阅读说明：本技术 一种深松联合整地机及作业方法 (Deep-loosening combined soil preparation machine and operation method ) 是由 向洪鑫 朱海涛 王林峰 陈广 陈少良 于 2021-07-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种深松联合整地机及作业方法,所述深松联合整地机包括牵引架、齿架梁、深松齿组件、耙组和镇压辊,所述牵引架与所述齿架梁连接,所述深松齿组件悬挂在所述齿架梁下端,所述耙组包括耙组横梁和耙片,所述镇压辊包括镇压辊横梁和悬挂在所述镇压辊横梁下端的镇压辊,所述耙组位于所述镇压辊前端,所述耙组横梁和所述镇压辊横梁通过同一限深调平机构与所述齿架梁连接。能够同步调节深松齿组件和耙组的作业深度,而且在同步调节深松齿组件和耙组的作业深度的基础上,还能单独对耙组的作业深度做进一步调整。(The invention discloses a deep scarification combined soil preparation machine and an operation method, wherein the deep scarification combined soil preparation machine comprises a traction frame, a tooth frame beam, a deep scarification tooth assembly, a rake group and a press roll, the traction frame is connected with the tooth frame beam, the deep scarification tooth assembly is hung at the lower end of the tooth frame beam, the rake group comprises a rake group cross beam and a rake blade, the press roll comprises a press roll cross beam and a press roll hung at the lower end of the press roll cross beam, the rake group is positioned at the front end of the press roll, and the rake group cross beam and the press roll cross beam are connected with the tooth frame beam through the same depth-limiting leveling mechanism. The operation depth of the deep scarification tooth assembly and the rake group can be synchronously adjusted, and the operation depth of the rake group can be further adjusted independently on the basis of synchronously adjusting the operation depth of the deep scarification tooth assembly and the rake group.)

1. The utility model provides a soil preparation machine is united to dark pine, includes traction frame, rack roof beam, dark pine tooth subassembly, harrow group and compression roller, the traction frame with the rack roof beam is connected, dark pine tooth subassembly hangs rack roof beam lower extreme, the harrow group includes harrow group crossbeam and rake, the compression roller includes the compression roller crossbeam and hangs the compression roller of compression roller crossbeam lower extreme, the harrow group is located compression roller front end, its characterized in that: the harrow group beam and the press roll beam are connected with the tooth rack beam through the same depth-limiting leveling mechanism.

2. A subsoiling combined soil preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the depth-limiting leveling mechanism comprises a first connecting frame arm, a connecting frame rod, a connecting rod plate and a second connecting frame arm, wherein the connecting rod, the connecting frame rod, the connecting rod plate and the second connecting frame arm are positioned on the same side of the first connecting frame arm; the connecting rod plate is connected with the first length adjusting structure in an end-to-end rotating manner, the head end of the second connecting rod arm is connected with the first connecting rod arm in a rotating manner, the tail end of the first length adjusting structure is connected with the main body part of the second connecting rod arm in a rotating manner, the main body part of the connecting rod plate is connected with the first connecting rod arm in a rotating manner, and the main body part of the first connecting rod arm is connected with the second length adjusting structure; the head end of the first connecting arm is directly or indirectly connected with the toothed beam frame, the head end of the connecting rod is directly or indirectly connected with the toothed beam frame, one end, far away from the first connecting arm, of the second length adjusting structure is directly or indirectly connected with the toothed beam frame, the tail end of the first connecting arm is connected with the pressing roller cross beam, and the tail end of the second connecting arm is connected with the rake group cross beam.

3. A subsoiling combined soil preparation machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first length adjusting structure comprises an oil cylinder or an adjusting pull rod; the second length adjustment structure includes an oil cylinder.

4. A subsoiling combined soil preparation machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the deep loosening tooth assemblies are arranged into at least 2 rows, and the deep loosening tooth assemblies positioned on the front row and the rear row are arranged in a staggered mode.

5. A subsoiling combined soil preparation machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the rake groups are arranged in at least one row, each rake group comprises a rake blade with a concave surface facing outwards and a rake blade with a concave surface facing inwards, and the concave surfaces of adjacent rake blades face oppositely.

6. A subsoiling combined soil preparation machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the deep loosening tooth assembly comprises a deep loosening arm, an overload protection arm, a fixed seat, fixed seat joint plates symmetrically arranged on the fixed seat, and a turnover seat rotatably connected with the upper end of each fixed seat joint plate; the lower end of the deep loosening arm is connected with deep loosening teeth, the upper end of the deep loosening arm is connected with the overload protection arm, one end of the overload protection arm is rotatably connected with the lower end of the fixed seat joint plate, the other end of the overload protection arm is connected with the overturning seat through a first overload protection device, and the fixed seat is connected with the tooth beam frame; the deep scarification arm is connected with the overload protection arm through a second overload protection device.

7. Combined subsoiling machine for soil preparation according to claim 6, characterized in that: the first overload protection device comprises a connecting piece, the connecting piece is connected with the overload protection arm and the turnover seat, a spring for overload protection is sleeved on the connecting piece, and the overload protection arm can slide along the connecting piece.

8. Combined subsoiling machine for soil preparation according to claim 6, characterized in that: the second overload protection device comprises at least one shear bolt.

9. An operation method of a deep scarification combined soil preparation machine comprises the following steps: subsoiling tooth subassembly carries out the subsoiling to soil, and the harrow group mixes the bits of broken glass to clod and remaining straw, and the compression roller carries out soil moisture conservation, its characterized in that to soil: the working depth of the rake group and the subsoiler tooth assembly may be adjusted simultaneously.

Technical Field

The invention relates to agricultural soil preparation machines, in particular to a deep-loosening combined soil preparation machine and an operation method.

Background

The soil structure is composed of an organic layer, a surface soil layer, a core soil layer, a weathering mother layer and a basal rock layer, wherein the organic layer and the surface soil layer are commonly-described cultivated layers, are rich in a large amount of organic matters, microorganisms, earthworms and the like, provide sufficient air, moisture and nutrients for the growth of crops, and simultaneously adjust the acid-base property of the soil. The healthy, stable and reasonable soil structure can maintain the stability of the ecological system per se for a long time, and is a powerful guarantee for increasing the yield and the efficiency.

Compared with the traditional soil turning operation, the protective farming mode of organically combining the breaking mixing and the deep scarification is more favorable for breeding earthworms, microorganisms and the like in the soil, loosening the soil, increasing the organic layer of the soil and keeping the stable soil structure. The plough bottom layer and the straw layer are easy to generate in long-term plowing operation, and a large amount of straws are buried underground in a plowing mode and are not easy to rot, so that the root system development of crops is influenced. The deep scarification soil preparation operation can effectively break the plough bottom layer, thicken the plough layer, increase the water permeability and the air permeability of the soil, enhance the absorption speed and the storage capacity of the soil to rainfall and form a soil structure with both deficiency and excess.

In addition, the soil turning operation easily causes a great amount of water and soil loss, and the crushing and mixing operation can cover the soil surface with straws, so that water and soil moisture are preserved. In recent years, the country has advocated returning straws to the field and preparing soil deeply. No matter the soil preparation operation after harvesting in autumn or the seedbed preparation before sowing in spring, a deep-loosening combined soil preparation machine is adopted, and through two operation modes of crushing and mixing straws for returning to the field and deep loosening and soil preparation, the method can not only meet the call of the corresponding national policy, but also does not damage the soil structure, prevents wind and fixes soil, resists drought and prevents waterlogging.

The combined deep-loosening soil preparation machine comprises a rack beam positioned at the front end, a deep-loosening tooth assembly hung on the rack beam, a rake group and a compression roller, wherein the rake group is positioned at the rear end of the deep-loosening tooth assembly, and the compression roller is positioned at the rear end of the rake group; in the operation process of the deep scarification combined soil preparation machine, after the working depth of the deep scarification tooth assembly is adjusted, the depth of the rake group needs to be correspondingly adjusted, so that the adjustment operation is complex.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a subsoiling combined land preparation machine which can synchronously adjust the working depth of a subsoiling tooth assembly and a rake group, and can further adjust the working depth of the rake group independently on the basis of synchronously adjusting the working depth of the subsoiling tooth assembly and the rake group, wherein the adopted technical scheme is as follows:

the utility model provides a soil preparation machine is united to dark pine, includes traction frame, rack roof beam, dark pine tooth subassembly, harrow group and compression roller, the traction frame with the rack roof beam is connected, dark pine tooth subassembly hangs rack roof beam lower extreme, harrow group includes harrow group crossbeam and rake piece, the compression roller includes the compression roller crossbeam and hangs the compression roller of compression roller crossbeam lower extreme, harrow group is located the compression roller front end, harrow group crossbeam with the compression roller crossbeam through same limit dark leveling mechanism with the rack roof beam is connected.

Preferably, the depth-limiting leveling mechanism comprises a first link arm, a link plate and a second link arm, wherein the link arm, the link plate and the second link arm are positioned on the same side of the first link arm; the connecting rod plate is connected with the first length adjusting structure in an end-to-end rotating manner, the head end of the second connecting rod arm is connected with the first connecting rod arm in a rotating manner, the tail end of the first length adjusting structure is connected with the main body part of the second connecting rod arm in a rotating manner, the main body part of the connecting rod plate is connected with the first connecting rod arm in a rotating manner, and the main body part of the first connecting rod arm is connected with the second length adjusting structure; the head end of the first connecting arm is directly or indirectly connected with the toothed beam frame, the head end of the connecting rod is directly or indirectly connected with the toothed beam frame, one end, far away from the first connecting arm, of the second length adjusting structure is directly or indirectly connected with the toothed beam frame, the tail end of the first connecting arm is connected with the pressing roller cross beam, and the tail end of the second connecting arm is connected with the rake group cross beam.

Preferably, the first length adjusting structure comprises an oil cylinder or an adjusting pull rod; the second length adjustment structure includes an oil cylinder.

The arrangement of the deep loosening tooth assemblies is optimized, the deep loosening tooth assemblies are arranged into at least 2 rows, and the deep loosening tooth assemblies positioned in the front row and the rear row are arranged in a staggered mode; preferably, the deep loosening tooth assemblies are arranged in 3 rows, the distance between every two adjacent deep loosening tooth assemblies in the same row is large, the trafficability characteristic is good, and power is saved; the dark loose tooth subassembly dislocation set of front and back row to guarantee can fully to loosen the soil the operation, avoid omitting the operation.

Preferably, the rake groups are arranged in at least one row, each rake group comprises a rake blade with a concave surface facing outwards and a rake blade with a concave surface facing inwards, and the concave surfaces of adjacent rake blades face oppositely; the harrow pieces are used for soil blocks and crushing residual straws, so that the straws are fully mixed with soil, and the effects of preventing wind and fixing soil, and preserving water and moisture are achieved; the adjacent harrow pieces are arranged in a reverse manner, so that the lateral traction force is reduced, the power is exerted more fully, and the oil consumption is reduced.

The deep loosening tooth assembly preferably has an overload protection function, and further preferably comprises a deep loosening arm, an overload protection arm, a fixed seat, fixed seat joint plates symmetrically arranged on the fixed seat, and a turnover seat rotatably connected with the upper end of the fixed seat joint plate; the lower end of the deep loosening arm is connected with deep loosening teeth, the upper end of the deep loosening arm is connected with the overload protection arm, one end of the overload protection arm is rotatably connected with the lower end of the fixed seat joint plate, the other end of the overload protection arm is connected with the overturning seat through a first overload protection device, and the fixed seat is connected with the tooth beam frame; the deep scarification arm is connected with the overload protection arm through a second overload protection device.

Further preferably, the first overload protection device comprises a connecting piece, the connecting piece is connected with the overload protection arm and the turnover seat, the connecting piece is sleeved with a spring for overload protection, and the overload protection arm can slide along the connecting piece. Still further preferably, the connector comprises a hexagon head bolt.

Preferably, the second overload protection device comprises at least one shear bolt.

The invention also provides an operation method of the deep scarification combined soil preparation machine, which comprises the following steps: subsoiling tooth subassembly carries out the subsoiling to soil, and the harrow group mixes the bits of broken glass to clod and remaining straw, and the compression roller carries out soil moisture conservation to soil, can the synchronization regulation the harrow group with the operation degree of depth of subsoiling tooth subassembly.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) when the soil penetration depth of the press roller, the rake group and the deep scarification tooth assembly is adjusted upwards through the second length adjusting structure, the soil penetration depth of the press roller, the rake group and the deep scarification tooth assembly is adjusted downwards through the second length adjusting structure; through the first length adjusting structure, the operation depth of the harrow groups can be independently adjusted, so that the height difference between the harrow groups and the deep scarification tooth assembly can be adjusted; when the operating depth of the deep scarification tooth assembly is adjusted through the second length adjusting structure, the operating depth of the rake group can be changed synchronously with the operating depth of the deep scarification tooth assembly, so that the secondary adjusting time of the operating depth of the rake group is saved;

2) when meeting obstacles such as stones and the like, the overload protection spring provides a lifting distance with the height of 350mm at most; the return spring can enable the deep loosening teeth to quickly return after being lifted to avoid the obstacle, so that the operation depth is ensured to be stable; when the size of the obstacle exceeds 350mm and the load is overlarge, the shear bolts in the arms are loosened deeply, so that double protection is achieved, and the service life of the whole structure is prolonged.

3) Adjacent blades in the rake group are arranged oppositely, so that the lateral traction force is reduced, the power is exerted more fully, and the oil consumption is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a subsoiling combined soil preparation machine according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a front view of the depth-limiting leveling mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the subsoiler assembly of the present invention in a schematic configuration;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view in perspective of a subsoiler tooth assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a dynamic schematic diagram of the deep scarification tooth assembly of the present invention in a protective function;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a front view of a rake group according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the top view of fig. 7.

In the figure: 1. traction frame, 2, tooth frame beam, 3, deep loosening tooth assembly, 301, deep loosening arm, 302, deep loosening tooth, 303, overload protection arm, 304, fixing seat, 305, fixing seat joint plate, 306, overturning seat, 307, protection spring, 308, shearing bolt, 309, spring limiting column, 3010, hexagon head bolt, 3011, spring stop seat, 3012, step end face of overturning seat, 4, harrow group, 5, press roller, 6, depth limiting leveling mechanism, 601, connecting rod, 602, connecting rod plate, 603, first connecting rod, 604, adjusting pull rod, 605, second connecting rod, 60501, second connecting rod head end, 60502, second connecting rod tail end, 606, harrow group, 607, hoop, 608, oil cylinder, 609 and press roller.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1, the combined subsoiling machine of the present invention is further described, and the combined subsoiling machine includes a traction frame 1, a truss beam 2, a subsoiling tooth assembly 3, a rake group 4 and a press roll 5, wherein the traction frame 1 is connected to the truss beam 2, the subsoiling tooth assembly 3 is suspended at the lower end of the truss beam 2, the rake group 4 includes a rake beam and a rake blade, the press roll 5 includes a press roll beam and a press roll suspended at the lower end of the press roll beam, the rake group 4 is located at the front end of the press roll 5, and the rake beam and the press roll beam are connected to the truss beam 2 through a same depth-limiting leveling mechanism 6.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, to further describe the depth-limiting leveling mechanism of the present invention, the depth-limiting leveling mechanism 6 includes a first link arm 603, a link arm 601 located on the same side of the first link arm 603, a link plate 602, and a second link arm 605, where the link plate 602 and the second link arm 605 are connected by an adjusting pull rod 604; the link 601, the link plate 602 and the adjusting rod 604 are connected end to end in a rotating manner, the head end 60501 of the second link arm is connected with the first link arm 603 in a rotating manner, the tail end of the adjusting rod is connected with the main body part of the second link arm 605 in a rotating manner, the main body part of the link plate 602 is connected with the first link arm 603 in a rotating manner, and the main body part of the first link arm 603 is connected with an oil cylinder 608; the head end of the first link arm 603 is indirectly connected with the dental beam frame 2, the head end of the link arm 601 is indirectly connected with the dental beam frame 2, one end of the oil cylinder 608, which is far away from the first link arm, is indirectly connected with the dental beam frame 2, the tail end of the first link arm is connected with the compression roller beam, and the tail end of the second link arm is connected with the rake group beam.

Referring to fig. 1, 7 and 8, the rake groups are arranged in 1 row and comprise blades with concave sides facing outwards and blades with concave sides facing inwards, the concave sides of adjacent blades facing oppositely. Two harrow pieces with opposite concave surfaces are connected with the harrow group cross beam through the same harrow leg, so that the large space between the harrow pieces is ensured, and the passing performance is good.

Referring to fig. 1, 3 to 6, the subsoiler tooth assembly of the present invention is further illustrated, wherein the subsoiler tooth assemblies 3 are arranged in 3 rows, and the subsoiler tooth assemblies located in the front and rear rows are arranged in a staggered manner; the device comprises a deep loosening arm 301, an overload protection arm 303, a fixed seat 304, fixed seat joint plates 305 symmetrically arranged on the fixed seat 304, and a turning seat 306 rotatably connected with the upper ends of the fixed seat joint plates 305; the lower end of the deep scarification arm 301 is connected with deep scarification teeth 302, the upper end of the deep scarification arm 301 is connected with the overload protection arm 303, one end of the overload protection arm 303 is rotatably connected with the lower end of the fixed seat joint plate 305, the other end of the overload protection arm 303 is connected with the turnover seat 306 through a first overload protection device, and the fixed seat 304 is connected with the rack beam 2; the subsoiling arm 301 is connected to the overload protection arm 303 via a second overload protection.

The first overload protection device comprises a connecting piece, the connecting piece can be a hexagonal head bolt 3010 or other connecting pieces, the connecting piece is used for connecting the overload protection arm 303 and the overturning seat 306, and the overload protection arm 303 can slide along the connecting piece.

In this embodiment, the connecting member is a hexagon head bolt 3010, the hexagon head bolt 3010 is used to connect the overload protection arm 303 and the flipping base 306, the hexagon head bolt 3010 is sleeved with a spring limiting column 309 and a protection spring 307, the spring limiting column 309 is used to prevent the spring from being compressed to the limit, and the overload protection arm 303 can slide along the hexagon head bolt 3010 (as shown in fig. 6).

Referring to fig. 4, protection spring 307 is double spring, double spring includes outer spring and inner spring, is located overload protection arm 303 with hexagonal head bolt 3010 between upset seat 306 is close to overload protection arm one end is equipped with notch cuttype spring backstop seat 3011, upset seat 306 is equipped with the ladder terminal surface 3012 of the backstop spring of being convenient for.

The main body of the overload protection arm 303 needs to be connected with a deep scarification arm, two ends of the overload protection arm 303 need to be connected with a fixed seat joint plate and a first overload protection device, and the shape of the overload protection arm 303 can be selected from an arc shape or an L shape.

Referring to fig. 6, when encountering an obstacle such as a stone, the protection spring provides a lifting distance with a maximum height H of 350 mm; after avoiding the obstacle, the protection spring allows the deep loosening teeth 302 to reset rapidly, ensuring stable operation depth. When the size and the load of the obstacle are overlarge, the deep loosening teeth are lifted to the maximum height and can not avoid the obstacle, the shearing bolts 308 in the deep loosening arms 301 are broken, a double protection effect is achieved, and the service life of the whole structure is prolonged.