阅读说明：本技术 一种激光熔敷用粉末混合装置及混合送粉方法 (Powder mixing device for laser cladding and mixed powder feeding method ) 是由 邵红敏 段开椋 马宝田 于 2021-07-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种激光熔敷用粉末混合装置及混合送粉方法,以解决目前激光熔敷粉末混合存在工作效率低,人为因素影响大的问题。该装置包括进粉模块、混粉模块、储粉模块和送粉装置粉筒；在所述进粉端面上设置多个沿圆周方向等距排列的进粉通道；混粉模块包括粉末混合腔、电极驱动搅拌装置及设置在电极驱动搅拌装置下方的进气通道；储粉模块包括储粉腔、设置在储粉腔侧面上端的泄气阀接口、第一平衡气接口及与第一平衡气接口相连的第一电磁阀；送粉装置粉筒侧面上方设置第二平衡气接口,第一平衡气接口通过第一电磁阀与第二平衡气接口连接；储粉腔的粉末出口端通过第二电磁阀与送粉装置粉筒的加粉口连接。(The invention relates to a powder mixing device for laser cladding and a mixed powder feeding method, which aim to solve the problems of low working efficiency and large influence of human factors in the existing laser cladding powder mixing. The device comprises a powder feeding module, a powder mixing module, a powder storage module and a powder feeding device powder cylinder; a plurality of powder feeding channels which are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction are arranged on the powder feeding end surface; the powder mixing module comprises a powder mixing cavity, an electrode driving and stirring device and an air inlet channel arranged below the electrode driving and stirring device; the powder storage module comprises a powder storage cavity, an air escape valve interface arranged at the upper end of the side surface of the powder storage cavity, a first balance air interface and a first electromagnetic valve connected with the first balance air interface; a second balance air interface is arranged above the side surface of the powder cylinder of the powder feeding device, and the first balance air interface is connected with the second balance air interface through a first electromagnetic valve; the powder outlet end of the powder storage cavity is connected with the powder adding port of the powder feeding device powder cylinder through a second electromagnetic valve.)

1. A powder mixing device for laser cladding is characterized in that:

comprises a powder feeding module (1), a powder mixing module, a powder storage module and a powder feeding device powder cylinder (4) which are connected in sequence;

the powder feeding module (1) is provided with N powder feeding channels (12), the inlet ends of the N powder feeding channels (12) are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the powder feeding module (1) along the same circumferential direction, the outlet ends of the N powder feeding channels (12) are uniformly distributed on the lower surface of the powder feeding module (1) along the same circumferential direction, and the same circumferential diameter of the inlet ends of the N powder feeding channels (12) on the upper surface of the powder feeding module (1) is larger than the same circumferential diameter of the outlet ends on the lower surface of the powder feeding module (1); n is more than or equal to 2;

the powder mixing module comprises a powder mixing cavity (2), an electrode driving and stirring device (22) fixedly and hermetically arranged on the side wall of the middle part of the powder mixing cavity (2), and an air inlet channel (23) arranged below the electrode driving and stirring device (22);

the stirring component of the electrode driving stirring device (22) is positioned below the end face of the outlet end of the powder inlet channel (12);

the gas inlet end of the gas inlet channel (23) is higher than the gas outlet end, the included angle between the center line of the outlet end of the gas inlet channel (23) and the horizontal section direction of the powder mixing cavity (2) is more than 0 degree and less than 30 degrees, and the gas inlet direction is tangent to the inner wall of the powder mixing cavity (2);

the powder storage module comprises a powder storage cavity (3), an air escape valve interface (33) and a first balance air interface (34), wherein the air escape valve interface is arranged at the upper end of the side surface of the powder storage cavity (3); a first electromagnetic valve (35) is connected to the first balance gas interface (34); the air release valve interface (33) is connected with an air release valve;

a second balance gas interface (41) is arranged above the side surface of the powder barrel (4) of the powder feeding device, and the first balance gas interface (34) is connected with the second balance gas interface (41) through a first electromagnetic valve (35);

the powder outlet (37) end of the powder storage cavity (3) is connected with a powder adding opening (42) of the powder feeding device powder cylinder (4) through a second electromagnetic valve (36).

2. The powder mixing device for laser cladding according to claim 1, wherein:

extension lines of central lines of the N powder feeding channels (12) are intersected at the same point below the powder feeding module (1), and the same point is positioned at the upper part of the powder mixing cavity (2);

the stirring component is positioned below the end face of the outlet end of the powder inlet channel (12), specifically below the same point.

3. The powder mixing device for laser cladding according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: electrode drive agitating unit (22) are two, the stirring part of electrode drive agitating unit (22) includes stirring rake and a plurality of stirring paddle, stirring paddle direction of rotation is on a parallel with the stirring rake.

4. The powder mixing device for laser cladding according to claim 3, wherein: the two electrode-driven stirring devices (22) are arranged up and down, and the rotation directions of the stirring blades of the two electrode-driven stirring devices (22) are opposite; the stirring diameter formed by the upper stirring blade is not less than the powder beam diameter formed by the N powder feeding channels (12) at the stirring position, and the stirring diameter formed by the lower stirring blade is 1.5 times of the stirring diameter formed by the upper stirring blade.

5. The powder mixing device for laser cladding according to claim 4, wherein: and the stirring paddle of the electrode driving stirring device (22) are made of nonmetal antistatic materials.

6. The powder mixing device for laser welding according to claim 5, characterized in that: the gas introduced into the gas inlet channel (23) is nitrogen or argon, and the gas flow speed is 5-6 m/s.

7. The powder mixing device for laser cladding according to claim 6, wherein:

the powder feeding module (1) and the powder mixing module are detachably and hermetically connected through a flange and a sealing ring, and the powder mixing module and the powder storage module are detachably and hermetically connected through a flange and a sealing ring.

8. The powder mixing device for laser cladding according to claim 7, wherein: the powder mixing cavity (2) of the powder mixing module and the powder storage cavity (3) of the powder storage module are internally inverted cones at the lower ends.

9. A powder mixing and feeding method for laser welding, characterized in that the powder mixing device for laser welding according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is used, and the method comprises the following steps:

s1, adding N kinds of powder to be mixed into the powder mixing cavity (2) through N powder inlet channels (12) on the powder inlet module (1); n is more than or equal to 2;

s2, mechanically stirring and mixing the powder entering the powder mixing cavity (2) through an electrode driving stirring device (22), mixing the powder through airflow formed by ventilating the air inlet channel (23), and then entering a powder storage module;

s3, enabling the mixed powder to enter a powder storage module, and adjusting the pressure in the powder storage cavity (3) through an air escape valve according to the set pressure relief value; meanwhile, according to the minimum amount and the maximum amount of the powder set in the powder cylinder (4) of the powder feeding device, when the residual amount of the powder in the powder cylinder (4) of the powder feeding device is smaller than the set minimum amount, a first electromagnetic valve (35) and a second electromagnetic valve (36) are automatically opened, a first balance air interface (34) and a second balance air interface (41) are communicated to balance the pressure of a powder storage cavity (3) and the powder cylinder (4) of the powder feeding device, the powder in the powder storage cavity (3) enters the powder cylinder (4) of the powder feeding device under the action of gravity, and when the powder amount reaches the set maximum amount, the first electromagnetic valve (35) and the second electromagnetic valve (36) are automatically closed to stop adding the powder; by repeating the above steps, automatic powder feeding for mixing the powder for laser deposition is realized.

10. The powder mixing and feeding method for laser welding according to claim 8, characterized in that: in step S3, the set pressure relief value is P +/-0.01 MPa, wherein P is the pressure in the powder cylinder (4) of the powder feeding device.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a powder mixing device, and more particularly to a powder mixing device for laser deposition and a mixed powder feeding method.

Background

The laser cladding is a process method which melts and adds powder materials into a molten pool formed by a substrate after laser irradiation by a mode of pre-setting powder or synchronously feeding powder and rapidly solidifies the powder materials and the molten pool together to form a metallurgical bonding coating layer. Through laser cladding, various complex compact metal parts can be directly manufactured without a cutter and a die, and the damaged parts can be directly repaired and remanufactured on the surface, so that the development period is shortened, the cost is saved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the laser cladding has good application prospects in the industries of aerospace, weapon manufacturing, mechanical electronics and the like.

With the deep application of laser cladding technology in the fields of biology, aviation, aerospace, machinery, materials, metallurgy, mines, nuclear power and the like in recent years, the requirement on comprehensive performance of the surface is continuously improved, a multi-powder mixed cladding and a gradient cladding process that different positions of a cladding layer require different powder mixing proportions are provided, the powder mixing method in the industry at present mainly mixes the powder in advance and then adds a powder feeding system, the working mode has low efficiency, and the influence of human factors is large.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of low working efficiency and large influence of human factors caused by the fact that the existing laser cladding powder mixing system mainly mixes powder in advance and then adds a powder feeding system, and provides a powder mixing device for laser cladding and a mixed powder feeding method so as to meet the requirements of automation, high efficiency and low cost of powder mixing in the laser cladding process.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a powder mixing device for laser cladding, which is characterized in that: comprises a powder feeding module, a powder mixing module, a powder storage module and a powder feeding device powder cylinder which are connected in sequence;

the powder feeding module is provided with N powder feeding channels, the inlet ends of the N powder feeding channels are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the powder feeding module along the same circumferential direction, the outlet ends of the N powder feeding channels are uniformly distributed on the lower surface of the powder feeding module along the same circumferential direction, and the same circumferential diameter of the inlet ends of the N powder feeding channels on the upper surface of the powder feeding module is larger than the same circumferential diameter of the outlet ends on the lower surface of the powder feeding module; n is more than or equal to 2;

the powder mixing module comprises a powder mixing cavity, an electrode driving and stirring device fixedly and hermetically arranged on the side wall of the middle part of the powder mixing cavity and an air inlet channel arranged below the electrode driving and stirring device;

the stirring component of the electrode-driven stirring device is positioned below the end face of the outlet end of the powder inlet channel; the gas inlet end of the gas inlet channel is higher than the gas outlet end, the included angle between the center line of the gas inlet channel outlet end and the direction of the horizontal section of the powder mixing cavity is more than 0 degree and less than 30 degrees, and the gas inlet direction is tangent to the inner wall of the powder mixing cavity;

the powder storage module comprises a powder storage cavity, an air escape valve interface and a first balance air interface, wherein the air escape valve interface and the first balance air interface are arranged at the upper end of the side surface of the powder storage cavity; the first balance gas interface is connected with a first electromagnetic valve; the air escape valve interface is connected with an air escape valve;

a second balance air interface is arranged above the side surface of the powder cylinder of the powder feeding device, and the first balance air interface is connected with the second balance air interface through a first electromagnetic valve;

and the powder outlet end of the powder storage cavity is connected with the powder adding port of the powder feeding device powder cylinder through a second electromagnetic valve.

The powder feeding module of the powder mixing device for laser cladding provided by the invention is of an independent structure and is detachably connected with the powder mixing module through the connecting piece, and when the laser cladding operation is actually carried out, different powder feeding modules are only required to be replaced by different amounts of powder, so that the operation is convenient, and the cost is saved.

In the technical scheme provided by the invention, two mixing modes are available for the powder, wherein the first mode is mechanical stirring and mixing by driving a stirring device through an electrode; the second is through inlet channel to powder hybrid chamber injection air current, because the inlet channel exit end has the contained angle along chamber wall tangential direction and powder hybrid chamber horizontal cross section, the air current can advance along the chamber wall spiral, gaseous viscosity makes central part's air current also can flow to the chamber wall, thereby form the vortex in the intracavity, make the powder mix once more under the effect of vortex, simultaneously because inlet channel has the contained angle along chamber wall tangential direction and powder hybrid chamber section horizontal direction and makes gas have decurrent pressure, under the gravity combined action of the air current of mixing carrier gas powder and powder, the powder gets into the powder storage chamber of below under the guide of back taper structure after mixing again many times.

Furthermore, extension lines of central lines of the N powder feeding channels are intersected at the same point below the powder feeding module, and the same point is positioned at the upper part of the powder mixing cavity;

the stirring component is positioned below the end face of the outlet end of the powder feeding channel, and specifically positioned below the same point where the extension lines of the central lines of the N powder feeding channels meet.

Further, electrode drive agitating unit is two, electrode drive agitating unit's stirring part includes stirring rake and a plurality of stirring paddle, stirring paddle rotation direction is on a parallel with the stirring rake.

Furthermore, the two electrode-driven stirring devices are arranged up and down, and the stirring blades of the two electrode-driven stirring devices rotate in opposite directions; the stirring diameter formed by the upper stirring blade is not less than the diameter of the powder bundle formed by the N powder feeding channels at the stirring position, and the stirring diameter formed by the lower stirring blade is 1.5 times of the stirring diameter formed by the upper stirring blade.

The powder mixing method comprises the following steps of enabling powder to be mixed to pass through a powder feeding channel of a powder feeding module according to a set proportion, converging and colliding at a cross point of a central line of the powder feeding channel, falling onto a stirring paddle of an electrode driving stirring device above after primary collision and mixing is completed, completing primary mechanical stirring and mixing of the powder along with rotation of the electrode driving stirring device, enabling the powder to fall onto the stirring paddle of the electrode driving stirring device below due to the action of gravity, and completing secondary mechanical stirring and mixing along with rotation of the electrode driving stirring device due to the fact that stirring directions of the two electrode driving stirring devices are opposite.

Further, the stirring paddle and the stirring paddle of the electrode driving stirring device are made of nonmetal antistatic materials.

Furthermore, the gas introduced into the gas inlet channel is nitrogen or argon, and the gas flow speed is 5-6 m/s.

The introduced nitrogen or argon is inert gas, and the influence on the powder is avoided.

Furthermore, go into between powder module and the mixed powder module and can dismantle sealing connection through flange and sealing washer, mix between powder module and the storage powder module and can dismantle sealing connection through flange and sealing washer.

Furthermore, the powder mixing cavity of the powder mixing module and the lower end of the powder storage cavity of the powder storage module are internally inverted cones. The setting of back taper funnel structure makes things convenient for the powder to collect and get into the exit end of powder.

The invention also provides a powder mixing and feeding method for laser welding, which comprises the following steps:

s1, adding N kinds of powder to be mixed into the powder mixing cavity through N powder feeding channels on the powder feeding module; n is more than or equal to 2;

s2, mechanically stirring and mixing the powder entering the powder mixing cavity by an electrode-driven stirring device, and after air flow formed by ventilating the air inlet channel is mixed, entering a powder storage module;

s3, enabling the powder to be mixed to enter a powder storage module, and adjusting the pressure in a powder storage cavity through an air escape valve according to the set pressure relief value; meanwhile, according to the minimum amount and the maximum amount of the powder set in the powder cylinder of the powder feeding device, when the residual amount of the powder in the powder cylinder of the powder feeding device is smaller than the set minimum amount, the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve are automatically opened, the first balance air interface and the second balance air interface are communicated to balance the pressure of the powder storage cavity and the pressure of the powder cylinder of the powder feeding device, the powder in the powder storage cavity enters the powder cylinder of the powder feeding device under the action of gravity, and when the powder amount reaches the set maximum amount, the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve are automatically closed to stop powder adding; in this way, automatic powder feeding of the powder mixing device for laser welding is realized.

The powder mixing device for laser cladding provided by the invention enables the powder to be more fully mixed in a mode of combining mechanical stirring and gas vortex stirring, prevents the powder in the powder storage cavity from splashing at high pressure by arranging the air escape valve, and realizes an automatic powder adding process by automatically adjusting the interfaces of the two electromagnetic valves and the two balancers according to the minimum quantity and the maximum quantity of the powder in the powder cylinder of the preset powder feeding device.

Further, in step S3, the set pressure relief value is P ± 0.01MPa, where P is the pressure in the powder cylinder of the powder feeding device.

In order to avoid powder splashing caused by overhigh pressure in the powder storage cavity, the powder is gathered at the powder outlet end of the powder storage cavity, and the powder storage cavity is provided with an air release valve interface; the pressure relief value is set to ensure that the air pressure in the powder storage cavity is lower than the set pressure relief value, and when the air pressure in the powder storage cavity is higher than the set pressure relief value, the pressure is automatically relieved through the pressure relief valve; preferably, the pressure relief value is set to be close to the pressure in the powder cylinder of the powder feeding device, and the arrangement can shorten the balancing process of air pressure during powder adding.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, through mechanical stirring of the electrode-driven stirring device and a combined mode of forming vortex stirring in the powder mixing cavity by arranging the air inlet channel, the powder for laser cladding is fully and uniformly mixed, and meanwhile, the influence of artificial factors is avoided.

2. The powder feeding module provided by the invention is provided with a plurality of powder feeding channels, so that the mixed deposition of various powders can be realized; and because the powder feeding module is of an independent replaceable structure, the powder feeding module can be replaced according to the quantity of mixed powder when in use, and the deposition process which requires different powder mixing proportion gradients at different positions of the deposition layer can be met.

3. According to the invention, the air release valve is arranged on the powder storage module, so that the pressure in the powder storage cavity is automatically adjusted, and the splashing caused by overhigh pressure in the powder storage cavity is avoided.

4. By arranging the balance air interface and the electromagnetic valve on the powder storage cavity and the powder feeding device powder cylinder, the powder adding function of the powder in the powder storage cavity to the powder feeding device powder cylinder is automatically controlled according to the minimum amount and the maximum amount of the powder in the powder feeding device powder cylinder set by the device, and the production efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a powder mixing apparatus for laser welding according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a powder feeding module of the powder mixing device for laser welding according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the operation of the powder mixing apparatus for laser welding according to the present invention.

The reference numbers are as follows:

1-powder feeding module, 11-powder feeding module fixing flange, 12-powder feeding channel, 2-powder mixing cavity, 21-powder feeding module sealing ring groove, 22-electrode driving stirring device, 23-gas feeding channel, 24-mixing cavity fixing flange, 3-powder storage cavity, 31-powder storage cavity fixing flange, 32-mixing cavity sealing ring groove, 33-air release valve interface, 34-first balance gas interface, 35-first electromagnetic valve, 36-second electromagnetic valve, 37-powder outlet, 4-powder feeding device powder cylinder, 41-second balance gas interface and 42-powder feeding port.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in figures 1 to 3 of the drawings,

the embodiment provides a powder mixing device for laser cladding, which comprises a powder feeding module 1, a powder mixing module, a powder storage module and a powder feeding device powder cylinder 4 which are sequentially connected;

the powder feeding module 1 is provided with four powder feeding channels 12, inlet ends of the four powder feeding channels 12 are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the powder feeding module 1 along the same circumferential direction, outlet ends of the four powder feeding channels 12 are uniformly distributed on the lower surface of the powder feeding module 1 along the same circumferential direction, and the same circumferential diameter of the inlet ends of the four powder feeding channels 12 on the upper surface of the powder feeding module 1 is larger than the same circumferential diameter of the outlet ends on the lower surface of the powder feeding module 1; the extension lines of the central lines of the four powder feeding channels 12 are intersected at the same point below the powder feeding module 1, and the same point is positioned at the upper part of the powder mixing cavity 2.

The powder mixing module comprises a powder mixing cavity 2, an electrode driving and stirring device 22 fixedly and hermetically arranged on the side wall of the middle part of the powder mixing cavity 2 and an air inlet channel 23 arranged below the electrode driving and stirring device 22.

The powder mixing chamber 2 is provided with a mounting opening of a powder feeding module 1 at the upper part, the mounting opening of the powder feeding module 1 is provided with a powder feeding module fixing flange 11 and a powder feeding module sealing ring groove 21, and the powder feeding module 1 and the powder mixing module are connected in a sealing and detachable way by a flange and a sealing ring. The lower end of the powder mixing cavity 2 is in an inverted cone shape, and the powder mixing cavity is convenient for collecting and diffusing powder.

The stirring component of the electrode-driven stirring device 22 is located below the end face of the outlet end of the powder feeding channel 12, and preferably, the stirring component is located below the intersection point of the extension lines of the center lines of the four powder feeding channels 12.

Specifically, in this embodiment the electrode driving stirring device 22 is two, and the stirring component of the electrode driving stirring device 22 includes a stirring paddle and a plurality of stirring blades, and the rotation direction of the stirring blades is parallel to the stirring paddle, wherein the stirring paddle and the stirring blades are made of nonmetal antistatic materials.

The two electrodes drive the stirring devices 22 to be arranged up and down, and the rotation directions of the stirring blades are opposite; the stirring diameter formed by the upper stirring blade is not less than the diameter of the powder bundle formed by the four powder feeding channels 12 at the stirring position, and the stirring diameter formed by the lower stirring blade is 1.5 times of the stirring diameter formed by the upper stirring blade.

The gas inlet end of the gas inlet channel 23 is higher than the gas outlet end, the included angle between the center line of the outlet end of the gas inlet channel 23 and the horizontal section direction of the powder mixing chamber 2 is more than 0 degree and less than 30 degrees, and the gas inlet direction is tangent to the inner wall of the powder mixing chamber 2; specifically, the gas introduced into the gas inlet channel 23 is nitrogen or argon, and the gas flow speed is 5-6 m/s.

The powder storage module comprises a powder storage cavity 3, an air escape valve interface 33 and a first balance air interface 34, wherein the air escape valve interface 33 is arranged at the upper end of the side surface of the powder storage cavity 3.

Store up powder chamber 3 top and be equipped with and store up powder chamber mounting flange 31 for be connected with hybrid chamber mounting flange 24, store up and be equipped with hybrid chamber seal ring groove 32 on the powder chamber mounting flange 31, make and store up powder chamber 3 and powder hybrid chamber 2 sealed fixed, store up the lower extreme in powder chamber 3 and be the back taper, conveniently draw in the powder of diffusion in.

The first balance air interface 34 is connected with a first electromagnetic valve 35; the air release valve interface 33 is connected with an air release valve.

A second balance gas port 41 is arranged above the side surface of the powder cylinder 4 of the powder feeding device, and the balance gas port 34 is connected with the second balance gas port 41 through a first electromagnetic valve 35;

the powder outlet 37 end of the powder storage cavity 3 is connected with the powder adding opening 42 of the powder feeding device powder cylinder 4 through a second electromagnetic valve 36.

A concrete mixing and powder feeding method using the powder mixing device for laser welding according to the present embodiment includes the steps of:

s1, adding the powder to be mixed into the powder mixing cavity 2 through the four powder feeding channels 12 on the powder feeding module 1; it is understood that the powder type to be mixed is not more than 4, and two, three or four powders may be used.

S2, mechanically stirring and mixing the powder entering the powder mixing cavity 2 through the electrode driving stirring device 22, mixing the powder with airflow formed by introducing nitrogen into the air inlet channel 23, and then entering the powder storage module;

s3, feeding the mixed powder into a powder storage module, and according to the set pressure relief value P +/-0.01 MPa, wherein P is the pressure value in a powder cylinder 4 of a powder feeding device; the pressure in the powder storage cavity 3 is adjusted through the air escape valve; meanwhile, according to the minimum amount and the maximum amount of the powder set in the powder cylinder 4 of the powder feeding device, when the residual amount of the powder in the powder cylinder 4 of the powder feeding device is smaller than the set minimum amount, the first electromagnetic valve 35 and the second electromagnetic valve 36 are automatically opened, the first balance air interface 34 and the second balance air interface 41 are communicated to balance the pressure of the powder storage cavity 3 and the powder cylinder 4 of the powder feeding device, the powder in the powder storage cavity 3 enters the powder cylinder 4 of the powder feeding device under the action of gravity, and when the powder amount reaches the set maximum amount, the first electromagnetic valve 35 and the second electromagnetic valve 36 are automatically closed to stop adding the powder; by repeating the above steps, automatic powder feeding for mixing the powder for laser deposition is realized.

The pressure relief value of the powder storage module is set to be close to the pressure value in the powder cylinder 4 of the powder feeding device, so that the balance process of air pressure during adding powder into the powder cylinder 4 of the powder feeding device can be shortened, and the working efficiency is improved.