阅读说明：本技术 一种抑制煤堆扬尘和防止自燃的多功能凝胶及制备方法 (Multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion and preparation method thereof ) 是由 周鲁洁 孙健 俞凯 陈静 于 2021-08-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种抑制煤堆扬尘和防止自燃的多功能凝胶及制备方法,涉及多功能凝胶技术领域,制备原料按照重量百分比计,包括：1-3份羧甲基纤维素钠；1-3份衣康酸；2-6份二乙稀三胺；0.1-0.4份引发剂；0.1-0.4份交联剂；5-15份硅藻土；4-10份硅酸钠；0.1-0.3份润湿剂；余量蒸馏水。本发明的有益效果是,原料易得,制备工艺简单,成本低,更易于工业化生产；采用本发明所制得的多功能凝胶具有多功能性,并且抑尘和防火两种性能还能相互协同作用,吸水性可以提高粘稠度,粘结煤尘的同时还能降低煤尘飞扬；凝胶中混有硅酸钠,可以有效降低煤炭自燃的风险,起到很好的防火作用。(The invention discloses a multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of multifunctional gels, and the preparation raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 1-3 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; 1-3 parts of itaconic acid; 2-6 parts of diethylenetriamine; 0.1-0.4 part of initiator; 0.1-0.4 part of a crosslinking agent; 5-15 parts of diatomite; 4-10 parts of sodium silicate; 0.1-0.3 part of wetting agent; the balance of distilled water. The invention has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials, simple preparation process, low cost and easy industrialized production; the multifunctional gel prepared by the invention has multiple functions, and the two performances of dust suppression and fire prevention can be mutually synergistic, so that the water absorption can improve the viscosity, and the flying of coal dust can be reduced while the coal dust is bonded; the sodium silicate is mixed in the gel, so that the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal can be effectively reduced, and a good fireproof effect is achieved.)

1. The multifunctional gel is characterized in that the multifunctional gel is prepared from raw materials including sodium carboxymethylcellulose, itaconic acid, diethylenetriamine, an initiator, a cross-linking agent, diatomite, sodium silicate and a wetting agent.

2. The method for preparing the multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion according to claim 1, wherein the preparation raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight:

1-3 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose;

1-3 parts of itaconic acid;

2-6 parts of diethylenetriamine;

0.1-0.4 part of initiator;

0.1-0.4 part of a crosslinking agent;

5-15 parts of diatomite;

4-10 parts of sodium silicate;

0.1-0.3 part of wetting agent;

the balance of distilled water.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said initiator is copper dipersodide.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein said cross-linking agent is N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein said wetting agent is a heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate.

6. The preparation method of the multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the preparation process of the multifunctional gel, the mixture ratio of the raw materials is as follows:

sodium carboxymethylcellulose: itaconic acid: 1:1:2 of diethylenetriamine;

copper dipeeriodate: n, N' -methylenebisacrylamide ═ 2: 3;

diatomite: 3:2 sodium silicate;

heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate: water 1: 1000.

7. The preparation method of the multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the preparation process, under the condition of 200ml of distilled water, the weight of each raw material is respectively as follows:

2g sodium carboxymethylcellulose;

2g of itaconic acid;

4g of diethylenetriamine;

0.2g copper diperoxydiiodate;

0.3g of N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide;

2g of diatomaceous earth;

8g of sodium silicate;

0.2g of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate.

8. The preparation method of the multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion as claimed in claim 2, which comprises the following steps:

s1: adding distilled water into a three-neck flask, filling a certain amount of sodium carboxymethylcellulose into the three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen, and dissolving at 60 ℃ to obtain a sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution;

s2: cooling the sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution to 40 ℃, sequentially adding a certain amount of itaconic acid and diethylenetriamine, adding a certain amount of copper diperoxydiiodate, and heating in a water bath for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution I;

s3: adding a certain amount of diatomite and sodium silicate into the mixed solution I, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution II;

s4: adding a certain amount of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide into the mixed solution II, and continuing heating in a water bath for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution III;

s5: and after the mixed solution III is cooled to room temperature, adding a certain amount of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate to prepare the multifunctional gel.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of multifunctional gel, in particular to multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion and a preparation method thereof.

Background

At present, in the process of coal stacking, due to irresistible natural and artificial reasons, a large amount of dust can always be generated in the coal stack, and even coal spontaneous combustion can occur in coal bodies along with the change of stacking time and external environment. The coal dusting phenomenon and coal spontaneous combustion problem are great hazards to the coal production industry.

The harm brought by the coal dust emission phenomenon is as follows: irreversible respiratory diseases, such as pneumoconiosis, in humans; fine coal powder can permeate into the machine, so that the service life of the equipment is influenced; it is even more dangerous that pulverized coal is prone to dust explosion, and the consequences are even more unpredictable. In addition, the coal spontaneous combustion problem can aggravate the coal dust emission phenomenon, so that the two hazards are huge.

In order to reduce the coal pile dust emission phenomenon, an operator regularly sprays water to inhibit the dust emission, but the water using efficiency is very low, and because the independent water spraying is adopted, the dust suppression and dust suppression time is short, and the waste of water resources is caused. At present, an effective means for preventing and controlling the dust emission is to cover a layer of greening film on the surface of the coal pile, but the risk of spontaneous combustion of the coal is inevitably increased.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a material that can combine dust suppression and fire prevention, effectively reduce the problem of dust emission, and reduce the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention discloses a multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the technical problems of inevitable dust emission and coal spontaneous combustion in the open-air coal stacking process.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion is prepared from sodium carboxymethylcellulose, itaconic acid, diethylenetriamine, an initiator, a cross-linking agent, diatomite, sodium silicate and a wetting agent.

Further, the preparation raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight:

1-3 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose;

1-3 parts of itaconic acid;

2-6 parts of diethylenetriamine;

0.1-0.4 part of initiator;

0.1-0.4 part of a crosslinking agent;

5-15 parts of diatomite;

4-10 parts of sodium silicate;

0.1-0.3 part of wetting agent;

the balance of distilled water.

Further, the initiator is copper dipeeriodate.

Further, the cross-linking agent is N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide.

Further, the wetting agent is a heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate.

Further, in the preparation process of the multifunctional gel, the mixture ratio of the raw materials is as follows:

sodium carboxymethylcellulose: itaconic acid: 1:1:2 of diethylenetriamine;

copper dipeeriodate: n, N' -methylenebisacrylamide ═ 2: 3;

diatomite: 3:2 sodium silicate;

heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate: water 1: 1000.

Further, in the preparation process, under the condition of 200ml of distilled water, the weight of each raw material is as follows:

2g sodium carboxymethylcellulose;

2g of itaconic acid;

4g of diethylenetriamine;

0.2g copper diperoxydiiodate;

0.3g of N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide;

2g of diatomaceous earth;

8g of sodium silicate;

0.2g of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate.

Further, the preparation method of the multifunctional gel specifically comprises the following steps:

s1: adding distilled water into a three-neck flask, filling a certain amount of sodium carboxymethylcellulose into the three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen, and dissolving at 60 ℃ to obtain a sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution;

s2: cooling the sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution to 40 ℃, sequentially adding a certain amount of itaconic acid and diethylenetriamine, adding a certain amount of copper diperoxydiiodate, and heating in a water bath for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution I;

s3: adding a certain amount of diatomite and sodium silicate into the mixed solution I, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution II;

s4: adding a certain amount of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide into the mixed solution II, and continuing heating in a water bath for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution III;

s5: and after the mixed solution III is cooled to room temperature, adding a certain amount of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate to prepare the multifunctional gel.

In the process of preparing the multifunctional gel, the selected raw materials have the following characteristics:

sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is a natural polymer material and widely exists in large spontaneous combustion.

The initiator copper dipeeriodate is a metal oxide and can react by utilizing the strong oxidizing property of trivalent copper ions.

Crosslinking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide.

The heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate is used as wetting agent, is Heavy Alkylbenzene (HAB), is a by-product in the course of producing dodecylbenzene, and has the advantages of good low-temp. flowability and low freezing point, and can be used for coping with northern cold climatic condition, and can raise wetting property of gel on coal pile.

Diatomite is a rich air as water absorbentStructural material with pore volume of 0.45-0.98m³The specific surface area of the dust collector per gram is 40-65 square meters per gram, and the dust can be effectively adsorbed; and the water absorption of the gel is strong, and the water absorption is 2-4 times of the self volume, so that the water absorption of the gel can be improved.

The sodium silicate has excellent fire resistance as a fire retardant, and is mixed in the preparation process of the gel by utilizing the characteristic of water solubility, so that the fire resistance of the gel is improved, the cohesiveness and the corrosion resistance of the gel can be improved, and the service life of the gel is prolonged.

The reaction equation of the graft copolymerization reaction of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, itaconic acid and diethylenetriamine is as follows:

the invention has the beneficial effects that the sodium carboxymethylcellulose is adopted to carry out graft copolymerization with the itaconic acid and the diethylenetriamine, and the modified product obtained after copolymerization is mixed with the water absorbent (diatomite), the fire retardant (sodium silicate) and the wetting agent (heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate), so that the flowable gel with good viscosity and water absorption is obtained.

The raw materials selected in the invention are easy to obtain, the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the method is easy for industrial production.

The prepared multifunctional gel has good water absorption, can effectively absorb water manually sprayed, and can form a layer of compact protective film on the surface of a coal pile by combining the good viscosity of the multifunctional gel so as to prevent coal dust from flying.

Because the multifunctional gel has good water absorption and is also mixed with sodium silicate, the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal can be effectively reduced, and a good fireproof effect is achieved.

In conclusion, the multifunctional gel prepared by the invention has multiple functions, the two performances of dust suppression and fire prevention can be mutually synergistic, the water absorption can improve the viscosity, and the flying of coal dust can be reduced while the coal dust is bonded.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention discloses a multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion, which adopts the raw materials of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, itaconic acid, diethylenetriamine, an initiator (copper diperoxydiiodate), a cross-linking agent (N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide), diatomite, sodium silicate and a wetting agent (heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate).

Example 1

A preparation method of a multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) adding 200ml of distilled water into a three-neck flask, filling 2g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose into the three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen, and dissolving at 60 ℃ to obtain a sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution;

(2) cooling the sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution to 40 ℃, sequentially adding 1g of itaconic acid and 2g of diethylenetriamine, then adding 0.2g of copper diperoxydiiodate, and heating in a water bath for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution I;

(3) adding 12g of diatomite and 8g of sodium silicate into the mixed solution I, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution II;

(4) adding 0.3g N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide to the mixed solution II, and continuing heating in a water bath for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution III;

(5) after the mixture III is cooled to room temperature, 0.2g of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate is added to prepare the multifunctional gel, and the multifunctional gel is marked as gel sample 1.

Example 2

A preparation method of a multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) adding 200ml of distilled water into a three-neck flask, filling 2g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose into the three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen, and dissolving at 60 ℃ to obtain a sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution;

(2) cooling the sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution to 40 ℃, sequentially adding 3g of itaconic acid and 6g of diethylenetriamine, then adding 0.2g of copper diperoxydiiodate, and heating in a water bath for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution I;

(3) adding 12g of diatomite and 8g of sodium silicate into the mixed solution I, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution II;

(4) adding 0.3g N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide to the mixed solution II, and continuing heating in a water bath for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution III;

(5) after the mixture III was cooled to room temperature, 0.2g of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate was added to make the multifunctional gel, which was designated as gel sample 2.

Example 3

A preparation method of a multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) adding 200ml of distilled water into a three-neck flask, filling 2g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose into the three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen, and dissolving at 60 ℃ to obtain a sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution;

(2) cooling the sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution to 40 ℃, sequentially adding 2g of itaconic acid and 4g of diethylenetriamine, then adding 0.2g of copper diperoxydiiodate, and heating in a water bath for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution I;

(3) adding 8g of diatomite and 4g of sodium silicate into the mixed solution I, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution II;

(4) adding 0.3g N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide to the mixed solution II, and continuing heating in a water bath for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution III;

(5) after the mixture III is cooled to room temperature, 0.2g of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate is added to prepare the multifunctional gel, and the multifunctional gel is marked as a gel sample 3.

Example 4

A preparation method of a multifunctional gel for inhibiting coal pile dust emission and preventing spontaneous combustion specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) adding 200ml of distilled water into a three-neck flask, filling 2g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose into the three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen, and dissolving at 60 ℃ to obtain a sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution;

(2) cooling the sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution to 40 ℃, sequentially adding 2g of itaconic acid and 4g of diethylenetriamine, then adding 0.2g of copper diperoxydiiodate, and heating in a water bath for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution I;

(3) adding 12g of diatomite and 8g of sodium silicate into the mixed solution I, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution II;

(4) adding 0.3g N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide to the mixed solution II, and continuing heating in a water bath for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution III;

(5) and after the mixed solution III is cooled to room temperature, 0.2g of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate is added to prepare the multifunctional gel, and the multifunctional gel is marked as a gel sample 4.

The multifunctional gels prepared in examples 1 to 4 were subjected to the water retention test as follows.

The test method comprises the following steps: the prepared four gel samples are respectively placed in a drying oven at 60 ℃, and the initial mass of the four gel samples is weighed to be m₁. Then, their mass was measured every 1h with m₂The water retention of the gel is W.

The test results for the four gel samples are shown in table 1 below.

TABLE 1

The water retention rate calculation formula is as follows:

W(g/g)＝(m₂/m₁)×100％

in the above formula, m₁Is the initial mass of the gel (in g); m is₂The mass (unit g) of the gel after dehydration at different times, and the water retention rate W (unit g/g).

Therefore, the water retention rate of the prepared multifunctional gel can be detected by setting different proportions, so that the actual dust suppression and fire prevention effects of the gel can be judged.

When the multifunctional gel prepared by the invention is smeared or sprayed on an open-air stacked coal pile, the multifunctional gel can effectively adsorb water manually sprayed by utilizing the excellent water absorbability of the multifunctional gel, and a compact protective film can be formed on the surface of the coal pile by combining the excellent viscosity of the multifunctional gel, so that the flying of coal dust is prevented. In addition, the gel with good water absorption is mixed with sodium silicate, so that a good fireproof effect can be achieved.

It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.