Antibacterial and antiviral high polymer material, air conditioner filter screen and air conditioner
阅读说明：本技术 抗菌抗病毒高分子材料及所得空调器过滤网和空调器 (Antibacterial and antiviral high polymer material, air conditioner filter screen and air conditioner ) 是由 温博 李云蹊 于 2020-05-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出一种抗菌抗病毒高分子材料及所得空调器过滤网和空调器,属于高分子材料技术领域,能够解决现有的高分子材料不能同时满足杀灭细菌和病毒双重功能的技术问题。该抗菌抗病毒高分子材料按重量份包括：高分子材料100份、抗微生物添加剂0.3-5份、分散剂0.1-3份、抗氧化剂1-3份,其中,所述抗微生物添加剂为负载纳米银颗粒的金属氧化物纤维。本发明能够应用于空调器过滤网的制备中,可有效去除99.9％的目标病毒和细菌。(The invention provides an antibacterial and antiviral high polymer material, an air conditioner filter screen and an air conditioner, belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and can solve the technical problem that the existing high polymer material cannot simultaneously meet the dual functions of killing bacteria and viruses. The antibacterial antiviral high polymer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of high polymer material, 0.3-5 parts of antimicrobial additive, 0.1-3 parts of dispersant and 1-3 parts of antioxidant, wherein the antimicrobial additive is metal oxide fiber loaded with nano silver particles. The invention can be applied to the preparation of the filter screen of the air conditioner and can effectively remove 99.9 percent of target viruses and bacteria.)
1. The antibacterial and antiviral high polymer material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of high polymer material, 0.3-5 parts of antimicrobial additive, 0.1-3 parts of dispersant and 1-3 parts of antioxidant, wherein the antimicrobial additive is metal oxide fiber loaded with nano silver particles.
2. The antibacterial and antiviral polymeric material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of the metal oxide in the antimicrobial additive is 70-98 wt%, and the loading of the nano silver particles is 2-30 wt%.
3. The antibacterial and antiviral polymeric material according to claim 1, wherein the nano silver particles have a particle size of 5 to 200nm, and the metal oxide fibers have a diameter of 20 to 400 nm.
4. The antibacterial and antiviral polymeric material according to claim 1, wherein the antimicrobial additive is prepared by the following steps:
completely dissolving a spinning agent polyvinylpyrrolidone and a metal salt hydrate in dimethylformamide, and carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained solution to obtain a uniform and controllable precursor nanofiber film of a metal oxide;
heating the obtained precursor nanofiber membrane to 400-800 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 0.5-2h to oxidize the precursor to obtain the nano metal oxide fiber with stable crystal form;
soaking the obtained nano metal oxide fiber in a water solution of silver nitrate and a buffering agent, fully mixing, heating the mixture to 80-140 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-2h to enable nano silver to be loaded on the surface of the metal oxide fiber, naturally cooling to room temperature, cleaning and drying to obtain the antimicrobial additive.
5. The antibacterial and antiviral polymeric material according to claim 4, wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone added is polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30, the metal salt hydrate is at least one selected from aluminum chloride hydrate, ferric chloride, zinc acetate hydrate, copper acetate hydrate, zinc sulfate hydrate and copper sulfate hydrate, and the buffer is at least one selected from hexamethylenetetramine, acetic acid and lactic acid.
6. The antibacterial and antiviral polymeric material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the concentration ratio of silver nitrate to the buffer is 1: 1.
7. The antibacterial and antiviral polymeric material according to claim 1, wherein the metal oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of copper oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide and iron oxide.
8. The antibacterial and antiviral polymeric material according to claim 1, wherein the polymeric material is polypropylene, the dispersant is at least one of stearate, stearic acid and paraffin, and the antioxidant is at least one of phenol, amine and phosphite antioxidants.
9. The air conditioner filter screen is characterized by being prepared from the antibacterial and antiviral high polymer material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An air conditioner characterized by comprising the air conditioner filter screen according to claim 9.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to an antibacterial and antiviral high polymer material, an air conditioner filter screen and an air conditioner.
Background
An air conditioner is a device for regulating the temperature, humidity, gas components and the like of indoor air, wherein an air conditioner filter screen is a necessary part of the indoor air. In daily life, a considerable portion of harmful bacteria fungi and viruses exist and multiply in indoor air, and cause various diseases by contact. The existing filter screen technology mainly focuses on degrading and filtering suspended particles, formaldehyde and other organic molecules in the air, and has insufficient attention on the prevention and removal functions of bacteria, fungi and viruses.
With the increasing health consciousness of people, the air conditioner filter screen has the requirement of bacteriostasis and disinfection, and the air conditioner filter screen used in the life of people is required to have the efficacy of antibiosis and disinfection. The preparation of the antibacterial high polymer material is generally realized by adding a certain amount of antibacterial agent in the granulation process of the antibacterial high polymer material. Among them, the organic antibacterial agent has the advantage of quick bactericidal effect, but most of the organic antibacterial agents are small molecular compounds, so that the organic antibacterial agent has the defects of poor heat resistance, easy failure after aging, easy precipitation from a high molecular material after long-time standing and the like.
Patent application CN103146119A provides a wear-resistant antibacterial ABS modified material and a preparation method thereof, wherein nano silver and nano titanium dioxide ions are added, and a layer of titanium dioxide film is formed on the surface of the ABS material by utilizing a plasma sputtering process. Patent application CN107011639A discloses an antibacterial polymer material prepared by modifying nano-copper, nano-zinc, nano-silver and a modifier, but the requirement of the scheme on the preparation process of the antibacterial masterbatch is slightly higher and the actual continuous antibacterial effect is poor. Therefore, no effective material suitable for the filter screen of the air conditioner which can simultaneously meet the function of killing bacteria and viruses is proposed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an antibacterial and antiviral high polymer material, an air conditioner filter screen and an air conditioner.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides an antibacterial and antiviral high polymer material which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of high polymer material, 0.3-5 parts of antimicrobial additive, 0.1-3 parts of dispersant and 1-3 parts of antioxidant, wherein the antimicrobial additive is metal oxide fiber loaded with nano silver particles.
The antimicrobial additive is originally added into the polymer material, and the antimicrobial additive is metal oxide fiber loaded with nano silver particles. The action principle of the antimicrobial additive comprises two aspects, on one hand, the antimicrobial additive is based on the bactericidal and fungicidal action, namely, metal ions such as copper, zinc and the like can denature proteins, polypeptides and even amino acids on the cell membrane of the bacterial and fungal cells, so that the cell nucleus or the karyoid of the microorganism is exposed. At the moment, the nano silver can influence the DNA of the bacterial fungi, so that the process of transcribing the DNA into RNA and the process of copying a DNA double chain cannot be normally carried out, the bacterial fungi are prevented from copying and propagating, meanwhile, the nano silver and the metal ions can also make most of enzymes in cytoplasm of the bacterial fungi lose activity, the respiratory function and the nutrient uptake capacity of the bacterial fungi are influenced, and the bacteria removing effect is achieved; on the other hand, the nano silver is based on the synergistic effect of killing viruses, namely, the nano silver can affect genetic materials of the viruses, prevent the replication and the transcription of the genetic materials of the viruses and enable the viruses to lose activity, thereby finally realizing the dual effects of resisting bacteria and killing viruses.
In the above antibacterial and antiviral polymer material, in addition to the amount of the polymer material, the amount of each of the other components can be adjusted by one skilled in the art according to actual conditions, for example, the amount of the antimicrobial additive can be 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 parts or any value within the range, the amount of the dispersant can be 0.3, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 parts or any value within the range, and the amount of the antioxidant can be 1.5, 2, 2.5 parts or any value within the range.
Preferably, the content of the metal oxide in the antimicrobial additive is 70-98 wt%, and the loading of the nano silver particles is 2-30 wt%. It can be understood that the silver loading is too small, and the effect is not obviously improved compared with the metal oxide fiber; if the silver loading is too high, the manufacturing cost will be greatly increased. For the antimicrobial additive, the amount of each component can be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to actual circumstances, for example, the content of the metal oxide can also be 72, 75, 78, 80, 83, 85, 87, 90, 94, 95, 97% or any point in the range, and the loading amount of the nano silver particles can be 3, 5, 6, 10, 13, 15, 17, 20, 22, 25, 28% or any point in the range.
Preferably, the nano silver particles have a particle size of 5 to 200nm, and the metal oxide fibers have a diameter of 20 to 400 nm. It is understood that if the nano silver particles are too large, the problem of small specific surface area of nano silver is caused, which is disadvantageous in antibacterial performance.
Preferably, the antimicrobial additive is prepared by the following steps:
completely dissolving a spinning agent polyvinylpyrrolidone and a metal salt hydrate in dimethylformamide, and carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained solution to obtain a uniform and controllable precursor nanofiber film of a metal oxide;
heating the obtained precursor nanofiber membrane to 400-800 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 0.5-2h to oxidize the precursor to obtain the nano metal oxide fiber with stable crystal form;
soaking the obtained nano metal oxide fiber in a water solution of silver nitrate and a buffering agent, fully mixing, heating the mixture to 80-140 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-2h to enable nano silver to be loaded on the surface of the metal oxide fiber, naturally cooling to room temperature, cleaning and drying to obtain the antimicrobial additive. It can be understood that the nano silver particles are loaded on the long fiber of the metal oxide, and can effectively play a synergistic role.
Preferably, the added polyvinylpyrrolidone is polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30, the metal salt hydrate is at least one selected from aluminum chloride hydrate, ferric chloride, zinc acetate hydrate, copper acetate hydrate, zinc sulfate hydrate and copper sulfate hydrate, the buffering agent is at least one selected from hexamethylenetetramine, acetic acid and lactic acid, and the polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 is selected to have good solubility and good activation effect.
Preferably, the silver nitrate is added to the buffer at a concentration ratio of 1: 1.
Preferably, the metal oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of copper oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and iron oxide.
Preferably, the polymer material is polypropylene, the dispersant is at least one of stearate, stearic acid and paraffin, and the antioxidant is at least one of phenol, amine and phosphite antioxidants, preferably trinonylphenyl phosphite TNPP.
The invention provides an air conditioner filter screen which is prepared by adopting the antibacterial and antiviral high polymer material in any technical scheme.
The invention provides an air conditioner, which comprises the air conditioner filter screen in the technical scheme.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the antibacterial and antiviral polymer material provided by the invention can kill bacteria and viruses under the synergistic action of metal ions released by Ag and metal oxides by adding the metal oxide fiber loaded with nano silver particles as an antimicrobial additive, and can effectively remove 99.9% of target viruses and bacteria. And, the antibacterial and antiviral polymeric material prepared based on the antimicrobial additive may have 1) no toxicity, no penetration, no resolution, no leaching, no harmful substance production, 100% recoverable; 2) can be used for a long time, even after cleaning, abrasion and ultraviolet irradiation, and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a metal oxide fiber loaded with nano-silver microstructure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly and fully describe the antibacterial and antiviral polymer material, the air conditioner filter screen and the air conditioner provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
0.8g of PVP (K-30) and 0.33g (0.0015mol) of ZnAc were mixed2·2H2O is completely dissolved in 10ml DMF,
and (3) carrying out electrostatic spinning treatment on the obtained solution to obtain the precursor nanofiber film of the zinc oxide.
And heating the obtained precursor fiber film to 600 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1h to obtain the pure nano zinc oxide fiber.
50mg of zinc oxide fibers were immersed in 100mL of an aqueous solution of silver nitrate and Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) (the concentrations of silver nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine were 0.05M each).
After fully mixing, transferring the mixture into a medium, heating to 120 ℃, preserving the heat for 1h, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing and drying the sample to obtain the silver-loaded nano zinc oxide fiber antimicrobial additive, as shown in figure 1.
0.5 part of antimicrobial additive, 1 part of dispersant copper stearate, 2 parts of antioxidant TNPP and 100 Parts of Polypropylene (PP) are mixed to prepare the antibacterial and antiviral polymer material.
Example 2
Mixing 0.8g PVP (K-30) and 0.375g CuSO4·5H2O is completely dissolved in 10ml DMF,
and carrying out electrostatic spinning treatment on the obtained solution to obtain the precursor nanofiber film of the copper oxide.
And heating the obtained precursor fiber film to 600 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1h to obtain the pure nano copper oxide fiber.
50mg of nano copper oxide fiber is soaked in 100mL of silver nitrate and Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) aqueous solution (the concentrations of the silver nitrate and the hexamethylenetetramine are the same and are 0.05M).
After fully mixing, transferring the mixture into a medium, heating to 120 ℃, preserving the heat for 1h, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing and drying the sample to obtain the silver-loaded nano copper oxide fiber antimicrobial additive.
0.5 part of antimicrobial additive, 1 part of dispersant copper stearate, 2 parts of antioxidant TNPP and 100 Parts of Polypropylene (PP) are mixed to prepare the antibacterial and antiviral polymer material.
Example 3
0.8g of PVP (K-30) and 0.405g of FeCl3·6H2O was completely dissolved in 10mL of NMP,
and carrying out electrostatic spinning treatment on the obtained solution to obtain the precursor nanofiber film of the copper oxide.
And heating the obtained precursor fiber film to 600 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1h to obtain the pure nano copper oxide fiber.
50mg of nano copper oxide fiber is soaked in 100mL of silver nitrate and Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) aqueous solution (the concentrations of the silver nitrate and the hexamethylenetetramine are the same and are 0.05M).
After fully mixing, transferring the mixture into a medium, heating to 120 ℃, preserving the heat for 1h, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing and drying the sample to obtain the silver-loaded nano copper oxide fiber antimicrobial additive.
0.5 part of antimicrobial additive, 1 part of dispersant copper stearate, 2 parts of antioxidant TNPP and 100 Parts of Polypropylene (PP) are mixed to prepare the antibacterial and antiviral polymer material.
Comparative example 1
50mg of zinc oxide powder (the particle size is about 70nm) is soaked in 100mL of aqueous solution of silver nitrate and Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) (the concentrations of the silver nitrate and the hexamethylenetetramine are the same and are 0.05M), and after the zinc oxide powder and the HMTA are fully mixed, the mixture is moved into a medium and heated to 120 ℃ and is kept warm for 1h for carrying out nano silver loading treatment.
0.5 part of silver-loaded zinc oxide powder, 1 part of dispersant copper stearate, 2 parts of antioxidant TNPP and 100 Parts of Polypropylene (PP) are mixed to prepare the corresponding high polymer material.
Comparative example 2
0.4 part of zinc oxide powder with the particle size of about 70nm, 0.1 part of nano-silver powder with the particle size of about 15nm, 1 part of dispersant copper stearate, 2 parts of antioxidant TNPP and 100 Parts of Polypropylene (PP) are mixed to prepare the corresponding polymer material.
Performance testing
The antibacterial polymer materials obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were prepared into a sample and tested. The remaining test operations, except for test time, are performed according to GB 21551.2-2008. The test results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 Virus-removing function test result table
TABLE 2 degerming ability test results Table
From the test results in tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the sample prepared from the antibacterial and antiviral polymer material added with the antimicrobial additive according to the present invention can remove more than 99.9% of viruses by contacting with, for example, H1N1 virus, H7N9 virus or SARS virus for 15min, and compared with the sample prepared from comparative example 1 (using conventional metal oxide powder to load nano silver) and comparative example 2 (using conventional metal oxide powder to physically mix with nano silver), the sample has a significantly improved virus removal rate, and after contacting with staphylococcus albus, escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus for 1H, the sample can also kill more than 99.9% of bacterial fungi, and the bacteriostatic rate is significantly higher than that of the sample prepared from comparative examples 1 and 2. Therefore, the antibacterial and antiviral high polymer material prepared by adding the antimicrobial additive has effective antibacterial and antiviral dual effects, and can be effectively used for air conditioner filter screens to play expected roles.