阅读说明：本技术 一种基于尾菜秸秆厌氧发酵制备反刍动物饲料的方法 (Method for preparing ruminant feed based on anaerobic fermentation of waste vegetable straws ) 是由 庞中存 黄玉龙 于 2021-09-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于尾菜秸秆厌氧发酵制备反刍动物饲料的方法,以尾菜和作物秸秆作为发酵原料,尾菜的用量为60wt％～90wt％,作物秸秆的用量为10wt％～40wt％；尾菜与作物秸秆的重之和为100％,且发酵原料的总水分控制在50％～85％；选用玉米粉、麸皮、柠檬酸、硫酸铵、尿素、食盐、植物乳杆菌、布氏乳杆菌,以及丙酸钙、脱氢乙酸钠、双乙酸钠中的一种或两种作为辅料；将尾菜、作物秸秆切碎后,与辅料混合,搅拌均匀后,压缩,用阻气性柔韧材料包装密封,进行常温下发酵。本发明通过辅料的添加,解决了饲料发酵启动慢、品质差、动物采食量少、易变质、损耗大等问题。(The invention discloses a method for preparing ruminant feed based on waste vegetable straw anaerobic fermentation, which takes waste vegetable and crop straw as fermentation raw materials, wherein the amount of the waste vegetable is 60-90 wt%, and the amount of the crop straw is 10-40 wt%; the sum of the weight of the tailed vegetable and the crop straw is 100 percent, and the total moisture of the fermentation raw material is controlled to be 50 to 85 percent; selecting corn flour, bran, citric acid, ammonium sulfate, urea, salt, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus buchneri and one or two of calcium propionate, sodium dehydroacetate and sodium diacetate as auxiliary materials; chopping caulis et folium Brassicae Capitatae and crop straw, mixing with adjuvants, stirring, compressing, packaging with gas-barrier flexible material, sealing, and fermenting at room temperature. The invention solves the problems of slow start of feed fermentation, poor quality, small feed intake of animals, easy deterioration, large loss and the like by adding auxiliary materials.)

1. A method for preparing ruminant feed based on anaerobic fermentation of waste vegetable straws is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, preparation of raw and auxiliary materials:

a. fermentation raw materials: the fermentation raw material consists of cabbage and crop straws, wherein the using amount of the cabbage is 60-90 wt%, and the using amount of the crop straws is 10-40 wt%; the sum of the weight of the tailed vegetable and the crop straw is 100 percent, and the total moisture of the fermentation raw material is controlled to be 50 to 85 percent;

b. auxiliary materials: the auxiliary materials comprise corn flour, bran, citric acid, ammonium sulfate, urea, salt, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus buchneri and one or two of calcium propionate, sodium dehydroacetate and sodium diacetate; the addition amounts are respectively as follows: 1.0-5.0% of corn flour, 1.0-5.0% of bran, 0.06-0.10% of citric acid, 0.20-0.50% of ammonium sulfate, 0.20-1.00% of urea, 0.25-0.50% of salt, 0.10-0.30% of calcium propionate, 0.01-0.04% of sodium dehydroacetate, 0.10-0.30% of sodium diacetate and 0.005-0.01% of microbial inoculum, wherein the microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.2-1.0, and the mass fraction of each component is the percentage of the sum of the weight of the tailed vegetable and the straw;

s2, chopping the tailed vegetables and the crop straws, mixing with the auxiliary materials, uniformly stirring, compressing, packaging and sealing by using the gas barrier flexible material, and fermenting at normal temperature.

2. The method of claim 1 for preparing ruminant feed based on anaerobic fermentation of brassica oleracea straw, comprising: the tail vegetables are selected from one or more of cauliflower, baby cabbage, celery, cabbage, green bamboo shoot, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, rape, spinach and lettuce vegetables, and are fresh, rot-free, disease-free, commodity-free or poor commodity parts; the single use or the mixed use of a plurality of kinds, when a plurality of kinds are mixed, the proportion among various kinds is not limited, and only the total amount is controlled.

3. The method of claim 1 for preparing ruminant feed based on anaerobic fermentation of brassica oleracea straw, comprising: the crop straw is selected from one or more of cereals, beans, rapes, flax and alfalfa, and is used singly or in a mixed way, when multiple crops are used in a mixed way, the ratio among the crops is not limited, and only the total amount is controlled.

4. The method of claim 1 for preparing ruminant feed based on anaerobic fermentation of brassica oleracea straw, comprising: in the step S2, the mixture is compressed to a density of 0.70 to 0.0.90t/m³。

5. The method of claim 1 for preparing ruminant feed based on anaerobic fermentation of brassica oleracea straw, comprising: in step S2, the gas barrier flexible material is a stretched plastic film.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization of agricultural or processing wastes and byproducts, in particular to a method for preparing ruminant feed based on anaerobic fermentation of waste vegetable straws.

Background

The damaged, diseased, disabled and inferior parts of vegetables stripped in the processes of production, harvesting, transportation, processing and sale for improving the commodity value of the vegetables, namely the damaged and diseased inferior parts without commodity value or with lower commodity value are called tail vegetables. It is estimated that the rate of production of tail vegetables is about 25% to 30% on average. The wastes are not treated in time and are poured and accumulated at will, are easy to rot and deteriorate, pollute underground water, rivers and air, breed mosquitoes and flies, cause adverse effects on environment and resident life, and also form serious threats to the continuous and healthy development of the vegetable industry. The reasonable utilization of the waste vegetable resources is enhanced, and the significance of reducing secondary pollution is great.

In the prior art, in addition to the problems of high cost of pretreatment operation such as dehydration and juicing and subsequent pollution treatment in the utilization of the waste vegetable feed, the problems of slow feed fermentation start, poor quality, low animal feed intake, easy deterioration, high loss and the like exist, and a fermentation technology capable of promoting fermentation, stabilizing quality and improving feed intake is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for preparing ruminant feed based on anaerobic fermentation of waste vegetable straws.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a method for preparing ruminant feed based on anaerobic fermentation of waste vegetable straws comprises the following steps:

s1, preparation of raw and auxiliary materials:

a. fermentation raw materials: the fermentation raw material consists of cabbage and crop straws, wherein the using amount of the cabbage is 60-90 wt%, and the using amount of the crop straws is 10-40 wt%; the sum of the weight of the tailed vegetable and the crop straw is 100 percent, and the total moisture of the fermentation raw material is controlled to be 50 to 85 percent;

b. auxiliary materials: the auxiliary materials comprise corn flour, bran, citric acid, ammonium sulfate, urea, salt, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus buchneri and one or two of calcium propionate, sodium dehydroacetate and sodium diacetate; the addition amounts are respectively as follows: 1.0-5.0% of corn flour, 1.0-5.0% of bran, 0.06-0.10% of citric acid, 0.20-0.50% of ammonium sulfate, 0.20-1.00% of urea, 0.25-0.50% of salt, 0.10-0.30% of calcium propionate, 0.01-0.04% of sodium dehydroacetate, 0.10-0.30% of sodium diacetate and 0.005-0.01% of microbial inoculum, wherein the microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.2-1.0, and the mass fraction of each component is the percentage of the sum of the weight of the tailed vegetable and the straw;

s2, chopping the tailed vegetables and the crop straws (generally with the size of less than 3cm, taking the non-piercing packaging material as the standard), mixing with auxiliary materials, uniformly stirring, compressing, packaging with gas-barrier flexible materials, sealing (without vacuumizing, and wrapping tightly the compressed materials after compression), and fermenting at normal temperature.

Further, the tail vegetables are selected from one or more of cauliflower, baby cabbage, celery, cabbage, baby bamboo shoot, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, rape, spinach and lettuce vegetables, and are fresh parts without rottenness, diseases, commodity or poor commodity; the single use or the mixed use of a plurality of kinds, when a plurality of kinds are mixed, the proportion among various kinds is not limited, and only the total amount is controlled.

Further, the crop straws are selected from one or more of cereals, beans, rapes, sesames and alfalfa, and are used singly or in a mixed mode, when multiple crops are used in a mixed mode, the proportion among the crops is not limited, and only the total amount is controlled.

Further, in the step S2, the mixture is compressed to a density of 0.70 to 0.0.90t/m³。

Further, in the step S2, the gas barrier flexible material is a plastic stretched film.

The invention solves the problems of slow start of feed fermentation, poor quality, small feed intake of animals, easy deterioration, large loss and the like by adding auxiliary materials. The content of crude protein in the obtained fermented feed is between 7.70 and 28.90 percent, the pH value is 3.63 to 4.13, and the weight loss rate is 0.25 to 1.50 percent; can be preserved at normal temperature for a year, and has stable quality.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.

The test materials used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified. "wt%" means weight percent.

Example 1

A ruminant feed prepared based on anaerobic fermentation of waste vegetable straws is prepared by the following method:

(1) weighing a proper amount of cabbage tails and straws as fermentation raw materials in a mass ratio of 2.6:1.0, and chopping the materials to ensure that the water content reaches 50-85%; adding 2.0% of corn flour, 4.0% of bran, 0.08% of citric acid, 0.30% of ammonium sulfate, 0% of urea, 0% of salt, 0.20% of calcium propionate, 0% of sodium dehydroacetate, 0% of sodium diacetate and 0.006% of microbial inoculum (the mass ratio of lactobacillus plantarum to lactobacillus buchneri is 1:0.5) according to the weight of fermentation raw materials, and uniformly stirring and mixing;

(2) compressing and molding the uniformly mixed materials (cylindrical, the density is about 0.70-0.90 t/m)³) Packing, sealing, stacking, transporting, storing, fermenting and fermenting at natural normal temperature.

By applying the method of the embodiment, the content of crude protein in the fermented feed is 13.2 percent, the pH value is 3.90, and the weight loss rate is 0.5 percent; the mercury, lead, chromium and cadmium contents all meet the requirements of national feed hygiene standards (GB13078-2017), can be preserved for a year at normal temperature, has stable quality, and is suitable for being used as crude feed for ruminants.

Example 2

This example differs from example 1 in that:

in the step (1), 4.0 percent of corn flour, 2.0 percent of bran, 0.10 percent of citric acid, 0.30 percent of ammonium sulfate, 0 percent of urea, 0 percent of salt, 0.20 percent of calcium propionate, 0 percent of sodium dehydroacetate, 0 percent of sodium diacetate and 0.006 percent of microbial inoculum (lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri (1:0.5)) are added according to the weight of the fermentation raw materials, and are stirred and mixed uniformly.

By applying the method of the embodiment, the content of crude protein in the fermented feed is 12.9 percent, the pH value is 3.87, and the weight loss rate is 0.3 percent; the mercury, lead, chromium and cadmium contents all meet the requirements of national feed hygiene standards (GB13078-2017), can be preserved for a year at normal temperature, has stable quality, and is suitable for being used as crude feed for ruminants.

Example 3

This example differs from example 1 in that:

in the step (1), 2.0% of corn flour, 4.0% of bran, 0% of citric acid, 0.30% of ammonium sulfate, 0.40% of urea, 0% of salt, 0.20% of calcium propionate, 0% of sodium dehydroacetate, 0% of sodium diacetate and 0.006% of microbial inoculum (the mass ratio of lactobacillus plantarum to lactobacillus buchneri is 1:1) are added according to the weight of the fermentation raw materials, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly.

By applying the method of the embodiment, the content of crude protein in the fermented feed is 15.6 percent, the pH value is 4.05, and the weight loss rate is 0.5 percent; the mercury, lead, chromium and cadmium contents all meet the requirements of national feed hygiene standards (GB13078-2017), can be preserved for a year at normal temperature, has stable quality, and is suitable for being used as crude feed for ruminants.

Example 4

This example differs from example 1 in that:

in the step (1), 1.0% of corn flour, 5.0% of bran, 0% of citric acid, 0.30% of ammonium sulfate, 0.40% of urea, 0.5% of salt, 0.20% of calcium propionate, 0% of sodium dehydroacetate, 0% of sodium diacetate and 0.01% of microbial inoculum (the mass ratio of lactobacillus plantarum to lactobacillus buchneri is 1:0.2) are added according to the weight of the fermentation raw materials, and the components are stirred and mixed uniformly.

By applying the method of the embodiment, the content of crude protein in the fermented feed is 19.6 percent, the pH value is 4.03, and the weight loss rate is 0.5 percent; the mercury, lead, chromium and cadmium contents all meet the requirements of national feed hygiene standards (GB13078-2017), can be preserved for a year at normal temperature, has stable quality, and is suitable for being used as crude feed for ruminants.

Example 5

This example differs from example 1 in that:

in the step (1), 1.0% of corn flour, 4.0% of bran, 0% of citric acid, 0.30% of ammonium sulfate, 0.40% of urea, 0.5% of salt, 0% of calcium propionate, 0.02% of sodium dehydroacetate, 0% of sodium diacetate and 0.006% of microbial inoculum (the mass ratio of lactobacillus plantarum to lactobacillus buchneri is 1:0.8) are added according to the weight of the fermentation raw materials, and the components are stirred and mixed uniformly.

By applying the method of the embodiment, the content of crude protein in the fermented feed is 21.3 percent, the pH value is 4.00, and the weight loss rate is 0.2 percent; the mercury, lead, chromium and cadmium contents all meet the requirements of national feed hygiene standards (GB13078-2017), can be preserved for a year at normal temperature, has stable quality, and is suitable for being used as crude feed for ruminants.

Example 6

This example differs from example 1 in that:

in the step (1), 1.0% of corn flour, 4.0% of bran, 0% of citric acid, 0.30% of ammonium sulfate, 0.40% of urea, 0.5% of salt, 0% of calcium propionate, 0% of sodium dehydroacetate, 0.1% of sodium diacetate and 0.008% of microbial inoculum (the mass ratio of lactobacillus plantarum to lactobacillus buchneri is 1:0.6) are added according to the weight of the fermentation raw materials, and the components are stirred and mixed uniformly.

By applying the method of the embodiment, the content of crude protein in the fermented feed is 20.1 percent, the pH value is 3.88, and the weight loss rate is 0.2 percent; the mercury, lead, chromium and cadmium contents all meet the requirements of national feed hygiene standards (GB13078-2017), can be preserved for a year at normal temperature, has stable quality, and is suitable for being used as crude feed for ruminants.

Example 7

This example differs from example 1 in that:

in the step (1), 3.0% of corn flour, 3.0% of bran, 0.06% of citric acid, 0.30% of ammonium sulfate, 0.50% of urea, 0.3% of salt, 0.1% of calcium propionate, 0.01% of sodium dehydroacetate, 0% of sodium diacetate and 0.01% of microbial inoculum (the mass ratio of lactobacillus plantarum to lactobacillus buchneri is 1:0.3) are added according to the weight of the fermentation raw materials, and the components are stirred and mixed uniformly.

By applying the method of the embodiment, the content of crude protein in the fermented feed is 24.5 percent, the pH value is 3.83, and the weight loss rate is 0.3 percent; the mercury, lead, chromium and cadmium contents all meet the requirements of national feed hygiene standards (GB13078-2017), can be preserved for a year at normal temperature, has stable quality, and is suitable for being used as crude feed for ruminants.

Application example

Animal experiments of feeding animals with the fermented feed prepared in the application examples 5, 6 and 7 show that the fattening and weight gain rate of cattle and sheep is improved by 15% compared with that of feeding silage corn straw groups, the feed cost is reduced, and the breeding benefit is improved by more than 20%.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.