阅读说明：本技术 一种茯苓栽培用混合土壤、茯苓栽培方法 (Mixed soil for cultivating poria cocos and poria cocos cultivation method ) 是由 尹立伟 杨春成 周多奇 武琳 黄祝 宋晓贺 杨仕飞 朱晨晨 王玥 李嘉瑛 于 2021-09-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种茯苓栽培用混合土壤,混合土壤的pH为4-6.5,其原料包括：砂土和附加物,其中,附加物为粉碎的松树附属物或厩肥。本发明还公开了一种茯苓栽培方法,包括如下步骤：将接种茯苓菌的松木段放置在上述茯苓栽培用混合土壤层上；然后用上述茯苓栽培用混合土壤或黄砂土覆盖松木段；调节温度和相对湿度进行生长结苓。本发明所述混合土壤的原料廉价易得,且所得茯苓菌核的外皮呈白色,改善菌核外观,提高茯苓品质；茯苓生产周期结束后,替换混合土壤可以避免连作问题；且本发明栽培方法可以实现工厂化栽培,避免气候等因素的干扰。(The invention discloses mixed soil for cultivating poria cocos, wherein the pH value of the mixed soil is 4-6.5, and the mixed soil comprises the following raw materials: sandy soil and additives, wherein the additives are crushed pine tree attachments or stable manure. The invention also discloses a poria cocos cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: placing the pine segments inoculated with Poria cocos bacteria on the mixed soil layer for Poria cocos cultivation; then covering pine segments with the mixed soil or yellow sandy soil for cultivating the poria; regulating temperature and relative humidity to grow nodularity. The raw materials of the mixed soil are cheap and easy to obtain, and the outer skin of the sclerotium of the poria cocos is white, so that the appearance of the sclerotium is improved, and the quality of the poria cocos is improved; after the production period of the poria cocos is finished, the mixed soil is replaced, so that the problem of continuous cropping can be avoided; the cultivation method can realize industrial cultivation and avoid the interference of factors such as climate and the like.)

1. The mixed soil for cultivating the poria cocos is characterized in that the pH value of the mixed soil is 4-6.5, and the mixed soil comprises the following raw materials: sandy soil and additives, wherein the additives are crushed pine tree attachments or stable manure.

2. The mixed soil for cultivating Poria cocos as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the sandy soil to the additive is 1: 0.5-1.

3. The mixed soil for cultivating Poria cocos according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pine attachment is at least one of pine sawdust, pine cone, pine needle, pine branch, pine wood block, and pine root.

4. The mixed soil for cultivating Poria cocos according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the water content of the additive is 10-20%; preferably, the moisture content of the sandy soil is 30-40%.

5. The mixed soil for cultivating Poria cocos according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pH is adjusted with at least one of slaked lime, wood ash, sulfur, aluminum sulfate, and additives.

6. The mixed soil for cultivating Poria cocos according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sandy soil is yellow sandy soil.

7. The poria cocos cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

placing the poria-inoculated pine wood pieces on the mixed soil layer for cultivation of poria as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6; then covering the pine segments with the mixed soil or yellow sand soil for cultivating Poria cocos according to any one of claims 1-6; regulating temperature and relative humidity to grow nodularity.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the thickness of the mixed soil layer for cultivating Poria cocos is 5-10 cm.

9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the thickness of the covering layer is 5-10 cm.

10. The method of any one of claims 7-9, wherein the poria cocos wolf is grown at a temperature of 28-32 ℃ and a relative humidity of 60-70%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of poria cocos, and particularly relates to mixed soil for cultivating poria cocos and a poria cocos cultivation method.

Background

The tuckahoe has nutrition and nourishing value, can calm the nerves and prolong life after being eaten frequently, is one of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in China, and simultaneously, the tuckahoe fungus is also an important pine material rotten fungus. With the rapid growth and development of the tuckahoe industry, the planting area is continuously enlarged.

At present, the traditional poria cultivation method takes masson pine segments as a main raw material, the masson pine segments are inoculated with poria and then buried in soil, and poria cocos grows to obtain poria cocos sclerotia. However, the sclerotium and the outer skin of the tuckahoe obtained by the traditional tuckahoe cultivation method are usually black or dark brown and contain silt, the appearance is not good, and the outer skin needs to be removed when the tuckahoe is used; there is also a problem of continuous cropping, resulting in low yield of Poria cocos. In addition, the traditional poria cultivation method using masson pine segments as main raw materials has limitations on the cultivation mode, cultivation time and the like of poria, and is difficult to realize standardized, normalized and large-scale industrial cultivation, and the poria quality is not high.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides the mixed soil for cultivating the poria cocos and the poria cocos cultivation method, the raw materials of the mixed soil are cheap and easy to obtain, the outer skin of the obtained poria cocos sclerotia is white, the sclerotia appearance is improved, and the poria cocos quality is improved; after the production period of the poria cocos is finished, the mixed soil is replaced, so that the problem of continuous cropping can be avoided; the cultivation method can realize industrial cultivation and avoid the interference of factors such as climate and the like.

The invention provides mixed soil for cultivating poria cocos, wherein the pH value of the mixed soil is 4-6.5, and the mixed soil comprises the following raw materials: sandy soil and additives, wherein the additives are crushed pine tree attachments or stable manure.

Animal manure is also called ring manure and hurdle manure, and is manure which is formed by taking livestock manure as a main material and mixing various gasket materials for accumulation and decomposition; the gasket material can be straw, weeds, fallen leaves, peat, dry soil and the like. Building manure in a ring and building manure outside the ring; the in-loop accumulation is formed by directly scattering a gasket material into a colony house to absorb excrement and urine, and accumulating and decomposing; the outside-pen accumulation is to clear the livestock manure out of the pen and accumulate and thoroughly decompose the livestock manure and the gasket material layer by layer; the manure is preferably stable manure of a pigsty.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the sandy soil to the additive is 1: 0.5-1.

Preferably, the pine attachment is at least one of pine sawdust, pine cone, pine needle, pine branch, pine wood block, and pine root.

The pine attachment may be Pinus massoniana, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus densiflora, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus armandii, etc.

Preferably, the water content of the supplement is 10-20%.

Preferably, the moisture content of the sandy soil is 30-40%.

Preferably, the pH is adjusted with at least one of slaked lime, wood ash, sulphur, aluminium sulphate, addenda.

When the soil is too strong in acidity and the pH value is to be increased, slaked lime (commonly known as calcium hydroxide) and wood ash can be used for adjusting the pH value; the mixed soil layer with thickness of 10-20cm is common, and the addition amount of hydrated lime is about 0.5kg/m²(ii) a When the pH is to be lowered, the pH can be adjusted with additives, sulfur, aluminum sulfate.

Preferably, the sandy soil is yellow sandy soil.

The invention also discloses a poria cocos cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:

placing the pine segments inoculated with Poria cocos bacteria on the mixed soil layer for Poria cocos cultivation; then covering pine segments with the mixed soil or yellow sandy soil for cultivating the poria; regulating temperature and relative humidity to grow nodularity.

In the above Poria cultivation method, the pine of the pine tree segment can be Pinus massoniana, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus densiflora, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus armandii, etc.; the pine wood segments may also be compressed from pine tree appendages.

Preferably, the thickness of the mixed soil layer for cultivating Poria cocos is 5-10 cm.

Preferably, the thickness of the cover is 5-10 cm.

Preferably, the temperature is adjusted to 28-32 deg.C and relative humidity is adjusted to 60-70% to grow nodularity.

In the above Poria cultivation method, sand layer (preferably 10-20cm in thickness) and waterproof membrane can be sequentially laid under the mixed soil layer for Poria cultivation, or waterproof membrane can be directly laid under the mixed soil layer for Poria cultivation; the waterproof membrane can prevent the invasion of ground moisture from influencing the growth of the tuckahoe.

The waterproof membrane can be an anti-seepage waterproof membrane HDPE geomembrane, PE thickening transparent plastic film waterproof cloth and the like.

The strain of Poria cocos of the present invention may be Poria cocos (Wolfiporia cocos)5.78, Poria cocos (Wolfiporia cocos) YX1, etc.

Poria cocos (Wolfiporia cocos)5.78 is preserved in China academy of sciences microbial culture Collection management center (CGMCC), and Poria cocos (Wolfiporia cocos)5.78 is a strain commonly used by Poria farmers cultivated in China.

Poria cocos (Wolfiporia cocos) YX1 is preserved in China center for type culture Collection with the preservation number of CCTCCNO: m2021434.

The indoor cultivation of Poria can be managed by adopting standardized GAP planting method of medicinal fungi.

Has the advantages that:

1. the invention selects sand and additive to be matched with each other to obtain mixed soil, and the pine section inoculated with Poria cocos is coated with the mixed soil; or the mixed soil is arranged at the lower layer of the pine wood section inoculated with the poria cocos, and the yellow sandy soil is covered at the upper layer of the pine wood section, so that the nutrients can be provided for the growth of the poria cocos, the quality of the poria cocos is improved, the sclerotium of the poria cocos is white, no sediment is mixed in the sclerotium, the appearance and the quality of the sclerotium are improved, and the outer skin does not need to be removed when the poria cocos nucellar is used; after the production period of the poria cocos is finished, mixed soil can be replaced, and the problem of continuous cropping is avoided; and the raw materials of the mixed soil are cheap and easy to obtain.

2. The traditional pine tree section cultivation method is generally that the pine tree section is inoculated with sclerotium and placed in a cellar in 4-5 months, 2 poria cocos crops are picked in one year, the inoculation, cultivation and the like are limited by climate, temperature and time, industrialization is difficult to realize, and the yield is easily interfered by factors such as external climate and the like. The invention can realize indoor cultivation and continuous cultivation, and the inoculation and cultivation are not limited by climate, temperature and time, so that the factory cultivation can be realized, and the interference of factors such as climate and the like can be avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a picture of the formation of the poria cocos in example 3.

FIG. 2 is a picture of the poria cocos knot of example 4.

FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the formation of the cells in comparative example 1.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.

Example 1

A mixed soil for cultivating Poria cocos comprises the following raw materials: sandy soil with the water content of 40% and pine sawdust with the water content of 10%, wherein the weight ratio of the sandy soil to the pine sawdust is 1: 1; adding slaked lime, mixing, standing for 2-3 days, and detecting the pH of the mixed soil to be 6.0-6.5 by using pH test paper.

The pine sawdust can be replaced by crushed pine attachments such as pine cone, pine needle, pine branch, pine wood block, pine root, etc.

Example 2

A mixed soil for cultivating Poria cocos comprises the following raw materials: sandy soil with the water content of 30 percent and pigsty manure with the water content of 20 percent, wherein the weight ratio of the sandy soil to the pigsty manure is 1: 0.5; adding slaked lime, mixing, standing for 2-3 days, and detecting the pH of the mixed soil to be 4.0-5.0 by using pH test paper.

Example 3

A Poria cultivation method comprises the following steps:

selecting an indoor cultivation field of 20m²(longitudinal 5m is multiplied by transverse 4m), the soil quality of the last-batch cultivated tuckahoe is completely changed, PE thickened transparent plastic film waterproof cloth is paved, then a yellow sand soil layer with the thickness of 20cm is paved on the waterproof cloth, and then the mixed soil layer of the embodiment 1 with the thickness of 5cm is paved;

selecting pine segments with diameter of more than or equal to 9cm and length of about 60cm, cutting off partial envelopes, drying in the sun for standby, then inoculating 400g of inoculum size of Poria cocos (Wolfiporia cocos) YX1 sclerotium per 6kg of pine segments, and inoculating Poria cocos at one end of the pine segments; then placing the inoculated pine segments on a mixed soil layer; covering pine segments with the mixed soil of the embodiment 1, wherein the covering thickness is 5 cm; regulating temperature to 28-32 deg.C and relative humidity to 60-70% to grow nodularity.

The pine wood segments can be replaced by pine wood segments compressed from pine appendages.

Example 4

A Poria cultivation method comprises the following steps:

selecting an indoor cultivation field of 20m²(longitudinal 5m is multiplied by transverse 4m), the soil quality of the last-batch cultivated tuckahoe is completely changed, PE thickened transparent plastic film waterproof cloth is paved, then a yellow sand soil layer with the thickness of 10cm is paved on the waterproof cloth, and then the mixed soil layer of the embodiment 2 with the thickness of 10cm is paved;

selecting pine segments with diameter of more than or equal to 9cm and length of about 60cm, cutting off partial envelopes, drying in the sun for standby, then inoculating 400g of Poria cocos (Wolfiporia cocos)5.78 inoculum size of sclerotium per 6kg of pine segments, and inoculating Poria cocos at one end of the pine segments; then placing the inoculated pine segments on a mixed soil layer; covering the pine segments with yellow sand soil, wherein the covering thickness is 10 cm; regulating temperature to 28-32 deg.C and relative humidity to 60-70% to grow nodularity.

Comparative example 1

The traditional pine wood section cultivation method comprises the following steps:

selecting pine segments with diameter of more than or equal to 9cm and length of about 60cm and cutting off partial envelopes in 11-12 months, and drying in the sun for later use;

in the next 4-5 months, selecting continuous sunny weather, digging cellars with the length of about 1m, the depth and the width of about 50cm on the prepared greenhouses along the slope, wherein the cellars are spaced by about 20cm, and a plurality of cellars are horizontally and longitudinally spaced (depending on the slope) and a drainage ditch with the width of about 40cm is dug; then, placing a charging barrel of about 25kg in each cellar, commonly called as 'lower cellar' (1 charging barrel means 1 pine segment, the adding amount of the charging barrel is determined according to the size of the pine segment, and generally 3-5 charging barrels are placed in each cellar);

then inoculating 400g Poria (Wolfipora cocos) YX1 sclerotium per 6kg pine tree segment, inoculating Poria at one end of the pine tree segment, covering with 4-6cm thick soil, and growing Poria.

In examples 3 to 4 and comparative example 1, the management of the growth and nodulation stage was the same; when the poria cocos forms sclerotia, the soil surface is cracked into cracks, and the cracks are covered by the soil in time to prevent the poria cocos from emerging from the soil surface.

The results of examples 3 to 4 and comparative example 1 were counted, and are shown in Table 1 and FIGS. 1 to 3.

FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the formation of the knot in accordance with example 3; FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the formation of the knot in accordance with example 4; FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the formation of the cells in comparative example 1.

TABLE 1 cases of nodulation in examples 3-4 and comparative example 1

As can be seen in fig. 1-3: the poria cocos obtained by the mixed soil and cultivation method is white and is not mixed with silt; the skin of the poria cocos obtained by the traditional pine wood section earth covering cultivation method is light brown, and the exposed mushroom flesh is white after the skin is removed.

As can be seen from Table 1, the sclerotium of Poria cocos obtained by the invention is white, and the size and moisture of the sclerotium are not different from those of the traditional pine section cultivation method; the average weight of the sclerotium of the tuckahoe is slightly lower than that of the traditional pine segment cultivation method; but the invention has convenient management, can realize industrialized cultivation, and is not interfered by factors such as climate, and the like.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.