阅读说明：本技术 一种判别高温大曲类别的方法 (Method for distinguishing category of high-temperature yeast for making hard liquor ) 是由 王莉 杨帆 曾祥炼 吴耀领 席晓黎 陈良强 卢建军 于 2021-08-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请涉及大曲样品检测领域,具体公开了一种判别高温大曲类别的方法,包括将大曲粉碎成大曲粉末,再将大曲粉末与热纯净水混合均匀,浸提后过滤离心,取上清液检测吸光值,根据吸光值判别大曲类别。该方法提升了大曲样品的检测速率,降低大曲的检测难度。(The application relates to the field of Daqu sample detection, and particularly discloses a method for distinguishing a high-temperature Daqu category. The method improves the detection rate of the Daqu sample and reduces the detection difficulty of the Daqu.)

1. A method for judging the category of a high-temperature yeast for making hard liquor is characterized in that the yeast for making hard liquor is crushed into yeast powder, the yeast powder is uniformly mixed with hot purified water, the mixture is filtered and centrifuged after being extracted, supernatant liquid is taken to detect the light absorption value, and the category of the yeast for making hard liquor is judged according to the light absorption value.

2. The method for discriminating the category of high-temperature Daqu according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the hot purified water is 40-50 ℃.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the Daqu powder to the hot purified water is 1: (2-5).

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the Daqu powder to the hot purified water is 1: 3.3.

5. the method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the detection wavelength of the light absorption value is 400nm-440 nm.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the detection wavelength of the light absorption value is 420 nm.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the leaching time is 2-4 hours.

8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: testing to obtain light absorption values of different types of Daqu, and counting light absorption value intervals of different types of Daqu; assuming that the Daqu is the out-bin black yeast, and determining that the Daqu is the out-bin black yeast when the light absorption value of the Daqu falls into the out-bin black yeast light absorption value interval; assuming that the Daqu is a discharged aspergillus flavus, and when the light absorption value of the Daqu falls into the range of the light absorption value of the discharged aspergillus flavus, determining that the Daqu is the discharged aspergillus flavus; and (3) assuming that the Daqu is the out-bin white yeast, and determining that the Daqu is the out-bin white yeast when the light absorption value of the Daqu falls into the out-bin white yeast light absorption value interval.

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of Daqu sample detection, in particular to a method for judging the category of high-temperature Daqu.

Background

Daqu is a raw material used for brewing wine, and is also called lump koji or brick koji. The Daqu is prepared from barley, wheat, pea, etc. by pulverizing, kneading with water, pressing into fermented grains, and allowing various microorganisms in nature to grow thereon. The yeast for making wine is one of the necessary raw materials of the wine making process, and provides microorganisms and biological enzymes with fermentation and saccharification functions in the wine making process. High-temperature Daqu is often used as a fermentation raw material in the brewing process of Maotai-flavor liquor, and the Daqu discharged from a fermentation bin can be divided into three types of black yeast, yellow yeast and white yeast due to different fermentation degrees of the Daqu when the Daqu is discharged from the fermentation bin due to the temperature difference of different storage positions in the fermentation bin. In the brewing process, different types of Daqu can influence the quality and taste of brewed white spirit, so that the detection and control of the type of the Daqu before brewing become more important.

The Chinese patent of related technology with application number 202010518502.9 discloses a method for identifying the quality of Daqu, which comprises judging the quality of Daqu according to the enthalpy value of the Daqu, wherein the enthalpy value of the Daqu is obtained according to differential scanning calorimetry, and the quality of the Daqu is judged according to the enthalpy value of the Daqu.

The above related art has the following drawbacks: when a differential scanning calorimeter is used for detecting the enthalpy value of the yeast, the detection time of a single sample is long, the operation steps are complicated, and the requirement of quickly detecting a large number of samples in production is difficult to meet.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to improve the detection rate of the Daqu sample and reduce the detection difficulty, the application provides a method for judging the category of the high-temperature Daqu.

The method for judging the category of the high-temperature yeast for making hard liquor adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for determining the category of high-temperature Daqu comprises pulverizing Daqu into Daqu powder, mixing with hot purified water, leaching, filtering, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, detecting light absorption value, and determining the category of Daqu according to the light absorption value.

By adopting the technical scheme, the yeast is extracted by selecting the hot purified water, and the hot purified water does not contain impurities such as calcium and magnesium ions, so that the influence of the impurities on the light absorption value of the extract during detection is reduced; meanwhile, the hot purified water can reduce the extraction time and improve the extraction effect; the Daqu category is judged according to the light absorption value, the detection method is simple, a plurality of samples can be detected at one time, the detection rate of the Daqu sample is improved, and the detection difficulty is reduced.

Preferably, the temperature of the hot purified water is 40 ℃ to 50 ℃.

By adopting the technical scheme, the hot purified water at 40-50 ℃ can have good extraction effect on the yeast, when the temperature is lower than 40 ℃, the extraction effect is reduced, and when the temperature is higher than 50 ℃, the quality of the yeast is influenced.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the Daqu powder to the hot purified water is 1: (2-5).

By adopting the technical scheme, the mass ratio of the Daqu powder to the hot purified water is 1: and (2-5) when the light absorption values of the three daqus of the black yeast, the yellow yeast and the white yeast are different, the three daqus are distinguished.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the Daqu powder to the hot purified water is 1: 3.3.

by adopting the technical scheme, the mass ratio of the Daqu powder to the hot purified water is 1:3.3, the light absorption values of the three types of Daqu have larger difference, so that the Daqu is easier to distinguish.

Preferably, the detection wavelength of the absorbance is 400nm to 440 nm.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the detection wavelength is 400nm-440nm, the light absorption values of the three types of Daqu have obvious difference, and the types of the Daqu can be conveniently judged.

Preferably, the detection wavelength of the absorbance is 420 nm.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the detection wavelength is 420nm, the difference of the light absorption values of the three types of Daqus is the largest, and the three types of Daqus are easier to distinguish.

Preferably, the leaching time is 2 to 4 hours.

By adopting the technical scheme, the extraction time of 2-4 hours can effectively extract the yeast and improve the accuracy of a detection result.

Preferably, testing to obtain light absorption values of different types of Daqu, and counting light absorption value intervals of different types of Daqu; assuming that the Daqu is the out-bin black yeast, and determining that the Daqu is the out-bin black yeast when the light absorption value of the Daqu falls into the out-bin black yeast light absorption value interval; assuming that the Daqu is a discharged aspergillus flavus, and when the light absorption value of the Daqu falls into the range of the light absorption value of the discharged aspergillus flavus, determining that the Daqu is the discharged aspergillus flavus; and (3) assuming that the Daqu is the out-bin white yeast, and determining that the Daqu is the out-bin white yeast when the light absorption value of the Daqu falls into the out-bin white yeast light absorption value interval.

By adopting the technical scheme, the light absorption value intervals of different Daqu categories are counted by utilizing the Daqu light absorption value, the Daqu type is distinguished through preliminary sense, the Daqu light absorption value is measured, whether the measured habit value falls into the light absorption value interval of the Daqu type or not is observed, the Daqu category can be determined, and the detection rate and the accuracy of the Daqu are improved.

In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

1. hot purified water is selected for leaching the yeast, impurities such as calcium and magnesium ions do not exist in the hot purified water, and the influence of the impurities on the light absorption value of a leaching solution during detection is reduced; meanwhile, the hot purified water can reduce the extraction time and improve the extraction effect; the Daqu category is judged according to the light absorption value, the detection method is simple, a plurality of samples can be detected at one time, the detection rate of the Daqu sample is improved, and the detection difficulty is reduced.

2. The mass ratio of the Daqu powder to the hot purified water is 1: and (2-5) when the light absorption values of the three daqus of the black yeast, the yellow yeast and the white yeast are different, the three daqus are distinguished.

3. When the detection wavelength is 400nm-440nm, the light absorption values of the three types of Daqu have obvious difference, so that the types of the Daqu can be conveniently judged.

4. The method comprises the steps of utilizing the Daqu light absorption value to count light absorption value intervals of Daqu of different categories, judging the type of the Daqu through preliminary sensory judgment, then measuring the Daqu light absorption value, and observing whether the measured habit value falls into the light absorption value interval of the Daqu type, so that the category of the Daqu can be determined, and the detection rate and the accuracy of the Daqu are improved.

Detailed Description

Examples

Example 1

Crushing the koji taken out of the warehouse, which is subjected to sensory evaluation of the same batch of the koji into koji powder, respectively weighing 3g of the koji powder and 6g of purified water with the temperature of 50 ℃, uniformly mixing, leaching for 2 hours, filtering by using four layers of gauze, collecting filtrate, centrifuging the filtrate at 9000r/min for 10 minutes, taking supernatant, detecting the light absorption value by using an enzyme-labeling instrument, wherein the detection wavelength of the enzyme-labeling instrument is 420nm, and the light absorption value can also be detected by using a spectrophotometer in other embodiments of the application.

Example 2

Crushing the koji taken out of the warehouse, which is subjected to sensory evaluation of the same batch of the koji into koji powder, respectively weighing 3g of the koji powder and 10g of purified water with the temperature of 50 ℃, uniformly mixing, leaching for 2 hours, filtering by using four layers of gauze, collecting filtrate, centrifuging the filtrate at 9000r/min for 10 minutes, taking supernatant, detecting the light absorption value by using an enzyme-labeling instrument, wherein the detection wavelength of the enzyme-labeling instrument is 420nm, and the light absorption value can also be detected by using a spectrophotometer in other embodiments of the application.

Example 3

Crushing the koji taken out of the warehouse, which is subjected to sensory evaluation of the same batch of the koji into koji powder, respectively weighing 3g of the koji powder and 15g of purified water with the temperature of 50 ℃, uniformly mixing, leaching for 2 hours, filtering by using four layers of gauze, collecting filtrate, centrifuging the filtrate at 9000r/min for 10 minutes, taking supernatant, detecting the light absorption value by using an enzyme-labeling instrument, wherein the detection wavelength of the enzyme-labeling instrument is 420nm, and the light absorption value can also be detected by using a spectrophotometer in other embodiments of the application.

Example 4

Crushing the koji taken out of the warehouse, which is subjected to sensory evaluation of black koji, yellow koji and white koji in the same batch, into koji powder, respectively weighing 3g of the koji powder and 10g of purified water with the temperature of 50 ℃, uniformly mixing, leaching for 2 hours, filtering by using four layers of gauze, collecting filtrate, centrifuging the filtrate at 9000r/min for 10 minutes, taking supernatant, detecting the light absorption value by using an enzyme-labeling instrument, wherein the detection wavelength of the enzyme-labeling instrument is 400nm, and the light absorption value can also be detected by using a spectrophotometer in other embodiments of the application.

Example 5

Crushing the koji taken out of the warehouse, which is subjected to sensory evaluation of black koji, yellow koji and white koji in the same batch, into koji powder, respectively weighing 3g of the koji powder and 10g of purified water with the temperature of 50 ℃, uniformly mixing, leaching for 2 hours, filtering by using four layers of gauze, collecting filtrate, centrifuging the filtrate at 9000r/min for 10 minutes, taking supernatant, detecting the light absorption value by using an enzyme-labeling instrument, wherein the detection wavelength of the enzyme-labeling instrument is 440nm, and the light absorption value can also be detected by using a spectrophotometer in other embodiments of the application.

Example 6

Crushing the koji taken out of the warehouse, which is subjected to sensory evaluation of the same batch of the koji into koji powder, respectively weighing 3g of the koji powder and 10g of purified water with the temperature of 50 ℃, uniformly mixing, leaching for 4 hours, filtering by using four layers of gauze, collecting filtrate, centrifuging the filtrate at 9000r/min for 10 minutes, taking supernatant, detecting the light absorption value by using an enzyme-labeling instrument, wherein the detection wavelength of the enzyme-labeling instrument is 420nm, and the light absorption value can also be detected by using a spectrophotometer in other embodiments of the application.

Example 7

Crushing the koji taken out of the warehouse, which is subjected to sensory evaluation of the same batch of the koji into koji powder, respectively weighing 3g of the koji powder and 10g of normal-temperature purified water, uniformly mixing, leaching for 2 hours, filtering by using four layers of gauze, collecting filtrate, centrifuging the filtrate at the rotating speed of 9000r/min for 10 minutes, taking supernatant, detecting the light absorption value by using an enzyme-labeling instrument, wherein the detection wavelength of the enzyme-labeling instrument is 420nm, and the light absorption value can also be detected by using a spectrophotometer in other embodiments of the application.

Comparative example

Comparative example 1

The enthalpy value of the yeast is detected by a differential scanning calorimeter in the detection method described in the chinese invention patent with application No. 202010518502.9.

Detection method

Examples 1-7 were all absorbance measurements using a microplate reader calibrated for zero adjustment prior to use.

The data of the light absorption values of examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1, and examples 1 to 3 are different in the mass ratio of the yeast to be tested to the hot purified water.

TABLE 1

The absorbance measurement data of example 4 and example 5 are shown in Table 2, and examples 5 and 6 are different from example 2 in that the detection wavelength of the microplate reader is different.

TABLE 2

	Example 4 (Absorbance value)	Example 5 (Absorbance value)
			Black koji	9.32	9.10
Huang Qu	9.10	8.82
			White koji	5.18	6.59

The absorbance measurements for example 6 and example 7 are shown in Table 3, with example 6 being different from example 2 in the leaching time. Example 7 differs from example 2 in the leaching temperature.

TABLE 3

	Example 6 (Absorbance value)	Example 7 (Absorbance value)
			Black koji	10.5	7.82
Huang Qu	8.52	7.55
			White koji	5.30	4.50

It can be seen by combining examples 1-3 with table 1 that the difference in absorbance values between the black koji and the yellow koji in example 1 is very small and it is difficult to distinguish them, the difference in absorbance values between the black koji and the yellow koji in example 2 is much larger than the difference in absorbance values between the black koji and the yellow koji in example 1, and the difference in absorbance values between the yellow koji and the white koji in example 2 is much larger than the difference in absorbance values between the yellow koji and the white koji in example 3. From the data results, when the mass ratio of the Daqu to the purified water is 1:3.3, the light absorption value difference is more beneficial to separating the black koji, the yellow koji and the white koji, and the discrimination is better.

Combining example 2, example 4 and example 5 and combining table 2, it can be seen that the difference between the absorbance values of the dark koji and the yellow koji in example 4 is very small, and it is difficult to distinguish the dark koji from the yellow koji. The difference in absorbance for the dark and yellow koji in example 2 was much greater than that for the dark and yellow koji in examples 4 and 5, while the difference in absorbance for the white and yellow koji in example 2 was less than that for the white and yellow koji in examples 4 and 5. It can be seen that when the detection wavelength of the microplate reader is 420nm, the method is more helpful for distinguishing black koji, yellow koji and white koji.

Combining example 2, example 6 and example 7 with table 3, it can be seen that the difference in absorbance values between the dark brown koji and the yellow koji in example 2 is slightly lower than that of the dark brown koji and the yellow koji in example 6, which indicates that increasing the extraction time of the hot water can improve the difference in absorbance values between the dark brown koji and the yellow koji, and help to distinguish the dark brown koji from the yellow koji, but the difference in absorbance values between the white koji and the yellow koji in example 2 is very small compared with that of the yellow koji and the white koji in example 6. Example 6 compared to example 2, the leaching time was increased by two hours, but the difference in absorbance values between the dark koji and the white koji was less amplified, and there was almost no amplification in the absorbance difference between the dark koji and the white koji, indicating that the leaching time was the optimal leaching time for two hours. In example 7, the light absorption values of the whole of the dark brown koji, the whole of the white koji and the light absorption values of the dark brown koji are small, and the difference values of the light absorption values of the dark brown koji and the light yellow koji are difficult to distinguish, which indicates that the effect of normal temperature extraction of the dark brown koji is poor. The detection conditions of example 2 are more excellent in terms of the combination of detection efficiency and discrimination.

Three replicates of the same batch of three daqus were run under the preferred experimental conditions of example 2 and the relative standard deviations were calculated, and the relevant data are shown in table 4.

TABLE 4

	Relative standard deviation (n ═ 3)
		Black koji	3.97％
Huang Qu	2.25&
		White koji	3.82％

As can be seen from Table 4, in the three repeated tests, the relative standard deviations of the black koji, the yellow koji and the white koji are less than or equal to 4%, and the relative standard deviations are small, which indicates that the detection method has good repeatability and accurate detection results.

Carrying out light absorption value detection on 3 yeast samples of white yeast, yellow yeast and black yeast taken out of the warehouse in different batches under the preferable experimental conditions in the embodiment 2, counting detected light absorption value data and dividing light absorption value intervals of the yeast taken out of each batch into different classes according to the time sequence, so as to distinguish the classes of the yeast in the subsequent yeast detection, wherein the related data are shown in a table 5.

TABLE 5

As can be seen from the data in Table 5, the absorbance of the binned dark curve is between 9.32 and 10.5; the light absorption value of the yellow rice discharged from the bin is between 8.13 and 9.31; the absorbance value of the white curve is between 4.52 and 5.18. When the category of the yeast for making hard liquor is judged by a detector, the yeast for making hard liquor to be detected can be preliminarily judged to be one of black yeast for taking out of a warehouse, yellow yeast for taking out of the warehouse and white yeast for taking out of the warehouse according to sensory indexes such as color, fragrance and the like, then the method for detecting the light absorption value of the yeast for making hard liquor in the embodiment 2 of the application is used for detection, and whether the light absorption value of the yeast for making hard liquor falls into the preliminarily judged light absorption value range or not is compared. If the measured light absorption value falls within the range of the corresponding black koji/yellow koji/white koji discharging section, the assumption is correct, that is, the big koji to be measured is the identified black koji/yellow koji/white koji discharging.

Comparative test

The sample testing times for any of examples 1-7 and comparative example 1 are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6

	Time of detection
		Any one of the embodiments	96 samples were tested in 1min
Comparative example 1	Detecting 1 sample in 25min

By combining any one of examples 1 to 7 with comparative example 1 and combining table 4, it can be seen that the detection efficiency of examples 1 to 7 is much higher than that of comparative example 1, a large amount of Daqu samples can be detected in the industrial production of white spirit, and examples 1 to 7 can simultaneously detect a plurality of samples, so that the detection requirements are met. Simultaneously, use the ELIASA to detect the yeast for making hard liquor in this application, the detection procedure is simple convenient, has promoted the detection rate of yeast for making hard liquor sample, reduces and detects the degree of difficulty, and the price of ELIASA is also far less than differential scanning calorimeter, reduces use cost and cost of maintenance in the yeast for making hard liquor sample testing process by a wide margin.

The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.