of the second main conductor 131 to prevent wire breakage and poor contact, prevent electric arcs and eliminate fire risks.

The electrical connection assembly of the present invention, which is intended to use the photovoltaic tile 20 in the installation of the photovoltaic tile 20, has the utility of making the electrical connection impossible to make a mistake, i.e. sufficient to install the tile 20 in the desired roof space, the connection or plug of the second main conductor 131 in the first main conductor 121 and the connection or plug of the secondary connector 191 of the secondary conductor rowline 161 in the connection terminal 171, sufficient for the photovoltaic tile 20 to function and to obtain the electrical energy it generates in a satisfactory manner.

Another object of the present invention is a photovoltaic tile 20 comprising an electrical connection assembly for the above photovoltaic tile 20.

Thus, the photovoltaic tile 20 is installed containing the electrical connection assembly for the photovoltaic tile 20 without the use of components such as MC4 type terminals and junction boxes, which are widely used for this type of connection, although this does not make the electrical connection of the tile 20 unsafe because the electrical connection means prevent the formation of electrical arcs, poor contacts and electric shocks. Meanwhile, the fire hazard is eliminated.

Another advantage of the electrical connection assembly for the photovoltaic tile 20 is the simplicity of the electrical connection, eliminating the need for specialized workers for installing the tile 20 and the electrical connection assembly.

Having described examples of preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention includes other possible variations, including possible equivalent variations, which are limited only by the contents of the appended claims.